CONTRACT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 29, 2025

10. CONTRACT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company’s product and license and other revenues are derived from the sales of components and subassemblies and the license of intellectual property for use in defense and industrial applications. The Company also has development contracts for the design, manufacture and or modification of products for the U.S. Government or prime contractors for the U.S. Government and for customers that expect to sell into the defense markets. The Company may offer technologies developed under these defense research and development contracts in products sold to industrial, medical and consumer markets. The Company’s contracts with the U.S. Government are typically subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (“FAR”) and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of producing goods. The FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods provided under U.S. Government contracts. The pricing for non-U.S. Government contracts is based on the specific negotiations with each customer.

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised products, and the amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and excludes taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.

The Company applies the following five steps to guide revenue recognition:

Identify the contract(s) with a customer—A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the products to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to those products, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for products that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company’s contracts are typically in the form of a purchase order. For certain large customers, the Company may also enter into master service agreements that define general terms but are not customer commitments to purchase until coupled with a purchase order. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract—Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the products and services that will be transferred. A product or service is distinct if both a) the customer can benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and b) is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised products or services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether the products or services meet the criteria to be distinct. If these criteria are not met the promised products or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

Determine the transaction price—The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring products to the customer. The Company historically does not have contracts with variable consideration but to the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

	4)	Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract—If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. The Company’s contracts do not typically contain multiple performance obligations that require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative Stand-alone Sales Price (“SSP”). During the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022 the Company did not have contracts with multiple performance obligations.

	5)	Recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation—The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised product or service to a customer.

Product Revenues

For certain contracts with prime contractors for the U.S. Government, the Company recognizes product revenue over time as the Company performs because of continuous transfer of control to the customer and the lack of an alternative use for the product. The continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by liability clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. Government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay the Company for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process and finished goods.

In situations where control transfers over time, product revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company uses the cost-to-cost input method to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation for its contracts because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost input method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation which includes the expected yield which is a significant judgment. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.

For certain contracts with prime contractors for the U.S. Government and commercial customers, while the contract may have a similar liability clause, the Company’s products historically have an alternative use and thus, revenue is recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control. Provisions for product returns and allowances are reductions in the transaction price and are recorded in the same period as the related revenues. The Company analyzes historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of sales returns and other allowances.

Research & Development Contracts

For most of the Company’s development contracts and contracts with the U.S. Government, the customer contracts with the Company to provide a significant service of integrating a set of components into a single unit. Since these performance obligations are not distinct or capable or being distinct, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. If there is a follow-on production contract it is assessed whether it is a contract modification or a new contract.

In situations where control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company generally uses an input method using the cost-to-cost approach to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation for its contracts because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure approach, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation which requires management to use significant assumptions and judgements. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.

License and other revenues

The rights and benefits to the Company’s intellectual property are conveyed to certain customers through royalty bearing technology license agreements. These sales-based royalties are recognized when they are earned. Revenues from sales-based royalties under license agreements are shown under License and other revenues on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized from customer arrangements, including licensing, exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are generally classified as current. The Company classifies the noncurrent portion of contract assets under Other assets in its condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized for the contract.

Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

	March 29, 2025			December 28, 2024			December 30, 2023
Contract assets	$	9,347,871		$	7,074,020		$	3,409,809
Current contract liabilities and billings in excess of revenue earned		(24,439	)		(87,752	)		(916,826	)
Noncurrent contract liabilities		(6,517	)		(7,465	)		(23,198	)

The $2.3 million increase in the Company’s net contract assets at March 29, 2025 as compared to December 28, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in amounts owed from production of defense products.

The $0.1 million decrease in the Company’s contract liabilities from December 28, 2024 to March 29, 2025 was primarily due to satisfaction of performance obligations that were paid in advance.

The Company records contract assets or contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company records a contract asset for unbilled revenue when the Company’s performance exceeds amounts billed. The Company classifies the contract asset as either current or non-current based on the expected timing of the Company’s right to bill under the terms of the contract, which the Company expects to be able to bill for within one year.

Contract liabilities consist of payments received in advance of product shipment. The liability is removed with shipment of the product.

In the three months ended March 29, 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $0.1 million related to its contract liabilities at December 28, 2024. In the three months ended March 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $0.3 million related to its contract liabilities at December 30, 2023.

The Company did not recognize impairment losses on its contract assets in the three months ended March 29, 2025, or the years ended December 28, 2024 or December 30, 2023.

Performance Obligations

The Company’s revenue recognition related to performance obligations that were satisfied at a point in time and over time were as follows:

	Three months ended			Three months ended
	March 29, 2025			March 30, 2024
Point in time		13	%		26	%
Over time		87	%		74	%
Performance obligation percentage		87	%		74	%

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of orders for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts. As of March 29, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $20.9 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 12 months. The remaining performance obligations represent amounts to be earned under government contracts, which are subject to cancellation.