BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE

FISCAL YEAR ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2024

Banco BBVA Argentina S.A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, comparatively presented.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Income

Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Notes

Exhibits

Separate Statement of Financial Position

Separate Statement of Income

Separate Statement of Other Comprehensive Income

Separate Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Separate Statement of Cash Flows

Notes

Exhibits

Project for the distribution of earnings

Reporting Summary

Audit report issued by the Independent Auditor on the consolidated financial statements

Audit report issued by the Independent Auditor on the separate financial statements

Supervisory Committee’s Report

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

The accompanying explanatory notes and exhibits are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

The accompanying explanatory notes and exhibits are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 and 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

EARNINGS PER SHARE

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

(1) As Banco BBVA Argentina S.A. has not issued financial instruments with dilution effects on earnings per share, basic earnings and diluted earnings per share are equal.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024, COMPARATIVE WITH THE PREVIOUS FISCAL YEAR

(Amounts stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in constant currency – Note 2.1.5.)

(Translation of Financial statements originally issued in Spanish – See Note 55)

1. General Information

1.1. Information on Banco BBVA Argentina S.A.

Banco BBVA Argentina S.A. (hereinafter, either “BBVA Argentina”, the “Entity” or the “Bank”) is a corporation (“sociedad anónima”) incorporated under the laws of Argentina, operating as a universal bank with a network of 235 national branches.

Since December 1996, BBVA Argentina is part of the global strategy of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. (hereinafter, either “BBVA” or the “Parent”), which directly and indirectly controls the Entity, by holding 66.55% of the share capital as of December 31, 2024.

These consolidated financial statements include the Entity and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”). Basis of consolidation is described in Note 2.2.

Part of the Entity's share capital is publicly traded and has been registered with the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, and the Madrid Stock Exchange.

1.2 Evolution of the macroeconomic situation and the financial and capital systems

In recent years, the Argentine financial market has observed a prolonged period of volatility in the market values of public and private financial instruments, including a high level of country risk, an increase in the official exchange rate between the Argentine peso and the US dollar, an increase in interest rates, and a significant acceleration in the rate of inflation (see note 2.1.5. Measuring Unit).

On December 10, 2023, the new authorities of the Argentine National Government took office and promoted a series of emergency measures within the framework of an economic policy proposal that, among its main objectives, seeks to the elimination of the fiscal deficit based on the reduction of the primary public expenditure of both the Nation and the Provinces, and the resizing of the State’s structure, by eliminating subsidies and transfers.

Particularly, as regards the U.S. dollar price, since the end of 2019 the gap between the official U.S. dollar price -mainly used for foreign trade- and the market alternative values, reaching caps of around 200% by the end of 2023. During this period, the Argentine peso experienced a devaluation of nearly 55%. In 2024, the referred gap has significantly narrowed, amounting to approximately 12% as of the date of these financial statements.

On the other hand, the National Government and the BCRA reformulated monetary and financial policies to drastically reduce the so-called quasi-fiscal deficit. The exchange of the BCRA's obligations with banks, including puts on public securities held by financial institutions, and their transfer to the National Treasury together with the fiscal surplus obtained by the National Government and the rollover of peso-denominated debt services, significantly absorbed the money surplus in the economy, thereby reducing both inflation (8% during the fourth quarter of 2024) and nominal interest rates.

In terms of the national public debt management, a restructuring process has been observed, including various voluntary swaps and agreements reached regarding claims with the Paris Club and the International Monetary Fund. In addition, in recent months, the authorities in charge of the Ministry of National Economy and the BCRA (Central Bank of Argentina) have implemented restrictive monetary policy measures, along with a process of debt transfer from the BCRA to the National Treasury. This included the repurchase by the BCRA of a large portion of the put options on public securities held by financial institutions.

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The comprehensive program pursued by the new Administration includes economic, legal, foreign relations, infrastructure and other reforms. On December 20, 2023, Emergency Decree No. 70/2023 was issued establishing a significant number of reforms regarding which different players filed constitutional protection actions in Court in order to stop them from being implemented. In addition, on July 8, 2024, Law 27,742, as enacted by the Federal Executive through Executive Decree No. 592/2024, was published on the Official Gazette, includes issues such as delegated powers to the Federal Executive, and tax, labor, and social security reforms, among others. As of the date of these financial statements, the referred law is pending regulation.

Additionally, the national and international macroeconomic context generates a certain degree of uncertainty regarding its future evolution with regard to the level of economic recovery at the global level.

For all of the above, the Entity’s Management permanently monitors the macro and local environment to determine the actions to adopt and identify potential impacts on the Entity’s assets and financial situation, which could be reflected in the financial statements of future periods.

2. Basis for the preparation of these financial statements and applicable accounting standards

2.1. Basis for preparation

2.1.1. Applicable Accounting Standards

These consolidated financial statements of the Bank were prepared in accordance with the financial reporting framework set forth by the BCRA (Communication “A” 6114 as supplemented by the BCRA). Except for the exceptions established by the BCRA which are explained in the following paragraph, such framework is based on IFRS Accounting Standards (International Financial Reporting Standards) as issued by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) and adopted by the Argentine Federation of Professionals Councils in Economic Sciences (FACPCE, for its acronym in Spanish). The abovementioned international standards include the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the interpretations developed by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) or former IFRIC (SIC).

Out of the exceptions set forth by the BCRA to the application of current IFRS Accounting Standards, the following affects the preparation of these consolidated financial statements:

Had the abovementioned paragraph 5.5. “Impairment” been applied in full, according to a global estimate made by the Entity, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, its shareholders’ equity would have been reduced by 5,104,941 and 20,384,548, respectively.

Except for what was mentioned in the previous paragraphs, the accounting policies applied by the Entity comply with the IFRS Accounting Standards that have been currently approved and are applicable in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the BCRA as per Communication “A” 8164. In general, the BCRA does not allow the early application of any IFRS Accounting Standards, unless otherwise specified.

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These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors of Banco BBVA Argentina S.A. on March 5, 2025.

2.1.2. Figures stated in thousands of pesos

These consolidated financial statements expose figures stated in thousands of Argentine pesos in terms of purchasing power as of December 31, 2024 and are rounded to the nearest amount in thousands of pesos.

The Entity and its subsidiaries consider the Argentine peso as their functional and presentation currency.

2.1.3. Presentation of Statement of Financial Position

The Entity presents its Statement of Financial Position in order of liquidity, according to the model set forth in Communication “A” 6324 of the BCRA.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are generally reported in gross figures in the Statement of Financial Position. They are offset and reported on a net basis only if there is a legal and unconditional right to offset them and Management has the intention to settle them on a net basis or to realize assets and settle liabilities simultaneously.

These consolidated financial statements were prepared on the basis of historical amounts, except for certain species which were valued at Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or at Fair Value through Profit or Loss. In addition, in the case of derivatives, both assets and liabilities were valued at Fair Value through profit or loss.

2.1.4. Comparative information

The Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, Income, Other Comprehensive Income, Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Cash Flows and the related Notes as of December 31, 2024 are presented comparatively with the previous fiscal year end.

The figures of comparative information have been restated in order to consider the changes in the general purchasing power of the currency and, as a result, are stated in the measuring unit current as of the end of the reporting year (see “Measuring unit” below).

2.1.5. Measuring Unit

These consolidated condensed interim financial statements as of December 31, 2024 have been restated to be expressed in the purchasing power currency as of that date, as set forth in IAS 29 “Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies” and considering, in addition, the particular rules issued by the BCRA in Communications “A” 6651, 6849, as amended and supplemented, which established that such method should be applied to financial statements for fiscal years starting on, and after January 1, 2020 and defined December 31, 2018 as transition date.

IFRS Accounting Standards require that the financial statements of an entity whose functional currency is that of a hyperinflationary economy be restated in constant currency. In order to achieve uniformity in the identification of such an economic environment, IAS 29 establishes (i) certain non-exclusive qualitative indicators consisting of analyzing the behavior of the population, prices, interest rates and salaries in view of the evolution of price indexes and the loss of purchasing power of the currency, and (ii) as a quantitative characteristic, which is the condition most commonly considered in practice, to verify whether the cumulative inflation rate in three years approaches or exceeds 100%. Due to several macroeconomic factors, three-year inflation was above this figure, while the national government's targets and other available projections indicate that this trend will not be reversed in the short term.

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Such restatement should be made as if the economy has always been hyperinflationary, using a general price index that reflects the changes in the purchasing power of currency. In order to make such restatements, a series of indexes prepared and published on a monthly basis by the Argentine Federation of Professional Councils of Economic Sciences (“FACPCE”), which combines the consumer price index (CPI) as from January 2017 (base month: December 2016) with the domestic wholesale price index (IPIM, as per its Spanish acronym) published by INDEC until such date, computing for November and December 2015, for which the INDEC did not published any information on the variation of the IPIIM, the variation of the CPI in the City of Buenos Aires.

Considering the index referred to above, inflation for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was 117.76% and 211.41%, respectively.

Below is a description of the main impacts of applying IAS 29 and the restatement process of financial statements set forth by Communication “A” 6849, as supplemented, of the BCRA:

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2.2. Basis for consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the Entity’s and its subsidiaries’ financial statements (the “Group”) as of December 31, 2024.

Subsidiaries are all entities controlled by the Bank. The Bank controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its continued involvement with the entity and has the ability to manage the operating and financial policies of that entity, in order to affect those returns.

This is generally observed in the case of an ownership interest representing more than 50% of its shares entitled to vote.

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However, under particular circumstances, the Entity may exercise control with an ownership interest below 50% or may not exercise control even with an ownership interest above 50% in the shares of an investee.

When assessing if an Entity has power over an investee and therefore, whether it controls the variability of its yields, the Entity considers all the relevant events and circumstances, including:

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated as from the date on which effective control thereof is transferred to the Entity and they are no longer consolidated as from the date on which such control ceases. These consolidated financial statements include the Entity’s and its subsidiaries’ assets, liabilities, profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income. Transactions among consolidated entities are fully eliminated.

Any change in the ownership interest in a subsidiary, without loss of control, is booked as an equity transaction. Conversely, if the Entity loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognizes the related assets (including goodwill), liabilities, non-controlling interest and other equity components, while any resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss, and any retained investment is recognized at fair value at the date of loss of control.

The financial statements of subsidiaries have been prepared as of the same date and for the same accounting periods as those of the Entity, using the related accounting policies consistently with those applied by the Entity. If necessary, the relevant adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries so that the accounting policies used by the Group are uniform.

Besides, non-controlling interests represent the portion of income or loss and shareholders’ equity that does not belong, either directly or indirectly, to the Entity. Non-controlling interests are exposed in these financial statements in a separate line in the Statements of Financial Position, of Income, Other Comprehensive Income and Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Entity has consolidated its financial statements with the financial statements of the following companies:

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As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Entity’s interest in consolidated companies is as follows:

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The Entity’s and its subsidiaries’ total assets, liabilities and equity as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:

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Offer for the acquisition of 50% of FCA Compañía Financiera S.A.

On December 18, 2024, the Bank accepted an offer from FIDIS S.P.A. to acquire 50% of FCA Compañía Financiera S.A.'s capital stock (“FCA CF”).

FCA CF is a finance company authorized by the BCRA's Board of Directors through Resolution No. 432, dated September 16, 1999, which is part of the Stellantis global automotive group, which is mainly engaged in providing financing to local residents of the private sector aimed at purchasing vehicles of the Fiat, Jeep and RAM brands. All of these goods are manufactured and/or sold by FCA Automobiles Argentina, S.A.

The acquisition of the shares and the payment of the price will be made after obtaining the authorization of the BCRA and all other applicable regulatory and antitrust authorizations (the “Closing”). The transaction price was initially estimated at about 14,823 million Argentine pesos based on the September 30, 2024 Financial Statements. However, under the terms of the offer, the price will be determined on the basis of the financial statements closest to the closing, and it will be subject to the usual subsequent adjustments in this type of transactions.

The Entity’s Board of Directors considers that there are no other companies or structured entities that should be included in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024.

Trusts

The Group acts as a trustee for financial, management and guarantee trusts (see Note 50). Upon determining if the Group controls the trusts, the Group has analyzed the existence of control, under the terms of IFRS 10. Consequently, how power is configured on the relevant activities of the vehicle, the impact of changes in returns over those Structured Entities on the Group, and the relation of both have been evaluated on a case-by-case basis. In all cases, it has been concluded that the Group acts as an agent and therefore does not consolidate those trusts.

Mutual funds

The Group acts as fund manager in various mutual funds (see Note 51). To determine whether the Group controls a mutual fund, the aggregate economic interest of the Group in such mutual fund (comprising any carried interests and expected management fees) is usually assessed, and it is considered that investors have no right to remove the fund manager without cause. The Group has concluded that it has no control over any of these mutual funds.

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2.3. Significant accounting policies

These consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 have been prepared in accordance with the financial reporting framework set forth by the BCRA mentioned in Note 2.1.1 “Applied accounting policies”.

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, in addition to what is explained in Notes 2.1.5 “Measuring Unit" and 2.5 "Regulatory changes made this year", the Entity has consistently applied the basis of presentation and consolidation, significant accounting policies and judgments, estimates and significant accounting assumptions described in the fiscal years presented in these consolidated financial statements, except as indicated in Note 2.5.

2.3.1. Going concern

The Entity's Management conducted an assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern and concluded that it has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, Management is not aware of any material uncertainties that may cast doubt on the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, these consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.

2.3.2. Foreign currency

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currency of Group entities at the spot exchange rates published by the BCRA at the date of the transactions.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the spot exchange rate at fiscal year-end.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the spot exchange rate at the date on which the fair value is determined. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange rate differences are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income in the line “Foreign exchange and gold gains/ (losses)”.

2.3.3. Cash and deposits in banks

The item “Cash and cash equivalents” includes cash and unrestricted balances kept with the BCRA and on-demand accounts held at local and foreign financial institutions.

Cash and cash equivalents are carried at amortized cost in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

2.3.4. Financial assets and liabilities

a) Recognition

The Group initially recognizes loans, deposits, debt securities issued and liabilities at the date of origination. All other financial instruments (including ordinary purchases and sales of financial assets) are recognized on the date of negotiation, that is to say, the date when the Group becomes part to contractual provisions of the instrument.

The Group recognizes purchases of financial instruments with the commitment of non-optional repurchase at a certain price (repos) as a financing granted in the line “Repo transactions” in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The difference between the purchase and sale prices of those instruments is recorded as interest accrued during the term of the transactions using the effective interest method.

Financial assets and liabilities are initially recognized at fair value. Instruments not measured at fair value through profit or loss are recognized at fair value plus (in the case of assets) or minus (in the case of liabilities) the transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset or the issuance of the liability.

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The transaction price is usually the best evidence of fair value at initial recognition.

However, if the Group determines that the fair value at initial recognition is different from the consideration received or paid, when the level of the fair value hierarchy is 1 or 2, the financial instrument is initially recognized at fair value and the difference is recognized in profit or loss. If the level of the fair value hierarchy at initial recognition is 3, the difference between the fair value and the consideration is deferred in the term of the instrument. The Group will recognize such deferred gain or loss only to the extent that it arises from a change in a factor (including time) that market participants would take into account in pricing the asset or liability.

b) Classification of financial assets

On initial recognition, financial assets are classified and measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVPL).

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions:

A financial asset is measured at fair value through OCI if it meets both of the following conditions:

For a financial asset measured at FVOCI, gains and losses are recognized in OCI, except for the following, which are recognized in profit or loss in the same manner as financial assets measured at amortized cost:

When a financial asset measured at FVOCI is derecognized, the accumulated gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss.

In the initial recognition of an equity instrument not held for trading, the Group may choose for each instrument individually to present changes in fair value in OCI. Gains and losses on such equity instruments are never reclassified to profit or loss and no impairment in profit or loss is recognized. Dividends are recognized in profit or loss unless they clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment, in which case they are recognized in OCI. Accrued gains and losses recognized in OCI are transferred to retained earnings at the time of disposition of an investment.

In the initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or FVOCI or FVPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting asymmetry that would otherwise arise.

All other financial assets are classified as measured at fair value through profit or loss. This category includes derivative financial instruments.

Business model assessment

The Group makes an assessment of the objective of a business model in which an asset is held at a portfolio level. The information considered includes:

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Financial assets that are held for trading or managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Assessment on whether cash flows are “solely payments of principal and interest” (SPPI test)

In the assessment of whether contractual cash flows are “solely payments of principal and interest”, ‘principal’ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risks associated with the outstanding principal amount. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains contractual terms that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition.

In performing such assessment, the Group considers:

Reclassifications

Financial assets are not reclassified after their initial recognition, except for a change in the Group's business models. Financial liabilities are not reclassified.

c) Classification of financial liabilities

The Group classifies its financial liabilities, other than derivatives, guarantees issued and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss as measured at amortized cost.

Financial instruments held for trading and derivatives are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities held for trading have been acquired or incurred primarily to be sold or repurchased in the short term, or are held as part of a portfolio which is jointly managed to make short-term profits or to take positions. Trade liabilities are initially recognized and then measured at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, with transaction costs being recognized through profit or loss. Changes in fair value are recognized through profit or loss as part of the net revenues from trading.

Financial guarantees are contracts that require the Group to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss that it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when it is due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

The debt from financial guarantees issued is initially recognized at fair value. The debt is subsequently measured at the higher of the amortized amount and the present value of any expected payment to settle the liability when a payment under the contract has become probable.

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The Group recognizes sales of financial instruments with the commitment of non-optional repurchase at a certain price (repos) as a financing received in the line “Repo transactions” in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The difference between the purchase and sale prices of those instruments is recorded as interest accrued during the term of the transactions using the effective interest method and is accounted for in the line "Interest expenses" in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

d) Measurement at amortized cost

The amortized cost of a financial asset or liability is the amount of its initial recognition less the capital reimbursements, plus or less the amortization, using the effective interest method, of any difference between the initial amount and the amount at maturity. In the case of financial assets, it also includes any impairment.

e) Changes in financial assets and liabilities

i) Financial assets

If the terms of a financial asset are changed, then the Group assesses whether the cash flows of the changed asset are substantially different.

If the cash flows are substantially different, then the contractual rights to the cash flows of the original financial asset are considered to have expired. In this case, the original financial asset is derecognized, and a new financial asset is recognized at its fair value plus any eligible transaction costs. Any fees received as part of the modification are accounted for as follows:

If cash flows are modified when the borrower is facing financial difficulties, then the purpose of the modification is usually to maximize the recovery of the original contractual terms rather than originating a new asset with substantially different terms. If the Group plans to modify a financial asset in a way that results in the forgiveness of cash flows, then it first considers whether a portion of the asset should be written off before the modification is carried out. This approach impacts the outcome of the quantitative assessment, and the derecognition criteria are generally not met in such cases.

If the modification of a financial asset measured at amortized cost or FVOCI does not result in the financial asset being derecognized from the accounts, then the Group first recalculates the gross carrying amount of the financial asset using the original effective interest rate of the asset and recognizes the resulting adjustment as a modification of gain or loss in profit or loss. For floating-rate financial assets, the original effective interest rate used to calculate the gain or loss of the modification is adjusted to reflect the current market terms at the time of the modification. Any costs or fees incurred, and fees received as part of the modification adjust the gross carrying amount of the modified financial asset and are amortized over the remaining term of the modified financial asset.

If such modification is carried out due to financial difficulties of the borrower, then the gain or loss is presented along with impairment losses. In other cases, it is presented as interest income calculated using the effective interest rate method.

ii) Financial Liabilities

The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at its fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the derecognized financial liability and the consideration paid is recognized in profit or loss. The consideration paid includes any non-financial assets transferred, if any, and the assumption of liabilities, including the new modified financial liability.

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If the modification of a financial liability is not accounted for as derecognition, then the amortized cost of the liability is recalculated by discounting the modified cash flows at the original effective interest rate, and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. For floating-rate financial liabilities, the original effective interest rate used to calculate the gain or loss on modification is adjusted to reflect the current market terms at the time of modification. Any costs and fees incurred are recognized as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the liability and are amortized over the remaining term of the modified financial liability by recalculating the effective interest rate of the instrument.

f) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

i) Financial Assets

The Group derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount of the asset (or the carrying amount allocated to the portion of the asset derecognized) and the sum of (i) the consideration received (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed) and (ii) any cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in OCI is recognised in profit or loss.

Any cumulative gain/loss recognised in OCI in respect of equity investment securities designated as at FVOCI is not recognised in profit or loss on derecognition of such securities. Any interest in transferred financial assets that qualify for derecognition that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or liability.

The Group enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its statement of financial position, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets or a portion of them. In such cases, the transferred assets are not derecognized. Examples of such transactions are securities lending and sale-and-repurchase transactions.

When assets are sold to a third party with a concurrent total rate of return swap on the transferred assets, the transaction is accounted for as a secured financing transaction similar to sale-and-repurchase transactions, because the Group retains all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of such assets.

In transactions in which the Group neither retains nor transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of a financial asset and it retains control over the asset, the Group continues to recognise the asset to the extent of its continuing involvement, determined by the extent to which it is exposed to changes in the value of the transferred asset.

In certain transactions, the Group retains the obligation to service the transferred financial asset for a fee. The transferred asset is derecognized if it meets the derecognition criteria. An asset or liability is recognised for the servicing contract if the servicing fee is more than adequate (asset) or is less than adequate (liability) for performing the servicing.

ii) Financial Liabilities

The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled, or expire.

g) Impairment of financial assets

By means of Communication “A” 6778, as amended, the BCRA established the adoption of the expected credit loss model set forth under paragraph 5.5. of IFRS 9 to calculate allowances for loan losses, excluding debt instruments issued by the non-financial government sector from the scope of such standard (“IFRS 9 as per BCRA”) for Group “A” institutions, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2020, with retroactive effects. The impact of the change in accounting policy was recognized in Unappropriated retained earnings as of January 1, 2019, which is the transition date. Until such date, the Entity applied the impairment model established by the BCRA pursuant to Communication "A" 2950 as amended, which requires the recognition of allowances for loan losses based on minimum guidelines established by the BCRA.

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As from January 1, 2020, the Bank recognizes the allowance for loan losses based on the expected credit loss model, for the following financial instruments that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss:

No impairment is recognized in respect of debt instruments issued by the non-financial government sector or in respect of equity instruments.

The IFRS 9 impairment model applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost and financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, except for investments in equity instruments. Additionally, all financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss are excluded from the impairment model.

The standard classifies financial instruments into three categories, which depend on the evolution of their credit risk from the moment of initial recognition. The first category includes the transactions with no significant increase in credit risk since their initial recognition and not impaired for which a 12-month ECL is recognised (Stage 1); the second comprises the financial assets for which a significant increase in credit risk has been identified since its initial recognition but which are not credit-impaired (Stage 2) for which a lifetime ECL is recognised; and the third category which is for impaired financial assets where one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred (Stage 3).

The calculation of provisions for credit risk in each of these three categories is carried out differently according to expected loss concepts:

All of this requires considerable judgment, both in modeling for the estimation of expected losses and in forecasts, on how economic factors affect such losses, which must be made on a weighted probability basis.

The Group has applied the following definitions in accordance with IFRS 9:

Definition of Default

It will be consider that a default can occur when one or both of the following conditions are met:

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Restructured financial assets (See Note 43.1.)

If the terms of a financial asset are renegotiated or amended, or if the financial asset is replaced with another one as a consequence of debtor's financial distress, then such financial asset will be assessed for derecognition, and an allowance for loan losses will be calculated as follows.

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting year end, the Group assesses assets measured at amortized cost and debt instruments (financial assets) measured at fair value through OCI for impairment. A financial asset is impaired when one or more events have occurred having a negative impact on the estimated cash flows from the financial asset.

Evidence that a financial asset is impaired includes the following observable inputs:

It may not be possible to identify a single discrete event. Instead, the combined effect of multiple events may cause financial assets to become credit-impaired.

The definition of impaired financial assets within the Group aligns with the default definition explained earlier.

Significant Increase in Credit Risk

The purpose of impairment requirements is to recognize ECLs for financial instruments for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, considering all reasonable and documented information, including prospective information.

The model developed by the Group to assess the significant increase in credit risk has a dual focus:

Additionally, instruments meeting any of the following main circumstances are classified as Stage 2 (Qualitative Criterion):

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Method for calculating ECLs

The measurement of ECLs should reflect:

The Group measures ECLs both individually and collectively.

For significantly impaired instruments, the amount of credit losses is calculated as the difference between the expected discounted cash flows at the effective interest rate of the transaction and the carrying amount of the instrument.

To determine which and how many clients need to be analyzed individually, the Group adopts the criterion defined by BBVA Group, which is a relative weight in terms of total risk over the total delinquency risk of the wholesale exposure and, in terms of total risk, over the total risk Watchlist of the wholesale exposure.

The scope of individual analysis is defined with the following criteria to analyze all clients with at least one asset past due and with total risk above the local threshold (30,000) or with at least one asset on the Watchlist with total risk above the local threshold (100,000), namely:

a) Stage 3 and Total Risk > 30,000;

b) Stage 2, Watchlist, and Total Risk > 100,000.

Default Exposure Threshold: The threshold is set in such a way that clients with total risk above this threshold are individually assessed for at least 40% of the total default risk of the wholesale portfolio.

Watchlist Exposure Threshold: The threshold is set in such a way that clients with total risk above this threshold are individually assessed for at least 20% of the total risk of the wholesale portfolio on the Watchlist.

For the collective measurement of expected losses, instruments are grouped into asset pools based on their risk characteristics. Exposure within each group is segmented according to common credit risk characteristics, which are indicative of the borrower's repayment ability in accordance with their contractual conditions. These risk characteristics must be relevant in estimating the future cash flows of each group. Credit risk characteristics may include, among others, the following factors:

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ECLs are derived from the following parameters:

Use of present, past, and future information.

ECLs require the integration of present, past, and future information to detect any significant increase in risk and measure the expected loss.

ECLs do not require the identification of all possible scenarios to measure the expected loss. However, it is also necessary to consider the probability of a loss event occurring and the probability of it not occurring, even if the likelihood of a loss may be very small. Additionally, when there is no linear relationship between the different future economic scenarios and their associated expected losses, more than one future economic scenario should be used for measurement.

The approach employed by the Group involves initially using the most probable scenario (base scenario) consistent with that used in the Group's internal management processes, and then applying an additional adjustment calculated by considering the weighted average of expected losses in other economic scenarios (a more positive and a more negative one). This adjustment is applied every six months, and the macro model is calibrated at least once a year. The primary macroeconomic variable in each of the scenarios is the Gross Domestic Product ("GDP").

Recognition of the allowance for expected credit losses

The allowance for expected credit losses is recognized as follows:

Measurement of expected credit losses (ECL)

IFRS 9 requires determining the ECL of a financial instrument in a way that reflects an unbiased estimate, the time value of money and a forward-looking perspective (including the economic forecast).

Therefore, the recognition and measurement of ECL is highly complex and involves the use of significant analysis and estimation including formulation and incorporation of forward-looking economic conditions into ECL.

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Risk parameters adjusted by macroeconomic scenarios

ECL must include forward-looking macroeconomic information. The Group uses the credit risk parameters probability of default (PD), loss-given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD) in order to calculate the ECL for the credit portfolios.

The Group´s methodological approach in order to incorporate the forward-looking information aims to determine the relation between macroeconomic variables and risk parameters following three main steps:

How economic scenarios are reflected in calculation of ECL

Based on economic theory and analysis, the macroeconomic variables most directly relevant for explaining and forecasting the selected risk parameters are:

The Group approximates these variables by using a proxy indicator from the set included in the macroeconomic scenarios provided by the economic research department.

Only a single specific indicator for each of the two variables can be used, and only core macroeconomic indicators should be selected as first choice: for a) using Real GDP Growth can be seen as the single sufficient “factor” required for capturing the influence of all potentially relevant macro-financial scenario on internal PDs; for b) using the most representative short term interest rate or exchange rates expressed in real terms.

Real GDP growth is given priority over any other indicator not only because it is the most comprehensive indicator of income and economic activity, but also because it is the central variable in the generation of macroeconomic scenarios.

Multiple scenario approach under IFRS 9

IFRS 9 requires calculating an unbiased probability weighted measurement of ECL by evaluating a range of possible outcomes, including forecasts of future economic conditions.

The BBVA Research team produces forecasts of macroeconomic variables under a baseline scenario, which are used in the rest of the related processes of the Group, such as budgeting, the internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP), risk appetite framework and stress testing.

Additionally, the BBVA Research team produces alternative scenarios to the baseline scenario so as to meet the requirements under the IFRS 9 standard.

Alternative macroeconomic scenarios

For each of the macroeconomic variables (GDP or interest rate or exchange rate), the BBVA Research team produces three scenarios.

Each of these scenarios corresponds to the expected value of a different area of the probabilistic distribution of the possible projections of the economic variables.

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The approach of the Group consists in using the scenario that is the most likely scenario, which is the baseline scenario, consistent with the rest of internal processes (ICAAP, Budgeting) and then applying upside and downside scenarios by taking into account the weighted average of the ECL determined by each of the scenarios.

It is important to note that, in general, it is expected that the effect of the adjustment due to the application of multiple scenarios will increase the ECL. It is possible that the referred adjustment does not have that effect, whenever the relationship between macro scenarios and losses is linear, however, it is not expected to reduce the ECL.

h) Derecognitions

Loans are derecognized (partially or totally) when there are no realistic expectations of recovery. This is generally the case when the Group determines that the borrower has no assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to write-off. This assessment is carried out at the individual asset level.

Recoveries of previously written-off amounts are included in "impairment of financial assets" in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Financial assets that have been written off may still be subject to enforcement activities to comply with the Group's procedures for recovering outstanding amounts.

i) Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and their net amount is disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position if, and only if, the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset the amounts recognized and the intention to settle them on a net basis, or the intention to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Revenues and expenses are disclosed on a net basis only to the extent permitted by the IFRS, or otherwise to reflect profits or losses arising from a group of similar transactions.

2.3.5. Investments in equity instruments

Investments in equity instruments for which the Group has no control, joint control or a significant influence are measured at fair value through profit or loss or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as per the business model elected for each case.

2.3.6. Investments in associates

An associate is an entity over which the Group has a significant influence but no control or joint control over financial and operating policies. Significant influence is presumed to exist when the Group holds between 20 and 50 percent of the voting power of another entity. A joint venture is an agreement whereby the Group has joint control, that is to say, the Group has a right over the net assets, rather than over the assets and liabilities, of the agreement.

Interests in associates are accounted for using the equity method. They are initially recognized at cost, which includes transaction costs. After initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include the Group's share in the profit or loss and OCI of investments accounted for using the equity method, until the date when the significant influence or joint control cease.

When the Group's share of losses exceeds its interest in an associate accounted for under the equity method, the carrying amount of such interest, including long-term investments, is written down to zero, without recognizing additional losses, except to the extent the Group has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee.

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2.3.7. Property and equipment

Property and equipment items are measured at restated cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost includes the spot purchase price and expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating as intended by Management.

As of the transition date to IFRS, January 1, 2017, the Group considered the fair value of its real properties as of such date determined through technical appraisals as their attributed cost.

If significant parts of a property and equipment item have different useful lives, such parts are recognized as separate items (main components) of property and equipment.

Gains or losses from the disposal of a property and equipment item are carried at net amounts under Other income in the Statement of Income.

Subsequent expenses are only capitalized if they are likely to provide future economic benefits for the Group. Repairs and maintenance in progress are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method during the estimated useful lives of the assets and is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income under “Asset depreciation and impairment.” The estimated useful lives of significant property and equipment items are as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if necessary.

As a non-monetary asset, this item was adjusted for inflation.

2.3.8. Leases

IFRS 16 introduces a single lessee accounting model, requiring that lessees recognize a right of use of the leased asset and a lease liability representing the obligation to make lease payments. The Entity has opted to apply the exceptions related to the recognition of short-term leases and leases where the underlying asset is of low value.

As to the lessor's accounting, and according to IFRS 16, lessors continue classifying leases as operating or finance, and each of them is recognized differently.

The Group recognizes the right of use as an asset and the lease liability as a liability, mainly related to the leases of offices in its branch network (Note 25).

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Entity has not entered into agreements related to variable lease payments. As of such date, there are no leases that have not yet commenced, pursuant to which the Entity has undertaken commitments, and which enter into force in subsequent years.

Below is a detail of the related accounting policies:

Contracts that contain a lease

At the contract inception, the Group evaluates whether a contract is, or contains a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

As a lessor

When the Group acts as a lessor, at lease inception, it determines whether it is a finance or an operating lease.

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To classify each lease, the Group evaluates if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease, otherwise, it is an operating lease.

In a finance lease, the leased asset is derecognized and recognized as a receivable for an amount equivalent to the net investment in the lease under “Loans and other financing.”

Lease payments included in the measurement of the net investment are as follows:

Collections received under a finance lease are broken down into interest and the reduction of the net investment in the lease. Interest is recognized over the lease term applying an effective interest rate. Contingent leases are not considered in determining the net investment in the lease.

In an operating lease, the leased asset (generally investment properties) is not derecognized, and the collection received is recognized as revenues applying the straight line method.

As a lessee

The Group recognizes a right of use asset and a lease liability at the commencement date. The right of use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle or restore the underlying asset, less any incentives received.

The right of use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the expiration of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that were not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in a rate or index, if there is a change in the Group´s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee or if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or early termination option.

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When the lease liability is remeasured, the relevant adjustment is made to the right of use asset.

US dollar-denominated lease liabilities are converted into functional currency at the spot exchange rate as of the reporting date. Exchange gains or losses resulting from conversion are recognized in profit or loss.

The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of low-value assets and short-term leases, including IT equipment. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense, on a straight-line basis during the lease term.

2.3.9. Intangible assets

Intangible assets include the information systems restated costs of acquisition and implementation, which are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and impairments, if any.

Subsequent disbursements related to information systems are only capitalized if the economic benefits of the related asset increase. All other expenses are recognized as a loss as incurred.

Information systems are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life of 5 years, and their amortization is recognized in “Asset depreciation and impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Amortization methods, as well as the useful life assigned are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if applicable.

As a non-monetary asset, this item was adjusted for inflation.

2.3.10. Other non-financial assets

Investment properties

Investment properties are measured at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost includes the spot purchase price and expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating as intended by Management.

Any gain or loss from the disposal of investment property (calculated as the difference between net revenues from the disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognized in profit or loss.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method during the estimated useful lives of the assets and is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income under “Depreciation and impairment.”

Depreciation methods and useful lives are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if necessary.

When the use of a given property changes such that it is reclassified to property and equipment, its fair value as of the reclassification date becomes the cost at which the asset will be subsequently recognized.

As a non-monetary asset, this item was adjusted for inflation.

For the purposes of the depreciation calculation, the guidelines described in 2.3.7. are followed.

Assets acquired as security for loans

Assets acquired as security for loans are measured at fair value at the date on which the Entity becomes the owner thereof, and any differences with the accounting balance of the related loan are recognized in profit or loss. The subsequent valuation will be based on the acquired asset.

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Rest of other nonfinancial assets

Other nonfinancial assets (prepaid expenses, advances to employees, tax prepayments, prepayments for the purchase of goods, etc.) are booked when the right to collect or receive consideration is earned and are valued at amortized cost less impairment losses.

2.3.11. Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale, if it is highly likely that they will be recovered, mainly through their sale, which is estimated to occur within 12 months following the date of their classification as such.

These assets or group of assets is generally measured at the lower of their carrying amount and their fair value less the cost of disposal.

When a property and equipment item is classified as “non-current assets held for sale,” depreciation is no longer applied.

2.3.12. Impairment of non-financial assets

At least at each reporting date, the Group assesses whether there are indications that a non-financial asset may be impaired (except deferred tax assets). If there is such an indication, the asset's recoverable value is estimated.

For the impairment test, assets are grouped into the smallest group of assets generating cash inflows from their continuous use, which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or other cash generating units (CGU).

The “recoverable value” of an asset or CGU is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less the cost of sale. The “value in use” is based on estimated cash flows, discounted at their present value using the pre-tax interest rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.

If the accounting balance of an asset (or CGU) is higher than its recoverable value, the asset (or CGU), is considered impaired and its carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable value and the difference is recognized in profit or loss.

Reversal of an impairment loss for goodwill is prohibited. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent the accounting value of the assets does not exceed the value they would have had if the impairment had not been recognized.

2.3.13. Provisions

The Group recognizes a provision if, as a result of a past event, there is a legal or implied obligation for an amount that can be reliably estimated and it is likely that an outflow of resources will be required to settle such obligation.

To assess provisions, the existing risks and uncertainties were considered, taking into consideration the opinion of the Group's external and/or internal legal advisors. Based on the analysis carried out, the Group recognizes a provision for the amount considered as the best estimate of the potential expense necessary to settle the present obligation at each year-end date.

The provisions recognized by the Group are reviewed at each year-end date and adjusted to reflect the best estimate available.

2.3.14. Personnel benefits

a) Short-term personnel benefits

Short-term personnel benefits are recognized in profit or loss when the employee provides the related service. A provision is recognized if the Group has the legal or implied obligation as a result of past services provided by the employee, to pay an amount that can be reliably estimated.

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b) Other long-term personnel benefits

The Group's obligation in relation to long-term personnel benefits is equivalent to the amount of the future benefit the employees have earned in exchange for services provided during the reporting and prior years. The benefit is discounted at present value. Changes in the measurement of the obligation are recognized in profit or loss.

c) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are accounted for as an expense at the earlier of the following dates: when the Group can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the Group recognizes restructuring costs. If benefits are not expected to be settled in full within the 12 months subsequent to the reporting date, then such benefits are discounted.

2.3.15. Share Capital and capital adjustments

The “Share Capital” is exposed at its nominal value, in accordance with regulations in force, and the difference with its restated amount is presented in the supplementary account “Capital adjustments”.

Incremental transaction costs directly attributable to the issuance of common shares are recognized as a reduction in the contributions received, net of the related income tax.

2.3.16. Interest income and expenses

Interest income and expenses are recognized in profit or loss using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate is the rate whereby the contractual payment and collection cash flows are discounted during the expected lifetime of the financial instrument at the book value of the financial asset or liability.

The calculation of the effective interest rate includes transaction costs, commissions and other items paid or received that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. Transaction costs include incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of a financial asset or the issuance of a financial liability.

The “amortized cost” of a financial asset or liability is the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus cumulative amortization, using the effective interest method of any difference between the initial amount and the amount at maturity and, for financial assets, adjusted for any expected credit loss provision.

The “gross carrying amount of a financial asset” is the amortized cost of a financial asset before adjustments to reflect the expected credit loss provision.

In calculating interest income and expenses, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit impaired) or to the amortized cost of the liability.

However, for credit-impaired financial assets after initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit impaired, then interest income is again calculated on a gross basis.

Interest income and expenses presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income include interest on:

2.3.17. Commission income and expenses

This item includes commission income from transactions with customers, primarily related to maintenance and administration commissions in respect of checking accounts, savings accounts, credit cards, custody of securities and exchange transactions.

Commissions, fees and similar items that are part of a financial asset or liability's effective interest rate are included in the measurement of the effective interest rate.

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The breakdown of commission income and expenses is presented in Note 29 and 30 to these financial statements.

All other commission income items are recognized when the related services are rendered:

Commission expenses are recognized in income or loss when the related service is received.

2.3.18. Current and deferred income tax

Income tax expense for each period includes the current income tax and deferred income tax and is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to an item recognized in OCI or directly in shareholders’ equity.

a) Current tax

Current income tax includes the income tax payable, or advances made during the year and any adjustment payable or receivable related to previous years. The amount of the current tax payable (or to be recovered) is the best estimate of the amount that is expected to be paid (or to be recovered) measured at the applicable rate at the year-end date.

b) Deferred tax

Deferred income tax recognizes the tax effect of temporary differences between the accounting balances of the assets and liabilities and the related tax bases used to assess taxable income.

Deferred tax is not recognized on:

A deferred tax liability is recognized for the tax effect of all taxable temporary differences.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for the tax effect of unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences, insofar as it is likely that future taxable income will be generated against which such temporary differences can be applied. Future taxable income is determined on the basis of the Bank’s and its subsidiaries’ business plans. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each year-end date, and are reduced to the extent the associated tax benefits are no longer expected to be realized. Such reductions are reversed as future taxable income is more likely to be generated.

Deferred tax assets that have not been recognized will be reassessed at each year-end date and will be recognized insofar as it is likely that the Entity will have future taxable income against which such assets can be applied.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates expected to be applied upon reversal of the temporary differences, using enacted or substantially enacted tax rates at year-end.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences of the manner in which the Group expects to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities at year-end.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities can be offset only if certain criteria are met.

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2.3.19. Segment reporting

An operating segment is a component of the Group engaged in business activities from which it can generate revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses related to transactions with any other components of the Group. The operating results of these segments are periodically reviewed by the highest operational decision-making authority to make decisions about the resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. Discrete financial information is available for such segment.

The results of segments reported to the highest operational decision-making authority include items that are directly attributable to a segment, as well as those that may be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items mainly consist of corporate assets (primarily the Bank's headquarters), central office expenses, and tax assets and liabilities.

2.3.20. Customer Loyalty Program

The loyalty program offered by the Bank involves accumulating points generated from purchases made with credit cards, which may be exchanged for any available reward on the program platform.

The Bank has a benefit program in place, whereby it offers points to individual customers, which can be exchanged for different products and/or services. While the program is managed by the Bank, it has concluded that it is acting as an agent in relation to the points and consequently, the allocated transaction price consists only of the commission on the amounts paid to the principal.

The Bank concluded that the rewards to be granted create a separate performance obligation. Therefore, at the end of each fiscal year, the Bank recognized a provision for the rewards to be granted under the item "Other Liabilities."

2.4. Accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of these consolidated condensed financial statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards requires the preparation and consideration, by the Entity’s and its subsidiaries’ Management, of significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions that impact in the reported balances of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, as well as in the determination and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the end of the reporting year.

The entries made are based on the best estimate of the probability of occurrence of different future events. In this sense, the uncertainties associated with the estimates and assumptions adopted may result in the future in final results that would differ from such estimates and require significant adjustments to the reported balances of the assets and liabilities affected. Accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and their effect is recognized prospectively.

2.4.1. Judgments

The information about judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is described in Note 2.2. Determination of the “Basis of consolidation” regarding the existence of control of other entities and Note 2.3. “Significant accounting policies” under the following headings:

2.4.2. Assumptions and estimations of uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation of uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to these consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

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2.4.3. Measurements at fair value

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The most objective and usual reference of the fair value of a financial asset or liability is the price that would be paid in an orderly, transparent and deep market, that is to say, its quoted or market price.

If it is not possible to obtain a market price, a fair value is determined using best market practice valuation techniques, such as cash flows discount based on a yields curve for the same class and type of instrument, or if there is no market curve with the same characteristics of the bond, the fair value is calculated considering the latest market price plus interest accrued until the valuation date (whichever is more representative for the security).

In line with the accounting standard, a three-level classification of financial instruments is established. This classification is mainly based on the observability of the inputs used to calculate that fair value, defining the following levels:

2.5. Regulatory changes introduced during this fiscal year

In the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2024, the following amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards became effective, which have not had a significant impact on these consolidated financial statements taken as a whole:

Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of current and noncurrent liabilities with covenants

In January 2020 and October 2022, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements specifying the requirements to classify liabilities as current or non-current. The amendments clarify: (i) what it mean by a right to defer settlement; (ii) That a right to defer must exist at the end of the reporting period; (iii) that such classification is unaffected by the likelihood that an entity will exercise its right to defer; (iv) that only if an embedded derivative in a convertible liability is itself an equity instrument would the terms of a liability do not affect its classification; and (v) disclosures.

The IASB decided that if an entity's right to defer payment of a liability is subject to an entity’s compliance with the required covenants only at a date subsequent to the reporting period ("future covenants"), the entity has the right to defer payment of the liability even if the entity had not been compliant at the end of the reporting period.

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The amendments also clarify that the requirement of the right to exist at the end of the reporting period applies to covenants that the entity must comply with at the reporting date or earlier, regardless of whether compliance is evidenced at that date or at a later date.

Amendment to IFRS 16 – Lease liability in a sale and leaseback.

In September 2022, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 16, specifically on the requirements that a lessee-seller uses to measure the lease liability arising in a sale and leaseback transaction, to ensure that the lessee-seller does not recognize any amount of gain or loss that relates to the right-of-use. The application of these requirements will not prevent the lessee-seller from recognizing, in profit or loss, any gain or loss related to the partial or total termination of a lease. The amendment does not prescribe specific measurement requirements for lease liabilities arising from a subsequent lease. The initial measurement of lease liabilities arising from a subsequent lease may result in the seller-lessee determining 'lease payments' that are different from the general definition of lease payments. The seller-lessee should develop and apply an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable in accordance with IAS 8.

Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 - Disclosures: Supplier Finance Arrangements

In May 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 7 “Statement of Cash Flows” and IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures”, which specify the information requirements to be disclosed to enhance the current requirements, the purpose of which is helping financial statement users to understand the effects of supplier finance agreements on the entity’s liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk.

These amendments require an entity to provide information about the impact of supplier finance arrangements on liabilities and cash flows, including the terms and conditions of those arrangements, the quantitative information on liabilities related to those arrangements at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the type and effect of non-cash changes in the carrying amounts of those arrangements. The information on those arrangements is required to be aggregated unless the individual arrangements have dissimilar or unique terms and conditions. In the context of the quantitative liquidity risk disclosures required by IFRS 7, supplier finance arrangements are included as an example of other factors that might be relevant to disclose.

2.6. New pronouncements

Pursuant to Communication “A” 6114 issued by the BCRA, as the new IFRS Accounting Standards are approved, or the current IFRS are modified or repealed and, once such changes are adopted by the Argentine Federation of Professional Councils of Economic Sciences (FACPCE) by means of Notices of Adoption, the BCRA shall issue a statement announcing its approval for financial institutions. In general, the early application of any new IFRS Accounting Standards is not permitted, unless specifically permitted at the time of adoption.

The standards and interpretations applicable to the Entity, issued but ineffective as of the date of these consolidated financial statements are exposed below. The Entity will adopt these standards, if applicable, when they are effective. The Entity is evaluating the effects these standards may have on the financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of exchangeability

In August 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 21 relating to the “Lack of exchangeability”. The amendment to IAS 21 specifies how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable and how it should determine a spot exchange rate when interchangeability is lacking. A currency is considered to be exchangeable for another currency when an entity is able to obtain the other currency without undue delay and through markets or exchange mechanisms that create enforceable rights and obligations. If a currency is not exchangeable for another currency, an entity is required to estimate the spot exchange rate at the measurement date. An entity's purpose in estimating the spot rate is to reflect the rate at which an orderly exchange transaction would take place at the measurement date between market participants under prevailing economic conditions. The amendments state that an entity may use an unadjusted observable exchange rate or other estimation technique.

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When an entity estimates a spot exchange rate because a currency is not exchangeable for another currency, it should disclose information that enables users of the financial statements to understand how the fact of that currency not being interchangeable affects, the entity's performance, financial position and cash flows. These amendments will be effective from January 1, 2025.

IFRS 18 - Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements

In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements”, which addresses the format for the presentation of profit or loss in financial statements, performance measures defined by management and aggregation/disaggregation of disclosures. This standard will replace IAS 1 and is effective from January 1, 2027. The Entity is evaluating the effects that this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 - Classification and measurement of financial instruments

In May 2024, the IASB issued amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments, which:

These amendments are effective from January 1, 2026.

Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards

In July 2024, the IASB published Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards - Volume 11. Below is a summary of the amendments made:

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These amendments are effective from January 1, 2026. The Entity is evaluating the effects these amendments may have on the financial statements.

2.7. Transcription to the books

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, they are in the process of being transcribed to the Book of Balance Sheets for Publication and result. In addition, the entries corresponding to October, November and December 2024 are in the process of being transcribed to the general ledger book, in accordance with applicable laws in force.

3. Cash and deposits in banks

The breakdown in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and the balance of cash and cash equivalents calculated for the purposes of the preparation of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is as follows:

The balances of Cash and deposits in banks as of December 31, 2022 amounted to 2,009,234,740.

Analysis of the evolution of financing activities

The following table provides a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances of the main liabilities arising from financing activities:

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4. Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss

Breakdown is as follows:

A breakdown of this information is provided in Exhibit A.

5. Derivative instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the group carried out foreign currency forward transactions with daily or upon-maturity settlement of differences, with no delivery of the underlying asset, interest rate swap transactions and options. These transactions do not qualify as hedging pursuant to IFRS 9 - “Financial Instruments”.

The aforementioned instruments are measured at fair value and were recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position in the item “Derivative instruments”. Changes in fair values were recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income in “Net income from measurement of financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss”.

Breakdown is as follows:

Assets

(1) On July 18, 2024, the Bank undertook the bidding process for terminating the liquidity options related to government securities issued by the BCRA and existing in the Bank’s portfolio (Communiqués “B” 12,847 and “A” 7,546). As a result of such process, put options for a face value of 546,974,473,392 were delivered.

Liabilities

The notional amounts of the forward transactions and foreign currency forwards, stated in US Dollars (US$) and in Euros as applicable, as well as the base value of interest rate swaps and put options taken are reported below:

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6. Repo transactions and surety bonds

Breakdown is as follows:

Reverse repurchase transactions and surety bonds

Repurchase transactions and surety bonds

No repurchase transactions or surety bonds were accounted for as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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7. Other financial assets

Breakdown is as follows:

On March 18, 2022, the transfer of all the remaining shareholding of the Bank in Prisma Medios de Pago S.A. was consummated for a price of US$ 40,038,122. Such amount will be paid as follows: (i) 30% in Pesos adjustable by CER (UVA) at an annual nominal rate of 15% and (ii) 70% in US Dollars at an annual nominal rate of 10% within a term of six years.

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8. Loans and other financing

The Group holds loans and other financing under a business model intended to collect contractual cash flows. Therefore, the Group measures loans and other financing at amortized cost. Breakdown is as follows:

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The Group as lessor entered into finance lease agreements related to vehicles and machinery and equipment. The following table shows the total gross investment in the finance leases (lease-purchase agreement) and the current value of the minimum collections to be received thereunder: