Share-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

The Company issues share-based awards through several plans that are described in detail in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. The compensation cost charged against income for those plans is included in selling, general & administrative expenses as follows (in thousands):

The total income tax benefit recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for share-based compensa‐tion arrangements was approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Common Stock Grants

The compensation expense for common stock granted during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, was determined based on the market price of the shares on the date of grant.

Stock Option Grants

The following is a summary of stock option activity under all plans for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025:

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the total intrinsic value of all options exercised (i.e., the difference between the market price and the price paid by the employees to exercise the options) was approximately $1.5 million and $652 thousand, respectively, and the total amount of consideration received by the Company from the exercised options was approximately $318 thousand and $160 thousand, respectively. At its discretion, the Company allows option holders to surrender previously owned common stock in lieu of paying the exercise price and withholding taxes. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, 748 shares were surrendered at an average market price of $282.42. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, 653 shares were surrendered at an average market price of $162.93.

Restricted Stock Unit awards

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025:

At the Company’s discretion, upon vesting, RSU holders are given the option to net-share settle to cover the required minimum withholding tax and the remaining amount is converted into the equivalent number of common shares and issued to the RSU holder. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, 18,142 and 21,914 shares were surrendered at an average market price of $215.60 and $216.80, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $16.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense that is expected to be recognized over a period of 3 years.