v3.25.1
Income taxes
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [abstract]  
Disclosure of income tax [text block]
12 INCOME AND SOCIAL CONTRIBUTION TAXES
The Company calculates income tax and social contribution taxes, current and deferred, based on the following rates: (i) 15% plus an additional 10% on taxable income in excess of R$240 for IRPJ; and (ii) 9% for CSLL, on the net income. Balances are recognized in the Company's income on an accrual basis.
Subsidiaries domiciled in Brazil have their taxes calculated and provisioned in accordance with the current legislation and their specific tax regime, including, in some cases, the presumed profit method. Subsidiaries domiciled abroad are subject to taxation in their respective jurisdictions, according to local regulations.
Deferred income and social contribution taxes are recognized at the net amounts in non-current assets or liabilities.
In Brazil, Law nº. 12,973/14 revoked article 74 of Provisional Measure nº. 2,158/01 and determines that the parcel of the adjustment of the value of the investment in subsidiaries, direct and indirect, domiciled abroad, equivalent to the profit earned by them before income tax, except for exchange rate variation, must be added in the determination of taxable income and the social contribution calculation basis of the controlling entity domiciled in Brazil, at each year ended.
The Company management believes in the validity of the provisions of international treaties entered by Brazil to avoid double taxation. In order to ensure its right to non-double taxation, the Company filed a lawsuit in April 2019, which aims to exempt the double taxation in Brazil, of profits earned by its subsidiary located in Austria, according to Law No. 12,973/14. Due to the preliminary injunction granted in favor of the Company in the aforementioned lawsuit, the Company decided not to add the profit from Suzano International Trading GmbH, located in Austria, when determining its taxable income and social contribution basis of the net profit of the Company for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. There is no provision for tax related to the non-double taxation profits of such subsidiary in 2025. Disclosures about uncertain tax positions for income tax and social contribution (IFRIC 23) are presented in Note 20.2.
12.1 Deferred taxes
12.1.1 Deferred income and social contribution taxes
03/31/202512/31/2024
Tax loss carried forward796,552 796,831 
Negative tax basis of social contribution carried forward304,015 307,143 
Assets - temporary differences
Provision for judicial liabilities308,825 324,873 
Operating provisions330,443 515,779 
Provisions for other losses563,416 547,242 
Employee benefit plans248,211 245,331 
Exchange rate variations 5,381,844 7,385,034 
Derivatives losses (“MtM”)(1)
1,017,165 2,230,835 
Amortization of fair value adjustments arising from business combinations624,513 625,745 
Unrealized profit on inventories423,772 539,157 
Leases (1)
542,608 606,944 
10,541,364 14,124,914 
 Liabilities - temporary differences
Goodwill - tax benefit on unamortized goodwill1,661,945 1,589,887 
Property, plant and equipment - deemed cost1,050,988 1,066,883 
Depreciation for tax-incentive reason (2)
717,303 733,640 
Capitalized loan costs938,284 947,482 
Fair value of biological assets1,237,672 1,317,095 
Deferred taxes, net of fair value adjustments 335,034 342,141 
Tax credits - gains from tax lawsuit (exclusion of ICMS from the PIS and COFINS basis)129,893 137,928 
Provision of deferred taxes on results of subsidiaries abroad33,476  
Other temporary differences4,823 18,439 
6,109,418 6,153,495 
Non-current assets4,431,946 7,984,015 
Non-current liabilities 12,596 
(1)The Company presents a net balance of derivatives and leases, as gains and losses from deferred taxes are offset simultaneously. For the derivatives line, the passive temporary difference was R$1,396,134 and asset temporary difference of R$2,413,299 (passive temporary difference was R$1,321,614 and asset temporary difference of R$3,552,449 as of December 31, 2024). For the lease line, the passive temporary difference was R$1,741,146 and asset temporary difference was R$2,283,754 (passive temporary difference was R$1,763,847 and asset temporary difference was R$2,370,791 as of December 31, 2024).
(2)Tax depreciation is taken as a benefit only in the income tax calculation bases.
12.1.2 Breakdown of accumulated tax losses and social contribution tax losses carried forward
 03/31/202512/31/2024
Tax loss carried forward3,186,208 3,187,324 
Negative tax basis of social contribution carried forward3,377,944 3,412,700 
12.1.3 Roll-forward of deferred tax assets
03/31/202512/31/2024
Opening balance7,971,419 533,836 
Tax loss carried forward(279)(413,137)
Negative tax basis of social contribution carried forward(3,128)(149,887)
Provision for judicial liabilities(16,048)715 
Operating provisions and other losses(166,282)93,545 
Exchange rate variation (2,003,190)5,000,881 
Derivative (gains) losses (“MtM”)(1,213,670)2,908,925 
Amortization of fair value adjustments arising from business combinations 5,875 193 
Unrealized profit on inventories(115,385)387,579 
Leases(64,336)250,834 
Goodwill - tax benefit on unamortized goodwill(72,058)(288,233)
Property, plant and equipment - deemed cost15,895 70,600 
Depreciation accelerated for tax-incentive reason 16,337 66,217 
Capitalized loan costs9,198 (307,419)
Fair value of biological assets79,423 (201,663)
Deferred taxes on the results of subsidiaries abroad(33,476) 
Credits on exclusion of ICMS from the PIS/COFINS tax base8,035 12,763 
Other temporary differences13,616 5,670 
Closing balance4,431,946 7,971,419 
12.2 Reconciliation of the effects of income tax and social contribution on profit or loss
03/31/202503/31/2024
Net income (loss) before taxes9,955,248(487,822)
Income tax and social contribution benefit (expense) at statutory nominal rate of 34%(3,384,784)165,859
Tax effect on permanent differences
Impact of the taxation difference on profit of associates in Brazil and abroad (1)
(283,517)510,772
Equity method(5,806)(3,368)
Credit related to Reintegra Program2,9122,038
Director bonuses(11,912)(3,842)
Tax incentives (Note 12.3)67,80211,315
Donations/Fines – Other8,23525,080
(3,607,070)707,854
Income tax
Current(57,542)(90,923)
Deferred(2,592,733)605,999
(2,650,275)515,076
Social Contribution
Current(9,558)(23,431)
Deferred(947,237)216,209
(956,795)192,778
Income and social contribution benefits (expenses) on the period(3,607,070)707,854
(1)The difference in the taxation of subsidiaries is substantially due to the differences between the nominal tax rates in Brazil and those of subsidiaries located abroad.
12.3 Tax incentives
The Company benefits from a tax incentive for partial reduction of the income tax obtained from operations carried out in areas under the jurisdiction of the Northeast Development Superintendence (“SUDENE”) and the Superintendence of Amazon Development (“SUDAM”). The IRPJ reduction incentive is calculated based on the activity profits (exploitation profits) and considers the allocation of the operating profit based on the incentive production levels for each product.
Area/RegionsCompanyMaturity
Northeast Development Superintendence (“SUDENE”)


Aracruz (ES)

Portocel2030
Aracruz (ES)

Suzano2031
Imperatriz (MA)

Suzano2032
Mucuri (BA)

Suzano2032
São Luís (MA)

Itacel2033
Eunápolis (BA)
Veracel2033
Superintendence of Amazon Development (“SUDAM”)


Belém (PA)

Suzano2025
12.4 OECD PILLAR TWO MODEL RULES
In December 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) announced the guidelines for the Pillar Two model, aiming for a reform in international corporate taxation to ensure that multinational economic groups, covered by such regulations, contribute an effective minimum tax at a rate of 15% on profits. Each country's effective profit tax rate, as calculated by this model, is called the GloBE (Global Anti-Base Erosion Rules) effective tax rate. These rules await approval in the local legislation of each country. In the context of Suzano, compliance with OECD guidelines on international taxation is a strategic priority.
Many countries have already released legislation or plans on the adoption of Pillar Two rules and the calculation of GloBE revenue, considering the global minimum rate of 15% for multinationals with consolidated revenue above EUR750 million.
Since 2024, the Company has been subject to these new rules in certain European jurisdictions where it operates, with Austria standing out as a relevant operation.
And as of 2025, the Company is subject to the Additional Social Contribution on Net Income (CSLL), which is the Brazilian legislation's response to the GloBE rules and affects business groups with an IRPJ and CSLL tax burden of less than 15% in Brazil.
Based on the calculations performed under the GloBE Simplifying Transition Rules (RSGT), no impact on the financial statements is anticipated in relation to this matter.
The Company reaffirms its commitment to tax compliance and will continue to carry out the necessary actions to ensure the proper implementation of the new rule in the jurisdictions where it operates, in line with global best practices and current legislation.