Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of tax, by component for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:



(in millions)	Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)		Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges		Gain (Loss) on Net Investment and Fair Value Hedges		Pension Liability Gain (Loss)		Total

Balance, net of tax, at December 31, 2024	$	(619)	$	(10)	$	(70)	$	(31)	$	(730)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and tax impact	75		—		(21)		—		54
Tax expense	12		—		5		—		17
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, before reclassifications	87		—		(16)		—		71
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—
Net (decrease) increase in other comprehensive income	87		—		(16)		—		71


Balance, net of tax, at March 31, 2025	$	(532)	$	(10)	$	(86)	$	(31)	$	(659)


(in millions)	Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)		Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges		Gain (Loss) on Net Investment and Fair Value Hedges		Pension Liability Gain (Loss)		Total

Balance, net of tax, at December 31, 2023	$	(473)	$	(13)	$	(107)	$	(43)	$	(636)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and tax impact	(34)		—		42		—		8
Tax benefit	(28)		—		(10)		—		(38)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, before reclassifications	(62)		—		32		—		(30)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in other comprehensive income	(62)		—		32		—		(30)
Balance, net of tax, at March 31, 2024	$	(535)	$	(13)	$	(75)	$	(43)	$	(666)