In conjunction with our plan to restructure and optimize our manufacturing footprint while reducing our concentration risk in the PRC, we stopped all production activities and began to shut down our southwestern China factory beginning in the third quarter of 2023. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2024, we stopped production activities and shut down one of our eastern PRC factories. We incurred no severance or other exit costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $0.1 million of severance and $0.1 million of other exit costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024. These costs are included within factory restructuring charges on our consolidated statements of operations. We have recognized a total of $4.6 million in factory restructuring charges since September 2023. This factory restructuring was completed in the fourth quarter of 2024 and we do not expect any further expenses associated with this plan.

As part of our plan to restructure and optimize our factory footprint, we have worked to downsize our factory in Mexico due to decreased demand in the U.S. market and our Vietnam facility's ability to supply our North American customers. We have leased a smaller facility and reduced our factory headcount during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We incurred no severance or other exit costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $0.5 million of severance and $0.4 million of other exit costs during the three months ended March 31, 2024. These costs are included within factory restructuring charges on our consolidated statements of operations. We have recognized a total of $3.0 million in factory restructuring charges since January 2024. This factory restructuring is scheduled to be completed in the second quarter of 2025 and we do not expect any further expenses associated with this plan.


	Restructuring Costs
(In thousands)	Total		Severance Expense		Other Exit Expense

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	462	$	147	$	315
Restructuring charges	3,585		2,008		1,577
Cash payments	(3,036)		(1,288)		(1,748)

Balance at December 31, 2024	$	1,011	$	867	$	144
Restructuring charges	—		—		—
Cash payments	(643)		(537)		(106)

Balance at March 31, 2025	$	368	$	330	$	38
Total costs incurred inception to date	$	7,600	$	5,433	$	2,167
Total remaining expected expense to be incurred as of March 31, 2025	$	—	$	—	$	—

UEI and Roku Inc. ("Roku") and certain of its customers have been in litigation in various forums since 2018—i.e., two actions in the Central District of California ("CDCA") beginning in 2018 and 2020 including related cases against certain of Roku's customers (collectively, the "CDCA cases"), the International Trade Commission ("ITC"), the Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO") (ex parte reexams) and the Patent and Trademark Appeals Board ("PTAB"). The CDCA cases have all been stayed on various grounds since 2019. The 2018 case was stayed in November 2019 pending resolution of Roku initiated PTO and PTAB matters, all of which have since been resolved.

The 2020 case was also immediately stayed due to UEI's related ITC action against Roku, in which UEI ultimately prevailed when on July 9, 2021, the Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") issued an initial determination finding Roku in violation of Section 337. The Commission issued a final determination on November 10, 2021, affirming the ALJ’s finding. The Commission then issued a limited exclusion order and cease and desist order against Roku, which went into effect following the expiration of the Presidential Review Period on January 9, 2022. The Federal Circuit affirmed on January 19, 2024. Following UEI's win and affirmance by the Federal Circuit, Roku sought rehearing en banc and sought cert from the Supreme Court on a domestic industry question. On January 13, 2025, the Supreme Court denied cert.

Roku also filed its own retaliatory ITC action against UEI and certain of our customers on two patents it purchased for this purpose. Roku’s action failed when on June 24, 2022, the ALJ found on of Roku’s patents to be invalid as indefinite. Thereafter, on June 28, 2022, the ALJ issued its initial determination ("ID") fully exonerating us and our customers finding Roku’s second patent invalid and that Roku failed to establish the requisite domestic industry and thus no violation of the Tariff Act. Roku and we filed petitions to appeal certain portions of the ID. On October 28, 2022, the full ITC issued its final determination affirming the ID, ruling there was no violation of the Tariff Act and terminated the investigation. In December 2022, Roku filed an appeal and oral argument has been set for May 9, 2025. We expect a decision in late 2025 or early 2026. Further, on October 23, 2023, the PTBA issued its Final Written Decision invalidating all of the claims Roku alleges we infringe. Roku also filed an appeal of this decision. Oral argument has been set for May 9, 2025 and we expect a decision in late 2025 or early 2026. As a companion to its ITC request, on April 8, 2021, Roku also filed a lawsuit against us in Federal CDCA alleging that we are infringing the same two patents they alleged being infringed in the ITC investigation explained above. This District Court case has been stayed pending their ITC case, and will likely continue to be stayed pending the conclusion of Roku's appeal of their ITC case.

On October 9, 2020, we and our subsidiaries, Ecolink Intelligent Technology, Inc. ("Ecolink") and RCS Technology, LLC ("RCS"), filed an amended complaint (20-cv-00670) in the Court of International Trade (the "CIT") against the United States of America; the Office of the United States Trade Representative; Robert E. Lighthizer, U.S. Trade Representative; U.S. Customs & Border Protection; and Mark A. Morgan, U.S. Customs & Border Protection Acting Commissioner, challenging both the substantive and procedural processes followed by the United States Trade Representative ("USTR") when instituting Section 301 Tariffs on imports from the PRC under Lists 3 and 4A.

On January 8, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("USCAFC") heard oral arguments on the appeal by the lead plaintiff from the Court of International Trade's ("CIT") March 17, 2023 decision in which the CIT sustained the List 3 and List 4 tariffs, concluding that USTR's rationale in support of the tariffs was not impermissibly post hoc. A decision from the USCAFC is expected by the end of 2025.

On January 23, 2024, Tongshun Company ("TS") filed suit against one of our subsidiaries, Gemstar Technology (Yangzhou) Co. Ltd. ("GTY"), claiming among other things, breach of an employment agency, and as is standard in Chinese litigation matters such as these, TS has also requested the Court to order a hold on GTY's bank account for the total claimed amount of RMB 35 million (approximately $4.8 million). On December 20, 2024, the Court rendered a decision in favor of TS and ordered a judgment of RMB 27.4 million (approximately $3.8 million) plus interest and costs totaling approximately RMB 30.4 million (approximately $4.2 million). We recorded an accrual for this judgment during the fourth quarter of 2024. This accrual is included in other accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheets. We filed an appeal of this judgment. On February 11, 2025, the Jiangsu Province Yangzhou Intermediate People's Court heard oral argument in this appeal and we expect a decision during the first half of 2025.

In mid-2024, an arbitration proceeding commenced between UEI and IT Convergence, Inc. ("ITC"). ITC has alleged misappropriation of confidential information and theft of trade secrets. We have denied these claims and have filed a counterclaim asserting breach of contract. Fact discovery, including document production and depositions, has been completed. Opening briefs are scheduled for submission in early May 2025, with a pre-hearing conference set for July 2025. The arbitration hearing is scheduled to take place in early August 2025.

There are no other material pending legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or of which our respective property is the subject. However, as is typical in our industry and to the nature and kind of business in which we are engaged, from time to time, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced by third parties against us or by us against third parties arising from or related to product liability, infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights, breach of warranty, contractual relations, or employee relations. The amounts claimed may be substantial, but may not bear any reasonable relationship to the merits of the claims or the extent of any real risk of court awards assessed against us or in our favor. However, no assurances can be made as to the outcome of any of these matters, nor can we estimate the range of potential losses to us. In our opinion, final judgments, if any, which might be rendered against us in potential or pending litigation would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Moreover, we believe that our products do not infringe any third parties' patents or other intellectual property rights.