Our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Atlanticus Holdings Corporation (the "Company") and those entities we control.

We are a purpose driven financial technology company. We are primarily focused on facilitating consumer credit through the use of our financial technology and related services. We provide technology and other support services to lenders who offer an array of financial products and services, including private label and general purpose card products, to consumers who may have been declined by other providers of credit. Private label and general purpose card products are originated by The Bank of Missouri and WebBank (collectively, our “bank partners”). Our bank partners originate these accounts through multiple channels, including retail and healthcare point-of-sale locations, direct mail solicitation, digital marketing and partnerships with third parties.

In these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, "receivables" or "loans" typically refer to receivables we have purchased from our bank partners or from other third parties.

We are principally engaged as a program manager, providing a technology platform and corresponding services to lenders in the U.S. to assist those lenders with offering products to consumers. These lenders pay us a fee and, in most circumstances, the lenders are then obligated to sell us the receivables they generate from these products. We acquire these receivables for the principal amount of the loan. For certain of our receivables, we also receive merchant fees from our retail partners that are used to enhance our returns for those receivables.

We compensate our bank partners monthly for the regulatory oversight they provide associated with our acquired receivables, the underlying accounts of which they continue to own and service. This compensation is based on both fixed and variable components dependent on the underlying performance of the acquired receivables (collectively, "Bank partner fees"). As we are obligated to compensate our bank partners for the duration of the underlying account, we recognize the fair value of these Bank partner fees within Card and loan servicing on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income on the date we acquire the underlying receivable.

We service the underlying receivables on behalf of our bank partners by providing and/or managing the ongoing customer service activities in the form of processing payments, providing regular notices of statement activity, and resolving customer complaints, billing disputes, and fraud claims. Our bank partners continue to own the underlying consumer accounts that they originate and provide regulatory oversight in the form of reviewing, approving the development of consumer finance programs and approving all related marketing materials, establishing the policies and procedures that govern the operation of the consumer finance programs, reviewing and approving customer complaint correspondence, performing ongoing compliance monitoring and testing and audits of the consumer finance programs, and providing settlement services between us and our retail partners. From time to time, we also purchase receivables portfolios from third parties other than our bank partners. These products and services are reported through two reportable segments, Credit as a Service ("CaaS") and Auto Finance.

Within our CaaS segment, we apply our technology solutions, in combination with the experiences gained, and infrastructure built from servicing $43 billion in consumer loans over more than 25 years of operating history, to support lenders in offering more inclusive financial services. These products include private label credit cards using the Fortiva and Curae brand names as well as merchant associated brands. Private label credit products associated with the healthcare space are generally issued under the Curae brand while all other retail partnerships, including those in consumer electronics, furniture, elective medical procedures, and home-improvement use the Fortiva brand or use our retail partners’ brands. Our general purpose credit cards use the Aspire, Imagine and Fortiva brand names. Our flexible technology solutions allow our bank partners to integrate our paperless process and instant decisioning platform with the existing infrastructure of participating retailers, healthcare providers and other service providers. Using our technology and proprietary predictive analytics, lenders can make instant credit decisions utilizing hundreds of inputs from multiple sources and thereby offer credit to consumers overlooked by many providers of financing that focus exclusively on consumers with higher FICO scores. Atlanticus’ decisioning platform is enhanced by artificial intelligence and machine learning, enabling fast, sound decision-making when it matters most.

We also report within our CaaS segment: 1) servicing income; and 2) gains or losses associated with notes receivable and equity investments previously made in consumer technology platforms. These include investments in companies engaged in mobile technologies, marketplace lending and other financial technologies. None of these companies are publicly-traded, and the carrying values of our investments in these companies are not material.

Within our Auto Finance segment, our CAR subsidiary operations principally purchase and/or service loans secured by automobiles from or for, and also provide floor plan financing for, a pre-qualified network of independent automotive dealers and automotive finance companies in the buy-here, pay-here, used car business. We purchase auto loans at a discount and with dealer retentions or holdbacks that provide risk protection. Also within our Auto Finance segment, we are providing certain installment lending products in addition to our traditional loans secured by automobiles.

Rules enacted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") which could limit the late fees charged to consumers were vacated in April 2025. The Courts determined that the CFPB violated the Credit Card Accountability and Disclosure Act's and the Administrative Procedure Act requirement that penalty fees be "reasonable and proportional" to the violation. In order to mitigate these impacts and continue to serve consumers, our bank partners took a number of steps, from modifying products and policies (such as further tightening the criteria used to evaluate new loans) to changing prices (including increasing interest rates and fees charged to consumers) which are included in our fair value calculations. See Note 6 "Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities" for more information on our fair value measurements.