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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan ("2018 Plan") became effective in February 2018. Prior to the 2018 Plan, we granted awards under our 2008 Stock Plan ("2008 Plan"). Any awards granted under the 2008 Plan remain subject to the terms of our 2008 Plan and applicable award agreements, and shares subject to awards granted under our 2008 Plan that are forfeited, canceled or expired prior to vesting become available for use under our 2018 Plan. As of March 31, 2025, there were 487,115 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2018 Plan. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2018 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year through 2028 by 5% of the total number of shares of our capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or a lesser number of shares determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, the number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2018 Plan increased by 2,562,851 shares on January 1, 2025. On July 18, 2022, our Board of Directors adopted the Cardlytics, Inc. 2022 Inducement Plan ("2022 Inducement Plan"). Our Board of Directors also adopted a form of stock option grant notice and agreement and a form of restricted stock unit grant notice and agreement for use with the 2022 Inducement Plan. We reserved a total of 1,500,000 shares of our Common Stock under the 2022 Inducement Plan. On January 18, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2022 Inducement Plan to reserve an additional 350,000 shares of our common stock. On July 13, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2022 Inducement Plan to reserve an additional 800,000 shares of our common stock. On November 6, 2024, our board of directors approved an amendment to the 2022 Inducement Plan to reserve an additional 2,500,000 shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2025, there were 2,537,049 shares available under the 2022 Inducement Plan. The following table summarizes the allocation of stock-based compensation in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we capitalized $1.0 million and $1.3 million of stock-based compensation expense for software development, respectively. Restricted Stock Units We grant restricted stock units ("RSUs") to certain employees and our non-employee directors. The following table summarizes changes in RSUs, inclusive of performance-based RSUs:
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we granted 2,956,830 RSUs to employees and non-employee directors, which have vesting periods ranging from vesting immediately to vesting in four years. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, we granted 124,050 RSUs to employees and non-employee directors, which have a two-year vesting period. Unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to these RSUs totaled $0.2 million. Performance-based RSUs In March 2025, we granted 95,625 PSUs, which will vest at the achievement of specific stock price hurdles for at least 20 consecutive trading days at market close between April 1, 2025 and April 1, 2028; provided, however, that in the event that the applicable triggering stock price is met prior to April 1, 2026, such vesting will not occur until April 1, 2026. In July 2022, we granted 100,990 PSUs which included two tranches that vest on the achievement of specific Revenue-based performance metrics ("2022 Bridg PSUs"). During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we reassessed the likelihood of achieving the second tranche of the 2022 Bridg PSUs and concluded that the achievement is no longer probable. As a result of the change in estimate, we reversed the previously recognized cumulative expense associated with this grant as a benefit to stock-based compensation during the year ended December 31, 2024. In March 2022 and August 2022, we granted 269,202 and 25,248 performance-based restricted stock units ("2022 PSUs"), respectively, consisting of three tranches. The first two tranches each represent 25% of the grant, and each vests upon the achievement of certain milestones related to the installation of our Ad Server at our FI Partners. In December 2022, the compensation committee of our Board of Directors certified that the first tranche's milestone related to the installation of our Ad Server at our FI partners had been achieved, which resulted in the immediate vesting of the first tranche representing 25% of the grant. In January 2025, the compensation committee of our Board of Directors certified that the second tranche's milestone had been achieved, which resulted in the immediate vesting of the second tranche representing 25% of the grant. Fifty percent of the third tranche vests upon the achievement of a certain number of advertisers purchasing both the Cardlytics and Bridg platforms at a target incremental Billings amount over the 2021 Billings amount, and the remaining 50% of the tranche vests six months after this target is achieved. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we reassessed the likelihood of achieving the third tranche's milestones and concluded that the achievement is no longer probable. As a result of the change in estimate, we have reversed the previously recognized cumulative expense associated with the third tranche of this grant as a benefit to stock-based compensation during the year ended December 31, 2024. In September 2021, we granted 6,667 PSUs which have the same unmet revenue target vesting condition of the 2021 PSUs and 6,667 PSUs which have the same unmet different revenue target vesting condition of the 2021 PSUs as described below. As discussed below, we concluded that the achievement of the 2021 PSUs is no longer probable and have reversed the previously recognized cumulative expense in the respective period in which the 2021 PSUs were determined to no longer be achievable. As of April 1, 2025, the 2021 PSU was forfeited as the performance condition was not met during the performance period. In April 2021, we granted 110,236 performance-based restricted stock units ("2021 PSUs") consisting of two tranches. The first tranche consists of 55,118 units that have a performance-based vesting condition based on a minimum Revenue target over a trailing 12-month period. The units in this first tranche fully vest upon achievement. The second tranche consists of 55,118 units with a performance-based vesting condition based on a different minimum Revenue target over a trailing 12-month period. Half of the units in the second tranche vest upon achievement and the remaining units vest six months after the achievement date, subject to continued service. Each performance-based vesting condition within the two tranches must be achieved within four years of the grant date and are subject to certification by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors. During the year-ended December 31, 2023, we reassessed the likelihood of achieving the 2021 PSUs performance-based vesting condition and concluded that the achievement is no longer probable. As a result of the change in estimate, we have reversed the previously recognized cumulative expense associated with the 2021 PSUs since the grant date as a benefit to stock-based compensation during the year ended December 31, 2023. On April 1, 2025, the 2021 PSUs were forfeited as the performance condition was not met during the performance period. With the exception of the 2021 PSUs, the third tranche of the 2022 PSUs, the second tranche of the 2022 Bridg PSUs and any other PSUs tied to these vesting conditions, we believe that the achievement of all of the above referenced performance-based vesting conditions are probable before the awards' respective expiration dates. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2018 ESPP") enables eligible employees to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount. Purchases are accomplished through participation in discrete offering periods. On each purchase date, participating employees purchase our common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or the date of purchase. As of December 31, 2024, 534,912 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to our 2018 ESPP. Additionally, the number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2018 ESPP will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, which began on January 1, 2019 and will continue through and including January 1, 2028, by the lesser of (i) 1% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, (ii) 500,000 shares of our common stock or (iii) such lesser number of shares of common stock as determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, the number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2018 ESPP increased by 500,000 shares on January 1, 2025. Shares subject to purchase rights granted under our 2018 ESPP that terminate without having been issued in full will not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under our 2018 ESPP. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we issued 1,034,912 shares under the 2018 ESPP.
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