Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Operations	Description of Operations Innoviva, Inc. (and where context requires, together with its subsidiaries referred to as “Innoviva”, the “Company”, or “we” and other similar pronouns) is a company with a portfolio of royalties and innovative healthcare assets. Our royalty portfolio contains respiratory assets partnered with Glaxo Group Limited (“GSK”), including RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® (fluticasone furoate/vilanterol, “FF/VI”) and ANORO® ELLIPTA® (umeclidinium bromide/ vilanterol, “UMEC/VI”). Under the Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist (“LABA”) Collaboration Agreement, Innoviva is entitled to receive royalties from GSK on sales of RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® as follows: 15% on the first $3.0 billion of annual global net sales and 5% for all annual global net sales above $3.0 billion; and royalties from the sales of ANORO® ELLIPTA®, which tier upward at a range from 6.5% to 10%. Our commercial and marketed products also include GIAPREZA® (angiotensin II), approved to increase blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock; XERAVA® (eravacycline), approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults; and XACDURO® (sulbactam for injection; durlobactam for injection), approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonias caused by Acinetobacter in adults. In addition, ZEVTERA® (ceftobiprole), an advanced-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, will be exclusively commercialized by us in the U.S. under a distribution and license agreement with Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd., (“Basilea”), which we entered into in December 2024. We continue to advance our pipeline, zoliflodacin, potentially a first in class, single-dose oral treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea. We have established a wholly owned, critical care and infectious disease operating platform, anchored by four differentiated commercial products and supported by a promising late-stage development asset. Additionally, we strategically deploy capital and maintain economic interests in various healthcare companies, including a significant equity stake in Armata Pharmaceuticals, a company focused on development of bacteriophages with potential use across a range of infectious and other serious diseases.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as audited consolidated financial statements and, in our opinion, include all adjustments, consisting of all normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or any other periods. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innoviva, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and certain variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2025, and as amended on March 24, 2025. There have been no material changes to our summary of significant accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Use of Management's Estimates	Use of Management’s Estimates The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Management evaluates its significant accounting policies and estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates also form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily apparent from other sources.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers and Partner	Concentrations of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers and Partner Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and equity and long-term investments. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, our deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. We are dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply active pharmaceutical ingredients (“API”) and drug products for research and development and commercial programs. These programs could be adversely affected by significant interruption in the supply of API or drug products. Currently, we derive most of our revenues from GSK. Our near-term success depends in large part upon the performance by GSK of its commercial obligations under the GSK Agreements and the commercial success of RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® and ANORO® ELLIPTA®. If GSK does not devote sufficient resources to the commercialization of these products, is unsuccessful in its efforts, or chooses to reprioritize its commercial programs, our business would be materially harmed. GSK is responsible for all clinical and other product development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for products developed under the GSK Agreements, including RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® and ANORO® ELLIPTA®. Our quarterly royalty revenues may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Our royalty revenues under the GSK Agreements may not meet our analysts’ or investors’ expectations due to a number of important factors. Our revenues also include net product sales of GIAPREZA®, XERAVA® and XACDURO®. In the U.S., hospitals and other healthcare organizations generally acquire our products through a network of specialty distributors, which are regarded as our customers for accounting purposes. We do not believe that the loss of one of these distributors would significantly impact our ability to distribute our products, as we expect that sales volume will be absorbed by either new or remaining distributors. Three of our customers each account for 29%, 27% and 27%, respectively, of our net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025. These same customers account for 33%, 18% and 20%, respectively, of our receivables from net product sales, which are included in “Accounts receivable” in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025. Three of our customers each account for 36%, 26% and 24%, respectively, of our net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024. These same customers account for 31%, 24% and 24%, respectively, of our receivables from net product sales, which are included in “Accounts receivable” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Segment Reporting	Segment Reporting Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in making decisions about resource allocation and assessing performance. Refer to Note 14, “Segment Reporting”, for more information.
Variable Interest Entities	Variable Interest Entities The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) is required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE. When we obtain a variable interest in another entity, we assess at the inception of the relationship and upon occurrence of certain significant events whether the entity is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE based on our power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and our obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To assess whether we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, we consider all the facts and circumstances, including our role in establishing the VIE and our ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE (management and representation on the Board of Directors) and have the right to unilaterally remove those decision-makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE. To assess whether we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider all of our economic interests that are deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires us to apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is recognized as the excess of the purchase consideration of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually on the first day of December of each year or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying asset amount may not be recoverable. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective remaining useful lives and are tested for impairment only if indicators for potential impairment exist or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant judgment may be involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred.
Equity and Long-Term Investments	Equity and Long-Term Investments We invest from time to time in equity and debt securities of private or public companies. If we determine that we have control over these companies under either voting or VIE models, we consolidate them in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. If we determine that we do not have control over these companies under either voting or VIE models, we then determine if we have an ability to exercise significant influence via voting interests, board representation or other business relationships. We may account for the investments where we exercise significant influence using either an equity method of accounting or at fair value by electing the fair value option under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, Financial Instruments. If the fair value option is applied to an investment that would otherwise be accounted for under the equity method, we apply it to all our financial interests in the same entity (equity and debt, including guarantees) that are eligible items. All gains and losses from fair value changes, unrealized and realized, are presented as changes in fair values of equity method investments, net, and changes in fair values of equity and long-term investments, net, within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. If we conclude that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over an investee, we may elect to account for equity security without a readily determinable fair value using the measurement alternative method under ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities. This method allows us to measure the investment at cost less impairment, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions involving the same or a similar investment of the same issuer. We also invest in ISP Fund LP, which investments consist of money market funds, trading securities, and equity securities in the healthcare, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement entered into in December 2020, we became a limited partner of the partnership, and our contributions are subject to a 36-month lock-up period which restricts our ability to control or access the contributions and related investments. In October 2024, we elected to unwind our capital accounts in the partnership in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement and expect to receive distributions through April 2026. Accordingly, the portion of the cash balance and money market funds expected to be distributed within 12 months from the balance sheet date has been classified as “Current portion of ISP Fund investments,” while the remaining equity investments have been classified as long-term investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition We apply the guidance on principal versus agent considerations under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), to determine the appropriate treatment for the transactions between us and third parties. The classification of transactions under our arrangements is determined based on the nature and contractual terms of the arrangement along with the nature of the operations of the participants. Any consideration related to activities in which we are considered the principal, which includes being in control of the good or service before such good or service is transferred to the customer, are accounted for as product sales. Revenue is recognized when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized through a five-step process: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price for the contract; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue as a performance obligation is satisfied. Royalty Revenue We recognize royalty revenue on net sales of products with respect to which we have contractual royalty rights in the period in which the royalties are earned. The net sales reports provided by our partner are based on their own methodology and assumptions for estimating rebates and returns, which they monitor and adjust regularly in light of contractual and legal obligations, historical trends, past experience, and projected market conditions. Our partner may make significant adjustments to its reported sales based on actual results, which could cause fluctuation in our royalty revenue. We conduct periodic royalty audits to evaluate the accuracy of the information provided. Royalties from GSK are recognized as the net of amortization of capitalized fees related to approval and launch milestone payments made to GSK. Revenue from Product Sales Revenue from product sales is recognized when our customers obtain control of the product and is recorded at the transaction price, net of estimates for variable consideration consisting of chargebacks, discounts, returns and rebates. Variable consideration is estimated using the expected-value amount method, which is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results vary materially from our estimates, we will adjust these estimates, which will affect revenue from product sales and earnings in the period such estimates are adjusted. These items may include: • Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts we provide to distributors in the event that the sales prices to end users are below the distributors’ acquisition price. This may occur due to a direct contract with a health system, a group purchasing organization (“GPO”) agreement or a sale to a government facility. Chargebacks are estimated based on known chargeback rates and recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers. • Discounts: We offer customers various forms of incentives and consideration, including prompt-pay and other discounts. We estimate discounts primarily based on contractual terms. These discounts are recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers. • Returns: We offer customers a limited right of return, generally for damaged or expired products. We estimate returns based on an internal analysis, which includes actual experience. The estimates for returns are recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers. • Rebates: We participate in Medicaid rebate programs, which provide assistance to certain low-income patients based on each state’s eligibility guidelines and services. Under these programs, we pay rebates to participating states, typically within three months after the quarter in which the product was sold. Additionally, we may offer customer incentives and other forms of consideration, such as volume-based or performance-based rebates. Estimated rebates are recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers. We continue to assess our estimates of variable consideration as we accumulate additional historical data and will adjust these estimates accordingly. License Revenue At the inception of a licensing arrangement that includes development and regulatory milestone payments, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price. We generally include these milestone payments in the transaction price when they are achieved because there is considerable uncertainty in the research and development processes that trigger receipt of these payments under our agreements. Similarly, we include approval milestone payments in the transaction price once the product is approved by the applicable regulatory agency. For a licensing arrangement that includes services, we recognize revenue over time using an input method, representing the transfer of goods or services as we perform activities over the term of the arrangement.
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses are recognized in the period that services are rendered or goods are received. Research and development expenses consist of salaries and benefits, laboratory supplies, facilities and other overhead costs, research-related manufacturing costs, contract service and clinical-related service costs performed by third party research organizations, research institutions and other outside service providers. Non-refundable prepayments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. We also utilize significant judgment and estimates to record accruals for estimated ongoing research costs based on the progress of the studies and progress of research manufacturing activities.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires the disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction and enhanced disclosures for the entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as other income tax related disclosures. This ASU became effective for us on January 1, 2025, at which time it was adopted. We will include the required disclosures, to the extent applicable, within our annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the statement of income as well as disclosures about selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Company in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently evaluating the potential impact that ASU 2024-03 may have on our financial statement disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20), which clarifies the assessment of whether a transaction should be accounted for as an induced conversion or extinguishment of convertible debt when changes are made to conversion features as part of an offer to settle the instrument. ASU 2024-04 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. We are currently evaluating the potential impact that ASU 2024-04 may have on our financial statements and related disclosures.

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Innoviva, Inc. (and where context requires, together with its subsidiaries referred to as “Innoviva”, the “Company”, or “we” and other similar pronouns) is a company with a portfolio of royalties and innovative healthcare assets. Our royalty portfolio contains respiratory assets partnered with Glaxo Group Limited (“GSK”), including RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® (fluticasone furoate/vilanterol, “FF/VI”) and ANORO® ELLIPTA® (umeclidinium bromide/ vilanterol, “UMEC/VI”). Under the Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist (“LABA”) Collaboration Agreement, Innoviva is entitled to receive royalties from GSK on sales of RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® as follows: 15% on the first $3.0 billion of annual global net sales and 5% for all annual global net sales above $3.0 billion; and royalties from the sales of ANORO® ELLIPTA®, which tier upward at a range from 6.5% to 10%.

Our commercial and marketed products also include GIAPREZA® (angiotensin II), approved to increase blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock; XERAVA® (eravacycline), approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults; and XACDURO® (sulbactam for injection; durlobactam for injection), approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonias caused by Acinetobacter in adults. In addition, ZEVTERA® (ceftobiprole), an advanced-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, will be exclusively commercialized by us in the U.S. under a distribution and license agreement with Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd., (“Basilea”), which we entered into in December 2024. We continue to advance our pipeline, zoliflodacin, potentially a first in class, single-dose oral treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea. We have established a wholly owned, critical care and infectious disease operating platform, anchored by four differentiated commercial products and supported by a promising late-stage development asset.

Additionally, we strategically deploy capital and maintain economic interests in various healthcare companies, including a significant equity stake in Armata Pharmaceuticals, a company focused on development of bacteriophages with potential use across a range of infectious and other serious diseases.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as audited consolidated financial statements and, in our opinion, include all adjustments, consisting of all normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or any other periods.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innoviva, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and certain variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2025, and as amended on March 24, 2025. There have been no material changes to our summary of significant accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Use of Management's Estimates

Use of Management’s Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Management evaluates its significant accounting policies and estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates also form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily apparent from other sources.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers and Partner

Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and equity and long-term investments. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, our deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits.

We are dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply active pharmaceutical ingredients (“API”) and drug products for research and development and commercial programs. These programs could be adversely affected by significant interruption in the supply of API or drug products.

Currently, we derive most of our revenues from GSK. Our near-term success depends in large part upon the performance by GSK of its commercial obligations under the GSK Agreements and the commercial success of RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® and ANORO® ELLIPTA®. If GSK does not devote sufficient resources to the commercialization of these products, is unsuccessful in its efforts, or chooses to reprioritize its commercial programs, our business would be materially harmed. GSK is responsible for all clinical and other product development, regulatory, manufacturing and commercialization activities for products developed under the GSK Agreements, including RELVAR®/BREO® ELLIPTA® and ANORO® ELLIPTA®. Our quarterly royalty revenues may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Our royalty revenues under the GSK Agreements may not meet our analysts’ or investors’ expectations due to a number of important factors.

Our revenues also include net product sales of GIAPREZA®, XERAVA® and XACDURO®. In the U.S., hospitals and other healthcare organizations generally acquire our products through a network of specialty distributors, which are regarded as our customers for accounting purposes. We do not believe that the loss of one of these distributors would significantly impact our ability to distribute our products, as we expect that sales volume will be absorbed by either new or remaining distributors.

Three of our customers each account for 29%, 27% and 27%, respectively, of our net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025. These same customers account for 33%, 18% and 20%, respectively, of our receivables from net product sales, which are included in “Accounts receivable” in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025. Three of our customers each account for 36%, 26% and 24%, respectively, of our net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024. These same customers account for 31%, 24% and 24%, respectively, of our receivables from net product sales, which are included in “Accounts receivable” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.

Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in making decisions about resource allocation and assessing performance. Refer to Note 14, “Segment Reporting”, for more information.

Variable Interest Entities

The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) is required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE. When we obtain a variable interest in another entity, we assess at the inception of the relationship and upon occurrence of certain significant events whether the entity is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE based on our power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and our obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

To assess whether we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, we consider all the facts and circumstances, including our role in establishing the VIE and our ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE (management and representation on the Board of Directors) and have the right to unilaterally remove those decision-makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE.

To assess whether we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider all of our economic interests that are deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires us to apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is recognized as the excess of the purchase consideration of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually on the first day of December of each year or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying asset amount may not be recoverable. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective remaining useful lives and are tested for impairment only if indicators for potential impairment exist or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant judgment may be involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred.

Equity and Long-Term Investments

We invest from time to time in equity and debt securities of private or public companies. If we determine that we have control over these companies under either voting or VIE models, we consolidate them in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. If we determine that we do not have control over these companies under either voting or VIE models, we then determine if we have an ability to exercise significant influence via voting interests, board representation or other business relationships.

We may account for the investments where we exercise significant influence using either an equity method of accounting or at fair value by electing the fair value option under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, Financial Instruments. If the fair value option is applied to an investment that would otherwise be accounted for under the equity method, we apply it to all our financial interests in the same entity (equity and debt, including guarantees) that are eligible items. All gains and losses from fair value changes, unrealized and realized, are presented as changes in fair values of equity method investments, net, and changes in fair values of equity and long-term investments, net, within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

If we conclude that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over an investee, we may elect to account for equity security without a readily determinable fair value using the measurement alternative method under ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities. This method allows us to measure the investment at cost less impairment, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions involving the same or a similar investment of the same issuer.

We also invest in ISP Fund LP, which investments consist of money market funds, trading securities, and equity securities in the healthcare, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement entered into in December 2020, we became a limited partner of the partnership, and our contributions are subject to a 36-month lock-up period which restricts our ability to control or access the contributions and related investments. In October 2024, we elected to unwind our capital accounts in the partnership in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement and expect to receive distributions through April 2026. Accordingly, the portion of the cash balance and money market funds expected to be distributed within 12 months from the balance sheet date has been classified as “Current portion of ISP Fund investments,” while the remaining equity investments have been classified as long-term investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Revenue Recognition

We apply the guidance on principal versus agent considerations under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), to determine the appropriate treatment for the transactions between us and third parties. The classification of transactions under our arrangements is determined based on the nature and contractual terms of the arrangement along with the nature of the operations of the participants. Any consideration related to activities in which we are considered the principal, which includes being in control of the good or service before such good or service is transferred to the customer, are accounted for as product sales.

Revenue is recognized when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized through a five-step process: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price for the contract; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue as a performance obligation is satisfied.

Royalty Revenue

We recognize royalty revenue on net sales of products with respect to which we have contractual royalty rights in the period in which the royalties are earned. The net sales reports provided by our partner are based on their own methodology and assumptions for estimating rebates and returns, which they monitor and adjust regularly in light of contractual and legal obligations, historical trends, past experience, and projected market conditions. Our partner may make significant adjustments to its reported sales based on actual results, which could cause fluctuation in our royalty revenue. We conduct periodic royalty audits to evaluate the accuracy of the information provided. Royalties from GSK are recognized as the net of amortization of capitalized fees related to approval and launch milestone payments made to GSK.

Revenue from Product Sales

Revenue from product sales is recognized when our customers obtain control of the product and is recorded at the transaction price, net of estimates for variable consideration consisting of chargebacks, discounts, returns and rebates. Variable consideration is estimated using the expected-value amount method, which is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results vary materially from our estimates, we will adjust these estimates, which will affect revenue from product sales and earnings in the period such estimates are adjusted. These items may include:

•

Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts we provide to distributors in the event that the sales prices to end users are below the distributors’ acquisition price. This may occur due to a direct contract with a health system, a group purchasing organization (“GPO”) agreement or a sale to a government facility. Chargebacks are estimated based on known chargeback rates and recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers.

•

Discounts: We offer customers various forms of incentives and consideration, including prompt-pay and other discounts. We estimate discounts primarily based on contractual terms. These discounts are recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers.

•

Returns: We offer customers a limited right of return, generally for damaged or expired products. We estimate returns based on an internal analysis, which includes actual experience. The estimates for returns are recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers.

•

Rebates: We participate in Medicaid rebate programs, which provide assistance to certain low-income patients based on each state’s eligibility guidelines and services. Under these programs, we pay rebates to participating states, typically within three months after the quarter in which the product was sold. Additionally, we may offer customer incentives and other forms of consideration, such as volume-based or performance-based rebates. Estimated rebates are recorded as a reduction of revenue on delivery to our customers.

We continue to assess our estimates of variable consideration as we accumulate additional historical data and will adjust these estimates accordingly.

License Revenue

At the inception of a licensing arrangement that includes development and regulatory milestone payments, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price. We generally include these milestone payments in the transaction price when they are achieved because there is considerable uncertainty in the research and development processes that trigger receipt of these payments under our agreements. Similarly, we include approval milestone payments in the transaction price once the product is approved by the applicable regulatory agency. For a licensing arrangement that includes services, we recognize revenue over time using an input method, representing the transfer of goods or services as we perform activities over the term of the arrangement.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses are recognized in the period that services are rendered or goods are received. Research and development expenses consist of salaries and benefits, laboratory supplies, facilities and other overhead costs, research-related manufacturing costs, contract service and clinical-related service costs performed by third party research organizations, research institutions and other outside service providers. Non-refundable prepayments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. We also utilize significant judgment and estimates to record accruals for estimated ongoing research costs based on the progress of the studies and progress of research manufacturing activities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires the disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction and enhanced disclosures for the entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as other income tax related disclosures. This ASU became effective for us on January 1, 2025, at which time it was adopted. We will include the required disclosures, to the extent applicable, within our annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the statement of income as well as disclosures about selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Company in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently evaluating the potential impact that ASU 2024-03 may have on our financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20), which clarifies the assessment of whether a transaction should be accounted for as an induced conversion or extinguishment of convertible debt when changes are made to conversion features as part of an offer to settle the instrument. ASU 2024-04 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. We are currently evaluating the potential impact that ASU 2024-04 may have on our financial statements and related disclosures.