Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into highly effective derivative contracts. We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

Income Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

The gains/(losses), by hedge designation, reported in income for the periods ended March 31 were as follows (in millions):


	First Quarter
Cash flow hedges	2024		2025
Reclassified from AOCI to Cost of sales
Foreign currency exchange contracts (a)	$	14	$	74
Commodity contracts (b)	(26)		11
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments	(96)		(48)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments	(243)		329
Fair value changes on hedged debt	220		(324)
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments	(29)		(25)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments	(64)		146
Fair value changes on hedged debt	62		(136)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts (c)	69		60
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	(166)		102
Interest rate contracts	48		(45)
Commodity contracts	(20)		11
Total	$	(231)	$	155

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(a)For the first quarter of 2024 and 2025, a $288 million gain and a $78 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.

(b)For the first quarter of 2024 and 2025, a $32 million loss and a $4 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.

(c)For the first quarter of 2024 and 2025, a $23 million loss and a $70 million gain, respectively, were reported in Cost of sales, and a $92 million gain and a $10 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other income/(loss), net.

NOTE 13. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative assets and liabilities are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value and are presented on a gross basis. The notional amounts of the derivative instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and are not a direct measure of our financial exposure. We also enter into master agreements with counterparties that may allow for netting of exposures in the event of default or breach of the counterparty agreement. Collateral represents cash received or paid under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties, which we do not use to offset our derivative assets and liabilities.

The fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts were as follows (in millions):


	December 31, 2024						March 31, 2025
	Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Cash flow hedges
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	20,027	$	578	$	123	$	18,346	$	452	$	169
Commodity contracts	959		22		13		982		13		20
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts	16,194		66		645		21,642		265		446
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	3,802		9		139		3,802		87		75
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts	20,799		301		192		20,604		317		96
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	5,455		133		246		4,333		125		72
Interest rate contracts	76,977		305		845		78,371		322		752
Commodity contracts	944		14		31		933		18		17
Total derivative financial instruments, gross (a) (b)	$	145,157	$	1,428	$	2,234	$	149,013	$	1,599	$	1,647

Current portion			$	869	$	1,311			$	655	$	949
Non-current portion			559		923				944		698
Total derivative financial instruments, gross			$	1,428	$	2,234			$	1,599	$	1,647

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(a)At December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, we held collateral of $27 million and $26 million, respectively, and we posted collateral of $127 million and $119 million, respectively.

(b)At December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, the fair value of assets and liabilities available for counterparty netting was $780 million and $876 million, respectively. All derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.