v3.25.1
Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended March 31 were as follows (in millions):

First Quarter
20242025
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Service cost$73 $63 $6 $52 $48 $5 
Interest cost400 235 57 393 224 55 
Expected return on assets(455)(255)— (456)(278)— 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
23 6 2 22 6 2 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss— (11)— — (10)— 
Separation costs/other8 14 — 7 24 — 
Settlements and curtailments
— — — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$49 $52 $65 $18 $14 $62 

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

Pension Plan Contributions
During 2025, we continue to expect to contribute about $800 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $450 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first quarter of 2025, we contributed $234 million to our global funded pension plans and made $106 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.