v3.25.1
Future Policy Benefits Reserves
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Insurance [Abstract]  
Future Policy Benefit Reserves Future Policy Benefits Reserves
Future policy benefits reserves are associated with CNA’s run-off long-term care business, which is included in Other Insurance Operations, and relate to policyholders that are currently receiving benefits, including claims that have been incurred but are not yet reported, as well as policyholders that are not yet receiving benefits. Future policy benefits reserves are comprised of the liability for future policyholder benefits (“LFPB”) which is reflected as Insurance reserves: Future policy benefits on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

The determination of Future policy benefits reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected policyholder experience over the remaining life of the policy. Since policies may be in force for several decades, these assumptions are subject to significant estimation risk. As a result of this variability, CNA’s future policy benefits reserves may be subject to material increases if actual experience develops adversely to its expectations.

For further information on the long-term care reserving process see Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB:

20252024
(In millions)
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1$3,425 $3,710 
Effect of changes in discount rate(7)(125)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate3,418 3,585 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a) 
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)5 (28)
Adjusted balance, January 13,423 3,557 
Interest accrual44 47 
Net premiums: earned during period(101)(107)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate3,366 3,497 
Effect of changes in discount rate38 56 
Balance, March 31
$3,404 $3,553 
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1$16,583 $17,669 
Effect of changes in discount rate440 (578)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate17,023 17,091 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a) 
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)13 (13)
Adjusted balance, January 117,036 17,078 
Interest accrual229 231 
Benefit & expense payments(293)(321)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate16,972 16,988 
Effect of changes in discount rate(264)78 
Balance, March 31
$16,708 $17,066 
Net LFPB, March 31
$13,304 $13,513 

(a)
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the re-measurement loss of $8 million and $15 million presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.
The following table presents earned premiums and interest accretion associated with the long-term care business recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Three Months Ended March 3120252024
(In millions)
   
Earned premiums$106 $110 
Interest accretion185 184 

The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.

March 31,
20252024
(In millions)
Expected future benefit and expense payments$31,433 $32,474 
Expected future gross premiums5,089 5,270 

Discounted expected future gross premiums at the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate were $3.6 billion and $3.7 billion as of March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The weighted average effective duration of the LFPB calculated using the original locked in discount rate was 11 years as of March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.

March 31,December 31,
202520242024
Original locked in discount rate5.19 %5.22 %5.20 %
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate5.40 5.20 5.51 

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, immediate charges to net income resulting from adverse development in certain cohorts where the net premium ratio (“NPR”) exceeded 100% were $14 million and $20 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the portion of losses recognized in a prior period due to NPR exceeding 100% for certain cohorts which, due to favorable development, was reversed through net income were $6 million and $2 million.