Derivative financial instruments are used to manage exposure to commodity price and transportation costs of electricity, natural gas, emissions allowances, and interest rates. Risks associated with market volatility are managed by utilizing various physical and financial derivative instruments, including futures, forwards, options, and swaps. As part of our overall risk management program, we may use derivative instruments to hedge purchases and sales of electricity and natural gas. Derivative instruments that meet certain hedge accounting criteria may be designated as cash flow hedges and are used to limit our exposure to cash flow variability on forecasted transactions. The changes in market value of such instruments have a high correlation to price changes in the hedged transactions. Derivative instruments are also entered into for economic hedging purposes. While economic hedges may mitigate exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, these instruments have not been designated as accounting hedges. Contracts that have the same terms (quantities, delivery points and delivery periods) and for which power does not flow are netted, which reduces both revenues and fuel and purchased power costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, but does not impact our financial condition, net income, or cash flows.

Our derivative instruments, excluding those qualifying for a scope exception, are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as an asset or liability and are measured at fair value. See Note 13 for a discussion of fair value measurements. Derivative instruments may qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception if they require physical delivery, and the quantities represent those transacted in the normal course of business. Derivative instruments qualifying for the normal purchases and sales scope exception are accounted for under the accrual method of accounting and excluded from our derivative instrument discussion and disclosures below.

See Note 12 for details relating to Pinnacle West’s equity forward sale agreements and Note 5 for Pinnacle West’s Convertible Notes. These equity-linked transactions are indexed to Pinnacle West common stock and qualify for a derivative scope exception, and as such, are not subject to mark-to-market accounting and are excluded from the derivative disclosures below.

For its regulated operations, APS defers for future rate treatment 100% of the unrealized gains and losses on energy derivatives pursuant to the PSA mechanism that would otherwise be recognized in income. Realized gains and losses on energy derivatives are deferred in accordance with the PSA to the extent the amounts are above or below the Base Fuel Rate. See Note 6. Gains and losses from energy derivatives in the following tables represent the amounts reflected in income before the effect of PSA deferrals.

Our energy derivative transactions are typically executed under standardized or customized agreements, which include collateral requirements and, in the event of a default, would allow for the netting of positive and negative exposures associated with a single counterparty. Agreements that allow for the offsetting of positive and negative exposures associated with a single counterparty are considered master netting arrangements. Transactions with counterparties that have master netting arrangements are offset and reported net on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Transactions that do not allow for offsetting of positive and negative positions are reported gross on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We do not offset a counterparty’s current energy derivative contracts with the counterparty’s non-current energy derivative contracts, although our master netting arrangements would allow current and non-current positions to be offset in the event of a default. These types of transactions may include non-derivative instruments, derivatives qualifying for scope exceptions, trade receivables and trade payables arising from settled positions, and other forms of non-cash collateral (such as letters of credit). These types of transactions are excluded from the offsetting tables presented below.

The following tables provide information about the fair value of APS’s risk management activities reported on a gross basis and the impacts of offsetting. These amounts relate to commodity contracts and are located in the assets and liabilities from risk management activities lines of APS’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.


As of March 31, 2025: (dollars in thousands)	Gross Recognized Derivatives (a)		Amounts Offset (b)		Net Recognized Derivatives		Other (c)		Amounts Reported on Balance Sheets
Current assets	$	78,883	$	(1,338)	$	77,545	$	5	$	77,550
Investments and other assets	32,353		(978)		31,375		—		31,375
Total assets	111,236		(2,316)		108,920		5		108,925

Current liabilities	(15,350)		1,338		(14,012)		(4,196)		(18,208)
Deferred credits and other	(10,346)		978		(9,368)		—		(9,368)
Total liabilities	(25,696)		2,316		(23,380)		(4,196)		(27,576)
Total	$	85,540	$	—	$	85,540	$	(4,191)	$	81,349

(c)Represents cash collateral and cash margin that is not subject to offsetting. Amounts relate to non-derivative instruments, derivatives qualifying for scope exceptions, or collateral and margin posted in excess of the recognized derivative instrument. Includes cash collateral received from counterparties of $4,196 thousand and cash margin provided to counterparties of $5 thousand.


As of December 31, 2024: (dollars in thousands)	Gross Recognized Derivatives (a)		Amounts Offset (b)		Net Recognized Derivatives		Other (c)		Amounts Reported on Balance Sheets
Current assets	$	13,718	$	(3,158)	$	10,560	$	18	$	10,578
Investments and other assets	6,610		(630)		5,980		—		5,980
Total assets	20,328		(3,788)		16,540		18		16,558

Current liabilities	(52,527)		3,158		(49,369)		(2,971)		(52,340)
Deferred credits and other	(10,076)		630		(9,446)		—		(9,446)
Total liabilities	(62,603)		3,788		(58,815)		(2,971)		(61,786)
Total	$	(42,275)	$	—	$	(42,275)	$	(2,953)	$	(45,228)

(c)Represents cash collateral and cash margin that is not subject to offsetting. Amounts relate to non-derivative instruments, derivatives qualifying for scope exceptions, or collateral and margin posted in excess of the recognized derivative instrument. Includes cash collateral received from counterparties of $2,971 thousand and cash margin provided to counterparties of $18 thousand.

We are exposed to losses in the event of nonperformance or nonpayment by energy derivative counterparties and have risk management contracts with many energy derivative counterparties. As of March 31, 2025, we have three counterparties for which our exposure represents approximately 59% of Pinnacle West’s $108.9 million of risk management assets. This exposure relates to ISDA master agreements with the respective counterparties. The counterparties are rated as investment grade by Standard & Poor’s. Our risk management process assesses and monitors the financial exposure of all counterparties. Despite the fact that the great majority of our trading counterparties’ debt is rated as investment grade by the credit rating agencies, there is still a possibility that one or more of these counterparties could default, resulting in a material impact on consolidated results of operations for a given period. Counterparties in the portfolio consist principally of financial institutions, major energy companies, municipalities and local distribution companies. We maintain credit policies that we believe minimize overall credit risk to within acceptable limits. Determination of the credit quality of our counterparties is based upon a number of factors, including credit ratings and our evaluation of their financial condition. To manage credit risk, we employ collateral requirements and standardized agreements that allow for the netting of positive and negative exposures associated with a single counterparty. Valuation adjustments are established representing our estimated credit losses on our overall exposure to counterparties.

Certain of our energy derivative instrument contracts contain credit-risk-related contingent features including, among other things, investment grade credit rating provisions, credit-related cross-default provisions, and adequate assurance provisions. Adequate assurance provisions allow a counterparty with reasonable grounds for uncertainty to demand additional collateral based on subjective events and/or conditions. For those energy derivative instruments in a net liability position, with investment grade credit contingencies, the counterparties could demand additional collateral if our debt credit rating were to fall below investment grade (below BBB- for Standard & Poor’s or Fitch or Baa3 for Moody’s).