The following table reconciles the FirstEnergy effective income tax rate to the federal income tax statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


FirstEnergy	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
	(In millions)
Income before income taxes	$	540		$	402
Federal income tax expense at the 21% statutory rate	$	113		$	84
Increases (reductions) in tax expense resulting from:
State and municipal income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	31			23
AFUDC equity and other flow-through	(9)			(7)

Taxes related to the combined sale of 49.9% of the equity interests of FET	—			7
Excess deferred tax amortization	(13)			(13)




Valuation allowances	—			39
Other, net	4			2
Total income taxes	$	126		$	135
Effective income tax rate	23.3		%	33.6		%

The following table reconciles the JCP&L effective income tax rate to the federal income tax statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


JCP&L	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
	(In millions)
Income (loss) before income taxes (benefits)	$	65		$	(12)
Federal income tax expense (benefit) at the 21% statutory rate	$	14		$	(3)
Increases (reductions) in tax expense resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	5			(1)
AFUDC equity and other flow-through	(2)			—
Excess deferred tax amortization	(1)			(1)

Other, net	—			1
Total income taxes (benefits)	$	16		$	(4)
Effective income tax rate	24.6		%	33.3		%