v3.25.1
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Defined terms and abbreviations used herein have the meanings set forth in the accompanying Glossary of Terms. Unless otherwise indicated, the disclosures in these notes apply to each of the Registrants. For clarification purposes, disclosures made herein on behalf of FirstEnergy should be read to be made on behalf of JCP&L unless expressly stated otherwise.

FirstEnergy

FE was incorporated under Ohio law in 1996. FE’s principal business is the holding, directly or indirectly, of all of the outstanding equity of its principal subsidiaries: OE, CEI, TE, FE PA, JCP&L, FESC, MP, AGC (a wholly owned subsidiary of MP), PE and KATCo. Additionally, FET is a VIE of FE, and is the parent company of ATSI, MAIT, PATH and TrAIL. In March 2024, PATH completed the process of terminating all of its FERC-jurisdictional rates and facilities, with the result that PATH no longer is a “public utility” and no longer is subject to FERC jurisdiction. FET and its non-affiliated joint venture partner are completing the process of terminating the PATH corporate entities. FirstEnergy continues to evaluate the legal, financial, operational and branding benefits of consolidating the Ohio Companies into a single Ohio power company.

FE and its subsidiaries are principally involved in the transmission, distribution and generation of electricity. FirstEnergy’s electric operating companies comprise one of the nation’s largest investor-owned electric systems, serving over 6 million customers in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions. FirstEnergy’s transmission operations include more than 24,000 miles of lines and two regional transmission operation centers. As of March 31, 2025, AGC and MP control 3,604 MWs of net maximum generation capacity.
In addition, FE holds all of the outstanding equity of other direct subsidiaries including FEV, which currently holds a 33-1/3% equity ownership in Global Holding, the holding company for a joint venture in the Signal Peak mining and coal transportation operations.
FESC provides legal, financial and other corporate support services at cost, in accordance with its cost allocation manual, to affiliated FirstEnergy companies. FE does not bill directly or allocate any of its costs to any subsidiary company. Costs are charged to FE's subsidiaries for services received from FESC either through direct billing or through an allocation process. Allocated costs are for services that are provided on behalf of more than one company and are allocated using formulas developed by FESC and are generally settled under commercial terms within thirty days.
On July 26, 2024, FE, VEPCO and Transource Energy, LLC, a subsidiary of AEP, entered into a joint proposal agreement in connection with PJM’s 2024 Regional Transmission Expansion Plan Open Window 1 process. Pursuant to such joint proposal agreement, FET, VEPCO and Transource Energy, LLC jointly proposed certain regional electric transmission projects for PJM's consideration during the Open Window process. On November 25, 2024, FET, Dominion High Voltage MidAtlantic, Inc., an affiliate of VEPCO, and Transource Energy, LLC, formed Valley Link, which is the holding company responsible for managing and executing any projects awarded by PJM, and entered into a limited liability agreement. On February 26, 2025, PJM selected certain of the joint proposed projects, which included approximately $3 billion in investments for Valley Link to both build new and upgrade existing transmission infrastructure.
JCP&L

JCP&L owns property and does business as an electric public utility in New Jersey, providing distribution services to approximately 1.2 million customers, as well as transmission services in northern, western, and east central New Jersey. JCP&L serves an area that has a population of approximately 2.8 million. JCP&L plans, operates, and maintains its transmission system in accordance with NERC reliability standards, and other applicable regulatory requirements. In addition, JCP&L complies with the regulations, orders, policies and practices prescribed by FERC and the NJBPU.

Basis of Presentation

The Registrants follow GAAP and comply with the related regulations, orders, policies and practices prescribed by the SEC, FERC, and, as applicable, the PUCO, the PPUC, the MDPSC, the NYPSC, the WVPSC, the VSCC and the NJBPU. The accompanying interim financial statements as of March 31, 2025, and the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited, but reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the financial statements. The balance sheets, as of December 31, 2024, were derived from audited financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make periodic estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The reported results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for any future period.

The Registrants have evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. These interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements and notes prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with FirstEnergy’s audited financial statements and notes included in its
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025, and JCP&L’s Form S-4 filed with the SEC on April 1, 2025, respectively.

The Registrants consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries over which they exercise control and, when applicable, entities for which they have a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation as appropriate and permitted pursuant to GAAP. The Registrants consolidate a variable interest entity when it is determined that it is the primary beneficiary. Investments in affiliates over which the Registrants have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not have a controlling financial interest, follow the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the interest in the entity is reported as an investment on the Balance Sheets and the percentage of ownership share of the entity’s earnings is reported in the Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Economic Conditions

While supply lead times have not fully returned to pre-pandemic levels, FirstEnergy continues to monitor the situation in light of demand increases across the industry, including due to data center usage, and uncertainty around the imposition of tariffs by the U.S. government and retaliatory tariffs that have been, and may be, imposed in response. FirstEnergy continues to implement mitigation strategies to address supply constraints and does not expect any corresponding service disruptions or any material impact on its capital investment plan. However, the situation remains fluid and a prolonged continuation or further increase in demand, or the continuation of uncertain or adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflationary pressures and new or increased existing tariffs, could lead to an increase in supply chain disruptions that could, in turn, have an adverse effect on the Registrants’ results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.

The U.S. presidential administration has announced the imposition of widespread and substantial tariffs on imports, with additional tariffs to potentially be adopted in the future. The imposition of these or any other new or increased tariffs or resultant trade wars could have an adverse effect on the Registrants’ results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.
Capitalized Financing Costs
FirstEnergy - For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, capitalized financing costs on FirstEnergy’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income include $22 million and $13 million, respectively, of allowance for equity funds used during construction and $16 million and $17 million, respectively, of capitalized interest.
JCP&L - For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, capitalized financing costs on JCP&L’s Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income include $6 million and $1 million, respectively, of allowance for equity funds used during construction and $3 million and $6 million, respectively, of capitalized interest.

Reorganization

On March 24, 2025, FirstEnergy internally announced organizational changes to FirstEnergy employees. These organizational changes are intended to align FirstEnergy’s organization with its new business model, which is designed to make FE more efficient and sustainable while placing responsibility and accountability closer to customers, employees and regulators. The changes are also consistent with FirstEnergy’s focus on operations and maintenance expense discipline. These organizational changes resulted in approximately two hundred employees being reassigned and FirstEnergy reducing its workforce by less than three percent. As a result, FirstEnergy recognized a pre-tax charge of approximately $26 million ($5 million at JCP&L) during the first quarter of 2025, which is included within “Other operating expenses” on each of the Registrant’s Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
FET Noncontrolling Interest

FirstEnergy presents Brookfield’s 49.9% total ownership portion of FET’s net income and net assets as NCI. NCI is included as a component of equity on FirstEnergy’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Equity Method Investments

Investments over which the Registrants have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not have a controlling financial interest, follow the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the interest in the entity is reported in “Investments” on the Balance Sheets. The percentage of ownership share of the entity’s earnings is reported in the Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and reflected in “Other income (expense)”.
Equity method investments, which are included within "Investments" on the FirstEnergy Consolidated Balance Sheets, were approximately $85 million and $84 million as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. JCP&L did not have any equity method investments as of March 31, 2025, or December 31, 2024.
Global Holding - FEV currently holds a 33-1/3% equity ownership in Global Holding, the holding company for a joint venture in the Signal Peak mining and coal transportation operations with coal sales primarily focused on international markets. FEV is not the primary beneficiary of the joint venture, as it does not have control over the significant activities affecting the joint venture’s economic performance. FEV's ownership interest is subject to the equity method of accounting. No income related to FEV’s ownership in Global Holding was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, pre-tax income related to FEV’s ownership in Global Holding was $21 million. FEV’s pre-tax equity earnings and investment in Global Holding are included in Corporate/Other for segment reporting. FirstEnergy intends to exit from FEV’s equity method investment in Global Holdings.
As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the equity method investment was $45 million.
Valley Link - On November 25, 2024, FET, Dominion High Voltage MidAtlantic, Inc., an affiliate of VEPCO, and Transource Energy, LLC, formed Valley Link, which is the holding company responsible for managing and executing any projects awarded by PJM, and entered into a limited liability agreement. On February 21, 2025, FET, Dominion HV and Transource entered into the Valley Link LLCA, which amended and restated a provisional operating agreement among the members entered into in November 2024. The Valley Link LLCA establishes the general framework for managing Valley Link, which was formed by FET, Dominion HV, and Transource to accept, design, develop, construct, own, operate and finance the transmission projects awarded by PJM to Valley Link on February 26, 2025, in response to the PJM 2024 Regional Transmission Expansion Plan Long-Term Proposal Window #1. This general framework includes the relationship among the members, confers governance rights to its members so long as certain ownership percentages are maintained, as described below, and defines the list of projects that Valley Link will have the right to develop. Valley Link is the owner of the Valley Link Subsidiaries, which are organized in various states. The Valley Link Subsidiaries comprise the entities that are expected to develop, construct, own, operate and maintain the transmission projects awarded by PJM. As of February 21, 2025, the relative ownership interests of the members are FET (34%), Dominion HV (30%), and Transource (36%), and Valley Link will not be consolidated with FET for financial or tax reporting purposes and expects to be accounted for under equity method accounting. As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were no investment balances recorded on the FirstEnergy Balance Sheets.

On February 26, 2025, PJM awarded two electric transmission projects to Valley Link, including the construction of (i) approximately 260 miles of 765-kilovolt (kV) transmission line and two substations between Putnam County, West Virginia and Frederick County, Maryland; (ii) approximately 155 miles of 765-kV transmission line and a substation between Campbell County, Virginia and Fauquier County, Virginia; and (iii) a new substation in Caroline County, Virginia. The total cost of these projects is estimated to be approximately $3.0 billion with FET’s estimated share will be approximately $1.020 billion.
PATH WV - PATH, a proposed transmission line from West Virginia through Virginia into Maryland, which PJM cancelled in 2012, is a series limited liability company that is comprised of multiple series, each of which has separate rights, powers and duties regarding specified property and the series profits and losses associated with such property. A subsidiary of FE owns 100% of the Allegheny Series (PATH-Allegheny) and 50% of the West Virginia Series (PATH-WV), which is a joint venture with a subsidiary of AEP. FirstEnergy is not the primary beneficiary of PATH-WV, as it does not have control over the significant activities affecting the economics of PATH-WV. FirstEnergy's ownership interest in PATH-WV is subject to the equity method of accounting. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the equity method investment was $17 million.
In March 2024, PATH completed the process of terminating all of its FERC-jurisdictional rates and facilities, with the result that PATH no longer is a “public utility” and no longer is subject to FERC jurisdiction. FirstEnergy and its non-affiliated joint venture partner are completing the process of terminating the PATH corporate entities.
New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Pronouncements - The following new authoritative accounting guidance issued by the FASB has not yet been adopted. Unless otherwise indicated, the Registrants’ management is currently assessing the impact such guidance may have on its financial statements and disclosures, as well as the potential to early adopt where applicable. Management has assessed other FASB issuances of new standards not described below based upon the current expectation that such new standards will not significantly impact the Registrants’ financial statements.

ASU 2023-09, "Income taxes (Topic 280): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures " (Issued in December 2023): ASU 2023-09 enhances disclosures primarily related to existing rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information to help investors better assess how a company’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect the tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. Disclosure requirements include a tabular reconciliation using both percentages and amounts, separated out into specific categories with certain reconciling items at or above 5% of the statutory tax as well as by nature and/or jurisdiction. In addition, entities will be required to disclose income taxes paid (net of refunds received), broken out between federal, state/local and foreign, and amounts paid to an individual jurisdiction when 5% or more of the total income taxes are paid to such jurisdiction. For the Registrants’, the guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments within ASU 2023-09 are to be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted.

ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)" (Issued in November 2024 and subsequently updated within ASU 2025-01): ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated
disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Registrants for the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is permitted to be applied prospectively, and comparative disclosures are not required for reporting periods beginning before the effective date. Entities can elect to apply the new standard retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements.