Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from revenues under contracts when the over time method of revenue recognition is utilized, and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to Accounts receivable, net when the entitlement to pay becomes unconditional and the customer is invoiced. Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are included in Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract assets and Contract liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Contract assets and Contract liabilities consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Contract assets	$	156,852	$	167,397
Allowance for expected credit losses	(783)		(840)
Contract assets, net	$	156,069	$	166,557

Contract liabilities	$	7,682	$	6,085

primarily due to invoicing to customers for satisfied performance obligations for contracts that were in a contract asset

position, primarily related to commercial and space programs. There were no impairment losses related to our Contract assets during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Contract liabilities increased $1.6 million for the period ended March 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to the amounts invoiced to customers for contracts that were in a contract liability position exceeding the revenue recognized from satisfied performance obligations. Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 that was included in the Contract liability balance at the beginning of the year was $4.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively.