UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K/A

(Amendment No. 1)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from               to              

Borealis Foods Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (905) 278-2200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the Common Shares outstanding, held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of $5.91, reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market, for the Common Shares on April 15, 2025, was approximately $37.9 million.

As of April 15, 2025, 21,378,890 Common Shares of the registrant, no par, value were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Borealis Foods Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.

Directors

The following table sets forth the information concerning our directors, including their ages as of April 15, 2025.

Executive Officers

The following table sets forth information concerning our executive officers, including their ages as of April 15, 2025.

Biographical Information

Directors

Reza Soltanzadeh, M.D. is a co-founder and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors since July 2019. Prior to our founding, Dr. Soltanzadeh served as the Chief Executive Officer of IIIC Investment Group, an emerging markets multibillion-dollar food-focused buyout firm, from February 2003 to May 2016. Dr. Soltanzadeh has continued to serve as a founder and partner of Z Ventures, Inc., an early-stage green technology investment company, since its founding in March 2008. Dr. Soltanzadeh obtained his M.D. from the University of Manipal, India. Dr. Soltanzadeh is qualified to serve on our Board due to his business and technical expertise, along with his strategic insight into our business as our current Chief Executive Officer.

Ertharin Cousin has served as a director of ours since February 2024. Since September 2019, Ms. Cousin has served as Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of Food Systems For The Future Institute, a non-profit organization to catalyze, enable and scale market-driven agtech, foodtech, and food innovations, and also as Visiting Scholar, Spogli Institute for the Study of International Relations, Center for Food and Environment at Stanford University. She has served as Distinguished Fellow of The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, a global affairs think tank, since June 2017. Ms. Cousin previously served at Stanford University as Payne Distinguished Lecturer and Visiting Fellow, Spogli Institute for the Study of International Relations, Center for Food and Environment from September 2017 to June 2019. From April 2012 to April 2017, Ms. Cousin served as Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme, the food-assistance branch of the United Nations, and she served as Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of State from August 2009 to April 2012. Ms. Cousin previously served in a variety of executive roles between 1987 and 2009, including Founding President and Chief Executive Officer of The Polk Street Group, a management services company; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of America’s Second Harvest; Senior Vice President, Public Affairs for Albertsons Companies; White House Liaison and Special Advisor to the Secretary for the 2016 Olympics for the U.S. Department of State; and Assistant Attorney General for The State of Illinois. Ms. Cousin currently serves a member of the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG and the Board of Directors of Mondelez International, Inc. Ms. Cousin earned a B.A. at the University of Illinois at Chicago and received her J.D. from the University of Georgia School of Law. Ms. Cousin is qualified to serve on the Board given her breadth of experience and impressive track record in the Food Industry, stemming from her roles as President and Chief Executive Officer of Food Systems For The Future Institute and as Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme, the food-assistance branch of the United Nations, provides her with unique insights that can be applied to the Company.

Barthelemy Helg is a co-founder and has served as the Chairman of our board of directors since July 2019. Mr. Helg has served as Chairman of Dara Capital AG, a FINRA and SEC registered investment advisory and wealth management company since March 2015. Mr. Helg currently serves as a Director of AB2 Bio Ltd, a biotech company he co-founded focused on treatment of rare autoimmune diseases since July 2010. Mr. Helg served as Managing Partner of Lombard Odier & Co, where he was a member of the Finance Risk and Credit committees, from April 2000 to December 2006. Prior to that, he was Vice President for Mergers and Acquisitions of Nestle S.A. from January 1998 to March 2000. Mr. Helg began his carrier as an investment banker at Goldman Sachs. Mr. Helg obtained his M.L. from the University of Geneva, Switzerland, his L.L.M. from New York University and an MBA from Harvard Business School. He is also admitted to the New York Bar. Mr. Helg is qualified to serve on our Board due to his extensive experience working with entrepreneurial companies and his experience in the food industry.

Shukhrat Ibragimov has served as a director of ours since February 2024. Mr. Ibragimov serves as member of the Board of Directors of Eurasian Resources Group (ERG), a leading natural resources (ferrochrome, iron, aluminum) company with the integrated mining, processing, energy, logistics and marketing operations based mainly in Kazakhstan and operating globally (extraction and processing of metals), since March 2021. Prior to his appointment to the Board of Directors of ERG, Mr. Ibragimov served as ERG’s Head of Business Development since 2015. Mr. Ibragimov currently also serves as member of the Boards of Directors of Eurasia Insurance Company JSC, Eurasian Financial Company JSC, Eurasian Bank JSC. In 2020, Mr. Ibragimov founded Eurasian Space Ventures LLP (ESV) based in Kazakhstan, venture fund investing in startups in aerospace industry. Through ESV, Mr. Ibragimov controls BITEEU, a cryptocurrency exchange operating globally. Mr. Ibragimov also is a co-founder of SPRK Music, a music platform that helps musicians to be discovered via a dedicated platform. Mr. Ibragimov graduated from the European Business School London with a bachelor’s degree and the Beijing Language and Culture University with a masters’ degree. Mr. Ibragimov is qualified to serve on the Board due to his prior experience serving as head of business development for a global natural resource company, which provided him with extensive cross border experience in logistics and operations.

Steven Oyer has served as a director of ours since February 2024. Mr. Oyer is a seasoned finance executive with over 40 years of business and investment experience. Since January 2023, Mr. Oyer served as the Managing Partner of Sustainable Finance Partnerships (SFP) where he advises companies in capital transactions and business development. Prior to that, Mr. Oyer served as Chief Executive Officer of i(x) Net Zero, a publicly traded holding company focused on energy transition and sustainability. From September 2015 to February 2018, Mr. Oyer served as Senior Vice President at Lazard Asset Management where he led their Global Family Office Advisory Group. Mr. Oyer’s experience includes a senior position at the Private Funds Group of Brookfield Asset Management focused on Real Assets and Renewable Investments. Additionally, Mr. Oyer served as interim Chief Executive Officer and led the restructuring of Saflink Corporation, a NASDAQ listed biometric software company. Mr. Oyer served as a board member and audit chair of Salton, Inc., a designer, marketer, manufacturer, and distributor of a broad range of branded small appliances. Mr. Oyer was the founder of Quake Capital, an accelerator that fosters early-stage ventures led by student and faculty entrepreneurs from university ecosystems and still serves in an advisory capacity. Mr. Oyer is currently a board member of The Truth Initiative, a nonprofit public health organization committed to tobacco use prevention and nicotine addiction. He also has served as a member of the investment committee for the Florida Atlantic University’s Foundation. Mr. Oyer attended the University of Massachusetts. Mr. Oyer is qualified to serve on the Board due to his extensive financial and operational expertise, stemming from his prior experience serving as the CEO of i(x) Net Zero and Saflink Corporation NASDAQ listed public companies.

Shiv Vikram Khemka has served as a director of ours since February 2024. Mr. Khemka has served as one of Oxus’ independent directors commencing since September 2021. Mr. Khemka is a vice-chairman of SUN Group, a 120-year-old family enterprise comprised of both operating and investment companies. He has served as a vice-chairman of SUN Group since 1990. SUN Group is active in asset management, natural resources, green infrastructure and high technology. SUN has partnered to establish SUN Mobility, an energy tech company focused on becoming a leader in EV energy. SUN is also a significant investor in a leading EV solid state battery manufacturer. The group has been active in various regions around the world, including India, the Middle East, Central and South-East Asia. Mr. Khemka is the chairman of the Entrepreneurship Sports Generation, also executive chairman of the Global Education and Leadership Foundation. He is currently a member of the board of governors at Junior Achievement Worldwide and is a member of the Leadership Council at the Brooking Centre for Universal Education. The World Economic Forum elected Mr. Khemka a “Global Leader for Tomorrow” and he was also a member of the organization’s Global Agenda Council on Education. He has served on both the Brown University and Yale University’s President’s Councils. Mr. Khemka has also served as a board member on the Stanford Philanthropy and Civic Society (PACS) Centre. He is currently a founding member of V20, a global community of values experts and practitioners that engage with G20, and is the chairman of Aikido Aikikai Foundation of India. He was awarded the Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award from Tufts University, the Outstanding Contribution to Education Prize and the India Alumni Award from the Wharton School of Business. Mr. Khemka studied at Eton College, earned a B.A. in economics from Brown, an MBA/MA with distinction from the Wharton School of Business and the Lauder Institute at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Khemka is qualified to serve on the Board due to extensive financial expertise, stemming from his experience as vice-chairman of the SUN Group, an active asset management company.

Executive Officers

Pouneh Rahimi has served as our Chief Legal Officer since July 2019. Ms. Rahimi also serves as legal counsel at Rahimi Law Office, a position she has held since September 2003. In this role, Ms. Rahimi serves as part-time general counsel to select technology companies, addressing their day-to-day legal matters arising in connection with ongoing operations including negotiation of strategic contracts and technology licensing. Ms. Rahimi has over 25 years of experience working with companies in the high-tech industry both as a lawyer and trusted business advisor. Ms. Rahimi’s practice has focused on general corporate and business matters including corporate governance and compliance, intellectual property development and licensing, trademarks (in the U.S. and Canada), and private debt and equity financing. Earlier in her career, Ms. Rahimi served as a general counsel to MRO Software, Inc. formally a publicly traded company on Nasdaq, as well as a corporate associate at Nixon Peabody LLP. Ms. Rahimi obtained her J.D. from the New England School of Law and her B.A. from McGill University. Ms. Rahimi is licensed to practice law in New York, Massachusetts, and Ontario.

Steve Wegrzyn has served as our Chief Financial Officer since July 2020. Prior to joining us, Mr. Wegrzyn served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer and Integration Specialist for Shed Financial Services, a financial services company, from January 2019 to July 2020. Prior to Shed Financial Services, Mr. Wegrzyn served as Chief Financial Officer for Diesel Laptops, an automotive software company, from January 2018 to November 2018. Mr. Wegrzyn held several interim CFO consulting positions from January 2015 to March 2018 in various industries including computer manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, waste transportation, trucking, and food manufacturing. Mr. Wegrzyn began his career as an accountant at Ernst and Young. Mr. Wegrzyn obtained his B.S. in Accounting and Finance from the Darla Moore School of Business of the University of South Carolina.

Matt Talle has served as Chief Strategy Officer of Palmetto Food Group (a subsidiary of ours) since January 2020. Prior to joining Palmetto Food Group, Mr. Talle held multiple leadership roles with increasing responsibility at Nissin Foods U.S. where he worked for 30 years. During his tenure at Nissin Foods, Mr. Talle served as Vice President of Business Development from June 2015 to December 2019, as Executive Vice President, Board of Director from March 2010 to June 2015, and from March 2008 to June 2010, Mr. Talle served as of Vice President of sales and Marketing. Mr. Talle obtained his B.S., Ag-Business from California Polytechnic University.

Henry Wong has served as Chief Marketing Officer of Palmetto Food Group (a subsidiary of ours) since 2021. Mr. Wong has also served as President and Creative Strategist of Vyoo Brand + Content, a branding and marketing agency, since September 2016. His past experience also includes being Sr. VP of Global Ad Agency Saatchi & Saatchi as well as marketing for such food brands as Maple Leaf Foods, P&G, and Hormel Foods. Mr. Wong holds bachelor degrees from Toronto Metropolitan University and the University of Toronto in Media Studies and Film.

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

We have a standing Audit Committee of the board of directors. Mr. Oyer and Mr. Khemka currently serve as members of the Audit Committee, with Mr. Oyer serving as the chairperson of the Audit Committee. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Oyer and Mr. Khemka are audit committee financial experts, as defined by SEC rules and regulations. The Company is no longer in compliance with Nasdaq’s independent director requirement as set forth in Listing Rule 5605 due to Mr. Kanat Mynzhanov’s resignation from the Board on February 1, 2025.

Our board of directors has determined that each of Mr. Oyer and Mr. Khemka is an independent director in accordance with the Nasdaq listing rules and the applicable requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our board of directors has further determined that each of the members of the Audit Committee satisfies the financial literacy and sophistication requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules.

Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance Guidelines

Our board of directors adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, which set forth a flexible framework within which the board, assisted by its committees, directs the affairs of the Company. The Corporate Governance Guidelines address, among other things, the composition and functions of the board of directors, director independence, compensation of directors, board membership criteria, board leadership and composition.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our executive officers, directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions.

Committee Charters

Each standing committee of the board of directors is governed by a charter adopted by the board.

Availability of Governance Documents

The Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Code of Conduct, and each of the Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee charters are available on the Company’s investor relations website, www.investors.borealisfoods.com/overview/default.aspx. We expect that any amendments to the Code of Conduct, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website to the extent required by the applicable rules of the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Our named executive officers (or “NEOs”) for the year ended December 31, 2024, consisted of five individuals:

This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program for our executive officers who are named in the “Summary Compensation Table” below. In 2024, our “named executive officers” and their positions were as follows:

This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations, and determinations regarding future compensation programs.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation earned during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 2023 by our NEOs.

Narrative Disclosure to the Summary Compensation Table

Certain of the compensation paid to our NEOs reflected in the Summary Compensation Table was provided pursuant to plans and programs which are summarized below. Ms. Rahimi, Mr. Talle, Mr. Wegrzyn and Mr. Wong were not party to an employment agreement during 2024 or 2023. Mr. Soltanzadeh was not party to an employment agreement during 2023 but was party to employment agreement during 2024. For a discussion of benefits, please see below.

Elements of Compensation

In 2024, our compensation program consisted primarily of the following elements: base salary and benefits.

2024 Base Salary

Historically, we have provided base salary as a fixed source of compensation for our executive officers. Base salaries for NEOs are established based on the scope of their responsibilities, competencies and their prior relevant experience, taking into account compensation paid in the market for similar positions and the market demand for such NEO’s total compensation package. Base salaries are reviewed annually and increased for merit reasons based on the executive’s success in meeting or exceeding individual objectives. Additionally, base salaries can be adjusted as warranted throughout the year to reflect promotions or other changes in the scope of breadth of an executive’s role or responsibilities, as well as to maintain market competitiveness.

Long Term Equity Compensation Plans

The Incentive Plan initially makes available a maximum number of 1,125,869 Common Shares. The aggregate number of Common Shares that is (i) issued to an officer, director, 10% stockholder and anyone who possesses material non-public information because of his or her relationship with the company or with an officer, director or principal stockholder of the company (“Insiders”) under the Incentive Plan or any other proposed or established share compensation arrangement within any one-year period will not exceed 10% of the total issued and outstanding Common Shares subject to the Incentive Plan from time to time and (ii) issuable to a non-employee director under the Incentive Plan during any of our fiscal years may not have a “fair value” as of the date of grant, as determined in accordance with ASC Topic 718 (or any other applicable accounting guidance), that exceeds $300,000 in the aggregate. No grants were made under the equity incentive plan to NEOs in 2024.

Health and Welfare Plans

Our named executive officers are eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans that we offer to our employees generally, including medical, life and accidental death and dismemberment, and short- and long-term disability benefits in Canada and the United States, and basic and extended health care, dental, counseling services, disability, life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance and survivor benefits in Canada.

Clawback Policy

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End

As of December 31, 2024, no options were granted under our Stock Plan, nor were they any outstanding awards.

Director Compensation

No non-employee directors received cash or equity compensation for services rendered to us during the year ended December 31, 2024. The non-employee directors are due to receive a grant of 10,000 shares under our Equity Plan for their services in year one. The grants will be made in the second quarter of 2025.

Cash Compensation

The chairperson of the three principal standing committees of our board of directors are entitled to the following annual cash retainers:

No cash retainers were paid during the year ended December 31, 2024 to the chairperson of the three standing committees of our board of directors.

We also reimburse all reasonable pre-approved out-of-pocket expenses incurred by non-employee directors for their attendance at meetings of our board of directors or any committee thereof.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters.

The following table sets forth beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 15, 2025 by:

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she, or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 15, 2025.

Our beneficial ownership is based on 21,378,890 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2025.

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Common Shares beneficially owned by them. To our knowledge, no Common Shares beneficially owned by any executive officer or director have been pledged as security.

The following table illustrates varying beneficial ownership levels in Borealis Foods with the percentage of outstanding shares based on Common Shares as of April 15, 2025:

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

We have a written Related-Person Transactions Policy that sets forth the Company’s policies and procedures regarding the identification, review, consideration and approval or ratification of “related-persons transactions.” For purposes of the Company’s policy only, a “related-person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements, or relationships) in which the Company and any “related person” are participants involving an amount that exceeds $120,000 in the related person will have either direct or indirect interest in the Company. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to the Company as an employee, director, consultant, or similar capacity by a related person are not covered by this policy. A related person is any executive officer, director, or more than 5% stockholder of the Company, including any of their immediate family members, and any entity owned or controlled by such persons.

Under the policy, where a transaction has been identified as a related-person transaction, management must present information regarding the proposed related-person transaction to the Audit Committee (or, where Audit Committee approval would be inappropriate, to another independent body of the board of directors) for consideration and approval or ratification. The presentation must include a description of, among other things, the material facts, the interests, direct and indirect, of the related persons, the benefits to the Company of the transaction and whether any alternative transactions were available. To identify related-person transactions in advance, the Company relies on information supplied by its executive officers, directors and certain significant stockholders. In considering related-person transactions, the Audit Committee takes into account the relevant available facts and circumstances including, but not limited to:

In the event a director has an interest in the proposed transaction, the director must recuse himself or herself from the deliberations and approval. The policy requires that, in determining whether to approve, ratify or reject a related-person transaction, the Audit Committee consider, in light of known circumstances, whether the transaction is in, or is not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, as the Audit Committee determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion.

Related Party Transactions

The following is a description of transactions since December 31, 2019, to which we have been a participant and in which (i) the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and (ii) any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our common stock, or any members of their immediate family, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements which are described in the sections titled “Executive Compensation” and “Management—Non-Employee Director Compensation.”

Our Relationship with Barthelemy Helg

On November 29, 2022, Barthelemy Helg entered into a Postponement of Shareholder Loans Agreement, by and between Borealis and Mr. Helg, pursuant to which in consideration of Oxus making the Oxus Loan or any part thereof to Borealis and in consideration of the premises, Mr. Helg agreed that any claim of Oxus in respect of the Oxus Loans will take precedence over and be fully paid in priority to the loan made by Mr. Helg and repayment be postponed in favor of Oxus, including any right, title and interest in any security in respect of such loans made by Mr. Helg to Borealis.

On December 31, 2020, Borealis issued two demand promissory notes to Barthelemy Helg, pursuant to which Borealis borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 million. On February 2, March 18, March 31, June 23, July 8, and December 5, 2022, Borealis issued demand promissory notes to Barthelemy Helg, pursuant to which Borealis borrowed a principal amount of $1.5 million, $1.0 million, $937,167, $500,000, $350,000, and $36,625, respectively. The principal amount of each such loan bears interest at the annual rate of 10%.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

The Company provides indemnification for its directors and officers so that they will be free from undue concern about personal liability in connection with their service to the Company. Under the Company’s bylaws, the Company is required to indemnify its directors and officers to the extent not prohibited under Ontario or other applicable law. The Company has also entered into indemnity agreements with its executive officers and directors. These agreements provide, among other things, that the Company will indemnify the officer or director, under the circumstances and to the extent provided for in the agreement, for expenses, damages, judgments, fines and settlements he or she may be required to pay in actions or proceedings which he or she is or may be made a party by reason of his or her position as a director, officer or other agent of the Company, and otherwise to the fullest extent permitted under Ontario law and the Company’s bylaws.

Director Independence

With Mr. Mynzhanov departure from the Board, the Company is no longer in compliance with Nasdaq’s independent director requirement as set forth in Listing Rule 5605 due to the board being composed of less than a majority of independent directors with the departure of Mr. Mynzhanov. The Company is currently evaluating new candidates to fill the Board’s vacancy left by Mr. Mynzhanov.

In making these determinations, our board of directors considered certain relationships and transactions that occurred in the ordinary course of business between the Company and entities with which some of our directors are or have been affiliated. The board of directors determined that such transactions would not impair the particular director’s independence or interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out director responsibilities.

Our board of directors undertook a review of the independence of each director and considered whether any director has a material relationship that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities as a director. After review of all relevant transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his or her family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent registered public accounting firm, the board of directors affirmatively determined that all of our directors are independent directors within the meaning of the applicable Nasdaq listing standards, except for Mr. Soltanzadeh, who serves as our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Helg, who serves as the Chairman of Board, and, as of December 31, 2024, held the notes described above un the “Our Relationship With Barthelemy Helg” section, for which interest has accrued but has not been paid, and Mr. Ibragimov, who is the sole shareholder or Belphar Ltd. and a 13.9% holder of Borealis common shares.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Berkowitz Pollack Brant, Advisors + CPAs (“BPB”), (Miami, FL, PCAOB ID: 52), who performed our audit services for fiscal year 2024 including an audit of the consolidated financial statements and services related to filings with the SEC, has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since 2023.

The following table summarizes the fees of our independent registered public accounting firm, billed to us in each of the last two fiscal years for audit services and billed to us in each of the last two fiscal years for other services:

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policy and Procedures

The Audit Committee’s current policy is to pre-approve all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for it by its auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).

All services rendered by Berkowitz Pollack Brant, Advisors + CPAs, our independent registered public accounting firm, during fiscal 2024 were pre-approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with the audit committee pre-approval policy.

Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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