| Financial expenses and income |
18. Financial expenses and income Financial expense is made up as follows: | | | | | | | | | For the year ended | | For the year ended | | For the year ended | | | December 31, 2024 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 | | | US$(000) | | US$(000) | | US$(000) | | | | | | | | Interests on income tax payments on account (a) | | — | | 73,363 | | — | Interest on advance payments of customers | | 4,656 | | 3,901 | | 2,377 | Interest on leases (see Note 10(a)) | | 3,320 | | 3,685 | | 3,912 | Tax contingencies | | 2,279 | | — | | — | Interest on revolving credit facility (see Note 10(b)) | | 1,868 | | 1,863 | | 1,880 | Amortization of debt issuance cost | | 699 | | 696 | | 675 | Interest on senior unsecured credit facility | | — | | — | | 3,196 | Other financial expenses | | 50 | | 50 | | 54 | Interest on excess of salaries limit of workers profit sharing (see Note 9(b)) | | — | | — | | 1,527 | Change in estimates of uncertain positions (b) | | — | | (433) | | (4,921) | Capitalized interest associated to capital projects | | (3,320) | | (3,584) | | (3,084) | Change in estimates related to excess of salaries limit of worker profit sharing (see Note 9(b)) | | — | | (12,423) | | — | | | | | | | | | | 9,552 | | 67,118 | | 5,616 |
(a) Mainly corresponded to the recognition of interest on penalties and interest related to income tax payments on account for the years 2006 to 2015 as a result of unfavorable rulings issued by the Supreme Court against the Company. Financial Income is made up as follows: | | | | | | | | | For the year ended | | For the year ended | | For the year ended | | | December 31, 2024 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 | | | US$(000) | | US$(000) | | US$(000) | | | | | | | | Gain in the fair value of market liquid investment (see Note 3(b)) | | 33,570 | | 35,142 | | 11,215 | Interest on tax refunds | | 5,282 | | 2 | | — | Interest Earned by Bank Accounts (see Note 3(a)) | | 1,096 | | 15 | | 24 | Discounts for Prompt Payment to suppliers | | 675 | | 1,126 | | 1,075 | | | | | | | | | | 40,623 | | 36,285 | | 12,314 |
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