
	2024		2023		2022
	(In millions of Korean won)
Current tax on profit for the year
Current year	₩	22,199	₩	37,459	₩	27,932
Deferred tax expense
Change in net deferred tax assets	(754)		(742)		(1,108)
Income tax expense	₩	21,445	₩	36,717	₩	26,824

(2)The differences between the tax expense on the Group’s profit before tax and the amount that would arise using the statutory tax rate applicable to profits of the entities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	2024			2023			2022
	(In millions of Korean won)
Profit before income tax	₩	106,347		₩	168,699		₩	109,882
Income tax using the statutory tax rate of each country	19,749			31,300			23,951
Adjustments
Expenses not deductible for tax purpose	481			9			7
Non taxable income	(350)			(131)			—
Withholding tax	6,322			8,615			5,028
Utilization of previously unrecognized loss carried forward	(298)			(714)			(239)
Tax credit	(1,413)			(1,174)			(2,131)
Corporate tax on unappropriated earnings	95			(134)			1,085
Changes in deferred tax liabilities related to investment in subsidiaries	(1,058)			(422)			(1,101)
Others	(2,083)			(632)			224
Total adjustments	1,696			5,417			2,873
Income tax expense	₩	21,445		₩	36,717		₩	26,824
Effective tax rate	20		%	22		%	24		%


	2024
	Beginning balance		Increase (decrease)		Ending balance
	(In millions of Korean won)
Deferred income tax on temporary differences
Property and equipment	₩	51	₩	126	₩	177
Intangible assets	665		(582)		83
Other non-current assets	25		(11)		14
Accounts payables	1,518		252		1,770
Accrued expenses	282		29		311
Deferred revenue	355		(273)		82
Allowance for doubtful account	1,179		(1,122)		57
Other non-current liabilities	82		(4)		78
Lease	(38)		22		(16)
Investments in subsidiaries	(2,368)		1,170		(1,198)
Others	882		(1,143)		(261)
Sub Total	2,633		(1,536)		1,097
Deferred tax due to carry-forward losses	701		448		1,149
Deferred tax due to tax credit carry-forward	236		1,842		2,078
Deferred tax assets (*)	5,952		(335)		5,617
Deferred tax liabilities	₩	(2,382)	₩	1,088	₩	(1,294)


	2023
	Beginning balance		Increase (decrease)		Ending balance
	(In millions of Korean won)
Deferred income tax on temporary differences
Property and equipment	₩	38	₩	13	₩	51
Intangible assets	442		223		665
Other non-current assets	202		(177)		25
Accounts payables	1,701		(183)		1,518
Accrued expenses	233		49		282
Deferred revenue	94		261		355
Allowance for doubtful account	299		880		1,179
Other non-current liabilities	81		1		82
Lease	(30)		(8)		(38)
Investments in subsidiaries	(2,791)		423		(2,368)
Others	(278)		1,160		882
Sub Total	(9)		2,642		2,633
Deferred tax due to carry-forward deficits	759		(58)		701
Deferred tax due to tax credit carry-forward	2,078		(1,842)		236
Deferred tax assets (*)	5,660		292		5,952
Deferred tax liabilities	₩	(2,832)	₩	450	₩	(2,382)

(*) The future realizability of deferred tax assets is reassessed by taking into consideration various factors such as the each entity's performance, the overall economic environment and industry outlook, expected future earnings and deductible period of tax credits carry-forward and carry-forward deficits. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Group has recognized deferred tax assets related to temporary differences, tax loss carryforward and tax credit carryforwards,

which can be utilized based on the likelihood of each entity's future taxable income. This amount may change if the estimate of future taxable income changes.

(4)Details of unused tax loss carryforwards and unused tax credit carryforwards that are not recognized as deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:


Year of expiration	Unused loss carryforwards		Unused tax credit carryforwards
2025	₩	1,421	₩	148
2026	2,002		175
2027	352		163
2028	2,135		520
2029	348		402
After 2029	9,571		986
Total	₩	15,829	₩	2,394

(5) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Group did not recognize deferred income tax asset for the temporary difference of Won 22,504 million and Won 23,087 million relating to investments in subsidiaries as it is not probable such temporary differences can be utilized in the foreseeable future.


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions of Korean won)
Deferred tax assets
- Deferred tax assets to be recovered after more than 12 months	₩	2,784	₩	1,601
- Deferred tax assets to be recovered within 12 months	5,725		5,801
Sub-total	8,509		7,402
Deferred tax liabilities
- Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered after more than 12 months	(1,019)		(15)
- Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered within 12 months	(3,167)		(3,817)
Sub-total	(4,186)		(3,832)
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net	₩	4,323	₩	3,570

The Group is required to pay an additional tax amount on the difference between the GloBE effective tax rate of each subsidiary's jurisdiction and the minimum tax rate of 15%, in accordance with the Pillar 2 legislation. All entities within the Group have an effective tax rate that exceeds 15%, except for Gravity Game Vision Limited that operates in Hong Kong.

The Pillar 2 income tax expense recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024 is Won 457 million, and exceptions have been applied regarding the recognition and disclosure of related deferred tax assets and liabilities