The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated December 26, 2024 PRICING SUPPLEMENT dated January __, 2025 (To the Product Supplement No. WF1 dated December 20, 2023 and the Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus, each dated December 20, 2023)	Registration Statement No. 333-275898 Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)

The initial estimated value of the securities determined by us as of the pricing date, which we refer to as the initial estimated value, is expected to be between $905.64 and $955.64 per security and will be less than the public offering price. The final pricing supplement relating to the securities will set forth the initial estimated value. The market value of the securities at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted with accuracy and may be less than this amount. We describe the determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.

The securities have complex features and investing in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page PS-8 herein and “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-5 of the accompanying product supplement.

The securities are the unsecured obligations of Royal Bank of Canada, and, accordingly, all payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk Royal Bank of Canada. If Royal Bank of Canada, as issuer, defaults on its obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment.

None of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The securities will not constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. The securities are not bail-inable notes and are not subject to conversion into our common shares under subsection 39.2(2.3) of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.

Wells Fargo Securities

You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus dated December 20, 2023, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated December 20, 2023, relating to our Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J, of which the securities are a part, and the product supplement no. WF1 dated December 20, 2023. This pricing supplement, together with these documents, contains the terms of the securities and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours.

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the documents listed below. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. These documents are an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in each such document is current only as of its date.

If the information in this pricing supplement differs from the information contained in the documents listed below, you should rely on the information in this pricing supplement.

You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Selected Risk Considerations” in this pricing supplement and “Risk Factors” in the documents listed below, as the securities involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the securities.

You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, “Royal Bank of Canada,” the “Bank,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean only Royal Bank of Canada.

The initial estimated value of the securities is based on the value of our obligation to make the payments on the securities, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the securities. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal funding rate (which represents a discount from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility, and the expected term of the securities.

The securities are our debt securities. As is the case for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the securities reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness. In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us, we typically borrow the funds under structured notes at a rate that is lower than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. The lower internal funding rate, the agent discount and the hedging-related costs relating to the securities reduce the economic terms of the securities to you and result in the initial estimated value for the securities being less than their original issue price. Unlike the initial estimated value, any value of the securities determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction may be based on a secondary market rate, which may result in a lower value for the securities than if our initial internal funding rate were used.

In order to satisfy our payment obligations under the securities, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives) with the agent, RBCCM and/or one of their respective affiliates. The terms of these hedging arrangements may take into account a number of factors, including our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, volatility and the tenor of the securities. The economic terms of the securities and the initial estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements. Our cost of hedging will include the projected profit that we or our counterparty(ies) expect to realize in consideration for assuming the risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the securities. Because hedging our obligations entails risks and may be influenced by market forces beyond our or our counterparty(ies)’ control, such hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or could result in a loss.

See “Selected Risk Considerations—Risks Relating To The Estimated Value Of The Securities And Any Secondary Market—The Initial Estimated Value Of The Securities Will Be Less Than The Original Offering Price” below.

Any price that the agent or RBCCM makes available from time to time after the original issue date at which it would be willing to purchase the securities will generally reflect the agent’s or RBCCM’s estimate of their value, as applicable, less a customary bid-ask spread for similar trades and the cost of unwinding any related hedge transactions. That estimated value will be based upon a variety of factors, including then prevailing market conditions and our creditworthiness. However, for a period of three months after the original issue date, the price at which the agent or RBCCM may purchase the securities is expected to be higher than the price that would be determined based on the agent’s or RBCCM’s valuation, respectively, at that time less the bid-ask spread and hedging unwind costs referenced above. This is because, at the beginning of this period, that price will not include certain costs that were included in the original offering price, particularly a portion of the agent discount and commission (not including the selling concession) and the expected profits that we or our hedging counterparty(ies) expect to receive from our hedging transactions. As the period continues, these costs are expected to be gradually included in the price that the agent or RBCCM would be willing to pay, and the difference between that price and the price that would be determined based on the agent’s or RBCCM’s valuation of the securities, as applicable, less a bid-ask spread and hedging unwind costs will decrease over time until the end of this period. After this period, if the agent or RBCCM continues to make a market in the securities, the prices that it would pay for them are expected to reflect the agent’s or RBCCM’s estimated value, respectively, less the bid-ask spread and hedging unwind costs referenced above. In addition, the value of the securities shown on your account statement will generally reflect the price that the agent or RBCCM, as applicable, would be willing to pay to purchase the securities at that time.

The securities are not appropriate for all investors. The securities may be an appropriate investment for investors who:

The securities may not be an appropriate investment for investors who:

The considerations identified above are not exhaustive. Whether or not the securities are an appropriate investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances, and you should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors have carefully considered the appropriateness of an investment in the securities in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review carefully the “Selected Risk Considerations” herein and the “Risk Factors” in the accompanying product supplement for risks related to an investment in the securities. For more information about the basket components, see the sections titled “The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.,” “JPMorgan Chase & Co.” and “Morgan Stanley” below.

On the stated maturity date, you will receive a cash payment per security (the maturity payment amount) calculated as follows:

An investment in the securities involves significant risks. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the securities. Some of the risks that apply to an investment in the securities are summarized below, but we urge you to read also the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement. You should not purchase the securities unless you understand and can bear the risks of investing in the securities.

Risks Relating To The Terms And Structure Of The Securities

If The Ending Level Is Less Than The Threshold Level, You Will Lose Up To 85% Of The Face Amount Of Your Securities At Maturity.

We will not repay you a fixed amount on the securities on the stated maturity date. The maturity payment amount will depend on the direction of and percentage change in the ending level relative to the starting level and the other terms of the securities. Because the value of the Basket will be subject to market fluctuations, the maturity payment amount may be more or less, and possibly significantly less, than the face amount of your securities.

If the ending level is less than the threshold level, the maturity payment amount will be less than the face amount and you will have 1-to-1 downside exposure to the decrease in the value of the Basket in excess of the buffer amount, resulting in a loss of 1% of the face amount for every 1% decline in the Basket in excess of the buffer amount. The threshold level is 85% of the starting level. As a result, if the ending level is less than the threshold level, you will lose up to 85% of the face amount per security at maturity. This is the case even if the value of the Basket is greater than or equal to the starting level or the threshold level at certain times during the term of the securities.

Even if the ending level is greater than the starting level, the maturity payment amount may only be slightly greater than the face amount, and your yield on the securities may be less than the yield you would earn if you bought a traditional interest-bearing debt security of Royal Bank of Canada or another issuer with a similar credit rating with the same stated maturity date.

Your Return Will Be Limited To The Maximum Return And May Be Lower Than The Return On A Direct Investment In The Basket.

The opportunity to participate in the possible increases in the value of the Basket through an investment in the securities will be limited because any positive return on the securities will not exceed the maximum return, regardless of any increase in the value of the Basket, which may be significant. Therefore, your return on the securities may be lower than the return on a direct investment in the Basket. Furthermore, the effect of the upside participation rate will be progressively reduced for all ending levels exceeding the ending level at which the maximum return is reached.

The Securities Do Not Pay Interest, And Your Return On The Securities May Be Lower Than The Return On A Conventional Debt Security Of Comparable Maturity.

There will be no periodic interest payments on the securities as there would be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having the same maturity. The return that you will receive on the securities, which could be negative, may be less than the return you could earn on other investments. Even if your return is positive, your return may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased one of our conventional senior interest-bearing debt securities.

Changes In The Value Of One Basket Component May Be Offset By Changes In The Values Of The Other Basket Components.

A change in the value of one basket component may not correlate with changes in the values of the other basket components. The value of one basket component may increase, while the values of the other basket components may not increase as much, or may even decrease. Therefore, in determining the value of the Basket as of any time, increases in the value of one basket component may be moderated, or wholly offset, by lesser increases or decreases in the values of the other basket components.

Payments On The Securities Are Subject To Our Credit Risk, And Market Perceptions About Our Creditworthiness May Adversely Affect The Market Value Of The Securities.

The securities are our senior unsecured debt securities, and your receipt of any amounts due on the securities is dependent upon our ability to pay our obligations as they come due. If we were to default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the securities and you could lose your entire investment. In addition, any negative changes in market perceptions about our creditworthiness may adversely affect the market value of the securities.

The U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences Of An Investment In The Securities Are Uncertain.

There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of the securities, and significant aspects of the tax treatment of the securities are uncertain. You should review carefully the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” herein, in combination with the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement, and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities.

Risks Relating To The Estimated Value Of The Securities And Any Secondary Market

There May Not Be An Active Trading Market For The Securities And Sales In The Secondary Market May Result In Significant Losses.

There may be little or no secondary market for the securities. The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Either (a) the agent and/or its affiliates or (b) RBCCM and our other affiliates may make a market for the securities; however, they are not required to do so and, if they choose to do so, may stop any market-making activities at any time. Because other dealers are not likely to make a secondary market for the securities, the price at which you may be able to trade your securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which the agent, RBCCM or any of their respective affiliates, as applicable, is willing to buy the securities. At this time, we do not expect both the agent (and/or its affiliates) and RBCCM (and our other affiliates) to attempt to make a market for the securities at the same time. The agent’s and RBCCM’s valuations of the securities may differ, and consequently the price at which you may be able to sell the securities, if at all, may differ (and may be lower) depending on whether the agent or RBCCM is purchasing securities at that time. Even if a secondary market for the securities develops, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to easily trade or sell the securities. We expect that transaction costs in any secondary market would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and ask prices for your securities in any secondary market could be substantial. If you sell your securities before maturity, you may have to do so at a substantial discount from the price that you paid for them, and as a result, you may suffer significant losses. The securities are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your securities to maturity.

The Initial Estimated Value Of The Securities Will Be Less Than The Original Offering Price.

The initial estimated value of the securities will be less than the original offering price of the securities and does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our other affiliates would be willing to purchase the securities in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the securities prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the values of the basket components, the internal funding rate we pay to issue securities of this kind (which is lower than the rate at which we borrow funds by issuing conventional fixed rate debt) and the inclusion in the original offering price of the agent discount, our or our hedge counterparty(ies)’ estimated profit and the estimated costs related to our hedging of the securities. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the securities, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the securities in any secondary market and will affect the value of the securities in complex and unpredictable ways.

Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which you may be able to sell your securities prior to maturity may be less than your original purchase price, as any such sale price would not be expected to include the agent discount, our or our hedge counterparty(ies)’ estimated profit or the hedging costs relating to the securities. In addition, any price at which you may sell the securities is likely to reflect customary bid-ask spreads for similar trades. In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value of the securities determined for any secondary market price is expected to be based on a secondary market rate rather than the internal funding rate used to price the securities and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary market price will be less than if the internal funding rate was used. Moreover, if the agent is making a market for the securities, any secondary market price will be based on the agent’s valuation of the securities, which may differ from (and may be lower than) the valuation that we would determine for the securities at that time based on the methodology by which we determined the initial estimated value range set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement.

For a limited period of time after the original issue date, the agent or RBCCM may purchase the securities at a price that is greater than the price that would otherwise be determined at that time as described in the preceding paragraph. However, over the course of that period, assuming no changes in any other relevant factors, the price you may receive if you sell your securities is expected to decline.

The Initial Estimated Value Of The Securities Is Only An Estimate, Calculated As Of The Time The Terms Of The Securities Are Set.

The initial estimated value of the securities is based on the value of our obligation to make the payments on the securities, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the securities. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal funding rate (which represents a discount from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends on the basket components, interest rates and volatility, and the expected term of the securities. These assumptions are based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities, including the agent in connection with determining any secondary market price for the securities, may value the securities or similar securities at a price that is significantly different than we do.

The value of the securities at any time after the pricing date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold the securities in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from the initial estimated value of the securities.

The Value Of The Securities Prior To Stated Maturity Will Be Affected By Numerous Factors, Some Of Which Are Related In Complex Ways.

The value of the securities prior to stated maturity will be affected by the then-current value of each basket component, interest rates at that time and a number of other factors, some of which are interrelated in complex ways. The effect of any one factor may be offset or magnified by the effect of another factor. The following factors, which we refer to as the “derivative component factors,” and which are

described in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, are expected to affect the value of the securities: performance of the basket components; interest rates; volatility of the basket components; correlation among the basket components; time remaining to maturity; and dividend yields on the basket components. When we refer to the “value” of your security, we mean the value you could receive for your security if you are able to sell it in the open market before the stated maturity date.

In addition to the derivative component factors, the value of the securities will be affected by actual or anticipated changes in our creditworthiness. You should understand that the impact of one of the factors specified above, such as a change in interest rates, may offset some or all of any change in the value of the securities attributable to another factor, such as a change in the values of the basket components. Because numerous factors are expected to affect the value of the securities, changes in the values of the basket components may not result in a comparable change in the value of the securities.

Risks Relating To Conflicts Of Interest

Our Economic Interests And Those Of Any Dealer Participating In The Offering Are Potentially Adverse To Your Interests.

You should be aware of the following ways in which our economic interests and those of any dealer participating in the distribution of the securities, which we refer to as a “participating dealer,” are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the securities. In engaging in certain of the activities described below and as discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may take actions that may adversely affect the value of and your return on the securities, and in so doing they will have no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the securities. Our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may realize a profit from these activities even if investors do not receive a favorable investment return on the securities.

Risks Relating To The Basket Components

The Maturity Payment Amount Will Depend Upon The Performance Of The Basket Components And Therefore The Securities Are Subject To The Following Risks, Each As Discussed In More Detail In The Accompanying Product Supplement.

The payout profile, return table and examples below illustrate the maturity payment amount for a $1,000 face amount security on a hypothetical offering of securities under various scenarios, with the assumptions set forth in the table below. The terms used for purposes of these hypothetical examples do not represent any actual initial component value or the actual maximum return. The hypothetical initial component value of $100.00 for each basket component has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual initial component value of any basket component. The actual initial component value for each basket component and the actual maximum return will be determined on the pricing date and will be set forth under “Terms of the Securities” above in the final pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing prices of the basket components, see the historical information set forth below. The payout profile, return table and examples below assume that an investor purchases the securities for $1,000 per security. These examples are for purposes of illustration only and the values used in the examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis. The actual maturity payment amount and resulting pre-tax total rate of return will depend on the actual terms of the securities.

Hypothetical Payout Profile

Hypothetical Returns

Hypothetical Examples

Example 1. Maturity payment amount is greater than the face amount and reflects a return that is less than the maximum return:

Based on the hypothetical component returns set forth above, the hypothetical ending level would equal:

100 × [1 + (33.33% × 15.00%) + (33.33% × 6.00%) + (33.34% × 9.00%)] = 110.00

The hypothetical basket return in this example is equal to 10.00%.

Because the hypothetical ending level is greater than the starting level, the maturity payment amount per security would be equal to the face amount of $1,000 plus a positive return equal to the lesser of:

= $1,000 × 10.00% × 125%

= $125.00; and

On the stated maturity date you would receive $1,125.00 per security.

Example 2. Maturity payment amount is greater than the face amount and reflects a return equal to the maximum return:

Based on the hypothetical component returns set forth above, the hypothetical ending level would equal:

100 × [1 + (33.33% × 75.00%) + (33.33% × 40.00%) + (33.34% × 50.00%)] = 155.00

The hypothetical basket return in this example is equal to 55.00%.

Because the hypothetical ending level is greater than the starting level, the maturity payment amount per security would be equal to the face amount of $1,000 plus a positive return equal to the lesser of:

= $1,000 × 55.00% × 125%

= $687.50; and

On the stated maturity date you would receive $1, 287.50 per security, which is the maximum maturity payment amount.

In addition to limiting your return on the securities, the maximum return limits the positive effect of the upside participation rate. If the ending level is greater than the starting level, you will participate in the performance of the Basket at a rate of 125% up to a certain point. However, under the hypothetical terms of the securities, the effect of the upside participation rate will be progressively reduced for ending levels that are greater than 123.00% of the starting level (assuming a maximum return of 28.75% of the face amount per security or $287.50 per security, the lowest possible maximum return that may be determined on the pricing date) since your return on the securities for any ending level greater than 123.00% of the starting level will be limited to the maximum return.

Example 3. Maturity payment amount is equal to the face amount:

Based on the hypothetical component returns set forth above, the hypothetical ending level would equal:

100 × [1 + (33.33% × -10.00%) + (33.33% × 1.00%) + (33.34% × -6.00%)] = 95.00

The hypothetical basket return in this example is equal to -5.00%.

Because the hypothetical ending level is less than the starting level, but not by more than the buffer amount, you would not lose any of the face amount of your securities.

On the stated maturity date you would receive $1,000.00 per security.

Example 4. Maturity payment amount is less than the face amount:

Based on the hypothetical component returns set forth above, the hypothetical ending level would equal:

100 × [1 + (33.33% × -55.00%) + (33.33% × -80.00%) + (33.34% × -75.00%)] = 30.00

The hypothetical basket return in this example is equal to -70.00%

Because the hypothetical ending level is less than the starting level by more than the buffer amount, you would lose a portion of the face amount of your securities and receive a maturity payment amount equal to:

$1,000 + [$1,000 × (basket return + buffer amount)]

= $1,000 + [$1,000 × (-70.00% + 15%)]

= $450.00

On the stated maturity date you would receive $450.00 per security.

The Basket will represent a weighted portfolio of the three basket components, with the return of each basket component having the basket weighting set forth above. For more information regarding the basket components, see the information provided below.

While historical information on the value of the Basket does not exist, the following graph sets forth the hypothetical historical daily values of the Basket for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 26, 2024, assuming that the Basket was constructed on January 1, 2014 with a starting level of 100.00 and that each of the basket components had the applicable basket weighting as of that day. We obtained the closing prices used in the graph below from Bloomberg Finance L.P. (“Bloomberg”), without independent investigation.

The hypothetical historical Basket values, as calculated solely for the purposes of the offering of the securities, fluctuated in the past and may, in the future, experience significant fluctuations. Any historical upward or downward trend in the value of the Basket during any period shown below is not an indication that the basket return is more likely to be positive or negative during the term of the securities. The hypothetical historical values do not give an indication of future values of the Basket.

Each basket component is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act are required to file financial and other information specified by the SEC periodically. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by the issuer of each basket component can be located on a website maintained by the SEC at https://www.sec.gov by reference to that issuer’s SEC file number provided below. Information from outside sources is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered part of, this pricing supplement. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in outside sources.

According to publicly available information, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a global financial institution that provides a range of financial services to a client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.

The issuer of the GS Stock’s SEC file number is 001-14965. The GS Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “GS.”

Historical Information

We obtained the closing prices of the GS Stock in the graph below from Bloomberg, without independent verification.

The following graph sets forth daily closing prices of the GS Stock for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 26, 2024. The closing price of the GS Stock on December 26, 2024 was $581.23. The historical performance of the GS Stock should not be taken as an indication of the future performance of the GS Stock during the term of the securities.

According to publicly available information, JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a financial services firm engaged in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management.

The issuer of the JPM Stock’s SEC file number is 001-05805. The JPM Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “JPM.”

Historical Information

We obtained the closing prices of the JPM Stock in the graph below from Bloomberg, without independent verification.

The following graph sets forth daily closing prices of the JPM Stock for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 26, 2024. The closing price of the JPM Stock on December 26, 2024 was $243.14. The historical performance of the JPM Stock should not be taken as an indication of the future performance of the JPM Stock during the term of the securities.

According to publicly available information, Morgan Stanley is a financial services firm that advises, and originates, trades, manages and distributes capital for, governments, institutions and individuals.

The issuer of the MS Stock’s SEC file number is 001-11758. The MS Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “MS.”

Historical Information

We obtained the closing prices of the MS Stock in the graph below from Bloomberg, without independent verification.

The following graph sets forth daily closing prices of the MS Stock for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 26, 2024. The closing price of the MS Stock on December 26, 2024 was $128.03. The historical performance of the MS Stock should not be taken as an indication of the future performance of the MS Stock during the term of the securities.

You should review carefully the section in the accompanying product supplement entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations.” The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the securities.

Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased the securities for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to the Basket. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a security.

In the opinion of our counsel, which is based on current market conditions, it is reasonable to treat the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid derivative contracts that are “open transactions,” as described in the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Securities Treated as Prepaid Derivative Contracts that are Open Transactions” in the accompanying product supplement. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court might not agree with it. Moreover, because this treatment of the securities and our counsel’s opinion are based on market conditions as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, each is subject to confirmation on the pricing date. A different tax treatment could be adverse to you. Generally, if this treatment is respected, (i) you should not recognize taxable income or loss prior to the taxable disposition of your securities (including upon maturity or an earlier redemption, if applicable) and (ii) the gain or loss on your securities should be treated as short-term capital gain or loss unless you have held the securities for more than one year, in which case your gain or loss should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss.

We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the treatment of the securities. An alternative characterization of the securities could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the securities, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect.

Non-U.S. holders. As discussed under “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of the Code” in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to non-U.S. holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations, as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a “delta” of one. Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will not apply to the securities with regard to non-U.S. holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) will be provided in the final pricing supplement for the securities.

We will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes.

You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities, including possible alternative treatments, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

The securities are contractual financial instruments. The financial exposure provided by the securities is not a substitute or proxy for, and is not intended as a substitute or proxy for, individualized investment management or advice for the benefit of any purchaser or holder of the securities. The securities have not been designed and will not be administered in a manner intended to reflect the individualized needs and objectives of any purchaser or holder of the securities.

Each purchaser or holder of any securities acknowledges and agrees that:

See “Benefit Plan Investor Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus.