Registration Statement No. 333-275898 Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)
Pricing Supplement   Pricing Supplement dated November 22, 2024 to the Prospectus dated December 20, 2023, the Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023 and the Product Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024		$305,000 Return Notes with Variable Coupons Linked to a Basket of Closed-End Funds, Due November 27, 2026   Royal Bank of Canada

Royal Bank of Canada is offering Return Notes with Variable Coupons (the “Notes”) linked to the performance of an equally weighted basket (the “Basket”) consisting of 12 closed-end funds (each, a “Basket Underlier”) selected by Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), an agent participating in the offering of the Notes.

CUSIP: 78015QNZ0

Investing in the Notes involves a number of risks. See “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page P-8 of this pricing supplement and “Risk Factors” in the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement.

None of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the Notes or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The Notes will not constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. The Notes are not bail-inable notes and are not subject to conversion into our common shares under subsection 39.2(2.3) of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.

⁽¹⁾ RBC Capital Markets, LLC, acting as our agent, will not receive a commission in connection with its sales of the Notes. We or one of our affiliates may pay Raymond James a licensing fee of up to $7.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” below.

The initial estimated value of the Notes determined by us as of the Trade Date, which we refer to as the initial estimated value, is $975.19 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes and is less than the public offering price of the Notes. The market value of the Notes at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted with accuracy and may be less than this amount. We describe the determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.

KEY TERMS

The information in this “Key Terms” section is qualified by any more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement and in the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement.

* Subject to postponement. See “General Terms of the Notes—Postponement of a Determination Date” and “General Terms of the Notes—Postponement of a Payment Date” in the accompanying product supplement.

ADDITIONAL TERMS OF YOUR NOTES

You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus dated December 20, 2023, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated December 20, 2023, relating to our Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J, of which the Notes are a part, and the product supplement no. 1A dated May 16, 2024. This pricing supplement, together with these documents, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours.

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the documents listed below. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. These documents are an offer to sell only the Notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in each such document is current only as of its date.

If the information in this pricing supplement differs from the information contained in the documents listed below, you should rely on the information in this pricing supplement.

You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Selected Risk Considerations” in this pricing supplement and “Risk Factors” in the documents listed below, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes.

You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006777/dp211286_424b2-ps1a.htm

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, “Royal Bank of Canada,” the “Bank,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean only Royal Bank of Canada.

Supplemental Terms of the Notes

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the accompanying product supplement, no adjustments will be made under “General Terms of the Notes—Reference Stocks and Funds—Anti-dilution Adjustments” in the accompanying product supplement with respect to any cash or non-cash distribution on a Basket Underlier that is reflected in any Basket Underlier Distribution Amount for that Basket Underlier.

HYPOTHETICAL RETURNS

The table and examples set forth below illustrate hypothetical payments at maturity for hypothetical performance of the Basket, based on the Note Adjustment Factor of 98.60%. The table and examples are only for illustrative purposes and may not show the actual return applicable to investors.

Investors in the Notes could lose some or all of the principal amount of their Notes at maturity.

SELECTED RISK CONSIDERATIONS

An investment in the Notes involves significant risks. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes. Some of the risks that apply to an investment in the Notes are summarized below, but we urge you to read also the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement. You should not purchase the Notes unless you understand and can bear the risks of investing in the Notes.

Risks Relating to the Terms and Structure of the Notes

beginning on the Trade Date. As a result, the Initial Basket Underlier Values of one or more Basket Underliers may be substantially higher than its market price on the Trade Date.

Risks Relating to the Initial Estimated Value of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes

determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary market price will be less than if the internal funding rate were used.

The value of the Notes at any time after the Trade Date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold the Notes in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from the initial estimated value of the Notes.

Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest and Our Trading Activities

Risks Relating to the Basket Underliers

strategy for that Basket Underlier, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. Each Basket Underlier’s fund manager may be unable, due to general financial, economic and political conditions or due to other factors beyond their control, to achieve their respective investment objectives. In addition, the value of a Basket Underlier will also reflect transaction costs and fees (including, without limitation, investment advisory fees, audit fees and the fees of an independent board of directors) in addition to any such fees incurred in connection with individual portfolio investments or that are not associated with such individual portfolio investments that will reduce its performance relative to its individual portfolio investments.

Risks Relating to Closed-End Funds

be adversely affected if the Basket Underliers experience decreases in premiums or increases in discounts, which is a separate risk from the risk of a decline in the value of the Notes due to decreases in the NAVs of the Basket Underliers.

Basket Underliers may also purchase a participation interest in a corporate loan and by doing so acquire some or all of the interest of a bank or other lending institution in a loan to a corporate borrower. A participation interest typically will result in that Basket Underlier having a contractual relationship only with the lender, not the borrower. In this instance, the relevant Basket Underlier will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower. If a Basket Underlier acquires only a participation in the loan made by a third party, that Basket Underlier may not be able to control the exercise of any remedies that the lender would have under the terms of the corporate loan. Such third-party participation arrangements are designed to give corporate loan investors preferential treatment over high-yield investors in the event of a deterioration in the credit quality of the applicable issuer. Even when these arrangements exist, however, there can be no assurance that the principal and interest owed on a corporate loan will be repaid in full.

During periods of declining interest rates, the issuer of a security may exercise its option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing a Basket Underlier to reinvest in lower-yielding securities. This is known as call or prepayment risk. Preferred and debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to repurchase the security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may redeem an obligation if the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the security. Any of these events may adversely affect the value of any given Basket Underlier, and the value of your Notes.

traditional methods of financing. The prices of these lower-grade securities are typically more sensitive to negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer’s revenues or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher-grade securities. The secondary market for high-yield securities may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly-rated securities, a factor which may have an adverse effect on a Basket Underlier’s ability to dispose of a particular security. There are fewer dealers in the market for high-yield securities than for investment-grade obligations. The prices quoted by different dealers may vary significantly and the spread between the bid and ask price is generally much larger than for higher quality instruments. Under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for high-yield securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, and these instruments may become illiquid. As a result, a Basket Underlier could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than the prices used in calculating a Basket Underlier’s NAV.

factors in those countries, or global regions, including changes in government, economic and fiscal policies and currency exchange laws.

INFORMATION REGARDING THE BASKET UNDERLIERS

Each Basket Underlier is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act are required to file financial and other information specified by the SEC periodically. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by the issuer of each Basket Underlier can be located on a website maintained by the SEC at https://www.sec.gov by reference to that issuer’s SEC file number provided below. Information from outside sources is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered part of, this pricing supplement. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in outside sources.

According to publicly available information:

Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its total assets in equity securities issued by companies engaged in utilities, infrastructure or power opportunities businesses.

Historical Information

The following graphs set forth historical closing values of the Basket Underliers for the period from January 1, 2014 (or from the initial listing date, if later) to November 22, 2024. We obtained the information in the graphs from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent investigation. We cannot give you assurance that the performance of the Basket Underliers will result in the return of all of your initial investment.

Virtus Artificial Intelligence & Technology Opportunities Fund

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

BlackRock Health Sciences Trust

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

BlackRock Science and Technology Trust

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

John Hancock Financial Opportunities Fund

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

BlackRock Utilities, Infrastructure & Power Opportunities Trust

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

John Hancock Tax-Advantaged Dividend Income Fund

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

NYLI CBRE Global Infrastructure Megatrends Term Fund

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

Cohen & Steers REIT and Preferred and Income Fund, Inc.

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

Cohen & Steers Quality Income Realty Fund, Inc.

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

Columbia Seligman Premium Technology Growth Fund, Inc.

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

abrdn Healthcare Opportunities Fund

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

Reaves Utility Income Fund

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

License Agreement

We have entered into a license agreement with Raymond James, under which we have obtained the right to use certain trademarks of Raymond James in connection with our issuance of the Notes. Under the license agreement, we have agreed to pay Raymond James a fee of up to 0.70% of the principal amount of the Notes. The license agreement requires this section to state the following:

Solely by participating in this offering, Raymond James makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Notes or any member of the public regarding the ability of the Basket to track general or industry-specific stock market performance. Raymond James and its third-party licensors have no obligation to take the needs of Royal Bank of Canada or the owners of the Notes into consideration in determining or composing the Basket. RBCCM is Calculation Agent for the Notes and will have discretion in making various determinations and calculations that affect the Notes, and Raymond James is not responsible for any such determinations or calculations. Raymond James has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration of the Notes.

Raymond James has licensed certain of its trademarks to us. The mark “RAYMOND JAMES” is a trademark of Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and/or its affiliates, and has been licensed for our use.

UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

You should review carefully the section in the accompanying product supplement entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.” The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Notes.

Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased the Notes for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to the Basket Underliers. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a Note.

In the opinion of our counsel, it is reasonable to treat the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid financial contracts with associated coupons, and any coupons as ordinary income, as described in the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Notes Treated as Prepaid Financial Contracts with Associated Coupons” in the accompanying product supplement. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court might not agree with it. A different tax treatment could be adverse to you. Generally, if this treatment is respected, subject to the potential application of the “constructive ownership” regime discussed below, (i) you should not recognize taxable income or loss prior to the taxable disposition of your Notes (including upon maturity or an earlier redemption, if applicable) and (ii) the gain or loss on your Notes should be treated as short-term capital gain or loss unless you have held the Notes for more than one year, in which case your gain or loss should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss.

Even if the treatment of the Notes as prepaid financial contracts is respected, purchasing a Note is likely to be treated as entering into a “constructive ownership transaction” within the meaning of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 1260”). In that case, all or a portion of any long-term capital gain you would otherwise recognize upon the taxable disposition of the Note would be recharacterized as ordinary income to the extent such gain exceeded the “net underlying long-term capital gain” as defined in Section 1260. Any long-term capital gain recharacterized as ordinary income would be treated as accruing at a constant rate over the period you held the Note, and you would be subject to a notional interest charge in respect of the deemed tax liability on the income treated as accruing in prior tax years. Due to the lack of direct legal authority, our counsel is unable to opine as to whether or how Section 1260 applies to the Notes.

In addition, an interest in a Note could potentially be recharacterized as an ownership interest in the Underliers. In that case, among other consequences, you would be subject to tax over the term of the Note on your allocable share of taxable distributions made by the Underliers, which in any year you hold the Note could be different from the amount of coupons you actually receive in that year. Accordingly, this alternative treatment could result in adverse tax consequences to you. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the possible consequences to you if your interest in the Notes were so recharacterized.

We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the treatment of the Notes. An alternative characterization of the Notes could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the Notes, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, possibly with retroactive effect.

Non-U.S. Holders. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of the coupons is unclear. To the extent that we have withholding responsibility in respect of the Notes, we would expect generally to treat the coupons as subject to U.S. withholding tax. Moreover, you should expect that, if the applicable withholding agent determines that withholding tax should apply, it will be at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). In order to claim an exemption from, or a reduction in, the 30% withholding under an applicable treaty, you may need to comply with certification requirements to establish that you are not a U.S. person and

are eligible for such an exemption or reduction under an applicable tax treaty. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment of the coupons.

As discussed under “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of the Code” in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations, as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a “delta” of one. Based on our determination that the Notes are delta-one instruments, the Notes will be subject to withholding under Section 871(m). It is possible that a withholding agent will withhold under Section 871(m) with respect to the Notes in addition to any withholding tax imposed on coupons (as described above), in which case the application of Section 871(m) to the Notes could significantly increase your tax liability in respect of the Notes. In addition, the timing of withholding under Section 871(m) may not align with the coupon payment dates, for example when a distribution payable with respect to an Underlier in one taxable year is included in a coupon payment in a subsequent year. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the possibility of additional withholding tax and the timing of withholding under Section 871(m).

We will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes.

You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, including possible alternative treatments and the potential application of the “constructive ownership” regime, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION (CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)

The Notes are offered initially to investors at a purchase price equal to par. We or one of our affiliates may pay Raymond James a licensing fee as set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. We, either ourselves or through RBCCM, as agent, have entered into an arrangement with Raymond James under which Raymond James will act as an agent in connection with the distribution of the Notes. Such distribution may occur on or subsequent to the Issue Date.

RBCCM or another of its affiliates or agents may use this pricing supplement in the initial sale of the Notes. In addition, RBCCM or another of our affiliates may use this pricing supplement in a market-making transaction in the Notes after their initial sale. Unless we or our agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this pricing supplement is being used in a market-making transaction.

For additional information about the settlement cycle of the Notes, see “Plan of Distribution” in the accompanying prospectus. For additional information as to the relationship between us and RBCCM, see the section “Plan of Distribution—Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying prospectus.

STRUCTURING THE NOTES

The Notes are our debt securities. As is the case for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the Notes reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness. In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us, we typically borrow the funds under structured notes at a rate that is lower than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. The lower internal funding rate, the licensing fee and the hedging-related costs relating to the Notes reduce the economic terms of the Notes to you and result in the initial estimated value for the Notes being less than their public offering price. Unlike the initial estimated value, any value of the Notes determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction may be based on a secondary market rate, which may result in a lower value for the Notes than if our initial internal funding rate were used.

In order to satisfy our payment obligations under the Notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives) with RBCCM and/or one of our other subsidiaries. The terms of these hedging arrangements take into account a number of factors, including our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, volatility and the tenor of the Notes. The economic terms of the Notes and the initial estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.

See “Selected Risk Considerations—Risks Relating to the Initial Estimated Value of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes—The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Is Less Than the Public Offering Price” above.

VALIDITY OF THE NOTES

In the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, as Canadian counsel to the Bank, the issue and sale of the Notes has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Bank in conformity with the indenture, and when the Notes have been duly executed, authenticated and issued in accordance with the indenture and delivered against payment therefor, the Notes will be validly issued and, to the extent validity of the Notes is a matter governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario or Québec, or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein, will be valid obligations of the Bank, subject to the following limitations: (i) the enforceability of the indenture may be limited by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act (Canada), the Winding-up and Restructuring Act (Canada) and bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, moratorium, arrangement or winding-up laws or other similar laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally; (ii) the enforceability of the indenture is subject to general equitable principles, including the principle that the availability of equitable remedies, such as specific performance and injunction, may only be granted at the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction; (iii) under applicable limitations statutes generally, including that the enforceability of the indenture will be subject to the limitations contained in the Limitations Act, 2002 (Ontario), and such counsel expresses no opinion as to whether a court may find any provision of the indenture to be unenforceable as an attempt to vary or exclude a limitation period under such applicable limitations statutes; (iv) rights to indemnity and contribution under the Notes or the indenture which may be limited by applicable law; and (v) courts in Canada are precluded from giving a judgment in any currency other than the lawful money of Canada and such judgment may be based on a rate of exchange in existence on a day other than the day of payment, as prescribed by the Currency Act (Canada). This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Québec and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the genuineness of signatures and to such counsel’s reliance on the Bank and other sources as to certain factual matters, all as stated in the opinion letter of such counsel dated December 20, 2023, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.3 to the Bank’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC dated December 20, 2023.

In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, as special United States products counsel to the Bank, when the Notes offered by this pricing supplement have been issued by the Bank pursuant to the indenture, the trustee has made, in accordance with the indenture, the appropriate notation to the master note evidencing such Notes (the “master note”), and such Notes have been delivered against payment as contemplated herein, such Notes will be valid and binding obligations of the Bank, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith) and possible judicial or regulatory actions or applications giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors’ rights, provided that such counsel expresses no opinion

as to (i) the enforceability of any waiver of rights under any usury or stay law or (ii) the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York. Insofar as the foregoing opinion involves matters governed by the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Québec and the federal laws of Canada, you have received, and we understand that you are relying upon, the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, Canadian counsel for the Bank, set forth above. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the authentication of the master note and the validity, binding nature and enforceability of the indenture with respect to the trustee, all as stated in the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP dated May 16, 2024, which has been filed as an exhibit to the Bank’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2024.

ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS

EX-FILING FEES

IDEA: R1.htm

IDEA: R2.htm

IDEA: Financial_Report.xlsx

IDEA: FilingSummary.xml

IDEA: MetaLinks.json

IDEA: dp221157_exfilingfees_htm.xml