Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF
Prospectus
Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF Shares (VCRM)
(Fees paid directly from your investment)
|
| |
|
Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales |
|
|
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends |
|
*
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
|
| |
|
Management Fees |
% |
|
12b-1 Distribution Fee |
|
|
Other Expenses |
% |
|
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1
|
% |
1
|
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
$ |
$ |
1
2
3
• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc., it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.
4
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Mathew M. Kiselak, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since its inception in November 2024.
Stephen M. McFee, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since its inception in November 2024.
Stephen M. McFee, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since its inception in November 2024.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. A majority of the income dividends that you receive from the Fund are expected to be exempt from federal income and alternative minimum taxes. However, a portion of the Fund’s distributions may be subject to federal income and alternative minimum taxes. Dividend and capital gains distributions that you receive may also be subject to state and local income taxes.You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
5
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
6
Investing in Vanguard ETF®Shares
What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?
Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund.
How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?
Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).
An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.
The market price of a fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.
How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?
ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe
7
market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.
Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.
8
Investing in Tax-Exempt Funds
What Are Municipal Bond Funds?
Municipal bond funds invest primarily in interest-bearing securities issued by state and local governments and by other governmental authorities to support their needs or to finance public projects. A municipal bond—like a bond issued by a corporation or the U.S. government—obligates the issuer to pay the bondholder a fixed or variable amount of interest periodically and to repay the principal value of the bond on a specific maturity date. Unlike most other bonds, however, municipal bonds generally pay interest that is exempt from federal income taxes and, in some cases, from state and local taxes. For certain shareholders, the interest may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Taxable Versus Tax-Exempt Funds
Yields on tax-exempt bonds—such as some municipal bonds—are typically lower than those on taxable bonds, so investing in a tax-exempt fund makes sense only if you stand to save more in taxes than you would earn as additional income while invested in a taxable fund.
Yields on tax-exempt bonds—such as some municipal bonds—are typically lower than those on taxable bonds, so investing in a tax-exempt fund makes sense only if you stand to save more in taxes than you would earn as additional income while invested in a taxable fund.
To determine whether a tax-exempt fund—such as Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF—makes sense for you, compute the tax-exempt fund’s taxable-equivalent yield. This figure enables you to take taxes into account when comparing your potential return on a tax-exempt fund with the potential return on a taxable fund.
To compute the taxable-equivalent yield, divide the tax-exempt fund’s yield by the difference between 100% and your federal tax bracket. For example, if you are in the 37% tax bracket and subject to the 3.8% Medicare tax, and can earn a tax-exempt yield of 5%, the taxable-equivalent yield would be 8.45% (5% divided by 59.2% [i.e., 100% – 37% – 3.8%]).
In this example, you would choose the tax-exempt fund if its taxable-equivalent yield of 8.45% were greater than the yield of a similar, though taxable, investment.
Remember that we have used an assumed tax rate and bracket in this example. Actual taxable-equivalent yields depend on your individual tax situation. Make sure to verify your actual effective marginal rate before calculating taxable-equivalent yields of your own.
There is no guarantee that all of a tax-exempt fund’s income from its municipal bonds will remain exempt from federal, state, or local income taxes. Income from municipal bonds held by a fund could be declared taxable, possibly with retroactive effect, because of unfavorable changes in tax laws, adverse interpretations by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or state or local tax authorities, or noncompliant conduct of a bond issuer.
9
More on the Fund and ETF Shares
This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this
symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.
symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.A Note to Investors
Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from the Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker.
|
Plain Talk About Fund Expenses |
|
All funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets
of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees
and Expenses section, Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF Shares’
expense ratio would be 0.12%, or $1.20 per $1,000 of average net assets. |
|
Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
|
Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a
fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells
securities of ETF Shares. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the
gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly
small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a
fund’s performance. |
10
The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.
Market Exposure
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in municipal bonds denominated in U.S. dollars from a variety of issuers that are primarily U.S. states or local governments or agencies whose interest is exempt from federal income taxes and the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT). As a result, the Fund is subject to certain risks.
The Fund is subject to interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates.
Although fixed income securities (commonly referred to as bonds) are often thought to be less risky than stocks, there have been periods when bond prices have fallen significantly because of rising interest rates. For instance, prices of long-term bonds fell by almost 48% between December 1976 and September 1981.
To illustrate the relationship between bond prices and interest rates, the following table shows the effect of a 1% and a 2% change (both up and down) in interest rates on the values of three noncallable bonds (i.e., bonds that cannot be redeemed by the issuer) of different maturities, each with a face value of $1,000.
How Interest Rate Changes Affect the Value of a $1,000 Bond1
|
Type of Bond (Maturity) |
After a 1%
Increase |
After a 1%
Decrease |
After a 2%
Increase |
After a 2%
Decrease |
|
Short-Term (2.5 years) |
$977 |
$1,024 |
$954 |
$1,049 |
|
Intermediate-Term (10 years) |
922 |
1,086 |
851 |
1,180 |
|
Long-Term (20 years) |
874 |
1,150 |
769 |
1,328 |
1 Assuming a 4% coupon rate.
These figures are for illustration only; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of the bond market as a whole or the Fund in particular.
11
|
Plain Talk About Bonds and Interest Rates |
|
As a rule, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall. The opposite is also true:
bond prices go up when interest rates fall. Why do bond prices and interest
rates move in opposite directions? Let’s assume that you hold a bond
offering a 4% yield. A year later, interest rates are on the rise and bonds of
comparable quality and maturity are offered with a 5% yield. With
higher-yielding bonds available, you would have trouble selling your 4% bond
for the price you paid—you would probably have to lower your asking price.
On the other hand, if interest rates were falling and 3% bonds were being
offered, you should be able to sell your 4% bond for more than you paid. |
Changes in interest rates can affect bond income as well as bond prices.
The Fund is subject to income risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. A fund’s income declines when interest rates fall because the fund then must invest new cash flow and cash from maturing bonds in lower-yielding bonds.
|
Plain Talk About Bond Maturities |
|
A bond is issued with a specific maturity date—the date when the issuer must
pay back the bond’s principal (face value). Bond maturities range from less
than 1 year to more than 30 years. Typically, the longer a bond’s maturity, the
more price risk you, as a bond investor, will face as interest rates rise—but
also the higher the potential yield you could receive. Longer-term bonds are
generally more suitable for investors willing to take a greater risk of price
fluctuations to get higher and more stable interest income. Shorter-term bond
investors should be willing to accept lower yields and greater income
variability in return for less fluctuation in the value of their investment. The
stated maturity of a bond may differ from the effective maturity of a bond,
which takes into consideration that an action such as a call or refunding may
cause bonds to be repaid before their stated maturity dates. |
Although falling interest rates tend to strengthen bond prices, they can cause another problem for bond fund investors—bond calls and prepayments.
12
The Fund is subject to call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate.
Call risk is generally low for short-term bonds, moderate for intermediate-term bonds, and higher for long-term bonds. The greater the call risk, the greater the chance for a decline in income and the potential for taxable capital gains.
|
Plain Talk About Callable Bonds |
|
Although bonds are issued with clearly defined maturities, in some cases the
bond issuer has a right to call in (redeem) the bond earlier than its maturity
date. When a bond is called, the bondholder may have to replace it with
another bond with a lower yield than the original bond. One way for bond
investors to protect themselves against call risk is to purchase a bond early
in its lifetime, long before its call date. Another way is to buy bonds with lower
coupon rates or interest rates, which make them less likely to be called. |
The Fund is subject to prepayment risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, homeowners will refinance their mortgages before their maturity dates, resulting in prepayment of mortgage-backed securities held by the Fund. The Fund would then lose any price appreciation above the mortgage’s principal and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income. Such prepayments and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate.
The Fund is subject to extension risk, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall.
The Fund is subject to credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline. In general, credit risk should be relatively low for the Fund because it invests primarily in bonds that are considered to be of high quality.
13
|
Plain Talk About Credit Quality |
|
A bond’s credit quality rating is an assessment of the issuer’s ability to pay
interest on the bond and, ultimately, to repay the principal. The lower the
credit quality, the greater the perceived chance that the bond issuer will
default, or fail to meet its payment obligations. All things being equal, the
lower a bond’s credit quality, the higher its yield should be to compensate
investors for assuming additional risk. |
The majority of the Fund’s exposure to fixed income securities is expected to have credit quality that is investment-grade.
The Fund may invest no more than 20% of its assets in non-investment-grade fixed income securities, or junk bonds. Non-investment-grade fixed income securities are those rated the equivalent of Moody’s Ba1 or below or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Fund’s advisor. These bonds carry a high degree of risk and are considered speculative by the major rating agencies.
The Fund may invest no more than 20% of its assets in non-investment-grade fixed income securities, or junk bonds. Non-investment-grade fixed income securities are those rated the equivalent of Moody’s Ba1 or below or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Fund’s advisor. These bonds carry a high degree of risk and are considered speculative by the major rating agencies.
|
Plain Talk About High-Yield Bonds |
|
High-yield bonds, or “junk bonds,” are issued by companies or other entities
whose ability to pay interest and principal on the debt in a timely manner is
considered questionable. Such bonds are rated “below investment-grade” by
independent rating agencies and are considered speculative. Because they
have greater credit risk than investment-grade bonds, similar maturity
high-yield bonds typically must pay more interest to attract investors. Some
high-yield bonds are issued by smaller, less-seasoned companies, while
others are issued as part of a corporate restructuring, such as an acquisition,
a merger, or a leveraged buyout. Some high-yield bonds were once rated as
investment-grade but have been downgraded to junk bond status because of
financial difficulties experienced by their issuers. Conversely, an issuer’s
improving financial condition may result in an upgrading of its junk bonds to
investment-grade status. |
The Fund is subject to liquidity risk, which is the chance that the Fund may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price.
14
Municipal securities are traded via a network among dealers and brokers that connect buyers with sellers. Liquidity in the tax-exempt bond market may be reduced as a result of overall economic conditions and credit tightening. There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular bonds and other debt securities, which may make them more difficult to value or sell.
The Fund is subject to tax risk, which is the chance that all or a portion of the tax-exempt income from municipal bonds held by the Fund will be declared taxable, possibly with retroactive effect, because of unfavorable changes in tax laws, adverse interpretations by the Internal Revenue Service or state or local tax authorities, or noncompliant conduct of a bond issuer.
The Fund is subject to regional risk, which is the chance that economic, political, or regulatory occurrences within a certain state may adversely affect the value of securities offered by issuers located within that state. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities located in any one state, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area.
The Fund is subject to nondiversification risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of bonds issued by just a few issuers or even a single issuer. The Fund is considered nondiversified, which means that it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in bonds issued by a small number of issuers as compared with diversified funds.
Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.
Security Selection
Vanguard’s actively managed fixed income funds follow a portfolio manager-driven process that uses both top-down and bottom-up inputs. Portfolio managers are responsible for portfolio construction and strategy, incorporating the top-down insights of Vanguard’s senior investment leaders and Vanguard’s Investment Strategy Group, the bottom-up insights of the sector teams, and the relative value views across fixed income sectors. Risk management measures are present throughout the investment process, and the Senior Investment Committee provides governance and oversight for the entire lineup. Securities are sold based on the advisor’s judgments about a security’s fundamentals, technical factors, valuation, and contribution to the overall portfolio. As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in tax-exempt securities under normal market conditions.
15
The Fund may make use of the unique features of the ETF structure, such as in-kind transactions and custom baskets, to select securities. The types of financial Instruments that may be purchased by the Fund are identified and explained as follows:
• Municipal bonds represent loans by an investor to state or local governments or to other governmental authorities.
• Mortgage-backed securities represent partial ownership interest in pools of commercial or residential mortgage loans made by financial institutions to finance a borrower’s real estate purchase. These loans are packaged by private or governmental issuers for sale to investors. As the underlying mortgage loans are paid by borrowers, the investors receive payments of interest and principal.
The Fund may also invest in mortgage-backed securities that are packaged by private corporations and are not guaranteed by the U.S. government.
• U.S. government and agency bonds represent loans by investors to the U.S. Treasury or a wide variety of government agencies and instrumentalities. Securities issued by most U.S. government entities are neither guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury nor backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These entities include, among others, the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and a small number of U.S. government agencies, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The market values of U.S. government and agency securities and U.S. Treasury securities are subject to inflation.
• Cash equivalent investments is a blanket term that describes a variety of short-term fixed income investments, including money market instruments, commercial paper, bank certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances, and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements represent short-term (normally overnight) loans by a fund to banks or large securities dealers. Repurchase agreements can carry several risks. For instance, if the seller is unable to repurchase the securities as promised, a fund may experience a loss when trying to sell the securities to another buyer. Also, if the seller becomes insolvent, a bankruptcy court may determine that the securities do not belong to a fund and order that the securities be used to pay off the seller’s debts. The Fund’s advisor believes that these risks can be controlled through careful security selection and monitoring.
16
• Futures, options, and other derivatives are described in detail under Other Investment Policies and Risks.
The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.
|
Plain Talk About U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises |
|
A variety of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), such as the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), the Federal National
Mortgage Association (FNMA), and the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs),
issue debt and mortgage-backed securities. Although GSEs may be chartered
or sponsored by acts of Congress, they are not funded by congressional
appropriations. In September of 2008, the U.S. Treasury placed FNMA and
FHLMC under conservatorship and appointed the Federal Housing Finance
Agency (FHFA) to manage their daily operations. In addition, the U.S. Treasury
entered into purchase agreements with FNMA and FHLMC to provide them
with capital in exchange for senior preferred stock. Generally, a GSE’s
securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and are not
backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. In most cases, these
securities are supported only by the credit of the GSE, standing alone. In some
cases, a GSE’s securities may be supported by the ability of the GSE to
borrow from the U.S. Treasury or may be supported by the U.S. government in
some other way. Securities issued by the Government National Mortgage
Association (GNMA), however, are backed by the full faith and credit of the
U.S. government. |
Other Investment Policies and Risks
In addition to investing in municipal bonds, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its investment objective, including nonpublic, investment-grade securities generally referred to as 144A securities, as well as smaller public issues or medium-term notes. Some of these investments may generate taxable income, and thus the Fund may need to distribute income subject to federal personal income tax or the alternative minimum tax.
The Fund may purchase tax-exempt securities on a “when-issued” basis. When investing in “when-issued” securities, the Fund agrees to buy the securities at a certain price on a certain date, even if the market price of the securities at the time of delivery is higher or lower than the agreed-upon purchase price.
The Fund may purchase tax-exempt securities on a “when-issued” basis. When investing in “when-issued” securities, the Fund agrees to buy the securities at a certain price on a certain date, even if the market price of the securities at the time of delivery is higher or lower than the agreed-upon purchase price.
17
The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.
|
Plain Talk About Derivatives |
|
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as
exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or
indexes—have been trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These
types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and
sold and whose market values are determined and published daily. On the
other hand, non-exchange-traded derivatives—such as certain swap
agreements—tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value. |
The Fund may invest a small portion of its assets in shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). These ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of bonds. The Fund may purchase ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs, facilitate cash management, mitigate risk, or have the potential to add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.
Cash Management
The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund. Investment in a CMT Fund may generate taxable income for the Fund and potentially may require the Fund to distribute income subject to federal personal income tax or the alternative minimum tax.
18
Redemption Requests
Methods used to meet redemption requests. Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by the Fund; see “How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?” If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.
Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.
Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a Vanguard fund or a share class of a Vanguard fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. For example, actions taken by Vanguard could include changes to a Vanguard fund’s advisor(s), portfolio manager(s), and/or the composition of its portfolio. For a Vanguard fund of funds, this could involve a withdrawal from an underlying Vanguard fund or a change in the allocation to the underlying Vanguard funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a Vanguard fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.
A large redemption could adversely affect a Vanguard fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a Vanguard fund’s advisor(s) to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The advisor’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require a Vanguard fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the Vanguard fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for a Vanguard fund due to commissions paid by the Vanguard fund.
Temporary Investment Measures
The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s
19
investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. By temporarily departing from its normal investment policies, the Fund may distribute income subject to federal personal income tax or the alternative minimum tax and may otherwise fail to meet its objective.
Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares
ETF Shares are not individually redeemable. They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.
The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.
Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com shows the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares’ Price & Performance page, how frequently the Fund’s ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.
An active trading market may not exist. Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.
20
Trading may be halted. Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.
A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.
Shareholder Rights
The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Fund’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Frequent Trading and Market-Timing
Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund’s conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful
21
effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.
Portfolio Holdings
Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
Turnover Rate
Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account. The Fund has no operating history, and therefore has no portfolio turnover information.
The Fund and Vanguard
The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.
|
Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure |
|
Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the
shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by
management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or
private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. |
22
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Fixed Income Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.
Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.
For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the Fund’s first Financial Statements and Other Information following the Fund’s commencement of operations.
The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:
Mathew M. Kiselak, Principal of Vanguard. He has worked in investment management since 1987, has managed investment portfolios since 1990, has been with Vanguard since 2010, and has co-managed the Fund since its inception in November 2024. Education: B.S., Pace University.
Stephen M. McFee, CFA, Portfolio Manager and co-lead of the municipal revenue team in Vanguard’s Fixed Income Group. He has been with Vanguard since 2005, has worked in investment management since 2007, and has co-managed the Fund since its inception in November 2024. Education: B.A./B.S., East Stroudsburg University; M.S., St. Joseph’s University.
Stephen M. McFee, CFA, Portfolio Manager and co-lead of the municipal revenue team in Vanguard’s Fixed Income Group. He has been with Vanguard since 2005, has worked in investment management since 2007, and has co-managed the Fund since its inception in November 2024. Education: B.A./B.S., East Stroudsburg University; M.S., St. Joseph’s University.
23
The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes
Fund Distributions
The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are declared monthly and distributed as soon as practicable thereafter; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December and distributed as soon as practicable thereafter. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make one or more supplemental distribution at other times during the year.
|
Plain Talk About Distributions |
|
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from
interest as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of interest the fund earns from its money market and bond
investments. The portion of such dividends that is exempt from federal
income tax will be designated as “exempt-interest dividends.” Capital gains
are realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid
for them. These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending
on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than
one year. |
Reinvestment of Distributions
In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in the Fund’s ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker’s own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker’s outside clearing firm or the DTC. If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.
24
As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur two business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of the Fund’s shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund’s income, gains, and losses.
Basic Tax Points
Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:
• A majority of the income dividends you receive are expected to be exempt from federal and alternative minimum taxes.
• Distributions of capital gains and any investment income that is not exempt from federal income tax are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.
• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.
• Any short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income.
• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.
• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.
• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.
• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.
• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.
• Exempt-interest dividends from a tax-exempt fund are taken into account in determining the taxable portion of any Social Security or railroad retirement benefits that you receive.
25
• Income paid from tax-exempt bonds whose proceeds are used to fund private, for-profit organizations may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.
Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund (except exempt-interest dividends) and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.
Income dividends and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.
Income dividends from interest earned on municipal securities of a state or its political subdivisions are generally exempt from that state’s income taxes. Almost all states, however, tax interest earned on municipal securities of other states. Vanguard (or your intermediary) will annually provide you with information to help report your earnings by state from the Fund on your annual tax returns.
This prospectus provides general tax information only. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.
Share Price and Market Price
Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, of the Fund by the number of shares outstanding. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares.
Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers).
26
Debt securities held by a Vanguard fund are valued based on information furnished by an independent pricing service or market quotations, and are priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).
The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.
The fund also may use fair-value pricing on bond market holidays when the fund is open for business (such as Columbus Day and Veterans Day). Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by the fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.
The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
Vanguard’s website will show the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares.
27
Additional Information
The Fund’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.
|
Vanguard Fund |
Inception
Date |
|
Vanguard
Fund Number |
CUSIP
Number |
|
Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF |
— |
|
V040 |
922907712 |
Certain affiliates of the Fund and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.
CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2024 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.
28
CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.
The S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and has been licensed for use by Vanguard. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). The trademarks have been licensed to SPDJI and have been sublicensed for use for certain purposes by Vanguard. Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF particularly or the ability of the S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to Vanguard with respect to the S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index is the licensing of the index and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to Vanguard or Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of Vanguard or the owners of Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index. S&P Dow Jones Indices is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF or the timing of the issuance or sale of Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF is to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P BROAD AMT-FREE MUNICIPAL BOND INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD CORE TAX-EXEMPT BOND ETF, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE S&P NATIONAL AMT-FREE MUNICIPAL BOND INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P BROAD AMT-FREE MUNICIPAL BOND INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD CORE TAX-EXEMPT BOND ETF, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE S&P NATIONAL AMT-FREE MUNICIPAL BOND INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF
29
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND VANGUARD, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.
30
Glossary of Investment Terms
Authorized Participant. Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund’s Distributor.
Average Maturity. The average length of time until bonds held by a fund reach maturity and are repaid. In general, the longer the average maturity, the more a fund’s share price fluctuates in response to changes in market interest rates. In calculating average maturity, a fund uses a bond’s maturity or, if applicable, an earlier date on which the advisor believes it is likely that a maturity-shortening device (such as a call, put, refunding, prepayment, or redemption provision or an adjustable coupon rate) will cause the bond to be repaid.
Bid-Ask Spread. The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.
Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.
Coupon Rate. The interest rate paid by the issuer of a debt security until its maturity. It is expressed as an annual percentage of the face value of the security.
Creation Unit. A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as “Authorized Participants” may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.
Dividend Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.
Duration. A measure of the sensitivity of bond—and bond fund—prices to interest rate movements. For example, if a bond has a duration of two years, its price would fall by approximately 2% when interest rates rise by 1%. On the other hand, the bond’s price would rise by approximately 2% when interest rates fall by 1%.
Ex-Dividend Date. The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).
31
Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.
Face Value. The amount to be paid at a bond’s maturity; also known as the par value or principal.
Fixed Income Security. An investment, such as a bond, representing a debt that must be repaid by a specified date, and on which the borrower may pay a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest.
Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.
Investment-Grade Bond. A debt security whose credit quality is considered by independent bond rating agencies, or through independent analysis conducted by a fund’s advisor, to be sufficient to ensure timely payment of principal and interest under current economic circumstances. Debt securities rated in one of the four highest rating categories are considered investment-grade. Other debt securities may be considered by an advisor to be investment-grade.
Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.
Municipal Bond. A bond issued by a state or local government or by other governmental authorities. Interest income from municipal bonds, and therefore dividend income from municipal bond funds, is generally free from federal income taxes and generally exempt from taxes in the state in which the bonds were issued.
Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.
32
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.
Non-Investment-Grade Bond. A debt security whose credit quality is considered by independent bond rating agencies, or through independent analysis conducted by a fund’s advisor, to be below investment-grade. These high-risk corporate bonds have a credit quality rating equivalent to or below Moody’s Ba or S&P Global Ratings BB and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.”
Par. The amount to be paid at a bond’s maturity; also known as the face value.
Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.
Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.
S&P Broad AMT-Free Municipal Bond Index. An index that measures the performance of the investment-grade municipal bonds that are exempt from U.S. federal income tax and the alternative minimum tax (AMT).
Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.
Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.
Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.
Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.
Connect with Vanguard®˃ vanguard.com
For More Information
If you would like more information about Vanguard Core Tax-Exempt Bond ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:
Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR
Additional information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund’s ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.
To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements (once available), or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:
Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273
Information Provided by the SEC
Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00121
© 2024 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
P V040 112024