NOTE 1: BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying condensed financial statements of Vivos Inc. (the “Company”) have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the results of operations of the Company for the period presented. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period or the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024.

Business Overview

The Company was incorporated under the laws of Delaware on December 23, 1994 as Savage Mountain Sports Corporation (“SMSC”). On September 6, 2006, the Company changed its name to Advanced Medical Isotope Corporation, and on December 28, 2017, the Company began operating as Vivos Inc. The Company has authorized capital of 950,000,000 shares of common stock (“Common Stock”), $0.001 par value per share, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock (“Preferred Stock”), $0.001 par value per share.

Our principal place of business is located at 1030 North Center Parkway, Kennewick, WA 99336. Our telephone number is (509) 222-2222. Our corporate website address is http://www.radiogel.com. Our Common Stock is currently quoted on the OTC Pink Marketplace under the symbol “RDGL.”

The Company is a radiation oncology medical device company engaged in the development of its yttrium-90 based brachytherapy device, RadioGel^™, for the treatment of non-resectable tumors. A prominent team of radiochemists, scientists and engineers, collaborating with strategic partners, including national laboratories, universities and private corporations, lead the Company’s development efforts. The Company’s overall vision is to globally empower physicians, medical researchers, and patients by providing them with new isotope technologies that offer safe and effective treatments for cancer.

In January 2018, the Center for Veterinary Medicine Product Classification Group ruled that RadioGel ^™should be classified as a device for animal therapy of feline sarcomas and canine soft tissue sarcomas. Additionally, after a legal review, the Company believes that the device classification obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) Center for Veterinary Medicine is not limited to canine and feline sarcomas, but rather may be extended to a much broader population of veterinary cancers, including all or most solid tumors in animals. We expect the result of such classification and label review will be that no additional regulatory approvals are necessary for the use of IsoPet^® for the treatment of solid tumors in animals. The FDA does not have premarket authority over devices with a veterinary classification, and the manufacturers are responsible for assuring that the product is safe, effective, properly labeled, and otherwise in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Based on the FDA’s recommendation, RadioGel^™ will be marketed as “IsoPet^®” for use by veterinarians to avoid any confusion between animal and human therapy. The Company already has trademark protection for the “IsoPet^®” name. IsoPet^® and RadioGel^™ are used synonymously throughout this document. The only distinction between IsoPet^® and RadioGel^™ is the FDA’s recommendation that we use “IsoPet^®” for veterinarian usage, and reserve “RadioGel^™” for human therapy. Based on these developments, the Company has shifted its primary focus to the development and marketing of Isopet^® for animal therapy, through the Company’s IsoPet^® Solutions division.

IsoPet Solutions

The Company’s IsoPet Solutions division was established in May 2016 to focus on the veterinary oncology market, namely engagement of university veterinarian hospitals to develop the detailed therapy procedures to treat animal tumors and ultimately use of the technology in private clinics. The Company has worked with three different university veterinarian hospitals on IsoPet^® testing and therapy. Washington State University treated five cats for feline sarcoma and served to develop the procedures which are incorporated in our label. They concluded that the product was safe and effective in killing cancer cells. Colorado State University demonstrated the CT and PET-CT imaging of IsoPet^®. A contract was signed with University of Missouri to treat canine sarcomas and equine sarcoids starting in November 2017.

The dogs were treated for canine soft tissue sarcoma. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (“RECIST”) is a set of published rules that define when tumors in cancer patients improve (respond), stay the same (stabilize), or worsen (progress) during treatment. The criteria were published by an international collaboration including the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (“EORTC”), National Cancer Institute of the United States, and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.

The testing at the University of Missouri met its objective to demonstrate the safety of IsoPet^®. Using its advanced CT and PET equipment it was able to demonstrate that the dose calculations were accurate and that the injections perfused into the cell interstices and did not stay concentrated in a bolus. This results in a more homogeneous dose distribution. There was insignificant spread of Y-90 outside the points of injection demonstrating the effectiveness of the particles and the gel to localize the radiation with no spreading to the blood or other organs nor to urine or fecal material. This confirms that IsoPet^® is safe for same day therapy.

The effectiveness of IsoPet^® for life extension was not the prime objective, but it resulted in valuable insights. Of the cases one is still cancer-free but the others eventually recurred since there was not a strong focus on treating the margins. The University of Missouri has agreed to become a regional center to administer IsoPet^® therapy and will incorporate the improvements suggested by the testing program.

The Company anticipates that future profits, if any, will be derived from direct sales of RadioGel^™ (under the name IsoPet^®) and related services, and from licensing to private medical and veterinary clinics in the United States of America (the “USA”, or, the “U.S.”) and internationally. The Company intends to report the results from the IsoPet^® Solutions division as a separate operating segment in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Commencing in July 2019, the Company recognized its first commercial sale of IsoPet^®. A veterinarian from Alaska brought his cat with a re-occurrent spindle cell sarcoma tumor on his face. The cat had previously received external beam therapy, but now the tumor was growing rapidly. He was given a high dose of 400 Gray with heavy therapy at the margins. This sale met the revenue recognition requirements under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) as the performance obligation was satisfied. The Company completed sales for an additional four animals that received the IsoPet^® during 2019.

Our plan is to incorporate the data assembled from our work with Isopet^® in animal therapy to support the Company’s efforts in the development of our RadioGel^™ device candidate, including obtaining approval from the FDA to market and sell RadioGel^™ as a Class II medical device. RadioGel^™ is an injectable particle-gel for brachytherapy radiation treatment of cancerous tumors in people and animals. RadioGel^™ is comprised of a hydrogel, or a substance that is liquid at room temperature and then gels when reaching body temperature after injection into a tumor. In the gel are small particles, less than two microns, of Y-90. Once injected, these inert particles are locked in place inside the tumor by the gel, delivering a very high local radiation dose. The radiation is beta, consisting of high-speed electrons. These electrons only travel a short distance so the device can deliver high radiation to the tumor with minimal dose to the surrounding tissue. Optimally, patients can go home immediately following treatment without the risk of radiation exposure to family members. Since Y-90 has a half-life of 2.7 days, the radioactivity drops to 5% of its original value after ten days.

The Company modified its Indication for Use from skin cancel to cancerous tissue or solid tumors pathologically associated with locoregional papillary thyroid carcinoma and recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma having discernable tumors associated with metastatic lymph nodes or extranodal disease in patients who are not surgical candidates or who have declined surgery, or patients who require post-surgical remnant ablation (for example, after prior incomplete radioiodine therapy). Papillary thyroid carcinoma belongs to the general class of head and neck tumors for which tumors are accessible by intraoperative direct needle injection. The Company’s Medical Advisory Board felt that demonstrating efficacy in clinical trials was much easier with this new indication.

In the third quarter of 2024, the Company entered the market of treating exotic animals by treating a ferret. The Company also has established important contacts at zoos and used conferences to communicate the effectiveness of Precision Radionuclide Therapy ^TM to the zoo community.

The Company intends to conduct human trials internationally, initially in Southeast Asia. These trials will be initiated prior to trials in the United States, and will be conducted under a protocol consistent with and complimentary to the IDE and human trial roadmap in the United States.

Intellectual Property

Our original license with Battelle National Laboratory (the “Battelle License”) reached its end of life in 2022. During the past several years, we have expanded our proprietary knowledge, as well as our trademark and patent protection, in anticipation of the Battelle License reaching the end of its term.

Our RadioGel^™ trademark protection is in 17 countries. We have expanded our trademark protection from RadioGel^™ to now include IsoPet^®. We obtained the International Certificate of Registration for ISOPET, which is the first step to file in several countries.

We have filed for trademark protection for the term Precision Radionuclide Therapy^™. We believe this term will be increasingly important.

The Company received the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) International Search Report on our patent application (No.1811.191). Seven of our claims were immediately ruled as having novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability. This gives us the basis to extend for many years the patent protection for our proprietary Y-90 phosphate particles utilized in Isopet^® and Radiogel^™.

Our patent team filed our particle patent in more than ten patent offices that collectively cover 63 countries throughout the world. We filed a continuation-in-part applications number 1774054 in the USA to expand the claims on our particle patent. The U.S. Patent office recently gave us the Notice of Allowance for our patent to produce our yttrium phosphate microparticles, U.S. Patent Application Serial No: 16-459,466. We also filed an amendment to correct the wording on our claims at make them consistent with the USE claims. Ref: 4207-0005; European Patent Application NO. 20 834 229.5; VIVOS INC; Our Ref: FS/53791.

We filed a hydrogel utility patent in the USA (16309:17/943,311) and internationally (16389:PCT/US22/4374) based on the last 18 months of development work to optimize our hydrogel component. These include reducing the polymer production time and increasing the output by a factor of three. We have also further reduced the level of trace contaminants to be well below the FDA guidelines.

We filed a provisional patent (Serial Number 63436562) to protect our innovative improvements in our shipping container, our vial shield, our syringe shield, and our Peltier chiller. Our objectives were to reduce shipping costs, decrease radiation exposure, and enhance sterility. These devices will be preferentially used at Mayo Clinics for human clinical studies at our IsoPet regional treatment centers. The Company filed a utility patent in the fourth quarter of 2023 for this therapy support equipment.

We anticipate that Precision Radionuclide Therapy will become increasingly important in the future and expand to other isotope and other indications for use. Therefore, we filed an alternate particle utility patent (Serial number 18/152,137). We will focus our near-term effort on the Y-90 therapy, which we believe is the best beta emitter; however, we leveraged our hydrogel utility patent to incorporate other promising isotopes and compounds for a range of future applications. This includes gamma and alpha particle emitters.

We have trademark protection in several countries on IsoPet^®, RadioGel^®, Precision Radionuclide Therapy^TM, BetaGel^TM, GammaGel^TM, and AlphaGel^TM.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses and used significant cash in support of its operating activities and the Company’s cash position is not sufficient to support the Company’s operations. Research and development of the Company’s brachytherapy product line has been funded with proceeds from the sale of equity and debt securities as well as a series of grants. The Company requires funding of approximately $2.5 million annually to maintain current operating activities.

Financing and Strategy

In November 2019, the SEC qualified the Company’s offering of its Common Stock, under Regulation A of Section 3(6) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) (“Regulation A”), which offering was and amended from time to time thereafter (the “2019 Regulation A+ Offering”). In September 2021, the SEC qualified the Company’s offering of Common Stock under Regulation A, which offering was amended from time to time thereafter (together with the 2019 Regulation A+ Offering, the “Prior Regulation A+ Offerings”). During the year ended December 31, 2023, $1,179,245 was raised through the sale of 16,132,000 shares of common stock and the private placement of 18,797,000 warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company raised $839,000 through the issuance of 13,000,000 shares of common stock and 7,000,000 warrants. The Company’s Prior Regulation A Offerings undertaken pursuant to Regulation A+ have raised approximately $6,000,000 from the sale of shares of common stock.

On July 17, 2024, the SEC qualified the Company’s offering under Regulation A to offer up to $60,000,000 shares of its Common Stock (the “July 2024 Regulation A+ Offering”).

The Company is using the proceeds generated from the Prior Regulation A+ Offering and the July 2024 Regulation A+ Offering as follows:

Research and development of the Company’s brachytherapy product line has been funded with proceeds from the sale of equity and debt securities. The Company may require additional funding of approximately $5 million annually to maintain current operating activities. Over the next 12 to 48 months, the Company believes it will cost approximately $9 million to: (1) fund the FDA approval process to conduct human clinical trials; (2) conduct Phase I, pilot, and clinical trials; (3) activate several regional clinics to administer IsoPet^® across the county; (4) create an independent production center within the current production site to create a template for future international manufacturing; and (5) initiate regulatory approval processes outside of the United States. The proceeds to be raised from the Regulation A+ Offerings will be used to continue to fund this development.

The continued deployment of the brachytherapy products and a worldwide regulatory approval effort will require additional resources and personnel. The principal variables in the timing and amount of spending for the brachytherapy products in the next 12 to 24 months will be the FDA’s classification of the Company’s brachytherapy products as Class II or Class III devices (or otherwise), and any requirements for additional studies (which may possibly include clinical studies). Thereafter, the principal variables in the amount of the Company’s spending and its financing requirements would be: (1) the timing of any approvals; (2) the nature of the Company’s arrangements with third parties for manufacturing, sales, distribution, and licensing of those products; and (3) the products’ success in the U.S. and elsewhere. The Company intends to fund its activities through strategic transactions such as licensing and partnership agreements, as well as proceeds to be raised from the Regulation A+ Offerings.

Following receipt of required regulatory approvals and necessary financing to fund our working capital requirements, the Company intends to outsource material aspects of manufacturing, distribution, sales, and marketing for operations within the U.S. Outside of the U.S., the Company intends to pursue licensing arrangements and/or partnerships to facilitate its global commercialization strategy.

Long-term, the Company intends to consider resuming research efforts with respect to other products and technologies intended to help improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other illnesses. These long-term goals are subject to the Company: (1) receiving adequate funding; (2) receiving regulatory approval for RadioGel^™ and other brachytherapy products; and (3) being able to successfully commercialize its brachytherapy products.

Based on the Company’s financial history since inception, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm has expressed substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has limited revenue, nominal cash, and has accumulated deficits since inception. If the Company cannot obtain sufficient additional capital, the Company will be required to delay the implementation of its business strategy and may not be able to continue operations.

The Company’s headquarters are in Northeast Washington, however, our focus on the animal therapy market has been the Northwestern sector of the U.S. The Company continues its marketing efforts on the animal therapy market and our attempts to increase the exposure to our product, and generate revenue accordingly.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $1,218,160 cash on hand. There are currently commitments to vendors for products and services purchased. To continue the development of the Company’s products, the current level of cash will not be enough to cover the fixed and variable obligations of the Company.

The Company anticipates using the proceeds from the July 2024 Regulation A+ Offering as follows:

For the animal therapy market:

For the human market:

Research and development of the Company’s precision radionuclide therapy product line has been funded with proceeds from the sale of equity and debt securities, including from the Prior Regulation A+ Offerings. The Company requires additional funding of approximately $2.5 million annually to maintain operating activities. Over the next 36 months, the Company believes it will cost approximately $8.0 to $9.0 million to: (1) fund the FDA approval process to conduct human clinical trials; (2) conduct Phase I, pilot, clinical trials; (3) activate several regional clinics to administer IsoPet^® across the U.S.; (4) create an independent production center within the current production site to create a template for future international manufacturing; and (5) initiate regulatory approval processes outside of the United States. The proceeds raised from the Prior Regulation A+ Offerings were used to fund this development and proceeds from the July 2024 Regulation A+ Offering will be used to continue such development efforts.

The continued deployment of the precision radionuclide therapy products and a worldwide regulatory approval effort will require additional resources and personnel. The principal variables in the timing and amount of spending for the precision radionuclide therapy products in the next 12 to 24 months will be the FDA’s classification of the Company’s precision radionuclide therapy products as Class II or Class III devices (or otherwise) and any requirements for additional studies which may possibly include clinical studies. Thereafter, the principal variables in the amount of the Company’s spending and its financing requirements would be the timing of any approvals and the nature of the Company’s arrangements with third parties for manufacturing, sales, distribution and licensing of those products and the products’ success in the U.S. and elsewhere. The Company intends to fund its activities through strategic transactions such as licensing and partnership agreements or from proceeds raised from the Prior Regulation A+ Offering and from the July 2024 Regulation A+ Offering.

The Company intends to expand the indications for use in phases: first, for lymph nodes associated with thyroid cancer, secondly, cancerous lung nodules, and finally, all non-sectable solid tumors. It is anticipated that the medical community may begin to use RadioGel off-label, we will support but will not encourage that practice.

Following receipt of required regulatory approvals and financing, in the U.S., the Company intends to outsource material aspects of manufacturing, distribution, sales and marketing. Outside of the U.S., the Company intends to pursue licensing arrangements and/or partnerships to facilitate its global commercialization strategy.

Long-term, the Company intends to consider resuming research efforts with respect to other products and technologies, such as Gamma Gel and Alpha Gel intended to help improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other illnesses. These long-term goals are subject to the Company: (1) receiving adequate funding; (2) receiving regulatory approval for RadioGel^™ and other precision radionuclide therapy products; and (3) being able to successfully commercialize its precision radionuclide therapy products.

Based on the Company’s financial history since inception, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm has expressed substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has limited revenue, nominal cash, and has accumulated deficits since inception. If the Company cannot obtain sufficient additional capital, the Company will be required to delay the implementation of its business strategy and may not be able to continue operations.

The Company’s headquarters are in the State of Washington., The initial focus of the animal therapy market has been the Northwestern sector of the United States. The Company has initiated marketing efforts to the animal therapy market in other regions of the United States, attempting to increase the exposure to our product and increase revenue opportunities.

There are currently commitments to vendors for products and services purchased. To continue the development of the Company’s products, the current level of cash will not be enough to cover the fixed and variable obligations of the Company. The Company has focused on operating on minimum overhead, including using a virtual office for the last several years and retaining experienced industry consultants available on an as needed basis. This has helped focus the capital received from the Company’s Regulation A+ Offerings on activities that enhance our objectives.

There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to raise additional funds or to do so on terms advantageous to the Company’s stockholders.

The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to meet its obligations on a timely basis and ultimately to attain profitability. The Company plans to seek additional funding to maintain its operations through debt and equity financing and to improve operating performance through a focus on strategic products and increased efficiencies in business processes and improvements to the cost structure. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in its efforts to raise additional working capital or achieve profitable operations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Estimates the Company considers include criteria for stock-based compensation expense, and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Financial Statement Reclassification

Certain account balances from prior periods have been reclassified in these financial statements so as to conform to current period classifications.

Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The Company occasionally maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit. The Company does not consider this risk to be material.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value of financial instruments requires disclosure of the fair value information, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, where it is practicable to estimate that value. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balances reported for cash, prepaid expense, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expense, approximate the fair value because of their short maturities.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 established a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The Company measures certain financial instruments including options and warrants issued during the period at fair value on a recurring basis.

Patents and Intellectual Property

While patents are being developed or pending, they are not being amortized. Management has determined that the economic life of the patents to be ten years and amortization, over such 10-year period and on a straight-line basis will begin once the patents have been issued and the Company begins utilization of the patents through production and sales, resulting in revenues.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets, including patents and intellectual property on a continual basis. Several factors are used to evaluate intangibles, including, but not limited to, management’s plans for future operations, recent operating results and projected and expected undiscounted future cash flows.

There have been no such capitalized costs in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. However, a patent was filed on July 1, 2019 (No. 1811.191) filed by Michael Korenko and David Swanberg and assigned to the Company based on the Company’s proprietary particle manufacturing process. The timing of this filing was important given the Company’s plans to make IsoPet^® commercially available, which it did on or about July 9, 2019. This additional patent protection will strengthen the Company’s competitive position. It is the Company’s intention to further extend this patent protection to several key countries within one year, as permitted under international patent laws and treaties.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This standard provides a single set of guidelines for revenue recognition to be used across all industries and requires additional disclosures. The updated guidance introduces a five-step model to achieve its core principal of the entity recognizing revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted the updated guidance effective January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective method.

Under ASC 606, in order to recognize revenue, the Company is required to identify an approved contract with commitments to perform respective obligations, identify rights of each party in the transaction regarding goods to be transferred, identify the payment terms for the goods transferred, verify that the contract has commercial substance and verify that collection of substantially all consideration is probable. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have an impact on the Company’s operations or cash flows.

The Company recognized revenue as they (i) identified the contracts with each customer; (ii) identified the performance obligation in each contract; (iii) determined the transaction price in each contract; (iv) were able to allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognized revenue upon the satisfaction of the performance obligation. Upon the sales of the product to complete the procedures on the animals, the Company recognized revenue as that was considered the performance obligation.

All revenue recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 relate to the procedures performed with respect to the IsoPet^® therapies.

Loss Per Share

The Company accounts for its loss per common share by replacing primary and fully diluted earnings per share with basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) for the period, and does not include the impact of any potentially dilutive Common Stock equivalents since the impact would be anti-dilutive. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive common shares had been issued. For the given periods of loss, of the periods ended in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the basic earnings per share equals the diluted earnings per share.

The following represent Common Stock equivalents that could be dilutive in the future as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which include the following:

 SCHEDULE OF DILUTIVE EARNINGS PER SHARE

Research and Development Costs

Research and developments costs, including salaries, research materials, administrative expense and contractor fees, are charged to operations as incurred. The cost of equipment used in research and development activities which has alternative uses is capitalized as part of fixed assets and not treated as an expense in the period acquired. Depreciation of capitalized equipment used to perform research and development is classified as research and development expense in the year computed.

The Company incurred $66,551 and $80,858 in research and development costs for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $223,660 and $300,586 in research and development costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, all of which were recorded in the Company’s operating expense noted on the statements of operations for the periods then ended.

Advertising and Marketing Costs

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred except for the cost of tradeshows which are deferred until the tradeshow occurs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred nominal advertising and marketing costs.

Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in legal proceedings involving contractual and employment relationships, product liability claims, patent rights, and a variety of other matters. The Company records contingent liabilities resulting from asserted and unasserted claims against it, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. The Company discloses contingent liabilities when there is a reasonable possibility that the ultimate loss will exceed the recorded liability. Estimated probable losses require analysis of multiple factors, in some cases including judgments about the potential actions of third-party claimants and courts. Therefore, actual losses in any future period are inherently uncertain. The Company has entered into various agreements that require them to pay certain fees to consultants and/or employees that have been fully accrued for as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Income Taxes

To address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions, the Company clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. The Company also provides guidance on de-recognition, measurement, classification, interest, and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. The Company did not have any tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company did not have any deferred tax liability or asset on its balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Interest costs and penalties related to income taxes, if any, will be classified as interest expense and general and administrative costs, respectively, in the Company’s financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not recognize any interest or penalty expense related to income taxes. The Company believes that it is not reasonably possible for the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation costs under FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation and ASU 2018-07. Companies are required to measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees are required to provide services. Share based compensation arrangements include stock options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans. As such, compensation cost is measured on the date of grant at their fair value. Such compensation amounts, if any, are amortized over the respective vesting periods of the option grant.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.