UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ________

Commission File Number 001-38412

BRIDGEWATER BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Minnesota (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		26-0113412 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4450 Excelsior Boulevard, Suite 100 St. Louis Park, Minnesota (Address of principal executive offices)		55416 (Zip Code)

(952) 893-6868

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	BWB	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/100^th interest in a share of 5.875% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share	BWBBP	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding as of April 30, 2024 was 27,373,972.

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Consolidated Statements of Income	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	57
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	59

PART II OTHER INFORMATION	59

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	59
Item 1A. Risk Factors	60
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	60
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	61
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	61
Item 5. Other Information	61
Item 6. Exhibits	61

SIGNATURES	62

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PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollars in thousands, except share data)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	143,355	$	128,562
Securities Available for Sale, at Fair Value		633,282		604,104
Loans, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses of $51,347 at March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and $50,494 at December 31, 2023		3,726,502		3,667,215
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock, at Cost		17,195		17,097
Premises and Equipment, Net		48,299		48,886
Accrued Interest		16,696		16,697
Goodwill		2,626		2,626
Other Intangible Assets, Net		180		188
Bank-Owned Life Insurance		34,778		34,477
Other Assets		100,196		92,138
Total Assets	$	4,723,109	$	4,611,990

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest Bearing	$	698,432	$	756,964
Interest Bearing		3,108,793		2,952,984
Total Deposits		3,807,225		3,709,948
Notes Payable		13,750		13,750
FHLB Advances		317,000		319,500
Subordinated Debentures, Net of Issuance Costs		79,383		79,288
Accrued Interest Payable		4,405		5,282
Other Liabilities		67,735		58,707
Total Liabilities		4,289,498		4,186,475

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock- $0.01 par value; Authorized 10,000,000
Preferred Stock - Issued and Outstanding 27,600 Series A shares ($2,500 liquidation preference) at March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023		66,514		66,514
Common Stock- $0.01 par value; Authorized 75,000,000
Common Stock - Issued and Outstanding 27,589,827 at March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and 27,748,965 at December 31, 2023		276		277
Additional Paid-In Capital		95,069		96,320
Retained Earnings		287,468		280,650
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		(15,716)		(18,246)
Total Shareholders' Equity		433,611		425,515
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	4,723,109	$	4,611,990

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2024		2023
INTEREST INCOME
Loans, Including Fees	$	49,581	$	44,955
Investment Securities		7,916		6,218
Other		1,172		819
Total Interest Income		58,669		51,992

INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits		30,190		16,374
Federal Funds Purchased		304		4,944
Notes Payable		295		263
FHLB Advances		2,258		861
Subordinated Debentures		991		983
Total Interest Expense		34,038		23,425

NET INTEREST INCOME		24,631		28,567
Provision for Credit Losses		750		625

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES		23,881		27,942

NONINTEREST INCOME
Customer Service Fees		342		349
Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Available for Sale Securities		93		(56)
Letter of Credit Fees		316		634
Debit Card Interchange Fees		141		138
Bank-Owned Life Insurance		301		234
FHLB Prepayment Income		—		299
Other Income		357		345
Total Noninterest Income		1,550		1,943

NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and Employee Benefits		9,433		8,815
Occupancy and Equipment		1,057		1,209
FDIC Insurance Assessment		875		665
Data Processing		412		357
Professional and Consulting Fees		889		755
Derivative Collateral Fees		486		380
Information Technology and Telecommunications		796		683
Marketing and Advertising		322		262
Intangible Asset Amortization		9		48
Other Expense		910		895
Total Noninterest Expense		15,189		14,069

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		10,242		15,816
Provision for Income Taxes		2,411		4,174
NET INCOME		7,831		11,642
Preferred Stock Dividends		(1,013)		(1,013)
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS	$	6,818	$	10,629

EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic	$	0.25	$	0.38
Diluted		0.24		0.37

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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net Income	$	7,831	$	11,642
Other Comprehensive Income:
Unrealized Gains on Available for Sale Securities		235		5,243
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		5,712		(4,169)
Reclassification Adjustment for Gains Realized in Income		(2,396)		(1,011)
Income Tax Impact		(1,021)		(17)
Total Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		2,530		46
Comprehensive Income	$	10,361	$	11,688

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


										Accumulated
						Additional				Other
	Preferred		Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive
Three Months Ended	Stock		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Total

BALANCE December 31, 2022	$	66,514	27,751,950	$	278	$	96,529	$	248,685	$	(17,942)	$	394,064
Cumulative Effect of the Adoption of ASU 2016-13		—	—		—		—		(3,920)		—		(3,920)
Cumulative Effect of the Adoption of ASU 2023-02		—	—		—		—		(21)		—		(21)
Balance as of January 1, 2023, as Adjusted for Change in Accounting Principles		66,514	27,751,950		278		96,529		244,744		(17,942)		390,123
Stock-based Compensation		—	10,608		—		941		—		—		941
Comprehensive Income		—	—		—		—		11,642		46		11,688
Stock Options Exercised		—	82,000		—		261		—		—		261
Vested Restricted Stock Units		—	1,625		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted Shares Withheld for Taxes		—	(939)		—		(15)		—		—		(15)
Preferred Stock Dividend		—	—		—		—		(1,013)		—		(1,013)
BALANCE March 31, 2023	$	66,514	27,845,244	$	278	$	97,716	$	255,373	$	(17,896)	$	401,985

BALANCE December 31, 2023	$	66,514	27,748,965	$	277	$	96,320	$	280,650	$	(18,246)	$	425,515
Stock-based Compensation		—	10,452		—		1,031		—		—		1,031
Comprehensive Income		—	—		—		—		7,831		2,530		10,361
Stock Options Exercised		—	8,000		—		66		—		—		66
Stock Repurchases		—	(193,802)		(1)		(2,275)		—		—		(2,276)
Vested Restricted Stock Units		—	22,365		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted Shares Withheld for Taxes		—	(6,153)		—		(73)		—		—		(73)
Preferred Stock Dividend		—	—		—		—		(1,013)		—		(1,013)
BALANCE March 31, 2024	$	66,514	27,589,827	$	276	$	95,069	$	287,468	$	(15,716)	$	433,611

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income	$	7,831	$	11,642
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash
Provided by Operating Activities:
Net Amortization on Securities Available for Sale		(281)		101
Net (Gain) Loss on Sales of Securities Available for Sale		(93)		56
Provision for Credit Losses on Loans		850		1,500
Credit for Off-Balance Sheet Exposures		(100)		(875)
Depreciation of Premises and Equipment		593		651
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets		9		48
Amortization of Right-of Use Asset		139		125
Amortization of Subordinated Debt Issuance Costs		95		96
Stock-based Compensation		1,031		941
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Accrued Interest Receivable and Other Assets		(6,398)		(6,369)
Accrued Interest Payable and Other Liabilities		3,509		(118)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		7,185		7,798

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Increase in Bank-Owned Certificates of Deposit		—		(44)
Proceeds from Sales of Securities Available for Sale		12,784		19,959
Proceeds from Maturities, Paydowns, Payups and Calls of Securities Available for Sale		9,143		7,055
Purchases of Securities Available for Sale		(45,559)		(32,689)
Net Increase in Loans		(60,137)		(114,711)
Net Increase in FHLB Stock		(98)		(9,026)
Purchases of Premises and Equipment		(6)		(7)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(83,873)		(129,463)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net (Increase) Decrease in Deposits		97,277		(5,420)
Net Increase in Federal Funds Purchased		—		150,000
Proceeds from FHLB Advances		208,000		155,500
Principal Payments on FHLB Advances		(210,500)		(55,500)
Preferred Stock Dividends Paid		(1,013)		(1,013)
Stock Options Exercised		66		261
Stock Repurchases		(2,276)		—
Shares Repurchased for Tax Withholdings Upon Vesting of Restricted Stock-Based Awards		(73)		(14)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities		91,481		243,814

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		14,793		122,149
Cash and Cash Equivalents Beginning		128,562		87,043
Cash and Cash Equivalents Ending	$	143,355	$	209,192

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE
Cash Paid for Interest	$	34,820	$	22,903
Cash Paid for Income Taxes		—		39
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net Investment Securities (Purchased) Sold but Not Settled		3,446		—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1: Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is a financial holding company whose operations consist of the ownership of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bridgewater Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank commenced operations in 2005 and provides retail and commercial loan and deposit services, principally to customers within the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2008, the Bank formed BWB Holdings, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, for the purpose of holding repossessed property. In 2018, the Bank formed Bridgewater Investment Management, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, for the purpose of holding certain municipal securities and to engage in municipal lending activities.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income, consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and consolidated statements of cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). However, all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the interim financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 7, 2024.

Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the amounts of the Company, the Bank, with locations in Bloomington, Greenwood, Minneapolis (2), St. Louis Park, Orono, and St. Paul, Minnesota, BWB Holdings, LLC, and Bridgewater Investment Management, Inc. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Information available which could affect judgements includes, but is not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy, including elevated levels of inflation and possible recession, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include the determination of the allowance for credit losses, calculation of deferred tax assets, fair value of financial instruments, and investment securities impairment.

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Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In March 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2024-02, Codification Improvements: Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. The ASU amends the Codification to remove references to various concepts and impacts a variety of topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance, but in most instances the references removed are extraneous and not required to understand or apply the guidance. Generally, the amendments in ASU 2024-02 are not intended to result in significant accounting changes for most entities. ASU 2024-02 is effective January 1, 2025 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through May 2, 2024, which is the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

Note 2: Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock compensation. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units totaling 1,158,046 were excluded from the calculation because they were deemed to be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units totaling 621,994 shares were excluded from the calculation because they were deemed to be antidilutive.

The following table presents the numerators and denominators for basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders	$	6,818	$	10,629
Weighted Average Common Stock Outstanding:
Weighted Average Common Stock Outstanding (Basic)		27,691,401		27,726,894
Dilutive Effect of Stock Compensation		398,404		763,152
Weighted Average Common Stock Outstanding (Dilutive)		28,089,805		28,490,046

Basic Earnings per Common Share	$	0.25	$	0.38
Diluted Earnings per Common Share		0.24		0.37

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Note 3: Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities with gross unrealized gains and losses at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Securities Available for Sale:
Municipal Bonds	$	151,221	$	28	$	(19,158)	$	132,091
Mortgage-Backed Securities		260,079		1,544		(17,407)		244,216
Corporate Securities		142,851		348		(10,247)		132,952
SBA Securities		16,864		252		(91)		17,025
Asset-Backed Securities		106,637		519		(158)		106,998
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	677,652	$	2,691	$	(47,061)	$	633,282


	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Securities Available for Sale:
Municipal Bonds	$	151,512	$	47	$	(19,035)	$	132,524
Mortgage-Backed Securities		249,455		2,261		(16,401)		235,315
Corporate Securities		142,098		386		(11,879)		130,605
SBA Securities		18,497		279		(102)		18,674
Asset-Backed Securities		87,054		357		(425)		86,986
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	648,616	$	3,330	$	(47,842)	$	604,104

Securities with a carrying value of $169.5 million and $170.7 million were pledged to secure borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Discount Window as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses of securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


		Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Number of			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
(dollars in thousands, except number of holdings)	Holdings	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
March 31, 2024
Municipal Bonds	215	$	7,862	$	(44)	$	122,437	$	(19,114)	$	130,299	$	(19,158)
Mortgage-Backed Securities	129		42,583		(665)		124,205		(16,742)		166,788		(17,407)
Corporate Securities	113		16,148		(290)		105,583		(9,957)		121,731		(10,247)
SBA Securities	45		1,973		(5)		6,296		(86)		8,269		(91)
Asset-Backed Securities	17		24,404		(67)		16,595		(91)		40,999		(158)
Total Securities Available for Sale	519	$	92,970	$	(1,071)	$	375,116	$	(45,990)	$	468,086	$	(47,061)


		Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Number of			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
(dollars in thousands, except number of holdings)	Holdings	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
December 31, 2023
Municipal Bonds	212	$	4,052	$	(17)	$	120,527	$	(19,018)	$	124,579	$	(19,035)
Mortgage-Backed Securities	128		35,719		(310)		135,829		(16,091)		171,548		(16,401)
Corporate Securities	110		14,528		(756)		101,311		(11,123)		115,839		(11,879)
SBA Securities	47		1,731		(3)		7,072		(99)		8,803		(102)
Asset-Backed Securities	24		39,011		(234)		13,805		(191)		52,816		(425)
Total Securities Available for Sale	521	$	95,041	$	(1,320)	$	378,544	$	(46,522)	$	473,585	$	(47,842)

At March 31, 2024, 519 debt securities had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of approximately 9.1% from the Company’s amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2023, 521 debt securities had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of approximately 9.2% from the Company’s amortized cost basis. These unrealized losses have not been recognized into income because management does not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not it will be required to sell the securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Furthermore, the unrealized losses are due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions and were not reflective of credit events. To make this determination, consideration is given to such factors as the credit rating of the issuer, level of credit enhancement, changes in credit ratings, market conditions such as current interest rates, any adverse conditions specific to the security, and delinquency status on contractual payments. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no allowance for credit losses carried on the Company’s securities portfolio.

Accrued interest receivable on securities, which is recorded within accrued interest on the balance sheet, totaled $5.2 million and $4.9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

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The following table presents a summary of amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities by the lesser of expected call date or contractual maturity as of March 31, 2024. Call date is used when a call of the debt security is expected, as determined by the Company when the security has a market value above its amortized cost. Contractual maturities will differ from expected maturities for mortgage-backed, SBA securities and asset-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties.


(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
March 31, 2024
Due in One Year or Less	$	16,679	$	16,643
Due After One Year Through Five Years		48,627		46,923
Due After Five Years Through 10 Years		192,786		172,941
Due After 10 Years		35,980		28,536
Subtotal		294,072		265,043
Mortgage-Backed Securities		260,079		244,216
SBA Securities		16,864		17,025
Asset-Backed Securities		106,637		106,998
Totals	$	677,652	$	633,282

The following table presents a summary of the proceeds from sales of securities available for sale, as well as gross gains and losses, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Proceeds From Sales of Securities	$	12,784	$	19,959
Gross Gains on Sales		786		197
Gross Losses on Sales		(693)		(253)

Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents the components of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Commercial	$	483,069	$	464,061
Construction and Land Development		200,970		232,804
1-4 Family Construction		65,606		65,087
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		417,773		402,396
Multifamily		1,389,345		1,388,541
CRE Owner Occupied		182,589		175,783
CRE Nonowner Occupied		1,035,702		987,306
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		3,025,409		2,954,026
Consumer and Other		9,151		8,304
Total Loans, Gross		3,784,205		3,724,282
Allowance for Credit Losses		(51,347)		(50,494)
Net Deferred Loan Fees		(6,356)		(6,573)
Total Loans, Net	$	3,726,502	$	3,667,215

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The following tables present the aging in past due loans and nonaccrual status, with and without an ACL, by loan segment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	Accruing Interest
			30-89 Days		90 Days or		Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual
(dollars in thousands)	Current		Past Due		More Past Due		with ACL		without ACL		Total
March 31, 2024
Commercial	$	482,894	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	175	$	483,069
Construction and Land Development		200,896		—		—		—		74		200,970
1-4 Family Construction		65,606		—		—		—		—		65,606
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		417,773		—		—		—		—		417,773
Multifamily		1,389,345		—		—		—		—		1,389,345
CRE Owner Occupied		182,589		—		—		—		—		182,589
CRE Nonowner Occupied		1,035,702		—		—		—		—		1,035,702
Consumer and Other		9,151		—		—		—		—		9,151
Totals	$	3,783,956	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	249	$	3,784,205


	Accruing Interest
			30-89 Days		90 Days or		Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual
(dollars in thousands)	Current		Past Due		More Past Due		with ACL		without ACL		Total
December 31, 2023
Commercial	$	463,966	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	95	$	464,061
Construction and Land Development		232,724		—		—		—		80		232,804
1-4 Family Construction		64,838		—		—		—		249		65,087
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		402,396		—		—		—		—		402,396
Multifamily		1,373,431		15,110		—		—		—		1,388,541
CRE Owner Occupied		175,289		—		—		—		494		175,783
CRE Nonowner Occupied		987,306		—		—		—		—		987,306
Consumer and Other		8,303		—		—		—		1		8,304
Totals	$	3,708,253	$	15,110	$	—	$	—	$	919	$	3,724,282

The Company aggregates loans into credit quality indicators based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt by using internal reviews in which management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which the borrowers operate, and the fair values of collateral securing the loans. The Company analyzes all loans individually to assign a risk rating, grouped into five major categories defined as follows:

Pass: A pass loan is a credit with no known or existing potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Watch: Loans classified as watch have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, this potential weakness may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Watch loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. Well defined weaknesses include a borrower’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time, or the failure to fulfill economic expectations. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss: Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and charged-off immediately.

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The following table presents loan balances classified by credit quality indicators by year of origination as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


		March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		Total
Commercial
Pass	$	45,707	$	77,410	$	116,209	$	35,888	$	17,453	$	21,502	$	153,257	$	467,426
Watch		—		—		—		24		—		—		495		519
Substandard		—		45		11,213		—		—		—		3,866		15,124
Total Commercial		45,707		77,455		127,422		35,912		17,453		21,502		157,618		483,069
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Construction and Land Development
Pass		18,627		72,163		84,752		16,961		41		—		8,352		200,896
Substandard		—		—		74		—		—		—		—		74
Total Construction and Land Development		18,627		72,163		84,826		16,961		41		—		8,352		200,970
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

1-4 Family Construction
Pass		4,521		30,238		16,331		942		—		—		13,574		65,606
Total 1-4 Family Construction		4,521		30,238		16,331		942		—		—		13,574		65,606
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage
Pass		30,248		66,675		104,943		80,452		55,779		20,138		58,883		417,118
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		655		—		655
Total 1-4 Family Mortgage		30,248		66,675		104,943		80,452		55,779		20,793		58,883		417,773
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Multifamily
Pass		86,323		169,735		452,006		402,045		189,453		74,471		12,408		1,386,441
Watch		—		2,904		—		—		—		—		—		2,904
Total Multifamily		86,323		172,639		452,006		402,045		189,453		74,471		12,408		1,389,345
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

CRE Owner Occupied
Pass		14,053		30,839		63,297		39,429		20,219		11,966		1,790		181,593
Substandard		—		996		—		—		—		—		—		996
Total CRE Owner Occupied		14,053		31,835		63,297		39,429		20,219		11,966		1,790		182,589
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

CRE Nonowner Occupied
Pass		70,675		153,480		318,367		236,313		76,481		141,216		3,989		1,000,521
Watch		—		15,013		—		3,188		—		—		—		18,201
Substandard		—		15,036		1,944		—		—		—		—		16,980
Total CRE Nonowner Occupied		70,675		183,529		320,311		239,501		76,481		141,216		3,989		1,035,702
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		201,299		454,678		940,557		761,427		341,932		248,446		77,070		3,025,409

Consumer and Other
Pass		193		2,731		206		7		1,363		3		4,648		9,151
Total Consumer and Other		193		2,731		206		7		1,363		3		4,648		9,151
Current Period Gross Write-offs		1		—		—		—		—		—		1		2

Total Period Gross Write-offs		1		—		—		—		—		—		1		2
Total Loans	$	270,347	$	637,265	$	1,169,342	$	815,249	$	360,789	$	269,951	$	261,262	$	3,784,205

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		December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving		Total
Commercial
Pass	$	93,299	$	121,274	$	37,056	$	19,297	$	18,594	$	4,507	$	149,836	$	443,863
Watch		1,700		318		34		—		—		—		2,003		4,055
Substandard		3		11,299		—		—		—		50		4,791		16,143
Total Commercial		95,002		132,891		37,090		19,297		18,594		4,557		156,630		464,061
Current Period Gross Write-offs		72		96		12		—		—		—		—		180

Construction and Land Development
Pass		87,402		99,133		34,122		46		—		—		12,021		232,724
Substandard		—		80		—		—		—		—		—		80
Total Construction and Land Development		87,402		99,213		34,122		46		—		—		12,021		232,804
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

1-4 Family Construction
Pass		35,172		16,156		941		355		—		—		12,214		64,838
Substandard		249		—		—		—		—		—		—		249
Total 1-4 Family Construction		35,421		16,156		941		355		—		—		12,214		65,087
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage
Pass		74,602		106,085		83,525		52,813		18,789		3,403		62,490		401,707
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		659		30		689
Total 1-4 Family Mortgage		74,602		106,085		83,525		52,813		18,789		4,062		62,520		402,396
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Multifamily
Pass		192,078		456,179		444,162		196,784		41,998		45,847		8,577		1,385,625
Watch		2,916		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,916
Total Multifamily		194,994		456,179		444,162		196,784		41,998		45,847		8,577		1,388,541
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

CRE Owner Occupied
Pass		36,255		61,724		40,748		20,610		4,903		8,312		1,672		174,224
Substandard		194		—		494		—		—		871		—		1,559
Total CRE Owner Occupied		36,449		61,724		41,242		20,610		4,903		9,183		1,672		175,783
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

CRE Nonowner Occupied
Pass		164,226		305,749		253,683		77,618		78,288		66,569		4,521		950,654
Watch		16,301		—		3,213		—		—		—		—		19,514
Substandard		15,183		1,955		—		—		—		—		—		17,138
Total CRE Nonowner Occupied		195,710		307,704		256,896		77,618		78,288		66,569		4,521		987,306
Current Period Gross Write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		501,755		931,692		825,825		347,825		143,978		125,661		77,290		2,954,026

Consumer and Other
Pass		2,908		256		9		1,460		6		—		3,665		8,304
Total Consumer and Other		2,908		256		9		1,460		6		—		3,665		8,304
Current Period Gross Write-offs		42		—		—		—		—		—		2		44

Total Period Gross Write-offs		114		96		12		—		—		—		2		224
Total Loans	$	722,488	$	1,180,208	$	897,987	$	368,983	$	162,578	$	130,218	$	261,820	$	3,724,282

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The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses, by segment, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


			Construction								CRE		CRE
			and Land		1-4 Family		1--4 Family				Owner		Non-owner		Consumer
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial		Development		Construction		Mortgage		Multifamily		Occupied		Occupied		and Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans:
Beginning Balance	$	5,398	$	2,156	$	558	$	2,651	$	22,217	$	1,184	$	16,225	$	105	$	50,494
Provision for Credit Losses for Loans		206		(328)		19		102		13		51		780		7		850
Loans Charged-off		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(2)		(2)
Recoveries of Loans		3		—		—		1		—		—		—		1		5
Total Ending Allowance Balance	$	5,607	$	1,828	$	577	$	2,754	$	22,230	$	1,235	$	17,005	$	111	$	51,347


			Construction								CRE		CRE
			and Land		1-4 Family		1--4 Family				Owner		Non-owner		Consumer
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial		Development		Construction		Mortgage		Multifamily		Occupied		Occupied		and Other		Unallocated		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans:
Beginning Balance, Prior to Adoption of CECL	$	6,501	$	3,911		845	$	4,325	$	17,459	$	1,965	$	12,576	$	151	$	263	$	47,996
Impact of Adopting CECL		(1,158)		(1,070)		(235)		(1,778)		3,318		(943)		2,869		(90)		(263)		650
Balance ss of January 1, 2023, as Adjusted for Adoption of CECL		5,343		2,841		610		2,547		20,777		1,022		15,445		61		—		48,646
Provision for Credit Losses for Loans		220		328		196		169		212		61		299		15		—		1,500
Loans Charged-off		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(4)		—		(4)
Recoveries of Loans		3		—		—		1		—		—		—		2		—		6
Total Ending Allowance Balance	$	5,566	$	3,169	$	806	$	2,717	$	20,989	$	1,083	$	15,744	$	74	$	—	$	50,148

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans, by segment, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


			Construction								CRE		CRE
			and Land		1-4 Family		1--4 Family				Owner		Non-owner		Consumer
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial		Development		Construction		Mortgage		Multifamily		Occupied		Occupied		and Other		Total
ACL at March 31, 2024
Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$	26	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	205	$	—	$	231
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		5,581		1,828		577		2,754		22,230		1,235		16,800		111		51,116
Totals	$	5,607	$	1,828	$	577	$	2,754	$	22,230	$	1,235	$	17,005	$	111	$	51,347


			Construction								CRE		CRE
			and Land		1-4 Family		1--4 Family				Owner		Non-owner		Consumer
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial		Development		Construction		Mortgage		Multifamily		Occupied		Occupied		and Other		Total
ACL at December 31, 2023
Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$	8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	95	$	—	$	103
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		5,390		2,156		558		2,651		22,217		1,184		16,130		105		50,391
Totals	$	5,398	$	2,156	$	558	$	2,651	$	22,217	$	1,184	$	16,225	$	105	$	50,494


			Construction								CRE		CRE
			and Land		1-4 Family		1--4 Family				Owner		Non-owner		Consumer
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial		Development		Construction		Mortgage		Multifamily		Occupied		Occupied		and Other		Total
Loans at March 31, 2024
Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$	15,124	$	74	$	—	$	655	$	—	$	996	$	16,980	$	—	$	33,829
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		467,945		200,896		65,606		417,118		1,389,345		181,593		1,018,722		9,151		3,750,376
Totals	$	483,069	$	200,970	$	65,606	$	417,773	$	1,389,345	$	182,589	$	1,035,702	$	9,151	$	3,784,205

Loans at December 31, 2023
Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$	16,143	$	80	$	249	$	689	$	—	$	1,559	$	17,138	$	—	$	35,858
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		447,918		232,724		64,838		401,707		1,388,541		174,224		970,168		8,304		3,688,424
Totals	$	464,061	$	232,804	$	65,087	$	402,396	$	1,388,541	$	175,783	$	987,306	$	8,304	$	3,724,282

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The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	Primary Type of Collateral
			Business						ACL
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Assets		Other		Total		Allocation
March 31, 2024
Commercial	$	—	$	4,766	$	10,358	$	15,124	$	26
Construction and Land Development		74		—		—		74
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		655		—		—		655		—
CRE Owner Occupied		996		—		—		996		—
CRE Nonowner Occupied		16,980		—		—		16,980		205
Totals	$	18,705	$	4,766	$	10,358	$	33,829	$	231


	Primary Type of Collateral
			Business						ACL
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Assets		Other		Total		Allocation
December 31, 2023
Commercial	$	—	$	5,782	$	10,361	$	16,143	$	8
Construction and Land Development		80		—		—		80		—
1-4 Family Construction		249		—		—		249		—
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		689		—		—		689		—
CRE Owner Occupied		1,559		—		—		1,559		—
CRE Nonowner Occupied		17,138		—		—		17,138		95
Totals	$	19,715	$	5,782	$	10,361	$	35,858	$	103

Accrued interest receivable on loans, which is recorded within accrued interest on the balance sheet, totaled $11.5 million and $11.8 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company modified one CRE nonowner occupied loan, with an outstanding balance of $9.5 million, for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty by granting a 12-month extension at a below market rate. There was no forgiveness of principal and this loan was current with its modified terms as of March 31, 2024.

Note 5: Deposits

The following table presents the composition of deposits at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Transaction Deposits	$	1,482,168	$	1,449,765
Savings and Money Market Deposits		979,773		935,091
Time Deposits		352,510		300,651
Brokered Deposits		992,774		1,024,441
Totals	$	3,807,225	$	3,709,948

Brokered deposits include brokered transaction and money market accounts of $155.5 million and $174.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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The following table presents the scheduled maturities of brokered and customer time deposits at March 31, 2024:


	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024
Less than 1 Year	$	389,466
1 to 2 Years		393,452
2 to 3 Years		191,883
3 to 4 Years		84,128
4 to 5 Years		86,108
Greater than 5 Years		44,706
Totals	$	1,189,743

The aggregate amount of time deposits greater than $250,000 was approximately $177.0 million and $138.4 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 6: Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, which consist of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps, to assist in its interest rate risk management. The notional amount does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual agreements. Derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings.

Non-hedge Derivatives

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate client transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments to meet client needs, the Company enters into offsetting positions with large U.S. financial institutions in order to minimize the risk to the Company. These swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments.

Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counterparty or client owes the Company, and results in credit risk to the Company. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is negative, the Company owes the client or counterparty and therefore, the Company has no credit risk.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate swaps to facilitate customer transactions as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Notional		Estimated		Notional		Estimated
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value
Interest rate swap agreements:
Assets	$	63,380	$	8,049	$	63,814	$	6,981
Liabilities		63,380		(8,049)		63,814		(6,981)
Total	$	126,760	$	—	$	127,628	$	—

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Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the aggregate fair value of the derivative instrument is recorded in other assets or other liabilities with any gain or loss related to changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The gain or loss is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged asset or liability affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged asset or liability. The Company utilizes cash flow hedges to manage interest rate exposure for the brokered deposit and wholesale borrowing portfolios. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that $8.1 million will be reclassified to interest expense, as a reduction of the expense.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Notional Amount	$	183,000		$	183,000
Weighted Average Pay Rate		2.00	%		2.00	%
Weighted Average Receive Rate		5.48	%		5.48	%
Weighted Average Maturity (Years)		3.79			4.04
Net Unrealized Gain	$	6,756		$	5,271

The Company purchases interest rate caps, designated as cash flow hedges, of certain deposit liabilities. The interest rate caps require receipt of variable amounts from the counterparties when interest rates rise above the strike price in the contracts. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the company recognized amortization expense on the interest rate caps of $196,000 and $198,000, respectively, which was recorded as a component of interest expense on brokered deposits and FHLB advances.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Notional Amount	$	125,000		$	125,000
Unamortized Premium Paid		4,885			5,081
Weighted Average Strike Rate		0.96	%		0.96	%
Weighted Average Maturity (Years)		6.10			6.34

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s interest rate contracts as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Notional		Estimated		Notional		Estimated
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value
Interest rate swap agreements:
Assets	$	152,500	$	7,020	$	135,000	$	6,891
Liabilities		30,500		(264)		48,000		(1,620)
Interest rate cap agreements:
Assets		125,000		20,445		125,000		18,717

The Company is party to collateral support agreements with certain derivative counterparties. These agreements require that the Company maintain collateral based on the fair values of derivative transactions. In the event of default by the Company, the counterparty would be entitled to the collateral. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company pledged no cash collateral for the Company’s derivative contracts. In addition, as of March 31, 2024 and

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December 31, 2023, the Company's counterparties pledged cash collateral to the Company of $36.7 million and $31.8 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes gross and net information about derivative instruments that are eligible for offset in the balance sheet at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
					Net Amounts of
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts		Assets (Liabilities)
	of Recognized		Offset in the		Presented in the		Financial		Cash Collateral		Net Assets
(dollars in thousands)	Assets (Liabilities)		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Received (Paid)		(Liabilities)
March 31, 2024
Assets	$	35,514	$	—	$	35,514	$	—	$	36,663	$	(1,149)
Liabilities		(8,313)		—		(8,313)		—		—		(8,313)

December 31, 2023
Assets	$	32,589	$	—	$	32,589	$	—	$	31,783	$	806
Liabilities		(8,601)		—		(8,601)		—		—		(8,601)

The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


		Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)		2024		2023
Derivatives in	Location of Gain (Loss)	Gain (Loss)
Cash Flow Hedging	Reclassified	Reclassified from
Relationships	from AOCI into Income	AOCI into Earnings
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	1,596	$	1,177
Interest rate caps	Interest expense		707		(110)

No amounts were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income related to hedge ineffectiveness for these derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and no amounts are expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income related to hedge ineffectiveness over the next twelve months.

Note 7: Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances. The Company has entered into an Advances, Pledge, and Security Agreement with the FHLB whereby specific mortgage loans of the Bank with aggregate principal balances of $1.45 billion at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were pledged to the FHLB as collateral. FHLB advances are also secured with FHLB stock owned by the Company. Total remaining available capacity under the agreement was $446.8 million and $498.7 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents FHLB advances, by maturity, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Weighted				Weighted
	Average		Total		Average		Total
(dollars in thousands)	Rate		Outstanding		Rate		Outstanding
Less than 1 Year	5.35	%	$	243,000	5.31	%	$	233,000
1 to 2 Years	4.35			12,500	4.31			25,000
2 to 3 Years	3.45			21,500	3.45			21,500
3 to 4 Years	4.03			27,500	3.94			17,500
4 to 5 Years	3.87			12,500	4.01			22,500
Totals			$	317,000			$	319,500

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Line of Credit. The Company has a Loan and Security Agreement and related revolving note with an unaffiliated financial institution that is secured by 100% of the issued and outstanding stock of the Bank. The note contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants, including certain financial covenants and capital ratio requirements. The Company believes it was in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents the revolving line of credit at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Total Debt

Outstanding

Interest

Name

Maturity Date

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Rate

Coupon Structure

Revolving Credit Facility

September 1, 2024

13,750

8.50

Variable with Floor ⁽¹⁾

(1)	The variable interest rate is equal to the greater of Wall Street Journal Prime Rate in effect or a floor of 3.85%.

Note 8: Subordinated Debentures

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s subordinated debentures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Total Debt

Date

First

Maturity

Outstanding

Interest

Name

Established

Redemption Date

Date

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Rate

Coupon Structure

(dollars in thousands)

2030 Notes

June 19, 2020

July 1, 2025

July 1, 2030

50,000

5.25

Fixed-to-Floating⁽¹⁾

2031 Notes

July 8, 2021

July 15, 2026

July 15, 2031

30,000

3.25

Fixed-to-Floating⁽²⁾

Subordinated Debentures

80,000

Debt Issuance Costs

(617)

(712)

Subordinated Debentures, Net of Issuance Costs

79,383

79,288

(1)	Migrates to three month term SOFR + 5.13% beginning July 1, 2025 until either the early redemption date or the maturity date.

(2)	Migrates to three month term SOFR + 2.52% beginning July 15, 2026 until either the early redemption date or the maturity date.

Note 9: Tax Credit Investments

The Company invests in qualified affordable housing projects and federal historic projects for the purpose of community reinvestment and obtaining tax credits. The Company’s tax credit investments are limited to existing lending relationships with well-known developers and projects within the Company’s market area.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing projects

and other tax credit investments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Investment Type		Investment		Unfunded Commitment ⁽¹⁾		Investment		Unfunded Commitment
Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)	$	16,880	$	7,579	$	16,897	$	7,579
Federal Historic Tax Credit (FHTC)		2,765		2,353		3,403		2,353
Total	$	19,645	$	9,932	$	20,300	$	9,932

(1)	All commitments are expected to be paid by the Company by March 31, 2025.

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The following table presents a summary of the amortization expense and tax benefit recognized for the Company’s qualified affordable housing projects and other tax credit investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Amortization Expense⁽¹⁾
LIHTC	$	492	$	368
FHTC		163		108
Total	$	655	$	476
Tax Benefit Recognized⁽²⁾
LIHTC	$	(671)	$	(374)
FHTC		(215)		(152)
Total	$	(886)	$	(526)

(1)	The amortization expense for the LIHTC and FHTC investments are included in income tax expense.

(2)	All of the tax benefits recognized are included in income tax expense.

Note 10: Commitments, Contingencies and Credit Risk

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual, or notional, amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon and some of the commitments may not be drawn upon to the total extent of the commitment, the notional amount of these commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

The following table presents commitments outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Unfunded Commitments Under Lines of Credit	$	507,704	$	546,632
Letters of Credit		99,807		103,289
Totals	$	607,511	$	649,921

The Company had outstanding letters of credit with the FHLB in total amounts of $164.9 million and $114.4 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on behalf of customers and to secure public deposits.

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The ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.9 million and $3.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is separately classified on the balance sheet within other liabilities. The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


		Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)		March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance, Prior to Adoption of CECL	$	2,985	$	360
Impact of Adopting CECL		—		4,850
Recovery of Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures		(100)		(875)
Total Ending Balance	$	2,885	$	4,335

Legal Contingencies

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Bank’s business. The Company does not know of any material proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Note 11: Stock Options and Restricted Stock

In 2012, the Company adopted the Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. 2012 Combined Incentive and Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”) under which the Company was able to grant options to its directors, officers, and employees for up to 750,000 shares of common stock. Both incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options were granted under the 2012 Plan. The exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant, and the maximum term of each outstanding option is ten years. All outstanding options have been granted with vesting periods of four or five years. The 2012 Plan expired in March 2022, and awards are no longer able to be granted under the 2012 Plan.

In 2017, the Company adopted the Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. 2017 Combined Incentive and Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan (the “2017 Plan”). Under the 2017 Plan, the Company may grant options to its directors, officers, employees and consultants for up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock. Both incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options may be granted under the 2017 Plan. The exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant and the maximum term of each outstanding option is ten years. All outstanding options have been granted with vesting periods of four or five years. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for future option grants under the 2017 Plan.

In 2019, the Company adopted the Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 EIP”). The types of awards which may be granted under the 2019 EIP include incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units, restricted stock and cash incentive awards. The Company may grant these awards to its directors, officers, employees and certain other service providers for up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant and the maximum term of each award is ten years. All outstanding awards have been granted with a vesting period of four years. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 6,592 and -0- shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock reserved for future grants under the 2019 EIP.

In 2023, the Company adopted the Bridgewater Bancshares, inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2023 EIP"). Under the 2023 EIP, the Company may grant incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units, restricted stock and cash incentive awards. The Company may grant these awards to its directors, officers, employees and certain other service providers for up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant and the maximum term of each award is ten years. All outstanding awards have been granted with a vesting period of four years. As of

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March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 1,042,800 and 1,107,752 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock reserved for future grants under the 2023 EIP.

Stock Options

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a closed form option valuation (Black-Scholes) model. The following table presents a summary of the status of the Company’s outstanding stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	March 31, 2024
		Weighted
		Average
	Shares	Exercise Price
Outstanding at Beginning of Year	2,014,994	$	10.57
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(8,000)		8.28
Forfeitures	(5,000)		11.10
Outstanding at Period End	2,001,994	$	10.58

Options Exercisable at Period End	1,421,494	$	9.80

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized compensation expense for stock options of $249,000 and $186,000, respectively.

The following table presents information pertaining to options outstanding at March 31, 2024:


		Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
					Weighted Average
		Number of	Weighted Average		Remaining Contractual	Number of	Weighted Average
Range of Exercise Prices		Options	Exercise Price		Life in Years	Options	Exercise Price
$	3.00 - 3.99	10,000	$	3.58	0.8	10,000	$	3.58
	7.00 - 7.99	888,966		7.47	3.5	888,966		7.47
	8.00 - 8.99	12,500		8.76	6.0	6,250		8.76
	10.00 - 10.99	249,000		10.63	9.2	7,500		10.08
	11.00 - 11.99	262,500		11.15	8.2	75,000		11.29
	12.00 - 12.99	263,528		12.90	5.3	263,528		12.90
	13.00 - 13.99	25,000		13.22	4.1	25,000		13.22
	17.00 - 17.99	290,500		17.50	7.8	145,250		17.50
	Totals	2,001,994	$	10.58	5.7	1,421,494	$	9.80

As of March 31, 2024, there was $2.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years.

The following table presents an analysis of nonvested options to purchase shares of the Company’s stock issued and outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


		Weighted
	Number of	Average Grant
	Shares	Date Fair Value
Nonvested Options at December 31, 2023	666,250	$	5.09
Granted	—		—
Vested	(80,750)		5.05
Forfeited	(5,000)		4.58
Nonvested Options at March 31, 2024	580,500	$	5.10

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Restricted Stock Awards

In 2019 and 2020, the Company granted restricted stock awards out of the 2019 EIP. These awards vest in equal annual installments on the first four anniversaries of the date of the grant. Nonvested restricted stock awards are classified as outstanding shares with forfeitable voting and dividend rights.

The following table presents an analysis of nonvested restricted stock awards outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


		Weighted
	Number of	Average Grant
	Shares	Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2023	3,411	$	10.53
Granted	—		—
Vested	(987)		12.67
Forfeited	—		—
Nonvested at March 31, 2024	2,424	$	9.66

Compensation expense associated with the restricted stock awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period that the restrictions associated with the awards lapse based on the total cost of the award at the grant date. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized compensation expense for restricted stock awards of $8,000 and $111,000, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $5,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards granted under the 2019 EIP that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.4 years.

In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 10,452 shares of unrestricted common stock to non-employee directors, as a part of their compensation for their annual services on the Company’s board of directors. The aggregate value of the shares issued to non-employee directors of $121,000 was included in stock based compensation expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company has granted restricted stock units out of the 2019 EIP and 2023 EIP. Restricted stock units represent the right to receive one share of Company stock upon vesting and vest in equal annual installments on the first four anniversaries of the date of the grant. Nonvested restricted stock units have no voting or dividend rights and are not considered outstanding until vesting.

The following table presents an analysis of nonvested restricted stock units outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


		Weighted
	Number of	Average Grant
	Units	Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2023	441,015	$	14.71
Granted	63,184		11.89
Vested	(22,365)		15.60
Forfeited	(10,276)		14.75
Nonvested at March 31, 2024	471,558	$	14.29

Compensation expense associated with the restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period that the restrictions associated with the units lapse based on the total cost of the unit at the grant date. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized compensation expense for restricted stock units of $653,000 and $529,000, respectively.

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As of March 31, 2024, there was $5.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units granted under the 2019 EIP or 2023 EIP that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

Note 12: Regulatory Capital

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank must also meet certain specific capital guidelines under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets (referred to as the “leverage ratio”), as defined under the applicable regulatory capital rules.

The following tables present the capital amounts and ratios for the Company, on a consolidated basis, and the Bank as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


					Minimum Required				For Capital Adequacy				To be Well Capitalized
					For Capital Adequacy				Purposes Plus Capital				Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Purposes				Conservation Buffer				Action Regulations
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
March 31, 2024
Company (Consolidated):
Total Risk-based Capital	$	577,485	14.00	%	$	329,909	8.00	%	$	433,006	10.50	%		N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		446,521	10.83			247,432	6.00			350,529	8.50			N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		380,007	9.21			185,574	4.50			288,671	7.00			N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		446,521	9.66			184,949	4.00			184,949	4.00			N/A	N/A
Bank:
Total Risk-based Capital	$	565,440	13.73	%	$	329,510	8.00	%	$	432,482	10.50	%	$	411,887	10.00	%
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		513,920	12.48			247,132	6.00			350,104	8.50			329,510	8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		513,920	12.48			185,349	4.50			288,321	7.00			267,727	6.50
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		513,920	11.12			184,797	4.00			184,797	4.00			230,996	5.00

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					Minimum Required				For Capital Adequacy				To be Well Capitalized
					For Capital Adequacy				Purposes Plus Capital				Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Purposes				Conservation Buffer				Action Regulations
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
December 31, 2023
Company (Consolidated):
Total Risk-based Capital	$	570,770	13.97	%	$	326,872	8.00	%	$	429,019	10.50	%		N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		440,947	10.79			245,154	6.00			347,301	8.50			N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		374,433	9.16			183,865	4.50			286,013	7.00			N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		440,947	9.57			184,383	4.00			184,383	4.00			N/A	N/A
Bank:
Total Risk-based Capital	$	554,269	13.58	%	$	326,528	8.00	%	$	428,568	10.50	%	$	408,160	10.00	%
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		503,787	12.34			244,896	6.00			346,936	8.50			326,528	8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		503,787	12.34			183,672	4.50			285,712	7.00			265,304	6.50
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		503,787	10.95			184,037	4.00			184,037	4.00			230,047	5.00

The Company and the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, as defined by regulatory guidelines, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, stock repurchases and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

Note 13: Fair Value Measurement

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique used to determine fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used in the determination of the fair value measurement fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities valued at fair value are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1 – Inputs that utilized quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2 – Inputs that include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. Fair values for these instruments are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows.

Level 3 – Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company may re-measure the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis to fair value. Adjustments to fair value usually result when certain assets are impaired. Such assets are written down from their carrying amounts to their fair value.

Professional standards allow entities the irrevocable option to elect to measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company adopted the policy to value certain financial instruments at fair value. The Company has not elected to measure any existing financial instruments at fair value; however, it may elect to measure newly acquired financial instruments at fair value in the future.

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Recurring Basis

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. There have been no changes in methodologies used as of March 31, 2024. The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Fair Value of Financial Assets:
Securities Available for Sale:
Municipal Bonds	$	—	$	132,091	$	—	$	132,091
Mortgage-Backed Securities		—		244,216		—		244,216
Corporate Securities		—		132,952		—		132,952
SBA Securities		—		17,025		—		17,025
Asset-Backed Securities		—		106,998		—		106,998
Interest Rate Caps		—		20,445		—		20,445
Interest Rate Swaps		—		15,069		—		15,069
Total Fair Value of Financial Assets	$	—	$	668,796	$	—	$	668,796
Fair Value of Financial Liabilities:
Interest Rate Swaps	$	—	$	8,313	$	—	$	8,313
Total Fair Value of Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	8,313	$	—	$	8,313


	December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Fair Value of Financial Assets:
Securities Available for Sale:
Municipal Bonds	$	—	$	132,524	$	—	$	132,524
Mortgage-Backed Securities		—		235,315		—		235,315
Corporate Securities		—		130,605		—		130,605
SBA Securities		—		18,674		—		18,674
Asset-Backed Securities		—		86,986		—		86,986
Interest Rate Caps		—		18,717		—		18,717
Interest Rate Swaps		—		13,872		—		13,872
Total Fair Value of Financial Assets	$	—	$	636,693	$	—	$	636,693
Fair Value of Financial Liabilities:
Interest Rate Swaps	$	—	$	8,601	$	—	$	8,601
Total Fair Value of Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	8,601	$	—	$	8,601

Investment Securities

When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of investment securities; such items are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

For the Company’s investments, when quoted prices are not available for identical securities in an active market, the Company determines fair value utilizing vendors who apply matrix pricing for similar bonds where no price is observable or may compile prices from various sources. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curve, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market, and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially, all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace and can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Fair values from these models are verified, where possible, against quoted market prices for recent trading activity of assets with similar characteristics to the security being valued. Such methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, when prices from independent sources vary, or cannot be obtained or corroborated, a security is generally classified as Level 3.

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Interest Rate Caps

The fair value of the caps is calculated by determining the total expected asset or liability exposure of the derivatives. Total expected exposure incorporates both the current and potential future exposure of the derivative, derived from using observable inputs, such as yield curves and volatilities, and accordingly are valued using Level 2 inputs.

Interest Rate Swaps

Interest rate swaps are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For those interest rate swaps, fair value is determined using internally developed models of a third party that uses primarily market observable inputs, such as yield curves and option volatilities, and accordingly are valued using Level 2 inputs.

Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment or a change in the amount of previously recognized impairment.

The following tables present net impairment losses related to nonrecurring fair value measurements of certain assets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Loss
Individually Evaluated Loans	$	—	$	—	$	9,364	$	231
Totals	$	—	$	—	$	9,364	$	231


	December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Loss
Individually Evaluated Loans	$	—	$	—	$	9,602	$	199
Totals	$	—	$	—	$	9,602	$	199

Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company records certain loans at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Individually evaluated loans for which an allowance is established, or a write-down has occurred during the period, based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by appraisals, independent valuation and other techniques. When the fair value of the loan’s collateral is based on an observable market price the Company classifies the fair value of the individually evaluated loans within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. For loans in which the valuation has unobservable inputs, the Company classifies these within the Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. As of March 31, 2024, collateral values were estimated using a combination of observable inputs, including recent appraisals, and unobservable inputs, including internally determined values based on cost adjusted for depreciation and customized discounting criteria on appraisals which ranged from 3-15%. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of individually evaluated loans have been classified as Level 3.

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Fair Value

Disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, for which it is practicable to estimate that value, is required whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value of cash flow or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Certain financial instruments with a fair value that is not practicable to estimate and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent the underlying value of the Company.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters that could affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. Deposits with no stated maturities are defined as having a fair value equivalent to the amount payable on demand. This prohibits adjusting fair value derived from retaining those deposits for an expected future period of time. This component, commonly referred to as a deposit base intangible, is neither considered in the above amounts nor is it recorded as an intangible asset on the balance sheet. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

The following tables present the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024
			Fair Value Hierarchy
	Carrying								Estimated
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and Due From Banks	$	143,355	$	143,355	$	—	$	—	$	143,355
Securities Available for Sale		633,282		—		633,282		—		633,282
FHLB Stock, at Cost		17,195		—		17,195		—		17,195
Loans, Net		3,726,502		—		3,627,836		9,364		3,637,200
Accrued Interest Receivable		16,696		—		16,696		—		16,696
Interest Rate Caps		20,445		—		20,445		—		20,445
Interest Rate Swaps		15,069		—		15,069		—		15,069

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	3,807,225	$	—	$	3,799,680	$	—	$	3,799,680
Notes Payable		13,750		—		13,763		—		13,763
FHLB Advances		317,000		—		316,046		—		316,046
Subordinated Debentures		79,383		—		78,991		—		78,991
Accrued Interest Payable		4,405		—		4,405		—		4,405
Interest Rate Swaps		8,313		—		8,313		—		8,313

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	December 31, 2023
			Fair Value Hierarchy
	Carrying								Estimated
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and Due From Banks	$	128,562	$	128,562	$	—	$	—	$	128,562
Securities Available for Sale		604,104		—		604,104		—		604,104
FHLB Stock, at Cost		17,097		—		17,097		—		17,097
Loans, Net		3,667,215		—		3,579,583		9,602		3,589,185
Accrued Interest Receivable		16,697		—		16,697		—		16,697
Interest Rate Caps		18,717		—		18,717		—		18,717
Interest Rate Swaps		13,872		—		13,872		—		13,872

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	3,709,948	$	—	$	3,709,086	$	—	$	3,709,086
Notes Payable		13,750		—		13,805		—		13,805
FHLB Advances		319,500		—		319,305		—		319,305
Subordinated Debentures		79,288		—		77,557		—		77,557
Accrued Interest Payable		5,282		—		5,282		—		5,282
Interest Rate Swaps		8,601		—		8,601		—		8,601

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company to estimate fair value of financial instruments not previously discussed.

Cash and due from banks – The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value.

FHLB stock – The carrying amount of FHLB stock approximates its fair value.

Loans, net – Fair values for loans are estimated based on discounted cash flows, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality.

Accrued interest receivable – The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates its fair value since it is short term in nature and does not present anticipated credit concerns.

Deposits – The fair values disclosed for demand deposits without stated maturities (interest and noninterest transaction, savings, and money market accounts) are equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (their carrying amounts). Fair values for the fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Notes payable and subordinated debentures – The fair values of the Company’s notes payable and subordinated debentures are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

FHLB advances – The fair values of the Company’s FHLB advances are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing agreements.

Accrued interest payable – The carrying amount of accrued interest payable approximates its fair value since it is short term in nature.

Off-balance sheet instruments – Fair values of the Company’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and unused lines of credit) are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements, the counterparties’ credit standing and discounted cash flow analysis.

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The fair value of these off-balance sheet items approximates the recorded amounts of the related fees and was not material at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Limitations – The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between market participants, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Consequently, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

Note 14: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the components of other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


(dollars in thousands)	Before Tax		Tax Effect		Net of Tax
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Net Unrealized Gain on Available for Sale Securities	$	235	$	(67)	$	168
Less: Reclassification Adjustment for Net Gains Included in Net Income		(93)		27		(66)
Total Unrealized Gain		142		(40)		102

Net Unrealized Gain on Cash Flow Hedge		5,712		(1,642)		4,070
Less: Reclassification Adjustment for Gains Included in Net Income		(2,303)		661		(1,642)
Total Unrealized Gain		3,409		(981)		2,428

Other Comprehensive Income	$	3,551	$	(1,021)	$	2,530

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Net Unrealized Gain on Available for Sale Securities	$	5,243	$	(1,506)	$	3,737
Less: Reclassification Adjustment for Net Losses Included in Net Income		56		(16)		40
Total Unrealized Gain		5,299		(1,522)		3,777

Net Unrealized Loss on Cash Flow Hedge		(4,169)		1,198		(2,971)
Less: Reclassification Adjustment for Gains Included in Net Income		(1,067)		307		(760)
Total Unrealized Loss		(5,236)		1,505		(3,731)

Other Comprehensive Income	$	63	$	(17)	$	46

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The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


					Accumulated
	Available For				Other Comprehensive
(dollars in thousands)	Sale Securities		Cash Flow Hedge		Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	(31,720)	$	13,474	$	(18,246)
Other Comprehensive Income Before Reclassifications		168		4,070		4,238
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		(66)		(1,642)		(1,708)
Net Other Comprehensive Income During Period		102		2,428		2,530
Balance at End of Period	$	(31,618)	$	15,902	$	(15,716)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	(34,124)	$	16,182	$	(17,942)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications		3,737		(2,971)		766
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		40		(760)		(720)
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) During Period		3,777		(3,731)		46
Balance at End of Period	$	(30,347)	$	12,451	$	(17,896)

Note 15: Subsequent Events

On April 24, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors announced a quarterly cash dividend of $36.72 per share ($0.3672 per depositary share) on its 5.875% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (“Series A Preferred Stock”), payable on June 3, 2024, to shareholders of record on the Series A Preferred Stock at the close of business on May 15, 2024.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

The following discussion explains the Company’s financial condition and results of operations as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Annualized results for this interim period may not be indicative of results for the full year or future periods. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes presented elsewhere in this report and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 7, 2024.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning plans, estimates, calculations, forecasts and projections with respect to the anticipated future performance of the Company. These statements are often, but not always, identified by words such as “may”, “might”, “should”, “could”, “predict”, “potential”, “believe”, “expect”, “continue”, “will”, “anticipate”, “seek”, “estimate”, “intend”, “plan”, “projection”, “would”, “annualized”, “target” and “outlook”, or the negative version of those words or other comparable words of a future or forward-looking nature. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could

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cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

●

interest rate risk, including the effects of significant rate increases by the Federal Reserve since 2022;

●

fluctuations in the values of the securities held in our securities portfolio, including as the result of changes in interest rates;

●

business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, nationally and within our market area, including high rates of inflation and possible recession;

●

the effects of developments and events in the financial services industry, including the large-scale deposit withdrawals over a short period of time that resulted in recent bank failures;

●

loan concentrations in our loan portfolio;

●

the overall health of the local and national real estate market;

●

the ability to successfully manage credit risk;

●

the ability to maintain an adequate level of allowance for credit losses on loans;

●

new or revised accounting standards;

●

the concentration of large loans to certain borrowers;

●

the concentration of large deposits from certain clients, who have balances above current Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits;

●

the ability to successfully manage liquidity risk, which may increase the dependence on non-core funding sources such as brokered deposits, and negatively impact our cost of funds;

●

the ability to raise additional capital to implement our business plan;

●

the ability to implement our growth strategy and manage costs effectively;

●

the composition of the Company’s senior leadership team and the ability to attract and retain key personnel;

●

the occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our third party vendors’ information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents, including as a result of sophisticated attacks using artificial intelligence and similar tools;

●

interruptions involving our information technology and telecommunications systems or third-party servicers;

●

competition in the financial services industry, including from nonbank competitors such as credit unions and “fintech” companies;

●

the effectiveness of the risk management framework;

●

the commencement and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings and regulatory actions against us;

●

the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including in response to recent bank failures;

●

risks related to climate change and the negative impact it may have on our clients and their businesses;

●

the imposition of other governmental policies impacting the value of products produced by our commercial borrowers;

●

severe weather, natural disasters, wide spread disease or pandemics, acts of war or terrorism, or other adverse external events, including the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Russian invasion of Ukraine;

●

potential impairment to the goodwill the Company recorded in connection with a past acquisition;

●

changes to U.S. or state tax laws, regulations and guidance, including the 1% excise tax on stock buybacks by publicly traded companies; and

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●

any other risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of this report and in other reports filed by Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this report. In addition, past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future results. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Overview

The Company is a financial holding company headquartered in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. The principal sources of funds for loans and investments are transaction, savings, time, and other deposits, and short-term and long-term borrowings. The Company’s principal sources of income are interest and fees collected on loans, interest and dividends earned on investment securities and service charges. The Company’s principal expenses are interest paid on deposit accounts and borrowings, employee compensation and other overhead expenses. The Company’s simple, efficient business model of providing responsive support and unconventional experiences to clients continues to be the underlying principle that drives the Company’s profitable growth.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared based on the application of certain accounting policies, the most significant of which are described in “Note 1 – Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included as a part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 7, 2024. There have been no significant changes in the critical accounting policies or the assumptions and judgments utilized in applying these policies since December 31, 2023. Certain policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions that may prove inaccurate or subject to variation and may significantly affect the reported results and financial position for the current period or in future periods. The use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments are necessary when financial assets and liabilities are required to be recorded or adjusted to reflect fair value. Assets carried at fair value inherently result in more financial statement volatility. Fair values and information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based on either quoted market prices or are provided by other independent third-party sources, when available. When such information is not available, management estimates valuation adjustments. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions or estimates in any of these areas could have a material impact on the future financial condition and results of operations. Management has discussed each critical accounting policy and the methodology for the identification and determination of critical accounting policies with the Company's Audit Committee.

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Operating Results Overview

The following table summarizes certain key financial results as of and for the periods indicated:


	As of and for the Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2024			2023			2023			2023			2023
Income Statement
Net Interest Income	$	24,631		$	25,314		$	25,421		$	25,872		$	28,567
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses		750			(250)			(600)			50			625
Noninterest Income		1,550			1,409			1,726			1,415			1,943
Noninterest Expense		15,189			15,740			15,237			14,274			14,069
Net Income		7,831			8,873			9,629			9,816			11,642
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders		6,818			7,859			8,616			8,802			10,629

Per Common Share Data
Basic Earnings Per Share	$	0.25		$	0.28		$	0.31		$	0.32		$	0.38
Diluted Earnings Per Share		0.24			0.28			0.30			0.31			0.37
Book Value Per Share		13.30			12.94			12.47			12.25			12.05
Tangible Book Value Per Share ⁽¹⁾		13.20			12.84			12.37			12.15			11.95
Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding		27,691,401			27,870,430			27,943,409			27,886,425			27,726,894
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding		28,089,805			28,238,056			28,311,778			28,198,739			28,490,046
Shares Outstanding at Period End		27,589,827			27,748,965			28,015,505			27,973,995			27,845,244

Selected Performance Ratios
Return on Average Assets ⁽²⁾		0.69	%		0.77	%		0.85	%		0.88	%		1.07	%
Pre-Provision Net Revenue Return on Average Assets ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		0.95			0.96			1.01			1.16			1.49
Return on Average Shareholders' Equity ⁽²⁾		7.35			8.43			9.23			9.69			11.70
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		7.64			8.95			9.92			10.48			12.90
Average Shareholders' Equity to Average Assets		9.32			9.15			9.19			9.06			9.16
Net Interest Margin ⁽³⁾		2.24			2.27			2.32			2.40			2.72
Core Net Interest Margin ⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾		2.18			2.21			2.24			2.31			2.62
Yield on Interest Earning Assets⁽³⁾		5.28			5.22			5.14			5.06			4.91
Yield on Total Loans, Gross⁽³⁾		5.38			5.33			5.26			5.19			5.06
Cost of Interest Bearing Liabilities		4.03			3.97			3.81			3.59			3.03
Cost of Total Deposits		3.32			3.19			2.99			2.66			2.01
Cost of Funds		3.34			3.23			3.10			2.91			2.41
Efficiency Ratio⁽¹⁾		58.2			58.8			56.1			52.3			45.9
Noninterest Expense to Average Assets ⁽²⁾		1.33			1.37			1.34			1.28			1.30

Balance Sheet
Total Assets	$	4,723,109		$	4,611,990		$	4,557,070		$	4,603,185		$	4,602,899
Total Loans, Gross		3,784,205			3,724,282			3,722,271			3,736,211			3,684,360
Deposits		3,807,225			3,709,948			3,675,509			3,577,932			3,411,123
Total Shareholders' Equity		433,611			425,515			415,960			409,126			402,006
Loan to Deposit Ratio		99.4	%		100.4	%		101.3	%		104.4	%		108.0	%
Core Deposits to Total Deposits ⁽⁴⁾		69.3			68.7			70.3			70.3			72.4
Uninsured Deposits to Total Deposits		26.0			24.3			22.2			22.1			24.0

Capital Ratios (Consolidated) ⁽⁶⁾
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		9.66	%		9.57	%		9.62	%		9.47	%		9.41	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-based Capital Ratio		9.21			9.16			9.07			8.72			8.48
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital Ratio		10.83			10.79			10.69			10.33			10.08
Total Risk-based Capital Ratio		14.00			13.97			13.88			13.50			13.25
Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets ⁽¹⁾		7.72			7.73			7.61			7.39			7.23

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	As of and for the Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023			2023			2023
Selected Asset Quality Data
Loans 30-89 Days Past Due	$	—		$	15,110		$	11		$	—		$	21
Loans 30-89 Days Past Due to Total Loans		0.00	%		0.41	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Nonperforming Loans	$	249		$	919		$	749		$	662		$	693
Nonperforming Loans to Total Loans		0.01	%		0.02	%		0.02	%		0.02	%		0.02	%
Nonaccrual Loans to Total Loans		0.01			0.02			0.02			0.02			0.02
Nonaccrual Loans and Loans Past Due 90 Days and Still Accruing to Total Loans		0.01			0.02			0.02			0.02			0.02
Foreclosed Assets	$	20		$	—		$	—		$	116		$	116
Nonperforming Assets ⁽⁵⁾		269			919			749			778			809
Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets ⁽⁵⁾		0.01	%		0.02	%		0.02	%		0.02	%		0.02	%
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans to Total Loans		1.36			1.36			1.36			1.36			1.36
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans to Nonaccrual Loans		20,621.29			5,494.45			6,753.67			7,658.76			7,236.36
Net Loan Charge-Offs to Average Loans ⁽²⁾		0.00			0.01			0.01			0.00			0.00
Watchlist Risk Rating Loans	$	21,624		$	26,485		$	26,877		$	27,215		$	27,574
Substandard Risk Rating Loans		33,829			33,858			35,621			33,821			36,258

(1)	Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further details.

(2)	Annualized.

(3)	Amounts calculated on a tax-equivalent basis using the statutory federal tax rate of 21%.

(4)	Core deposits are defined as total deposits less brokered deposits and certificates of deposit greater than $250,000.

(5)	Nonperforming assets are defined as nonaccrual loans plus 90 days past due plus foreclosed assets.

Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations

Net Income

Net income was $7.8 million for the first quarter of 2024, compared to net income of $11.6 million for the first quarter of 2023. Earnings per diluted common share for the first quarter of 2024 were $0.24, compared to $0.37 per diluted common share for the first quarter of 2023.

Net Interest Income

The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is impacted by the level of interest earning assets and related funding sources, as well as changes in the level of interest rates. The difference between the average yield on earning assets and the average rate paid for interest bearing liabilities is the net interest spread. Noninterest bearing sources of funds, such as demand deposits and shareholders’ equity, also support earning assets. The impact of the noninterest bearing sources of funds is captured in the net interest margin, which is calculated as net interest income divided by average earning assets. Both the net interest margin and net interest spread are presented on a tax-equivalent basis, which means that tax-free interest income has been adjusted to pretax-equivalent income, assuming a 21% federal tax rate. Management’s ability to respond to changes in interest rates by using effective asset-liability management techniques is critical to managing net interest margin and the Company’s primary source of earnings.

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Average Balances and Yields

The following table presents, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the average balances of each principal category of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, and an analysis of net interest income. The average balances are principally daily averages and, for loans, include both performing and nonperforming balances. Interest income on loans includes the effects of net deferred loan origination fees and costs accounted for as yield adjustments. These tables are presented on a tax-equivalent basis, if applicable.


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024						March 31, 2023
	Average		Interest		Yield/		Average		Interest		Yield/
	Balance		& Fees		Rate		Balance		& Fees		Rate
(dollars in thousands)
Interest Earning Assets:
Cash Investments	$	75,089	$	829	4.44	%	$	63,253	$	447	2.86	%
Investment Securities:
Taxable Investment Securities		638,509		7,600	4.79			574,242		5,958	4.21
Tax-Exempt Investment Securities⁽¹⁾		31,745		400	5.07			29,803		330	4.49
Total Investment Securities		670,254		8,000	4.80			604,045		6,288	4.22
Loans ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		3,729,355		49,858	5.38			3,630,446		45,265	5.06
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock		18,058		343	7.64			25,962		372	5.81
Total Interest Earning Assets		4,492,756		59,030	5.28	%		4,323,706		52,372	4.91	%
Noninterest Earning Assets		100,082						81,528
Total Assets	$	4,592,838					$	4,405,234
Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest Bearing Transaction Deposits	$	732,186	$	7,693	4.23	%	$	461,372	$	2,780	2.44	%
Savings and Money Market Deposits		896,844		8,781	3.94			1,044,794		6,499	2.52
Time Deposits		317,595		3,167	4.01			248,174		1,069	1.75
Brokered Deposits		1,014,197		10,549	4.18			743,465		6,026	3.29
Total Interest Bearing Deposits		2,960,822		30,190	4.10			2,497,805		16,374	2.66
Federal Funds Purchased		21,824		304	5.60			415,111		4,944	4.83
Notes Payable		13,750		295	8.64			13,750		263	7.77
FHLB Advances		318,648		2,258	2.85			128,222		861	2.72
Subordinated Debentures		79,328		991	5.02			78,945		983	5.05
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		3,394,372		34,038	4.03	%		3,133,833		23,425	3.03	%
Noninterest Bearing Liabilities:
Noninterest Bearing Transaction Deposits		701,175						813,598
Other Noninterest Bearing Liabilities		69,043						54,270
Total Noninterest Bearing Liabilities		770,218						867,868
Shareholders' Equity		428,248						403,533
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	4,592,838					$	4,405,234
Net Interest Income / Interest Rate Spread				24,992	1.25	%				28,947	1.88	%
Net Interest Margin ⁽³⁾					2.24	%					2.72	%
Taxable Equivalent Adjustment:
Tax-Exempt Investment Securities and Loans				(361)						(380)
Net Interest Income			$	24,631					$	28,567

(1)	Interest income and average rates for tax-exempt investment securities and loans are presented on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21%.

(2)	Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.

(3)	Net interest margin includes the tax equivalent adjustment and represents the annualized results of: (i) the difference between interest income on interest earning assets and the interest expense on interest bearing liabilities, divided by (ii) average interest earning assets for the period.

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Interest Rates and Operating Interest Differential

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table presents the effect that these factors had on the interest earned on interest earning assets and the interest incurred on interest bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous period’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the previous period’s volume. The changes not attributable specifically to either volume or rate have been allocated to the changes due to volume. The following table presents the changes in the volume and rate of interest bearing assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Compared with
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Change Due To:				Interest
(dollars in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Variance
Interest Earning Assets:
Cash Investments	$	134	$	248	$	382
Investment Securities:
Taxable Investment Securities		814		828		1,642
Tax-Exempt Investment Securities		27		43		70
Total Securities		841		871		1,712
Loans		1,705		2,888		4,593
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock		(147)		118		(29)
Total Interest Earning Assets	$	2,533	$	4,125	$	6,658

Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Interest Bearing Transaction Deposits	$	2,868	$	2,045	$	4,913
Savings and Money Market Deposits		(1,394)		3,676		2,282
Time Deposits		701		1,397		2,098
Brokered Deposits		2,867		1,656		4,523
Total Deposits		5,042		8,774		13,816
Federal Funds Purchased		(5,438)		798		(4,640)
Notes Payable		2		30		32
FHLB Advances		1,357		40		1,397
Subordinated Debentures		14		(6)		8
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		977		9,636		10,613
Net Interest Income	$	1,556	$	(5,511)	$	(3,955)

Comparison of Interest Income, Interest Expense, and Net Interest Margin

Net interest income was $24.6 million for the first quarter of 2024, a decrease of $3.9 million compared to $28.6 million for the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to higher rates paid on deposits and growth in the rising interest rate environment, which outpaced the repricing of the loan and securities portfolios.

Net interest margin (on a fully tax-equivalent basis) for the first quarter of 2024 was 2.24%, a 48 basis point decline from 2.72% in the first quarter of 2023. Core net interest margin (on a fully tax-equivalent basis), a non-GAAP financial measure which excludes the impact of loan fees, was 2.18% for the first quarter of 2024, a 44 basis point decline from 2.62% in the first quarter of 2023. The decline in the margin was primarily due to higher funding costs, offset partially by higher earning asset yields.

Average interest earning assets were $4.49 million for the first quarter of 2024, an increase of $169.0 million, or 3.9%, compared to $4.32 billion for the first quarter of 2023. This increase in average interest earning assets was

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primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio and purchases of investment securities. Average interest bearing liabilities were $3.39 billion for the first quarter of 2024, an increase of $260.5 million, or 8.3%, compared to $3.13 billion for the first quarter of 2023. The increase in average interest bearing liabilities was primarily due to an increase in interest bearing transaction deposits, time deposits, brokered deposits and FHLB advances, offset partially by a decrease in federal funds purchased.

Average interest earning assets produced a tax-equivalent yield of 5.28% for the first quarter of 2024, compared to 4.91% for the first quarter of 2023. The increase in the yield on interest earning assets was primarily due to growth and repricing of the loan and securities portfolios in the rising interest rate environment. The average rate paid on interest bearing liabilities was 4.03% for the first quarter of 2024, compared to 3.03% for the first quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily due to deposit repricing, which resulted from a rapid increase in market interest rates.

Interest Income. Total interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, was $59.0 million for the first quarter of 2024, compared to $52.4 million for the first quarter of 2023. The $6.7 million increase in total interest income on a tax-equivalent basis was primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio, purchases of investment securities and higher earning asset yields in the rising interest rate environment.

Interest income on the investment securities portfolio, on a tax-equivalent basis, increased $1.7 million for the first quarter of 2024, compared to the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to a $66.2 million, or 11.0%, increase in average balances between the two periods and higher rates earned on securities.

Interest income on loans, on a tax-equivalent basis, was $49.9 million for the first quarter of 2024, compared to $45.3 million for the first quarter of 2023. The $4.6 million increase was primarily due to growth and repricing of the loan portfolio in the rising interest rate environment.

Loan interest income and loan fees remain the primary contributing factors to the changes in the yield on interest earning assets. The aggregate loan yield increased to 5.38% in the first quarter of 2024, which was 32 basis points higher than 5.06% in the first quarter of 2023. Despite the overall decrease in fee recognition, the core loan yield continues to rise as new loan originations and the existing portfolio reprice in the higher rate environment.

The following table presents a summary of interest and fees recognized on loans for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Interest	5.31	%	5.25	%	5.16	%	5.09	%	4.95	%
Fees	0.07		0.08		0.10		0.10		0.11
Yield on Loans	5.38	%	5.33	%	5.26	%	5.19	%	5.06	%

Interest Expense. Interest expense on interest bearing liabilities was $34.0 million for the first quarter of 2024, an increase of $10.6 million, from $23.4 million for the first quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily due to growth and upward repricing of the deposit and FHLB advances portfolios in the higher interest rate environment.

Interest expense on deposits was $30.2 million for the first quarter of 2024, an increase of $13.8 million, from $16.4 million for the first quarter of 2023. The increase in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to upward repricing of the deposit portfolio in the higher interest rate environment and the average balance of interest bearing deposits increasing by $463.0 million, or 18.5%. The cost of total deposits was 3.32% in the first quarter of 2024, a 131 basis point increase, compared to 2.01% in the first quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily due to the upward repricing of the deposit portfolio in the higher interest rate environment.

Interest expense on borrowings was $3.8 million for the first quarter of 2024, a decrease of $3.2 million, compared to $7.1 million for the first quarter of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decreased utilization of federal funds purchased in the higher interest rate environment, offset partially by increased utilization of FHLB advances.

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Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses on loans was $850,000 for the first quarter of 2024, compared to $1.5 million for the first quarter of 2023. The provision for credit losses on loans recorded in the first quarter of 2024 was primarily attributable to the increased growth of the loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans was 1.36% at both March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.

The following table presents a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	50,494	$	47,996
Impact of Adopting CECL		—		650
Provision for Credit Losses		850		1,500
Charge-offs		(2)		(4)
Recoveries		5		6
Balance at End of Period	$	51,347	$	50,148

The provision for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures was a negative provision of $100,000 for the first quarter of 2024, compared to a negative provision of $875,000 for the first quarter of 2023. The negative provision for both periods was due to a reduction in outstanding unfunded commitments primarily attributable to the migration to funded loans, as well as a moderation of volume of newly originated projects with unfunded commitments. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.9 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to $3.0 million as of December 31, 2023.

The following table presents a summary of the activity in the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase/
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		(Decrease)
Provision for Credit Losses on Loans	$	850	$	1,500	$	(650)
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures		(100)		(875)		775
Provision for Credit Losses	$	750	$	625	$	125

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income was $1.6 million for the first quarter of 2024, a decrease of $393,000 from $1.9 million for the first quarter of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower letter of credit fees and $299,000 of FHLB prepayment income recognized in the previous year which did not reoccur, offset partially by a net gain on sale of securities.

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The following table presents the major components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase/
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		(Decrease)
Noninterest Income:
Customer Service Fees	$	342	$	349	$	(7)
Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Securities		93		(56)		149
Letter of Credit Fees		316		634		(318)
Debit Card Interchange Fees		141		138		3
Bank-Owned Life Insurance		301		234		67
FHLB Prepayment Income		—		299		(299)
Other Income		357		345		12
Totals	$	1,550	$	1,943	$	(393)

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense was $15.2 million for the first quarter of 2024, an increase of $1.1 million from $14.1 million for the first quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in salaries and employee benefits, industry-wide increases in the FDIC insurance assessment, higher professional and consulting fees, derivative collateral fees and information technology and telecommunications, offset partially by decreases in occupancy and equipment.

The Company had 255 full-time equivalent employees at the end of the first quarter of 2024 compared to 246 employees at the end of the first quarter of 2023.

Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure, reports total noninterest expense, less amortization of intangible assets, as a percentage of net interest income plus total noninterest income, less gains (losses) on sales of securities. Management believes this non-GAAP financial measure provides a meaningful comparison of operational performance and facilitates investors’ assessments of business performance and trends in comparison to peers in the banking industry.

The efficiency ratio was 58.2% for the first quarter of 2024, compared to 45.9% for the first quarter of 2023. The efficiencies of the Company's "branch-light" model have positioned the Company well to continue navigating a challenging environment for a more spread-based revenue model.

The following table presents the major components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase/
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		(Decrease)
Noninterest Expense:
Salaries and Employee Benefits	$	9,433	$	8,815	$	618
Occupancy and Equipment		1,057		1,209		(152)
FDIC Insurance Assessment		875		665		210
Data Processing		412		357		55
Professional and Consulting Fees		889		755		134
Derivative Collateral Fees		486		380		106
Information Technology and Telecommunications		796		683		113
Marketing and Advertising		322		262		60
Intangible Asset Amortization		9		48		(39)
Other Expense		910		895		15
Totals	$	15,189	$	14,069	$	1,120

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Income Tax Expense

The provision for income taxes includes both federal and state taxes. Fluctuations in effective tax rates reflect the differences in the inclusion or deductibility of certain income and expenses for income tax purposes and the recognition of tax credits. The Company’s future effective income tax rate will fluctuate based on the mix of taxable and tax-free investments and loans, the recognition and availability of tax credit investments, and overall taxable income.

Income tax expense was $2.4 million for the first quarter of 2024, compared to $4.1 million for the first quarter of 2023. The effective combined federal and state income tax rate for the first quarter of 2024 was 23.5%, compared to 26.4% for the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the timing and delivery of tax credits.

Financial Condition

Assets

Total assets at March 31, 2024 were $4.72 billion, an increase of $111.1 million, or 2.4%, over total assets of $4.61 billion at December 31, 2023, and an increase of $120.2 million, or 2.6%, over total assets of $4.60 billion at March 31, 2023. The growth in both periods was primarily due to organic loan growth and purchases of investment securities.

Investment Securities Portfolio

The investment securities portfolio is used to make various term investments and is intended to provide the Company with adequate liquidity, a source of stable income, and at times, serve as collateral for certain types of deposits or borrowings. Investment balances in the investment securities portfolio are subject to change over time based on funding needs and interest rate risk management objectives. The liquidity levels take into account anticipated future cash flows and are maintained at levels management believes are appropriate to ensure future flexibility in meeting anticipated funding needs.

The investment securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities, municipal securities, and corporate securities comprised primarily of subordinated debentures of banks and financial holding companies. In addition, the Company also holds other mortgage backed and other debt securities, all with varying contractual maturities. These maturities do not necessarily represent the expected life of the securities as the securities may be called or paid down without penalty prior to their stated maturities. All investment securities are held as available for sale.

Securities available for sale were $633.3 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $604.1 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $29.2 million or 4.8%. At March 31, 2024, U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities represented 22.0% of the portfolio, municipal securities represented 20.9% of the portfolio, corporate securities represented 21.0% of the portfolio, SBA securities represented 2.7% of the portfolio, other mortgage-backed securities represented 16.5% of the portfolio, and asset-backed securities represented 16.9% of the portfolio.

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The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale, by type, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
SBA Securities	$	16,864	$	17,025	$	18,497	$	18,674
Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued or Guaranteed by U.S. Agencies (MBS):
Residential Pass-Through:
Guaranteed by GNMA		45,065		44,825		45,256		44,188
Issued by FNMA and FHLMC		23,937		21,004		24,319		21,687
Other Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities		73,487		63,615		74,832		65,617
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities		10,688		10,113		10,811		10,292
All Other Commercial MBS		106,902		104,659		94,237		93,531
Total MBS		260,079		244,216		249,455		235,315
Municipal Securities		151,221		132,091		151,512		132,524
Corporate Securities		142,851		132,952		142,098		130,605
Asset-Backed Securities		106,637		106,998		87,054		86,986
Total	$	677,652	$	633,282	$	648,616	$	604,104

Loan Portfolio

The Company focuses on lending to borrowers located or investing in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area across a diverse range of industries and property types. The Company lends primarily to commercial customers, consisting of loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, multifamily residential properties, land, and non-real estate business assets. Responsive service, local decision making, and an efficient turnaround time from application to closing have been significant factors in growing the loan portfolio.

The Company manages concentrations of credit exposure through a risk management program which implements formalized processes and procedures specifically for managing and mitigating risk within the loan portfolio. The processes and procedures include board and management oversight, commercial real estate exposure limits, portfolio monitoring tools, management information systems, market reports, underwriting standards, internal and external loan review, and stress testing.

Total gross loans at March 31, 2024 were $3.78 billion, an increase of $59.9 million, or 1.6%, over total gross loans of $3.72 billion at December 31, 2023, and an increase of $99.8 million, or 2.7%, over total gross loans of $3.68 billion at March 31, 2023. The increase in the loan portfolio during the first quarter of 2024 was primarily due to increased loan demand and originations as well as a moderation in loan payoffs. Gross loans grew on an annualized basis of 6.5% during the first quarter of 2024. The pace of loan growth has moderated, when compared to historical levels, due to active balance sheet management to align loan growth with the funding outlook and ultimately the impact of the higher interest rate environment on the number of prospective deals that meet underwriting standards.

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The following table presents the dollar and percentage composition of the loan portfolio by category, at the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023				June 30, 2023				March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Commercial	$	483,069	12.8	%	$	464,061	12.4	%	$	459,854	12.3	%	$	460,061	12.3	%	$	455,156	12.3	%
Construction and Land Development		200,970	5.3			232,804	6.3			294,818	7.9			351,069	9.4			312,277	8.5
1-4 Family Construction		65,606	1.7			65,087	1.8			64,463	1.7			69,648	1.8			85,797	2.3
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		417,773	11.0			402,396	10.8			404,716	10.9			400,708	10.7			380,210	10.3
Multifamily		1,389,345	36.7			1,388,541	37.3			1,378,669	37.0			1,314,524	35.2			1,320,081	35.8
CRE Owner Occupied		182,589	4.8			175,783	4.7			159,485	4.3			159,088	4.3			158,650	4.3
CRE Nonowner Occupied		1,035,702	27.4			987,306	26.5			951,263	25.6			971,532	26.0			962,671	26.2
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		3,025,409	79.9			2,954,026	79.3			2,894,133	77.8			2,845,852	76.2			2,821,612	76.6
Consumer and Other		9,151	0.3			8,304	0.2			9,003	0.3			9,581	0.3			9,518	0.3
Total Loans, Gross		3,784,205	100.0	%		3,724,282	100.0	%		3,722,271	100.0	%		3,736,211	100.0	%		3,684,360	100.0	%
Allowance for Credit Losses		(51,347)				(50,494)				(50,585)				(50,701)				(50,148)
Net Deferred Loan Fees		(6,356)				(6,573)				(7,222)				(7,718)				(8,735)
Total Loans, Net	$	3,726,502			$	3,667,215			$	3,664,464			$	3,677,792			$	3,625,477

The Company primarily focuses on real estate mortgage lending, which constituted 79.9% of the portfolio as of March 31, 2024. The composition of the portfolio has remained relatively consistent with prior periods and the Company does not expect any significant changes in the foreseeable future in the composition of the loan portfolio or in the emphasis on real estate lending.

As of March 31, 2024, investor CRE loans totaled $2.69 billion, consisting of $1.04 billion of loans secured by nonowner occupied CRE, $1.39 billion of loans secured by multifamily residential properties, $65.6 million of 1-4 family construction loans and $201.0 million of construction and land development loans. Investor CRE loans represented 71.1% of the total gross loan portfolio and 476.0% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital at March 31, 2024, compared to 71.8% and 482.4%, respectively, at December 31, 2023.

The following table provides a breakdown of CRE nonowner occupied loans by collateral types as of March 31, 2024:


			Percent of		Percent of
			CRE Nonowner		Total Loan
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Occupied Portfolio		Portfolio
Collateral Type:
Industrial	$	263,269	25.4	%	7.0	%
Office		199,656	19.3		5.3
Retail		147,669	14.3		3.9
Nursing/Assisted Living		143,748	13.9		3.8
Mini Storage Facility		101,473	9.8		2.7
Medical Office		80,779	7.8		2.1
Other		99,108	9.5		2.6
Total CRE Nonowner Occupied	$	1,035,702	100.0	%	27.4	%

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The following tables present time to contractual maturity and sensitivity to interest rate changes for the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31, 2024
	Due in One Year		More Than One		More Than Five		After
(dollars in thousands)	or Less		Year to Five Years		Year to Fifteen Years		Fifteen Years
Commercial	$	192,788	$	190,706	$	95,875	$	3,700
Construction and Land Development		74,580		94,660		31,730		—
1-4 Family Construction		46,898		9,463		9,245		—
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		57,260		280,317		79,554		642
Multifamily		219,491		533,350		549,203		87,301
CRE Owner Occupied		6,959		92,602		83,028		—
CRE Nonowner Occupied		232,918		533,134		269,650		—
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		516,628		1,439,403		981,435		87,943
Consumer and Other		5,086		3,857		—		208
Total Loans, Gross	$	835,980	$	1,738,089	$	1,118,285	$	91,851
Interest Rate Sensitivity:
Fixed Interest Rates	$	515,299	$	1,451,798	$	615,691	$	26,287
Floating or Adjustable Rates		320,681		286,291		502,594		65,564
Total Loans, Gross	$	835,980	$	1,738,089	$	1,118,285	$	91,851


	As of December 31, 2023
	Due in One Year		More Than One		More Than Five		After
(dollars in thousands)	or Less		Year to Five Years		Year to Fifteen Years		Fifteen Years
Commercial	$	157,047	$	206,460	$	96,826	$	3,728
Construction and Land Development		99,183		93,013		40,608		—
1-4 Family Construction		46,601		9,476		9,010		—
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		59,962		262,468		79,320		646
Multifamily		242,291		482,380		576,348		87,522
CRE Owner Occupied		8,271		83,280		84,232		—
CRE Nonowner Occupied		204,297		503,196		279,813		—
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		514,821		1,331,324		1,019,713		88,168
Consumer and Other		2,568		5,533		—		203
Total Loans, Gross	$	820,220	$	1,645,806	$	1,166,157	$	92,099
Interest Rate Sensitivity:
Fixed Interest Rates	$	502,454	$	1,414,656	$	673,563	$	26,172
Floating or Adjustable Rates		317,766		231,150		492,594		65,927
Total Loans, Gross	$	820,220	$	1,645,806	$	1,166,157	$	92,099

Asset Quality

The Company emphasizes credit quality in the originating and monitoring of the loan portfolio, and success in underwriting is measured by the levels of classified and nonperforming assets and net charge-offs. Federal regulations and internal policies require the use of an asset classification system as a means of managing and reporting problem and potential problem assets. The Company has incorporated an internal asset classification system, substantially consistent with federal banking regulations, as a part of the credit monitoring system. Federal banking regulations set forth a classification scheme for problem and potential problem assets as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” assets. An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the financial institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly

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questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are required to be designated “watch.”

The following table presents information on loan classifications at March 31, 2024. The Company had no assets classified as doubtful or loss at March 31, 2024.


	Risk Category
(dollars in thousands)	Watch		Substandard		Total
Commercial	$	519	$	15,124	$	15,643
Construction and Land Development		—		74		74
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		—		655		655
Multifamily		2,904		—		2,904
CRE Owner Occupied		—		996		996
CRE Nonowner Occupied		18,201		16,980		35,181
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		21,105		18,631		39,736
Totals	$	21,624	$	33,829	$	55,453

Loans that have potential weaknesses that warranted a watchlist risk rating at March 31, 2024, totaled $21.6 million, compared to $26.5 million at December 31, 2023. Loans that warranted a substandard risk rating at March 31, 2024 totaled $33.8 million, compared to $35.9 million at December 31, 2023. Management continues to actively work with these borrowers and closely monitor substandard credits.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming loans include loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis and loans 90 days past due and still accruing. Nonaccrual loans totaled $249,000 at March 31, 2024 and $919,000 at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $670,000. There were no loans 90 days past due and still accruing as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. There were foreclosed assets of $20,000 and -$0- as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents a summary of nonperforming assets, by category, at the dates indicated:


	March 31,			December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023
Total Nonaccrual Loans	$	249		$	919
Total Nonperforming Loans	$	249		$	919
Plus: Foreclosed Assets		20			—
Total Nonperforming Assets ⁽¹⁾	$	269		$	919
Nonaccrual Loans to Total Loans		0.01	%		0.02	%
Nonperforming Loans to Total Loans		0.01			0.02
Nonperforming Assets to Total Loans Plus Foreclosed Assets ⁽¹⁾		0.01			0.02

(1)	Nonperforming assets are defined as nonaccrual loans and loans greater than 90 days past due still accruing plus foreclosed assets. There were no loans greater than 90 days past due still accruing for any period shown.

The balance of nonperforming assets can fluctuate due to changes in economic conditions. The Company has established a policy to discontinue accruing interest on a loan (that is, place the loan on nonaccrual status) after it has become 90 days delinquent as to payment of principal or interest, unless the loan is considered to be well-collateralized and is actively in the process of collection. In addition, a loan will be placed on nonaccrual status before it becomes 90 days delinquent unless management believes that the collection of interest is expected. Interest previously accrued but uncollected on such loans is reversed and charged against current income when the receivable is determined to be uncollectible. If management believes that a loan will not be collected in full, an increase to the allowance for credit

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losses on loans is recorded to reflect management’s estimate of any potential exposure or loss. Generally, payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied directly to principal. Gross income that would have been recorded on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $13,000 and $16,000, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses on loans is a reserve established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses at a level management considers adequate to provide for expected lifetime losses in the portfolio. Although management strives to maintain an allowance it deems adequate, future economic changes, deterioration of borrowers’ creditworthiness, and the impact of examinations by regulatory agencies, among other factors, all could cause changes to the allowance for credit losses on loans.

At March 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on loans was $51.3 million, an increase of $853,000 from $50.5 million at December 31, 2023. Net charge-offs (recoveries) totaled ($3,000) during the first quarter of 2024 and ($2,000) during the first quarter of 2023. The allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans was 1.36% at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents a summary of net charge-offs for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023
Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)
Commercial	$	(3)		$	(3)
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		(1)			(1)
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		(1)			(1)
Consumer and Other		1			2
Total Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)	$	(3)		$	(2)
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans
Commercial		0.00	%		0.00	%
Real Estate Mortgage:
1-4 Family Mortgage		0.00			0.00
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		0.00			0.00
Consumer and Other		0.04			0.09
Total Net Charge-offs (Recoveries) (Annualized) to Average Loans		0.00	%		0.00	%
Gross Loans, End of Period	$	3,784,205		$	3,684,360
Average Loans		3,729,355			3,630,446
Allowance for Credit Losses to Total Gross Loans		1.36	%		1.36	%

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The following table presents a summary of the allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans by loan portfolio segment as of the dates indicated:


	March 31,				December 31,
	2024				2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Commercial	$	5,607	10.9	%	$	5,398	10.7	%
Construction and Land Development		1,828	3.6			2,156	4.3
1-4 Family Construction		577	1.1			558	1.1
Real Estate Mortgage:
1 - 4 Family Mortgage		2,754	5.4			2,651	5.3
Multifamily		22,230	43.3			22,217	44.0
CRE Owner Occupied		1,235	2.4			1,184	2.3
CRE Nonowner Occupied		17,005	33.1			16,225	32.1
Total Real Estate Mortgage Loans		43,224	84.2			42,277	83.7
Consumer and Other		111	0.2			105	0.2
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	51,347	100.0	%	$	50,494	100.0	%

Deposits

The principal sources of funds for the Company are deposits, consisting of demand deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts, and certificates of deposit. The following table presents the dollar and percentage composition of the deposit portfolio, by category, at the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023				June 30, 2023				March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Noninterest Bearing Transaction Deposits	$	698,432	18.3	%	$	756,964	20.4	%	$	754,297	20.5	%	$	751,217	21.0	%	$	742,198	21.8	%
Interest Bearing Transaction Deposits		783,736	20.6			692,801	18.7			780,863	21.3			719,488	20.1			630,037	18.4
Savings and Money Market Deposits		979,773	25.7			935,091	25.2			872,534	23.7			860,613	24.1			913,013	26.8
Time Deposits		352,510	9.3			300,651	8.1			265,737	7.2			271,783	7.6			266,213	7.8
Brokered Deposits		992,774	26.1			1,024,441	27.6			1,002,078	27.3			974,831	27.2			859,662	25.2
Total Deposits	$	3,807,225	100.0	%	$	3,709,948	100.0	%	$	3,675,509	100.0	%	$	3,577,932	100.0	%	$	3,411,123	100.0	%

Total deposits at March 31, 2024 were $3.81 billion, an increase of $97.3 million, or 2.6%, compared to total deposits of $3.71 billion at December 31, 2023, and an increase of $396.1 million, or 11.6%, over total deposits of $3.41 billion at March 31, 2023. Deposits increased in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to inflows of core deposits, defined as deposits excluding brokered deposits and time deposits greater than $250,000. Core deposits increased $90.3

million, or 14.3% annualized, from the fourth quarter of 2023. Growth in core deposits was primarily due to increased balances of existing clients and new client acquisitions. Based on the nature of these inflows, management believes core deposits could fluctuate in future periods as deposit growth is not always linear.

The Company relies on increasing the deposit base to fund loans and other asset growth. The Company is in a highly competitive market and competes for local deposits by offering attractive products with competitive rates. The Company expects to have a higher average cost of funds for local deposits compared to competitor banks due to the lack of an extensive branch network. The Company’s strategy is to offset the higher cost of funding with a lower level of operating expense. When appropriate, the Company utilizes alternative funding sources such as brokered deposits. The brokered deposit market provides flexibility in structure, optionality and efficiency not afforded in traditional retail deposit channels. At March 31, 2024, total brokered deposits were $992.8 million, a decrease of $31.7 million, compared to total brokered deposits of $1.02 billion at December 31, 2023. Brokered deposits, which declined for the first time since the fourth quarter of 2021, continue to be used as a supplemental funding source, as needed, to support loan portfolio growth.

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The following table presents the average balance and average rate paid on each of the following deposit categories as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	As of and for the				As of and for the
	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024				March 31, 2023
	Average		Average		Average		Average
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate
Noninterest Bearing Transaction Deposits	$	701,175	—	%	$	813,598	—	%
Interest Bearing Transaction Deposits		732,186	4.23			461,372	2.44
Savings and Money Market Deposits		896,844	3.94			1,044,794	2.52
Time Deposits < $250,000		169,622	3.40			179,168	1.61
Time Deposits > $250,000		147,973	4.71			69,006	2.10
Brokered Deposits		1,014,197	4.18			743,465	3.29
Total Deposits	$	3,661,997	3.32	%	$	3,311,403	2.01	%

The Company’s total uninsured deposits, which are the amounts of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit, currently $250,000, were approximately $989.1 million, or 26.0% of total deposits, at March 31, 2024 and $900.0 million, or 24.3% of total deposits, at December 31, 2023. These amounts were estimated based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting purposes.

Borrowed Funds

Other Borrowings

At March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding of FHLB advances of $317.0 million, compared to $319.5 million at December 31, 2023. The Company’s borrowing capacity at the FHLB is determined based on collateral pledged, generally consisting of loans. The Company had additional borrowing capacity under this credit facility of $446.8 million and $498.7 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company has an outstanding Loan and Security Agreement and revolving note with a third party correspondent lender, which is secured by 100% of the issued and outstanding stock of the Bank. The maximum principal amount of the revolving line of credit is $40.0 million and matures on September 1, 2024. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $13.8 million of outstanding balances under the revolving line of credit.

Additionally, the Company has borrowing capacity from other sources. As of March 31, 2024, the Bank was eligible to use the Federal Reserve discount window for borrowings. Based on assets pledged as collateral as of the applicable date, the Bank’s borrowing availability was approximately $1.01 billion and $979.4 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding advances from the discount window.

Subordinated Debentures

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs, of $79.4 million and $79.3 million, respectively.

For additional information, see “Note 8 – Subordinated Debentures” of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included as part of this report.

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Contractual Obligations

The following table presents supplemental information regarding total contractual obligations at March 31, 2024:


	Within		One to		Three to		After
(dollars in thousands)	One Year		Three Years		Five Years		Five Years		Total
Deposits Without a Stated Maturity	$	2,617,482	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,617,482
Time Deposits		389,466		585,335		170,236		44,706		1,189,743
Notes Payable		13,750		—		—		—		13,750
FHLB Advances		243,000		34,000		40,000		—		317,000
Subordinated Debentures		—		—		—		80,000		80,000
Commitment to Fund Tax Credit Investments		9,932		—		—		—		9,932
Operating Lease Obligations		590		807		474		21		1,892
Totals	$	3,274,220	$	620,142	$	210,710	$	124,727	$	4,229,799

The Company believes that it will be able to meet all contractual obligations as they come due through the maintenance of adequate cash levels. The Company expects to maintain adequate cash levels through earnings, loan and securities repayments and maturity activity and continued deposit gathering activities. As described above, the Company has in place various borrowing mechanisms for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Capital

Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2024 was $433.6 million, an increase of $8.1 million, or 1.9%, compared to total shareholders’ equity of $425.5 million at December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to net income retained and an increase in unrealized gains in the derivatives portfolio, offset partially by preferred stock dividends and stock repurchases.

Tangible book value per share, a non-GAAP financial measure, was $13.20 as of March 31, 2024, an increase of 2.9% from $12.84 as of December 31, 2023. Tangible common equity as a percentage of tangible assets, a non-GAAP financial measure, was 7.72% at March 31, 2024, compared to 7.73% at December 31, 2023.

Stock Repurchase Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 193,802 shares of its common stock, representing less than 1% of the Company’s outstanding shares. Shares were repurchased during this period at a weighted average price of $11.75 for a total of $2.3 million. All shares repurchased under the stock repurchase program were converted to authorized but unissued shares. The Company remains committed to maintaining strong capital levels while enhancing shareholder value as it strategically executes its stock repurchase program based on various factors including valuation, capital levels and other uses of capital.

Regulatory Capital. The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by federal banking regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and Bank’s business.

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Management believes the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject as of March 31, 2024. The regulatory capital ratios for the Company and the Bank to meet the minimum capital adequacy standards and for the Bank to be considered well capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework are set forth in the following tables. The Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios were as of the dates indicated:


					Minimum Required				For Capital Adequacy				To be Well Capitalized
					For Capital Adequacy				Purposes Plus Capital				Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Purposes				Conservation Buffer				Action Regulations
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
March 31, 2024
Company (Consolidated):
Total Risk-based Capital	$	577,485	14.00	%	$	329,909	8.00	%	$	433,006	10.50	%		N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		446,521	10.83			247,432	6.00			350,529	8.50			N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		380,007	9.21			185,574	4.50			288,671	7.00			N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		446,521	9.66			184,949	4.00			184,949	4.00			N/A	N/A
Bank:
Total Risk-based Capital	$	565,440	13.73	%	$	329,510	8.00	%	$	432,482	10.50	%	$	411,887	10.00	%
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		513,920	12.48			247,132	6.00			350,104	8.50			329,510	8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		513,920	12.48			185,349	4.50			288,321	7.00			267,727	6.50
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		513,920	11.12			184,797	4.00			184,797	4.00			230,996	5.00


					Minimum Required				For Capital Adequacy				To be Well Capitalized
					For Capital Adequacy				Purposes Plus Capital				Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Purposes				Conservation Buffer				Action Regulations
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
December 31, 2023
Company (Consolidated):
Total Risk-based Capital	$	570,770	13.97	%	$	326,872	8.00	%	$	429,019	10.50	%		N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		440,947	10.79			245,154	6.00			347,301	8.50			N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		374,433	9.16			183,865	4.50			286,013	7.00			N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		440,947	9.57			184,383	4.00			184,383	4.00			N/A	N/A
Bank:
Total Risk-based Capital	$	554,269	13.58	%	$	326,528	8.00	%	$	428,568	10.50	%	$	408,160	10.00	%
Tier 1 Risk-based Capital		503,787	12.34			244,896	6.00			346,936	8.50			326,528	8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		503,787	12.34			183,672	4.50			285,712	7.00			265,304	6.50
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio		503,787	10.95			184,037	4.00			184,037	4.00			230,047	5.00

Regulations include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% that was added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes. A banking organization with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, stock repurchases and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At March 31, 2024, the ratios for the Company and the Bank were sufficient to meet the conservation buffer.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various transactions to meet the financing needs of clients, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in the consolidated balance sheets. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Most of these commitments mature within two years and the standby letters of credit are expected to expire without being drawn upon. All off-balance sheet commitments are included in the determination of the amount of risk-based capital that the Company and the Bank are required to hold.

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The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit is represented by the contractual or notional amount of those instruments. The Company decreases its exposure to losses under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures. The Company assesses the credit risk associated with certain commitments to extend credit and establishes a liability for probable credit losses.

The following table presents credit arrangements and financial instruments whose contract amounts represented credit risk as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fixed		Variable		Fixed		Variable
(dollars in thousands)
Unfunded Commitments Under Lines of Credit	$	147,951	$	359,753	$	164,880	$	381,752
Letters of Credit		7,468		92,339		6,780		96,509
Totals	$	155,419	$	452,092	$	171,660	$	478,261

The Company had outstanding letters of credit with the FHLB in the amount of $164.9 million and $114.4 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on behalf of customers and to secure public deposits.

Liquidity

Liquidity is the Company’s capacity to meet cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the Company’s ability to efficiently meet both expected and unexpected cash flows and collateral needs without adversely affecting either daily operations or financial condition. The Bank’s Asset Liability Management, or ALM, Committee, which is comprised of members of senior management, is responsible for managing commitments to meet the needs of customers while achieving the Company’s financial objectives. The ALM Committee meets regularly to review balance sheet composition, funding capacities, and current and forecasted loan demand.

The Company manages liquidity by maintaining adequate levels of cash and other assets from on- and off-balance sheet arrangements. Specifically, on-balance sheet liquidity consists of cash and due from banks and unpledged investment securities available for sale, which are referred to as primary liquidity. In regards to off-balance sheet capacity, the Company maintains available borrowing capacity under secured borrowing lines with the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, and a correspondent lender, as well as unsecured lines of credit for the purpose of overnight funds with various correspondent banks, which the Company refers to as secondary liquidity.

In addition, the Bank is a member of the American Financial Exchange, or AFX, through which it may either borrow or lend funds on an overnight or short-term basis with a group of approved commercial banks. The availability of funds changes daily. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding through the AFX.

Total on- and off-balance sheet liquidity was $2.25 billion as of March 31, 2024, compared to $2.23 billion at December 31, 2023. The Company did not utilize the Federal Reserve Discount Window during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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The following tables present a summary of primary and secondary liquidity levels as of the dates indicated:


Primary Liquidity—On-Balance Sheet	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	105,784		$	96,594
Securities Available for Sale		633,282			604,104
Less: Pledged Securities		(169,479)			(170,727)
Total Primary Liquidity	$	569,587		$	529,971
Ratio of Primary Liquidity to Total Deposits		15.0	%		14.3	%

Secondary Liquidity—Off-Balance Sheet
Net Secured Borrowing Capacity with the FHLB	$	446,801		$	498,736
Net Secured Borrowing Capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank		1,006,010			979,448
Unsecured Borrowing Capacity with Correspondent Lenders		200,000			200,000
Secured Borrowing Capacity with Correspondent Lender		26,250			26,250
Total Secondary Liquidity		1,679,061			1,704,434
Total Primary and Secondary Liquidity	$	2,248,648		$	2,234,405
Ratio of Primary and Secondary Liquidity to Total Deposits		59.1	%		60.2	%

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, primary liquidity increased by $39.6 million due a $9.2 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, a $29.2 million increase in securities available for sale and a $1.2 million decrease in pledged securities, when compared to December 31, 2023. Secondary liquidity decreased by $25.4 million as of March 31, 2024, when compared to December 31, 2023, due to a $51.9 million decrease in the borrowing capacity with the FHLB, offset partially by a $26.6 million increase in the borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank.

In addition to primary liquidity, the Company generates liquidity from cash flows from the loan and securities portfolios and from the large base of core customer deposits, defined as noninterest bearing transaction, interest bearing transaction, savings, non-brokered money market accounts and non-brokered time deposits less than $250,000. At March 31, 2024, core deposits totaled approximately $2.64 billion and represented 69.3% of total deposits. These core deposits are normally less volatile, often with customer relationships tied to other products offered by the Company, which promote long-standing relationships and stable funding sources.

The Company uses brokered deposits, the availability of which is uncertain and subject to competitive market forces and regulation, for liquidity and interest rate risk management purposes. At March 31, 2024, brokered deposits totaled $992.8 million, consisting of $837.2 million of brokered time deposits and $155.5 million of non-maturity brokered money market and transaction accounts. At December 31, 2023, brokered deposits totaled $1.02 billion, consisting of $850.5 million of brokered time deposits and $174.0 million of non-maturity brokered money market and transaction accounts.

The Company’s liquidity policy includes guidelines for On-Balance Sheet Liquidity (a measurement of primary liquidity to total deposits plus borrowings), Total On-Balance Sheet Liquidity with Borrowing Capacity (a measurement of primary and secondary liquidity to total deposits plus borrowings), Wholesale Funding Ratio (a measurement of total wholesale funding to total deposits plus borrowings), and other guidelines developed for measuring and maintaining liquidity.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, the Company routinely supplements its evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to the related GAAP measures, provide meaningful information to investors to help them understand the Company’s operating performance and trends, and to facilitate comparisons with the performance of peers. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Reconciliations of non-GAAP disclosures used in this report to the comparable GAAP measures are provided in the following tables:


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023			2023			2023

Pre-Provision Net Revenue
Noninterest Income	$	1,550		$	1,409		$	1,726		$	1,415		$	1,943
Less: (Gain) Loss on Sales of Securities		(93)			27			—			(50)			56
Less: FHLB Advance Prepayment Income		—			—			(493)			—			(299)
Total Operating Noninterest Income		1,457			1,436			1,233			1,365			1,700
Plus: Net Interest Income		24,631			25,314			25,421			25,872			28,567
Net Operating Revenue	$	26,088		$	26,750		$	26,654		$	27,237		$	30,267

Noninterest Expense	$	15,189		$	15,740		$	15,237		$	14,274		$	14,069
Total Operating Noninterest Expense	$	15,189		$	15,740		$	15,237		$	14,274		$	14,069

Pre-Provision Net Revenue	$	10,899		$	11,010		$	11,417		$	12,963		$	16,198

Plus:
Non-Operating Revenue Adjustments		93			(27)			493			50			243
Less:
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses		750			(250)			(600)			50			625
Provision for Income Taxes		2,411			2,360			2,881			3,147			4,174
Net Income	$	7,831		$	8,873		$	9,629		$	9,816		$	11,642

Average Assets	$	4,592,838		$	4,567,446		$	4,504,937		$	4,483,662		$	4,405,234
Pre-Provision Net Revenue Return on Average Assets		0.95	%		0.96	%		1.01	%		1.16	%		1.49	%


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023			2023			2023

Core Net Interest Margin
Net Interest Income (Tax-equivalent Basis)	$	24,992		$	25,683		$	25,822		$	26,280		$	28,947
Less: Loan Fees		(608)			(751)			(914)			(941)			(998)
Core Net Interest Income	$	24,384		$	24,932		$	24,908		$	25,339		$	27,949

Average Interest Earning Assets	$	4,492,756		$	4,480,428		$	4,416,424		$	4,395,050		$	4,323,706
Core Net Interest Margin		2.18	%		2.21	%		2.24	%		2.31	%		2.62	%

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	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023			2023			2023

Efficiency Ratio
Noninterest Expense	$	15,189		$	15,740		$	15,237		$	14,274		$	14,069
Less: Amortization of Intangible Assets		(9)			(9)			(9)			(34)			(48)
Adjusted Noninterest Expense	$	15,180		$	15,731		$	15,228		$	14,240		$	14,021

Net Interest Income	$	24,631		$	25,314		$	25,421		$	25,872		$	28,567
Noninterest Income		1,550			1,409			1,726			1,415			1,943
Less: Gain (Loss) on Sales of Securities		(93)			27			—			(50)			56
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	26,088		$	26,750		$	27,147		$	27,237		$	30,566
Efficiency Ratio		58.2	%		58.8	%		56.1	%		52.3	%		45.9	%


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023			2023			2023

Tangible Common Equity and Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets
Total Shareholders' Equity	$	433,611		$	425,515		$	415,960		$	409,126		$	402,006
Less: Preferred Stock		(66,514)			(66,514)			(66,514)			(66,514)			(66,514)
Total Common Shareholders' Equity		367,097			359,001			349,446			342,612			335,492
Less: Intangible Assets		(2,806)			(2,814)			(2,823)			(2,832)			(2,866)
Tangible Common Equity	$	364,291		$	356,187		$	346,623		$	339,780		$	332,626

Total Assets	$	4,723,109		$	4,611,990		$	4,557,070		$	4,603,185		$	4,602,899
Less: Intangible Assets		(2,806)			(2,814)			(2,823)			(2,832)			(2,866)
Tangible Assets	$	4,720,303		$	4,609,176		$	4,554,247		$	4,600,353		$	4,600,033
Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets		7.72	%		7.73	%		7.61	%		7.39	%		7.23	%

Tangible Book Value Per Share
Book Value Per Common Share	$	13.30		$	12.94		$	12.47		$	12.25		$	12.05
Less: Effects of Intangible Assets		(0.10)			(0.10)			(0.10)			(0.10)			(0.10)
Tangible Book Value Per Common Share	$	13.20		$	12.84		$	12.37		$	12.15		$	11.95

Return on Average Tangible Common Equity
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders	$	6,818		$	7,859		$	8,616		$	8,802		$	10,629

Average Shareholders' Equity	$	428,248		$	417,789		$	414,047		$	406,347		$	403,533
Less: Average Preferred Stock		(66,514)			(66,514)			(66,514)			(66,514)			(66,514)
Average Common Equity		361,734			351,275			347,533			339,833			337,019
Less: Effects of Average Intangible Assets		(2,811)			(2,819)			(2,828)			(2,846)			(2,894)
Average Tangible Common Equity	$	358,923		$	348,456		$	344,705		$	336,987		$	334,125
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity		7.64	%		8.95	%		9.92	%		10.48	%		12.90	%

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

As a financial institution, the Company’s primary market risk is interest rate risk, which is defined as the risk of loss of net interest income or net interest margin because of changes in interest rates. The Company continually seeks to measure and manage the potential impact of interest rate risk. Interest rate risk occurs when interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities mature or re-price at different times, on a different basis or in unequal amounts. Interest rate risk also arises when assets and liabilities each respond differently to changes in interest rates.

The Company’s management of interest rate risk is overseen by its ALM Committee, based on a risk management infrastructure approved by the board of directors that outlines reporting and measurement requirements. In particular, this infrastructure sets limits and management targets for various metrics, including net interest income simulation involving parallel shifts in interest rate curves, steepening and flattening yield curves, and various prepayment and deposit duration assumptions. The Company’s risk management infrastructure also requires a periodic review of all key assumptions used, such as identifying appropriate interest rate scenarios, setting loan prepayment rates

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based on historical analysis and noninterest bearing and interest bearing transaction deposit durations based on historical analysis. The Company does not engage in speculative trading activities relating to interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, equities or credit.

The Company manages the interest rate risk associated with interest earning assets by managing the interest rates and terms associated with the investment securities portfolio by purchasing and selling investment securities from time to time. The Company manages the interest rate risk associated with interest bearing liabilities by managing the interest rates and terms associated with wholesale borrowings and deposits from customers which the Company relies on for funding. For example, the Company occasionally uses special offers on deposits to alter the interest rates and terms associated with interest bearing liabilities.

The Company has entered into certain hedging transactions including interest rate swaps and caps, which are designed to lessen elements of the Company’s interest rate exposure. Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. The Company utilizes cash flow hedges to manage interest rate exposure for the brokered deposit and wholesale borrowing portfolios. At both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, these cash flow hedges had a total notional amount of $308.0 million. In the event that interest rates do not change in the manner anticipated, such transactions may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.

Net Interest Income Simulation

The Company uses a net interest income simulation model to measure and evaluate potential changes in net interest income that would result over the next 12 months from immediate and sustained changes in interest rates as of the measurement date. This model has inherent limitations and the results are based on a given set of rate changes and assumptions as of a certain point in time. For purposes of the simulation, the Company assumes no growth in either interest-sensitive assets or liabilities over the next 12 months; therefore, the model’s results reflect an interest rate shock to a static balance sheet. The simulation model also incorporates various other assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable but which may have a significant impact on results, such as: (1) the timing of changes in interest rates, (2) shifts or rotations in the yield curve, (3) re-pricing characteristics for market-rate-sensitive instruments, (4) differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices, (5) varying loan prepayment speeds for different interest rate scenarios, (6) the effect of interest rate limitations in assets, such as floors and caps, and (7) overall growth and repayment rates and product mix of assets and liabilities. Because of the limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulation results are not intended as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on the results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate asset-liability management strategies and to manage interest rate risk.

Potential changes to the Company’s net interest income in hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios calculated as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are presented in the table below. The projections assume an immediate, parallel shift downward of the yield curve of 100, 200, and 300 basis points and immediate, parallel shifts upward of the yield curve of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points. In the current interest rate environment, a downward shift of the yield curve of 400 basis points does not provide us with meaningful results and thus is not presented.


(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Change (basis points)	Forecasted		Percentage		Forecasted		Percentage
in Interest Rates	Net Interest		Change		Net Interest		Change
(12-Month Projection)	Income		from Base		Income		from Base
+400	$	118,158	(1.74)	%	$	118,597	(2.39)	%
+300		118,278	(1.64)			118,983	(2.08)
+200		118,417	(1.52)			119,395	(1.74)
+100		118,866	(1.15)			119,916	(1.31)
0		120,244	—			121,504	—
−100		122,798	2.12			125,138	2.99
−200		125,228	4.14			128,643	5.87
−300		128,022	6.47			132,269	8.86

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The table above indicates that as of March 31, 2024, in the event of an immediate and sustained 400 basis point increase in interest rates, the Company would experience an 1.74% decrease in net interest income. In the event of an immediate 300 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Company would experience a 6.47% increase in net interest income.

The results of this simulation analysis are hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from those projected, net interest income might vary significantly. Non-parallel yield curve shifts such as a flattening or steepening of the yield curve or changes in interest rate spreads would also cause net interest income to be different from that depicted. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short-term liabilities re-price faster than expected or re-price faster than the Company’s assets. Actual results could differ from those projected if the Company grows assets and liabilities faster or slower than estimated, if the Company experienced a net outflow of deposit liabilities, or if the mix of assets and liabilities otherwise changes. Actual results could also differ from those projected if the Company experienced substantially different repayment speeds in the loan portfolio than those assumed in the simulation model. Finally, these simulation results do not contemplate all the actions that the Company may undertake in response to potential or actual changes in interest rates, such as changes to the Company’s loan, investment, deposit, or funding strategies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2024, the end of the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Bank’s business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

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Item 1.A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents stock purchases made during the first quarter of 2024:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs ⁽²⁾	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1 - 31, 2024	225	$	12.62	—	$	20,458,801
February 1 - 29, 2024	63,286		11.75	57,893		19,779,536
March 1 - 31, 2024	136,444		11.76	135,909		18,181,490
Total	199,955	$	11.76	193,802	$	18,181,490

(1)

The total number of shares repurchased during the periods indicated includes shares repurchased as part of the Company’s stock repurchase program and shares withheld for income tax purposes in connection with vesting of restricted stock. The shares were purchased or otherwise valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of purchase and/or withholding.

(2)

On August 17, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved a stock repurchase program which authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of its common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions. The stock repurchase program will expire on August 16, 2024. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock, and other than repurchases that have been completed to date, there is no assurance that the Company will do so. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares of common stock from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The extent to which the Company repurchases its shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will depend upon a variety of factors, including general market and economic conditions, regulatory requirements, availability of funds, and other relevant considerations, as determined by the Company. The Company may, in its discretion, begin, suspend or terminate repurchases at any time prior to the Program’s expiration, without any prior notice.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

None.

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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number		Description
3.1		Third Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2023)
3.2		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2023)
3.3		Statement of Designation of 5.875% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 on Form 8-K filed on August 17, 2021)
10.1		Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2022, by and between Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. and ServisFirst Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 on Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2022)
10.2		Amended and Restated Revolving Note, dated as of September 1, 2022, made by Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc. to and in favor of ServisFirst Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 on Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2022)
31.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.1		Financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, formatted in inline XBRL interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
104		The cover page for Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc’s Form 10-Q Report for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 formatted in inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc.

Date: May 2, 2024	By:	/s/ Jerry J. Baack
	Name:	Jerry J. Baack
	Title:	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 2, 2024	By:	/s/ Joe M. Chybowski
	Name:	Joe M. Chybowski
	Title:	President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)