LHA RISK-MANAGED INCOME ETFSummary Prospectus
Trading Symbol: RMIF
April 30, 2024
Listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.www.lhafunds.com
Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information (“SAI”), which contain more information about the Fund and its risks. The current Prospectus and SAI, each dated April 30, 2024, are incorporated by reference into this Summary Prospectus. You can find the Fund’s prospectus, reports to shareholders, and other information about the Fund online at www.lhafunds.com/RMIF. You can also get this information at no cost by calling 1-800-617-0004 or by sending an e-mail request to ETF@usbank.com.
Investment Objective
The LHA Risk-Managed Income ETF (the “Risk-Managed Income ETF” or the “Fund”) seeks current income and capital preservation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fees1.10%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees0.00%
Other Expenses0.00%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses1
0.28%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1.38%
1 Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the expense ratios in the Fund’s Financial Highlights because the Financial Highlights include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund and exclude AFFE.
Expense Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then continue to hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year3 Years5 Years10 Years
$140$437$755$1,657
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal period June 8, 2023 (commencement of operations) through December 31, 2023, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 44% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund is an actively-managed “fund of funds” and seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in other investment companies, including other actively managed exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and index-based ETFs (collectively, “Underlying Investments”), that provide exposure to a broad range of fixed income asset classes. The Underlying Investments may invest in investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, floating rate debt securities, treasury inflation-protected bonds (“TIPS”), foreign corporate debt securities (including those of emerging markets), high yield (junk) bonds,
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mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and preferred stocks. The Fund may also invest in cash, cash equivalents, or money market funds.
Grimes & Company, Inc. (“Grimes” or the “Sub-Adviser”) identifies income-producing Underlying Investments and then uses (a) a proprietary analysis that quantifies and evaluates each Underlying Investment’s short-term (approximately one quarter) and long term (approximately one to two years) price change and volatility trends (the “Price and Volatility Trend Factors”), and (b) with consideration to the Price and Volatility Trend Factors, a discretionary approach to selection of Underlying Investments (the “Yield Review”). The Sub-Adviser ranks Underlying Investments with positive Price and Volatility Trend Factors by their current yield and generally selects, for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio, the Underlying investments with the highest yield in the Yield Review.
In seeking to manage risk, during an environment of unfavorable Price and Volatility Trend Factors, the Fund seeks capital preservation by investing in Underlying Investments with higher quality and lower income-producing assets (e.g., investment-grade bonds, TIPS, floating rate bonds, or money market instruments), and cash or cash equivalents. Such unfavorable Price and Volatility Trend Factors generally occur in periods of market downturn (e.g., recession, persistent inflation, war).
In an environment of favorable Price and Volatility Trend Factors, the Fund seeks to maximize income by investing in Underlying Investments with high income-producing assets (e.g., junk bonds, preferred equities, or emerging market bonds). Such favorable Price and Volatility Trend Factors generally occur in periods of a rising market (e.g., low interest rates, economic stimulus).
The Fund’s average weighted portfolio duration and credit quality (through its Underlying Investments) vary over time, generally between 0-10 years, and rated between AAA and B, respectively. However, there is no limit on the weighted average duration or the average credit rating of the Fund’s portfolio. Duration is a measure of a fixed income security’s price sensitivity to changes in interest rates (e.g., higher duration indicates greater sensitivity to interest rate changes). Credit ratings are issued by independent third parties (e.g., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.).
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in any fixed income class, or in cash or cash equivalents, depending upon current fixed income market conditions, as well as the Price and Volatility Trend Factors observed by the Sub-Adviser.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its objectives. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund.”
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund.
Capital Controls and Sanctions Risk. Economic conditions, such as volatile currency exchange rates and interest rates, political events, military action and other conditions may, without prior warning, lead to foreign government intervention (including intervention by the U.S. government with respect to foreign governments, economic sectors, foreign companies and related securities and interests) and the imposition of capital controls and/or sanctions, which may also include retaliatory actions of one government against another government, such as seizure of assets. Capital controls and/or sanctions include the prohibition of, or restrictions on, the ability to transfer currency, securities or other assets. Capital controls and/or sanctions may also impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities or currency, negatively impact the value and/or liquidity of such instruments, adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares, and cause the Fund to decline in value.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk. Holding cash or cash equivalents rather than securities or other instruments in which the Fund primarily invests, even strategically, may cause the Fund to risk losing opportunities to participate in market appreciation, and may cause the Fund to experience potentially lower returns than the Fund’s benchmark or other funds that remain fully invested. In rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents will negatively affect the Fund’s performance relative to its benchmark.
Currency Exchange Rate Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that invest primarily in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies may affect the value of such investments and the value of your Shares. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning and you may lose money.
Data Risk. The Fund’s investments are heavily dependent on proprietary statistical analyses that include the use of information and data supplied by third parties (“Data”). When Data proves to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made
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in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of investments that would have been excluded or included had the Data been correct and complete.
Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund’s Underlying Investments that provide exposure to securities traded in developing or emerging markets, and individual securities with such exposure, may involve substantial risk with respect to such securities due to limited information; different accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards; a country’s dependence on revenue from particular commodities or international aid; and expropriation, nationalization, or other adverse political or economic developments. Political and economic structures in many emerging market countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristics of more developed countries. Some of these countries may have failed to recognize private property rights in the past and, at times, have nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies.
ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. The Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums and discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.
Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. The Fund invests in Underlying Investments that invest primarily in fixed income securities. Fixed income securities, such as bonds and certain asset-backed securities, involve certain risks, which include:
Call Risk. During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by the Underlying Investment may “call” or repay the security prior to its stated maturity, and the Underlying Investment may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Underlying Investment’s income.
Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of an investment in that issuer.
Duration Risk. Prices of fixed income securities with longer durations are more sensitive to interest rate changes than those with shorter durations.
Event Risk. Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.
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Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall.
Interest Rate Risk. Generally, the value of fixed income securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the market value of fixed income securities tends to decrease. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the market value of fixed income securities tends to increase. This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities.
Maturity Risk. The value of fixed income investments is also dependent on their maturity. Generally, the longer the maturity of a fixed income security, the greater its sensitivity to changes in interest rates.
Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the proceeds may have to be invested in securities with lower yields.
Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk. Floating or variable rate securities pay interest at rates that adjust in response to changes in a specified interest rate or reset at predetermined dates (such as the end of a calendar quarter). Securities with floating or variable interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as comparable market interest rates. Although floating or variable rate securities are generally less sensitive to interest rate risk than fixed rate securities, they are subject to credit, liquidity and default risk and may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, which could impair their value.
Foreign Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that invest primarily in foreign securities. Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in foreign securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. Investments in foreign securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. These and other factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments. These risks may be enhanced for securities of companies organized in emerging market nations. Foreign debt obligations are generally determined based on the ultimate parent country of risk which consists of the following four factors: management location, country of primary listing, country of revenue and reporting currency of the issuer. Debt obligations issued by a foreign entity that are subject to a guarantee of a U.S. corporate parent or other U.S. entity are generally not regarded as foreign securities.
Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.
Government Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that primarily invest in securities issued by the U.S. or other governments. There can be no guarantee that the United States or another country will be able to meet its payment obligations with respect to such securities. Additionally, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government or other countries may decline or be negative for short or long periods of time.
Government Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that invest in U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Fund. Some U.S. government-sponsored entities (“GSE”) securities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such as those issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, FHLBanks, and Farmer Mac. These entities are, however, supported through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits. The Fund may also invest in Underlying Investments that invest in GSE securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, such as those issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae).
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may frequently buy and sell portfolio securities and other assets to rebalance the Fund’s exposure to specific securities. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect.
High Yield and Unrated Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that primarily invest in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as “junk bonds”). Although high yield securities generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, high yield securities are speculative, high risk investments that may cause income and principal losses for the Fund or its Underlying Investments and, consequently, negatively affect the value of the Fund. High yield securities may be issued by companies that are restructuring, are smaller
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and less creditworthy, or are more highly indebted than other companies. This means that they may have more difficulty making scheduled payments of principal and interest. Changes in the value of high yield securities are influenced more by changes in the financial and business position of the issuing company than by changes in interest rates when compared to investment grade securities. Successful investment in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar quality involves greater investment risk and is highly dependent on the applicable investment adviser’s credit analysis. The Fund’s exposure to high yield securities may subject it to a substantial degree of credit risk.
Investment Company Risk. The risks of investing in other investment companies typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment companies invest. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company and bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the other investment company. The Fund may be subject to statutory limits with respect to the amount it can invest in other ETFs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Investments in ETFs are subject to the “ETF Risks” described above.
Limited Operating History Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.
Market Risk. The trading prices of Underlying Investments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. Local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues (such as the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus), recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. Such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Such events could adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other instruments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time.
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that principally invest in mortgage- and asset-backed securities. Such securities are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment, and extension risks (see “Fixed Income Securities Risk” above). These securities also are subject to risk of default on the underlying mortgage or asset, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Small movements in interest rates may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain mortgage-backed securities.
Preferred Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that invest in preferred stocks. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks of equity securities generally and also risks associated with fixed-income securities, such as interest rate risk. A company’s preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to creditors. As a result, the value of a company’s preferred stock will react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred stock may be less liquid than many other types of securities, such as common stock, and generally has limited or no voting rights. In addition, preferred stock is subject to the risks that a company may defer or not pay dividends, and, in certain situations, may call or redeem its preferred stock or convert it to common stock.
TIPS Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that invest in TIPS. Interest payments on TIPS are unpredictable and will fluctuate as the principal and corresponding interest payments are adjusted for inflation. There can be no assurance that the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In addition, TIPS are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
Performance
Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund did not have a full calendar year of performance prior to the date of this Prospectus. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.lhafunds.com.
Management
Investment Adviser: Little Harbor Advisors, LLC
Investment Sub-Adviser: Grimes & Company, Inc.
Portfolio Managers: Kevin T. Grimes, CFA, CFP and Joseph Benoit, CFA, each a portfolio manager for the Sub-Adviser, have been the Fund’s portfolio managers since the inception of the Fund in June 2023.
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Purchase and Sale of Shares
Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Investors may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (ask) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). Recent information about the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads is available on the Fund’s website at www.lhafunds.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an IRA or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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