Securities Act File No. 333-122917
ICA No. 811- 21720
As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | o | ||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1459 | x |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 1461 | x |
(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450
Cincinnati, OH 45246
Attention: Kevin Wolf
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(631)490-4300
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
The Corporation Trust Company
Corporate Trust Center
251 Little Falls Drive
Wilmington, DE 19808
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
With a copy to:
JoAnn M. Strasser, Esq. Thompson Hine LLP 41 South High Street, Suite 1700 Columbus, Ohio 43215 614-469-3265 (phone) 513-241-4771 (fax) |
Timothy Burdick Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100 Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474 (631) 470-2649 |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As Soon As Practical, After Effectiveness of Registration Statement
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
o | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b). |
x | on
( |
o | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1). |
o | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1). |
o | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2). |
o | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
o | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
Title of Securities Being Registered: Shares of Beneficial Interest
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Class A ( ) | Class C ( ) | Class I ( )
A SERIES OF NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST
Prospectus
Advised by:
Altegris Advisors, LLC
1200 Prospect, Suite 400
La Jolla, CA 92037
This Prospectus provides important information about the Fund that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.
These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FUND SUMMARY | 1 |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | 1 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS | 9 |
Investment Objectives | 9 |
Principal Investment Strategies | 9 |
Temporary Investments | 11 |
Description of Principal Investment Risks | 11 |
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure | 18 |
Cybersecurity | 18 |
MANAGEMENT | 19 |
Investment Adviser | 19 |
Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers | 20 |
Sub-Adviser and Sub-Adviser Co-Portfolio Managers | 20 |
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED | 21 |
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES | 23 |
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES | 29 |
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES | 31 |
TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | 32 |
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES | 33 |
Distributor | 33 |
Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees | 33 |
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries | 33 |
Householding | 33 |
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | 34 |
PRIVACY NOTICE | 37 |
APPENDIX A – FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY SALES CHARGE VARIATIONS | A-1 |
The Fund seeks to provide total return through long term capital appreciation and current income by investing, both long and short, in equity securities of real estate and real estate related companies.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and in How to Purchase Shares on page _____ of this Prospectus, in Appendix A: Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations to this Prospectus and Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares on page ________ of the Statement of Additional Information.
Shareholder
Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A |
Class C |
Class I |
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) |
|||
Maximum
Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a % of original purchase price) |
|||
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and Other Distributions |
|||
Redemption
Fee (as a % of amount redeemed, if sold within 30 days) |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment ) |
|||
Management Fees | |||
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
Other Expenses | |||
Interest and Dividends on Securities Sold Short | |||
Remaining Other Expenses | |||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |||
Fee Waiver and Reimbursement (1) | ( |
( |
( |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and Reimbursement |
1. |
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This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
Class | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
A | $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
C | $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
I | $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Class | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
C | $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its
portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held
in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Funds
performance. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in both long and short positions in equity securities of real estate companies and real estate related companies (collectively real estate companies) (80% investment policy). For purposes of the 80% investment policy, the Fund defines real estate companies as those that derive a significant portion of their revenues from the ownership, construction, development, financing, leasing, management and/or sale of commercial, industrial or residential real estate, companies that have a significant portion of their assets invested these types of real estate related companies, including, for example, real estate investment trusts (REITs), or companies that may not participate directly in real estate, but which may present an attractive investment opportunity based on the inherent value of their real estate holdings or exposure, or provide sales, leasing or other strategic services to real estate companies. Equity securities of real estate companies will include (1) common stocks, (2) preferred stocks, (3) stock warrants, (4) stock rights and (5) debt securities that are convertible into stock.
The Fund may invest in equity and equity derivative securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. real estate companies, as well as companies located in emerging markets and issuers of any capitalization and in any style (from growth to value). The Fund considers emerging market issuers to be those located in the countries that are represented in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The Fund may invest in convertible debt securities of any maturity or credit quality, including those rated below investment grade (high yield securities or junk bonds). Below investment grade debt securities are those rated below Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service or equivalently by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in private placement offerings of real estate companies which may be illiquid. The Fund may also invest in preferred stock, options (both covered and uncovered or naked), convertible securities, or rights or warrants to buy stocks, and may create long or short positions in exchange traded funds (ETFs), other investment companies, or American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). The Funds investments in ETFs may be made (i) as part of the management of portfolio investments, (ii) to hedge various investments for risk management (see below) and/or (iii) for income enhancement, which is also known as speculation. The Fund concentrates investments in the real estate industry, meaning that under normal circumstances, it invests over 25% of its assets in real estate industry securities.
In addition, the Fund may engage in transactions for the purpose of hedging against changes in the price of other Fund portfolio securities, such as purchasing put options, selling securities short or writing covered call options. Such defensive or hedged positions may also include investments in equity securities of real estate as well as non-real estate companies. Additionally, the Fund may employ leverage by borrowing from banks in an amount of up to 33% of the Funds assets (defined as net assets plus borrowing for investment purposes). The Fund is non-diversified for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), which means that the Fund may invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers and therefore have its investments focused in fewer securities at any one time than a diversified fund. The Fund may engage in frequent trading of the Funds portfolio securities.
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Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. (the Adviser) is the investment adviser to the Fund and provides investment advisory and management services, including the selection and monitoring of the sub-adviser to the Fund. The Adviser has selected American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC (AACA) to sub-advise the Fund and manage the Funds real estate long short investment portfolio. In managing the Funds portfolio, AACA, as the sub-adviser, will seek to produce above average, risk-adjusted total returns, including capital appreciation, dividend and interest income and option premiums, through investments both long and short in real estate related securities, including publicly traded securities, REITs, other equities and equity-related derivatives and may also invest in debt and convertible debt and preferred securities. To the extent allowable under applicable regulations, the Fund will use leverage to obtain greater exposure to markets in its investment portfolio. The Fund will not purchase real estate directly or acquire other forms of direct ownership in real estate.
The Adviser, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Fund and other funds it advises or may advise in the future that are each a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, was granted an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that permits the Adviser, with Board of Trustees approval, to enter into or amend sub-advisory agreements with sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified within 90 days of the engagement of any different or additional sub-adviser or sub-advisers to manage the Funds portfolio.
As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose money through your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. Many factors affect the Funds net asset value and performance.
● | Real Estate Sector Concentration Risk: Under normal circumstances, the Fund will concentrate its investments in securities of real estate or real estate related companies. As such, its portfolio will likely be significantly impacted by the performance of the real estate market and may experience more volatility and be exposed to greater risk than a more diversified portfolio. The value of real estate companies may be affected by various factors, including, but not limited to the following: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. As a result of the Funds concentration in securities of real estate companies, investing in the Fund may entail greater risk and experience more volatility than other funds that diversify across multiple sectors. |
● | REIT Risk: Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those associated with the real estate sector generally. REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or region are also subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. By investing in REITs through the Fund, a shareholder will bear expenses of the REITs in addition to Fund expenses. |
● | Active and Frequent Trading Risk: Executing the strategies of the Fund may from time to time require frequent trading by the Fund, resulting in substantial brokerage commissions and other transaction fees and expenses. These expenses must be offset by investment gains in order for the Fund to be profitable. Furthermore, because a sub-adviser may utilize soft dollars to pay research and brokerage expenses to the extent that the sub-adviser believes it is consistent with the safe harbor provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the sub-adviser has an incentive to trade the Funds assets in higher volumes than the sub-adviser otherwise would. Active and frequent trading may lead to a greater proportion of the Funds gains being treated for federal income tax purposes as short-term capital gains (which are generally taxable as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders) or may cause the Fund to distribute taxable income to its shareholders sooner than it would have distributed income if the investments were held for longer periods of time. |
● | Alternative Strategies Risk: Alternative investment strategies pursued by the Fund may be subject to risks including, but not limited to, derivatives risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, commodities risk and risks associated with the use of leverage. |
● | Convertible Security Risk: The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. |
● | Credit Risk: There is a risk that convertible debt issuers will not make payments on securities held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In addition, the credit quality of convertible debt securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuers financial condition changes. |
● | Depositary Receipts Risk: Depositary receipts are subject to the risk of fluctuation in the currency exchange rate if, as is often the case, the underlying foreign securities are denominated in foreign currency, and there may be an imperfect correlation between the market value of depositary receipts and the underlying foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts involve many of the same risks of investing directly in the underlying foreign securities. |
● | Derivatives Risk: The use of derivatives such as options involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities including leverage risk and tracking risk. Long options positions may expire worthless. |
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● | Developing and Emerging Markets Risk: In addition to the risks generally associated with investing in foreign securities described below, countries with emerging markets may also have relatively unstable governments, fewer shareholder protections, and more limited economies and securities markets. Securities of issuers in emerging markets securities also tend to be less liquid. |
● | Equity Markets Risk: Common and preferred stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. Warrants and rights may expire worthless if the price of a common stock is below the conversion price of the warrant or right. Convertible bonds may decline in value if the price of a common stock falls below the conversion price. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises. |
● | Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF) Risk: An ETF may represent a portfolio of securities, or may use derivatives in pursuit of its stated objective. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities held by the ETF, although a lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile. ETFs have management fees and other expenses which the Fund will indirectly bear. |
● | Foreign Currency Risk: Currency trading risks include market risk, credit risk and country risk. Market risk results from adverse changes in exchange rates in the currencies the Fund is long or short. Credit risk results because a currency-trade counterparty may default. Country risk arises because a government may interfere with transactions in its currency. |
● | Foreign Investment and Foreign Exchange Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Investing in emerging markets imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. |
● | Hedging Risks: Although derivative instruments may be used to offset or hedge against losses on an opposite position, such hedges can also potentially offset any gains on the opposite position. The Fund may also be exposed to the risk it may be required to segregate assets or enter into offsetting positions in connection with investments in derivatives, but such segregation will not limit the Funds exposure to loss. The Fund may also incur risk with respect to the segregated assets to the extent that, but for the applicable segregation requirement in connection with its investments in derivatives, the Fund would sell the segregated assets. The Funds hedging strategy may not perform as intended, resulting in loss for the Fund. |
● | High-Growth Company-Related Risks: The Fund may invest in high-growth companies, which may allocate, or may have allocated, greater than usual amounts to research and product development. The securities of these companies may experience above-average price movements associated with the perceived prospects of success of their research and development programs. |
● | High Yield or Junk Bond Risk: Lower-quality convertible debt securities, known as high yield or junk bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Funds ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Funds share price. |
● | Impairment of Collateral Risk: The value of non-cash collateral securing an investment may fluctuate and diverge from the value of the investment. If the value of collateral declines, it may become insufficient to meet an investment counterpartys obligations to the Fund and/or make it more difficult for the Fund to liquidate collateral. In addition, the Funds access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. |
● | Issuer Concentration Risk: The Fund may hold securities of a single issuer representing up to 5% of that issuers total outstanding securities. As such, the Fund has a greater potential to realize losses upon the occurrence of adverse events affecting that issuer or in the event that Fund has to quickly sell its position in that issuer. |
● | Issuer-Specific Risk: The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. |
● | Large Capitalization Stock Risk: Large capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets. |
● | Leverage Risk: The use of leverage by the Fund, such as borrowing money to purchase securities or the use of options, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Funds gains or losses. |
● | Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. |
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● | Management Risk: The Advisers judgments about the investment expertise of the sub-adviser may prove to be inaccurate and may not produce the desired results. The sub-advisers judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation or depreciation of a particular security in which the Fund invests or sells short may prove to be inaccurate and may not produce the desired results exposing the Fund to material losses. |
● | Market and Geopolitical Risk: The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Funds portfolio may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, climate change and climate-related events, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, international conflicts, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. The COVID-19 global pandemic had negative impacts, and in many cases severe negative impacts, on markets worldwide. It is not known how long any future impacts of the significant events described above, will or would last, but there could be a prolonged period of global economic slowdown, which may impact your Fund investment. Therefore, the Fund could lose money over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns. During a general market downturn, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Changes in market conditions and interest rates can have the same impact on all types of securities and instruments. In times of severe market disruptions you could lose your entire investment. |
● | Non-Diversification Risk: As a non-diversified fund, the Fund may invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers. The Funds performance may be more sensitive to any single economic, business, political or regulatory occurrence than the value of shares of a diversified investment company. |
● | Options Risk: Because option premiums paid or received by the Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a written option (also known as a short position) if the price of the written option increases in value between the date when the Fund writes the option and the date on which the Fund purchases an offsetting position. The Funds losses are potentially significant in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in a written call transaction. |
● | Other Investment Companies Risk: Other Investment Companies are subject to their own expenses which will be indirectly paid by the Fund, thereby increasing the cost of investing in the Fund. |
● | Preferred Stock Risk: Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of preferred stock. Preferred stocks are also subject to credit and default risk, which is the possibility that an issuer of preferred stock will fail to make its dividend payments. |
● | Reliance on Corporate Management and Financial Reporting Risk: The sub-adviser necessarily relies on the financial information made available by the issuers of the equities in which it invests. The sub-adviser has no ability to independently verify the financial information disseminated by the issuers in which it invests. |
● | Restricted Securities Risk: Rule 144A securities, which are restricted securities, may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. A Rule 144A restricted security carries the risk that the Fund may not be able to sell a security when the portfolio manager considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price. |
● | Short Selling and Short Position Risk: The Fund will engage in short selling and short position derivative activities, which are significantly different from the investment activities commonly associated with conservative stock funds. Positions in shorted securities and derivatives are speculative and more risky than long positions (purchases) because the cost of the replacement security or derivative is unknown. Therefore, the potential loss on an uncovered short is unlimited, whereas the potential loss on long positions is limited to the original purchase price. You should be aware that any strategy that includes selling securities short could suffer significant losses. The Funds ability to cover its short positions may be impacted by negative market events, exposing the Fund to significant losses. Shorting will also result in higher transaction costs (such as interest and dividends), which reduce the Funds return, and may result in higher taxes. In compliance with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, a Fund shareholders potential loss can only equal the value of Fund shares held at that time. |
● | Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk: Small and mid-sized companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Equities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general. |
● | Trade Execution Risk: The ability to enter into or exit from derivative trades may be materially impacted by fast moving and volatile markets. There is no guarantee that such trades can be executed. |
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The prior performance shown below includes performance of the Funds predecessor limited partnership, American Assets Real Estate Securities Fund, L.P. (Predecessor Fund) which was managed by American Assets Investment Management, LLC, (AAIM) an affiliate and predecessor firm of the Funds sub-adviser. Effective September 2, 2014, as a result of an internal corporate restructuring of AAIM, AAIMs real estate related advisory accounts were transferred to AACA, an entity registered with the SEC, of which AAIM is a 50% owner. The Predecessor Fund was not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (1940 Act), and was reorganized as a series of the Trust effective January 9, 2014. The Predecessor Fund, since its inception on February 1, 2011, was managed by AAIM in the same style, and pursuant to substantially identical real estate long-short strategies, investment goals and guidelines, as are presently pursued on behalf of the Fund by AACA as its sub-adviser, as further described herein. The prior annual returns and performance track record that follows includes performance of the Predecessor Fund since its inception (while it was a limited partnership), and is net of applicable management fees (1.50% annually), performance fees and other actual expenses of the Predecessor Fund. The method used to calculate the Predecessor Funds performance differs from the SECs standardized method of calculating performance because the Predecessor Fund employed monthly, rather than daily, valuation and this may produce different results. From its inception on February 1, 2011 through January 9, 2014, the inception date of the Fund, the Predecessor Fund was not subject to certain investment restrictions, diversification requirements, limitations on leverage and other restrictions of the 1940 Act and of the Internal Revenue Code (Code), which if they had been applicable, might have adversely affected its performance. In addition, the Predecessor Fund was not subject to sales loads which are applicable to certain classes of Fund shares, and which also would have adversely affected performance.
Calendar Years Ended December 31
First Quarter 2019 | ||
Second Quarter 2022 | ( |
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The following table shows the average annual returns for the Funds Class I shares, which includes performance of the Predecessor Fund for periods prior to January 9, 2014 over various periods ended December 31, 2022. The Predecessor Fund was an unregistered limited partnership, did not qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes, did not have a distribution policy, and did not pay annual dividends and distributions. The index information is intended to permit you to compare the Funds performance to a broad measure of market performance.
For Periods ended December 31, 2023
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | One Year |
Five Years |
Ten Years* |
Inception ( ) Since |
Class I shares * | N/A | |||
Class I shares return after taxes on distributions | N/A | |||
Class I shares return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | N/A | |||
Class A shares | N/A | |||
Class C shares | N/A | N/A | ( | |
Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Total Return Index** | ||||
Standard & Poors 500 Total Return Index*** |
* |
** |
*** |
Unlike
mutual funds investors cannot invest in an index and the
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Investment Adviser
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C.
Sub-Adviser
American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC.
Co-Portfolio Managers
Burland B. East III, CFA has served as Portfolio Manager to the Fund since it commenced operations in 2014, and served as portfolio manager of the Predecessor Fund. Creede Murphy joined Mr. East as a Portfolio Manager to the Fund as of March 2021. Each portfolio manager is primarily and jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolio.
Co-Portfolio Managers | Title |
Burland B. East III, CFA | Portfolio Manager & Chief Executive Officer American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC |
Creede Murphy | Portfolio Manager & Chief Operating Officer American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC |
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading by written request, telephone www.altegris.com, or through your broker. Redemptions will be paid by automated clearing house funds (ACH), check or wire transfer. The Fund or its Adviser may waive any of the minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts.
Class | Minimum Investment | |
Initial | Subsequent | |
A | $2,500 | $250 |
C | $2,500 | $250 |
I | $100,000 | $250 |
N | $2,500 | $250 |
Tax Information
Dividend and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-deferred plan such as an IRA or 401(k) plan. However, these dividend and capital gain distributions may be taxable upon their eventual withdrawal from tax-deferred plans.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
The investment objective and principal strategies of the Fund are described in this section. The Funds investment objective(s) are non-fundamental policies and the Funds investment objective(s) may be changed without shareholder approval by the Board of Trustees (the Board, Trustees or Board of Trustees) upon 60 days written notice to shareholders. If the Funds investment objective is changed, the prospectus will be supplemented to reflect the new investment objective. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective(s). Please see the statement of additional information (SAI) for additional information about the securities and investment strategies described in this prospectus and about additional securities and investment strategies that may be used by the Fund.
The 80% investment policies of the Fund may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval upon 60 days written notice to the Funds shareholders.
Investment Objectives
Fund | Investment Objective(s) |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | The Fund seeks to provide total return through long term capital appreciation and current income by investing, both long and short, in equity securities of real estate and real estate related companies. |
Principal Investment Strategies
Advisers Investment Process
The Adviser will pursue the Funds investment objectives, in part, by utilizing its investment and risk management process consisting of two primary stages: (1) Sub-Adviser Sourcing, Diligence, and Selection; and (2) Ongoing Sub-Adviser, Investment Strategy, and Risk Management Monitoring.
1. Sub-Adviser Sourcing, Diligence, and Selection: The Adviser sources sub-advisers through its deep network of relationships with investment professionals, industry contacts, as well as through supportive resources such as proprietary or public databases and prime brokers. For prospective sub-adviser candidates, the Adviser performs what it believes is a rigorous due diligence process comprised of qualitative discussions with the sub-advisers and their respective portfolio managers as well as quantitative analysis of the investment strategies performed during the initial review process. The Adviser conducts further reviews that include (1) documentation collection and review, (2) investment due diligence (qualitative and quantitative) and (3) operational due diligence. After numerous contact points, all investment manager information for prospective sub-adviser candidates is documented within a formal report for review and subject to final approval by the Advisers Investment Committee.
2. Ongoing Sub-Adviser, Investment Strategy, and Risk Management Monitoring: Upon engagement as sub-adviser to the Fund. The Advisers research staff and portfolio managers closely monitor the investment results for the Fund and sub-adviser. From a risk management perspective, the Adviser will review underlying daily portfolio holdings and their associated statistical risk at both a total portfolio level and from an individual sub-adviser standpoint. On an ongoing basis, the Adviser performs quantitative analyses of performance against predefined parameters, looking for unexplained differences, including any material sub-adviser portfolio management changes in business or investment strategy (style drift), material changes in operations, service providers and key personnel as well as any other piece of information that may cause the Adviser to re-evaluate a particular sub-adviser. Additionally, the Adviser monitors each sub-advisers volatility relative to historical performance and benchmarks, trading frequency, changes in the management and changes in correlation measures relative to benchmarks. The Adviser, with approval of its Investment Committee, may, terminate a sub-adviser based on market conditions and an assessment of various quantitative, qualitative, and operational factors, or it may opportunistically reallocate all or a portion of Fund assets to or among other sub-advisers approved by the Investment Committee based on such factors.
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Sub-Adviser
The Adviser determines the various percentages of the Funds assets to be allocated among each of the sub-advisers and retains the ability to override the sub-advisers selection of securities if it believes an investment or allocation is not consistent with the Funds investment guidelines. In the case of the Fund, the Adviser has delegated management of the entire portfolio to one sub-adviser. The Adviser is also responsible for ongoing performance evaluation and monitoring of the sub-adviser of the Fund. The Adviser, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Fund and other funds it advises or may advise in the future that are each a series of the Trust, was granted an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Adviser, with Board of Trustees approval, to enter into, replace, or amend, sub-advisory agreements with sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified within 90 days of the engagement of an additional sub-adviser or sub-advisers to manage a portion of the Funds portfolios.
While a sub-adviser is subject to the oversight of the Adviser, the Adviser will not attempt to coordinate or manage its day-to-day investments. A sub-adviser has discretion to invest the portion of the Funds assets allocated to it by the Adviser as it deems appropriate, based on its particular philosophy, style, strategies and views.
Investment Strategies and Process
The Adviser has delegated to American Assets Capital Advisers (AACA), as the Funds sub-adviser, discretion to invest the Funds assets based on the sub-advisers particular real estate long short philosophies, styles, strategies and views, as described below, subject to the ultimate oversight of the Adviser.
In managing the Funds real estate long short investments portfolio, AACAs goal as the Funds sub-adviser is generation of above-average, risk-adjusted total returns by identifying opportunities of real estate securities trading at less than intrinsic values. In sourcing investment candidates, both long and short, the sub-adviser screens companies and their securities with reference to six key factors: (i) value and characteristics of underlying real estate ownership; (ii) reliability and performance of management teams; (iii) valuation of securities issued by the companies; (iv) financial analysis; (v) transparency of reporting; and (vi) liquidity.
Once potential investment candidates are identified, the sub-adviser pursues a process of fundamental analysis to determine appropriate valuations and selection criteria of securities applying the factors described above, including review of publicly available information including SEC filings, press releases, and conference call records. If determined appropriate, the sub-adviser will also (i) conduct interviews with management, (ii) conduct field research and on-site diligence, and (iii) contact Wall Street securities analysts and other industry experts for their views of the company and any institutional bias that may exist. The sub-adviser screens and re-screens securities on a constant basis looking for relative under and over valuation as compared primarily to underlying or intrinsic net asset value, and remains flexible to adjust as economic environments and specific conditions of a companys buying, selling, building or managing of real estate assets and locations may change.
Selection of portfolio investments will reflect an emphasis on the pursuit of total return, which is a combination of dividends and interest, capital appreciation and options premiums, with dividends and interest given relative priority over potential appreciation. As a result, one of the largest sector components of the portfolio is expected to be the REIT markets, as they must pay out 90% of their taxable income in the form of dividends in order to satisfy REIT qualification requirements. In addition, derivatives, primarily options, will be used to hedge open positions and create additional exposure or income.
It is anticipated that the Funds investment portfolio will include at various times approximately 25 to 50 different types of real estate company securities, held both long and short, in addition to index related investment vehicles comprised of multiple underlying securities, such as ETFs, although the Fund may at times be less than fully invested, depending on then-existing market conditions. The Fund generally expects to be long biased and net long, particularly in light of the sub-advisers long-term expectation that recovery in commercial real estate markets will continue to occur. Investments in real estate companies will be diversified across sectors and issuers within limitations under the 1940 Act applicable to non-diversified mutual funds.
At the portfolio and position level, AACA views risk management to be as critical as individual security selection, and intends to control risk by carefully selling securities that it believes are overpriced, since fully priced or over-priced securities are more likely to experience greater price declines in falling markets than undervalued securities. Exposure to sectors and securities, including on a look-through basis to the underlying tenants of the real estate companies whose securities the Fund owns, will be monitored. Specific fundamental characteristics of portfolio company securities holdings, including company business plans, are analyzed to establish baseline levels of company-specific or security-specific risk, with heightened attention to financial leverage, which could lead a company to report excellent results in good economic climates and very poor results in weak economic environments. Risk may also be managed through hedging both specific securities and the investment portfolio as a whole in a variety of manners, including shorting stocks, shorting ETFs, and purchasing negatively correlated ETFs, as well as implementing purchase and sale limit orders and out of the money sell orders on a selective basis.
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Temporary Investments
To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments. These short-term debt securities and money market instruments include: shares of money market mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, and U.S. Government securities. While the Fund is in defensive positions, the opportunity to achieve its investment objectives will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Fund invests in money market mutual funds for cash positions, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund pays its pro-rata portion of such money market funds advisory fees and operational fees. The Fund may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.
Description of Principal Investment Risks
The following risks may apply to the Funds investments.
Real Estate Sector Concentration Risk: Under normal circumstances, the Fund will concentrate its investments in securities of real estate or real estate related companies. As such, its portfolio will likely be significantly impacted by the performance of the real estate market and may experience more volatility and be exposed to greater risk than a more diversified portfolio. The value of real estate companies may be affected by various factors, including, but not limited to the following: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. As a result of the Funds concentration in securities of real estate companies, investing in the Fund may entail greater risk and experience more volatility than other funds that diversify across multiple sectors.
REIT Risk: Investing in REITs, involves certain unique risks in addition to those associated with the real estate sector generally. REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or region are also subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. By investing in REITs through the Fund, a shareholder will bear expenses of the REITs in addition to Fund expenses.
Active and Frequent Trading Risk: Executing the strategies of the Fund may from time to time require frequent trading by the Fund, resulting in substantial brokerage commissions and other transaction fees and expenses. These expenses must be offset by investment gains in order for the Fund to be profitable. Furthermore, because a sub-adviser may utilize soft dollars to pay research and brokerage expenses to the extent that the sub-adviser believes is consistent with the safe harbor provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the sub-adviser has an incentive to trade the Funds assets in higher volumes than the sub-adviser otherwise would. Active and frequent trading may lead to a greater proportion of the Funds gains being treated for federal income tax purposes as short-term capital gains (which are generally taxable as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders) or may cause the Fund to distribute taxable income to its shareholders sooner than it would have distributed income if the investments were held for longer periods of time.
Alternative Strategies Risk: Alternative investment strategies pursued by the Fund may be subject to risks including, but not limited to, derivatives risk, liquidity risk, credit risk and commodities risk. Certain alternative strategies involve the risk that a counterparty to a transaction will not perform as promised, which would result in losses to the Fund. Furthermore, alternative strategies may employ leverage, involve extensive short positions and/or focus on narrow segments of the market, which may magnify the overall risks and volatility associated with such investments.
Convertible Securities Risk: Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to debt security risk and conversion value-related equity risk. Convertible bonds are similar to other fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline as interest rates increase. Convertible bonds are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion to equity feature is small relative to the interest and principal value of the bond. Convertible issuers may not be able to make principal and interest payments on the bond as they become due. Convertible bonds may also be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible bond held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing companys common stock or cash at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to common stocks especially when their conversion value is greater than the interest and principal value of the bond. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuers failure to meet the markets expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates. When a convertible bonds value is more closely tied to its conversion to stock feature, it is sensitive to the underlying stocks price.
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Credit Risk: There is a risk that issuers will not make payments on securities held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In determining the credit quality of fixed income securities, the Fund relies in part upon rating agencies which assign ratings based on their analysis of the issuers financial condition, economic and debt characteristics, and specific revenue sources securing the bond. There is a risk that the national credit rating agencies may be wrong in their determination of an issuers financial condition, or the risks associated with a particular security. A change in either the issuers credit rating or the markets perception of the issuers business prospects will affect the value of its outstanding securities. Ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold and may be subject to review, revision, suspension or reduction, or may be withdrawn at any time. In addition, the credit quality of securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuers financial condition changes. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of the Fund. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult for the Fund to sell the security. Default, or the markets perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund, thereby reducing the value of your investment in Fund shares. In addition, default may cause the Fund to incur expenses in seeking recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. Credit risk also exists whenever the Fund enters into a foreign exchange or derivative contract, because the counterparty may not be able or may choose not to perform under the contract. When the Fund invests in foreign currency contracts, or other over-the-counter derivative instruments (including options), it is assuming a credit risk with regard to the party with which it trades and also bears the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from risks associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily mark-to-market and settlement, segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. Relying on a counterparty exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. If a counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease. In addition, to the extent the Fund deals with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the credit risks associated with those counterparties. The Fund is neither restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty nor from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.
Depositary Receipts Risk: Depositary receipts are subject to the risk of fluctuation in the currency exchange rate if, as is often the case, the underlying foreign securities are denominated in foreign currency, and there may be an imperfect correlation between the market value of depositary receipts and the underlying foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts involve many of the same risks of investing directly in the underlying foreign securities. ADRs (sponsored or unsponsored) are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities. Most ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and are traded on a U.S. stock exchange. However, they are subject to the risk of fluctuation in the currency exchange rate if, as is often the case, the underlying securities are denominated in foreign currency.
Derivatives Risk: The Fund may use derivatives (including swaps, options and futures) to enhance returns or hedge against market declines. The Funds use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include: (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events; changes in interest rates; inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Trading derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities including:
– | Leverage and Volatility Risk: Derivative contracts ordinarily have leverage inherent in their terms. The low margin deposits normally required in trading derivatives, including futures contracts, permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the Fund. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The use of leveraged derivatives can magnify the Funds potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Funds share price. Valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil since many investors and market makers may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them. |
– | Liquidity Risk: Although it is anticipated that the derivatives traded by the Fund will be actively traded, it is possible that particular investments might be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from executing positions at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring them to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy their obligations. Certain derivatives, such as futures, can become illiquid due to exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits. |
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– | Risk of Options and Futures: The primary risks associated with the use of options and futures contracts are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by a Fund and the price of the futures contract or option; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Advisers or sub-advisers inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and (e) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations. Because option premiums paid or received by the Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities. |
– | Hedging Risks: Although derivative instruments may be used to offset or hedge against losses on an opposite position, such hedges can also potentially offset any gains on the opposite position. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Funds hedging transactions will be effective. The Fund may also be exposed to the risk it may be required to segregate assets or enter into offsetting positions in connection with investments in derivatives, but such segregation will not limit the Funds exposure to loss. The Fund may also incur risk with respect to the segregated assets to the extent that, but for the applicable segregation requirement in connection with its investments in derivatives, the Fund would sell the segregated assets. |
– | Tax Risk: The federal income tax treatment of a derivative may not be as favorable as a direct investment in an underlying asset and may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Fund realizes from its investments. As a result, a larger portion of the Funds distributions may be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gains. In addition, certain derivatives are subject to mark-to-market or straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). If such provisions are applicable, there could be an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund. In addition, the tax treatment of certain derivatives, such as swaps, is unsettled and be subject to future legislature, regulation or administrative pronouncements issued by the Code. |
Developing and Emerging Markets Risk: The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in issuers from countries with newly organized or less developed securities markets. There are typically greater risks involved in investing in emerging markets securities. Generally, economic structures in these countries are less diverse and mature than those in developed countries and their political systems tend to be less stable. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries, therefore, security issuers, including governments, may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market countries also may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Investments in emerging markets countries may be affected by government policies that restrict foreign investment in certain issuers or industries. The potentially smaller size of their securities markets and lower trading volumes can make investments relatively illiquid and potentially more volatile than investments in developed countries, and such securities may be subject to abrupt and severe price declines. Due to this relative lack of liquidity, the Fund may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell a portfolio security at all. An inability to sell a portfolio position can adversely affect the Funds value or prevent the Fund from being able to meet cash obligations or take advantage of other investment opportunities.
Equity Securities Risk: The Fund will invest primarily in equity securities, including common stock which is susceptible to general stock market fluctuations, and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. The equity markets are speculative and highly issuer-specific. Mismanagement or misconduct by corporate offices can cause the complete loss of an equity investment, and the equity markets may be particularly susceptible to subjective investment factors and market sentiment. An equity security, or stock, represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the companys business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. While both represent proportional share ownership of a company, preferred stocks often pay dividends at a specific rate and have a preference over common stocks in dividend payments and liquidation of assets.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF) Risk: ETFs are a type of investment company bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF may represent a portfolio of securities, or may use derivatives in pursuit of its stated objective. The Fund may use ETFs to hedge its portfolio and there is a risk such investments may not perform as intended. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities held by the ETF, although a lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile. ETFs have management fees and other expenses which the Fund will indirectly bear. The market price of an ETF may be different from the net asset value of such ETF (i.e., an ETF may trade at a discount or premium to its net asset value) and the Funds performance may be adversely affected by such a differential. In some cases, an ETF may seek to replicate the performance of a particular index by identifying and holding only a subset of the securities in the index or by holding one or more derivative instruments related to the index. In such cases, an investment in the ETF is subject to the risk that the replication strategy used by the ETF will fail to accurately track the performance of the index. In addition, ETFs that use derivatives may be subject to counterparty risk, liquidity risk, and other risks commonly associated with investments in derivatives.
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Foreign Currency Risk: Currency trading involves significant risks, including market risk, interest rate risk, country risk, counterparty credit risk and short sale risk. Market risk results from the price movement of foreign currency values in response to shifting market supply and demand. Since exchange rate changes can readily move in one direction, a currency position carried overnight or over a number of days may involve greater risk than one carried a few minutes or hours. Interest rate risk arises whenever a country changes its stated interest rate target associated with its currency. Country risk arises because virtually every country has interfered with international transactions in its currency. Interference has taken the form of regulation of the local exchange market, restrictions on foreign investment by residents or limits on inflows of investment funds from abroad. Restrictions on the exchange market or on international transactions are intended to affect the level or movement of the exchange rate. This risk could include the country issuing a new currency, effectively making the old currency worthless.
Foreign Investment and Foreign Exchange Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Derivatives trades may take place on foreign markets or on a foreign exchange. Neither existing Commodity Futures Trading Commissions regulations nor regulations of any other U.S. governmental agency apply to transactions on foreign markets. Some of these foreign markets, in contrast to U.S. exchanges, are so-called principals markets in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual counterparty with whom the trader has entered into a commodity interest transaction and not of the exchange or clearing corporation. In these kinds of markets, there is a credit risk, including risk of bankruptcy or other failure or refusal to perform by the counterparty.
● | Special Risks of Developing and Emerging Markets: The economies of developing or emerging market countries may be more dependent on relatively few industries that may be highly vulnerable to local and global changes. The governments of developing and emerging market countries may also be more unstable than the governments of more developed countries and those countries are more likely to experience instability resulting from rapid changes or developments in social, political and economic conditions. These countries generally have less developed securities markets or exchanges, and less developed legal and accounting systems. Securities may be more difficult to sell at an acceptable price and may be more volatile than securities in countries with more mature markets. The value of developing or emerging market currencies may fluctuate more than the currencies of countries with more mature markets. Investments in developing or emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks of government restrictions, including confiscatory taxation, expropriation or nationalization of a companys assets, restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies and restrictions on withdrawing assets from the country. Investments in securities of issuers in developing or emerging market countries may be considered speculative. |
● | Currency Risks: The Funds investments that are denominated in a foreign currency are subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. |
Hedging Risks: Although derivative instruments may be used to offset or hedge against losses on an opposite position, such hedges can also potentially offset any gains on the opposite position. The Fund may also be exposed to the risk it may be required to segregate assets or enter into offsetting positions in connection with investments in derivatives, but such segregation will not limit the Funds exposure to loss. The Fund may also incur risk with respect to the segregated assets to the extent that, but for the applicable segregation requirement in connection with its investments in derivatives, the Fund would sell the segregated assets. The Funds hedging strategy may not perform as intended, resulting in loss for the Fund.
High-Growth Company-Related Risks: The Fund may invest in high-growth companies, which may allocate, or may have allocated, greater than usual amounts to research and product development. The securities of these companies may experience above-average price movements associated with the perceived prospects of success of their research and development programs. In addition, companies in which the Fund invests could be adversely affected by the lack of commercial acceptance of a new product or products or by technological change and obsolescence. Many of these companies may participate in undeveloped or limited markets, have limited products, rely on proprietary technology that may be difficult to protect from competitors, have no proven profit-making history, operate at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period, have limited access to capital and/or be in the developmental stages of their businesses.
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High Yield or Junk Bond Risk: Lower-quality convertible debt securities, known as high yield or junk bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default and are considered speculative. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Funds ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Funds share price. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bonds issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and the Funds share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Funds ability to sell its bonds (liquidity risk). Such securities may also include Rule 144A securities, which are subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Funds share price.
Impairment of Collateral Risk: The value of collateral that may secure various forms of loans, swaps or other derivatives contracts may result in such transactions being viewed as safer as compared to those that may be unsecured. However, if the collateral posted is non-cash collateral, then what is known as collateral risk may be present. The value of non-cash collateral securing an investment may fluctuate and diverge from the value of the investment. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including credit quality, liquidity, price volatility, and exchange rate fluctuations. If the value of collateral declines, it may become insufficient to meet an investment counterpartys obligations to the Fund and/or make it more difficult for the Fund to liquidate collateral. In addition, the Funds access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws.
Issuer Concentration Risk: The Fund may hold securities of a single issuer representing up to 5% of that issuers total outstanding securities. As such, the Fund has a greater potential to realize losses upon the occurrence of adverse events affecting that issuer or in the event that Fund has to quickly sell its position in that issuer.
Issuer-Specific Risk: The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of securities of smaller issuers can be more volatile than those of larger issuers. The value of certain types of securities can be more volatile due to increased sensitivity to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments. For example, technology companies are often characterized by above-average growth rates combined with rapid technological change and intense competition, causing their valuation to be difficult to predict and their stocks significantly more volatile than the overall equities markets.
Large Capitalization Stock Risk: Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities market.
Leverage Risk: Using borrowing or derivatives to increase the Funds combined long and short position exposure creates leverage, which can amplify the effects of market volatility on the Funds share price and make the Funds returns more volatile. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The use of leverage also may cause the Fund to have higher expenses than those of mutual funds that do not use leverage. The Funds entry into swap contracts will involve indirect leverage because swap contract payments are based upon notional value rather than the amount invested.
Liquidity Risk: The Fund is subject to liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell; possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy obligations. A portion of the Funds assets will be invested in securities of investment vehicles that are not being traded on public or electronic exchanges. Funds with principal investment strategies that involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, non-U.S. securities, Rule 144A securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk.
Management Risk: The Advisers and sub-advisers judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes and securities in which the Fund invests or allocations among sub-advisers, strategies, or investments may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results. Additionally, the Advisers judgments about the potential performance of the sub-adviser may also prove incorrect and may not produce the desired results. There can be no assurance that either the sub-adviser selected by the adviser or the securities selected by the sub-adviser will produce positive returns. While the investment strategies employed by the sub-adviser are intended to be complementary, they may not in fact by complementary. The interplay of the various strategies employed by the sub-adviser may result in the Fund holding a significant amount of certain types of securities. The degree of correlation among the investment strategies of the sub-adviser and the market as a whole will vary as a result of market conditions and other factors, and certain sub-advisers could have a greater degree of correlation with each other and with the market than other sub-advisers.
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● | Fundamental Analysis Risk: Fundamental analysis — which is based on the theory that market mis-pricings exist because market prices do not incorporate all knowable economic and other relevant data is subject to the risk of inaccurate or incomplete market information, as well as the difficulty of predicting future prices based upon analysis of all known information. Investments made on the basis of fundamental analysis are subject to significant losses when market sentiment leads to investments market prices being materially discounted from the expected prices indicated by fundamental analysis (as in the case of flights to quality when the demand for valuing certain risky investments plummets) or when technical factors, such as price momentum encouraged by trend following, dominate the market. Fundamental analysis is inherently subject to the risk of not having identified all the relevant economic factors. This risk may be exacerbated by the difficulty of even being aware of all relevant idiosyncratic factors (there may, for example, be dissension among management, illness of one or more key persons, or inaccurate accounting procedures, none of which is within the scope of the universe of data). Also, the macro-economic factors considered by the sub-adviser are difficult to evaluate or implement even by those traders who base their strategies on doing so. Fundamental analysis is also inherently subject to the unpredictable duration of periods during which market prices and true value as determined by such analysis will change. The sub-adviser may be entirely correct in its analysis of the idiosyncratic factors affecting the price of a stock, but the market may not reflect true value during the period that the sub-adviser determines a position in such stock can be held. Although the sub-advisers conviction in a particular position factors into the sub-advisers analysis of a likely event path through which value will be realized, there can be no assurance that the sub-adviser will correctly identify such exit strategy or event path. |
● | Limited Use of Technical Analysis Risk: The sub-adviser may use technical analysis (i.e., the analysis of historical and current market data into its investment decisions) only sparingly and as a means of selecting issuers for detailed fundamental analysis. Technical analysis posits that at any point in time the market price movements and patterns represent the collective judgments of likely millions of market participants and are the best source for predicting short- to mid-term price movements. This may be in direct contrast to the sub-advisers approach which posits that its analysis of the idiosyncratic factors affecting individual issuers will be able to identify material mispricings in the prevailing market prices. Periods during which technical factors dominate market pricing recur frequently. During such periods, the sub-advisers strategy may incur material losses despite having itself been successfully implemented. |
● | Resource-Intensive Strategy Risk: The sub-advisers focus on detailed fundamental analysis is resource-intensive. In seeking to identify investment opportunities for the Fund, the sub-adviser may be competing with other managers with resources many times greater than those of the sub-adviser. |
Market and Geopolitical Risk: The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Funds portfolio may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, climate change or climate-related events, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, international conflicts, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years, such as terrorist attacks around the world, natural disasters, social and political discord or debt crises and downgrades, among others, may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. It is difficult to predict when similar events affecting the U.S. or global financial markets may occur, the effects that such events may have and the duration of those effects. Any such event(s) could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Funds portfolio. The COVID-19 global pandemic had negative impacts, and in many cases severe negative impacts, on markets worldwide. It is not known how long any future impacts of the significant events described above, will or would last, but there could be a prolonged period of global economic slowdown, which may impact your Fund investment. Therefore, the Fund could lose money over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns. During a general market downturn, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Changes in market conditions and interest rates can have the same impact on all types of securities and instruments. In times of severe market disruptions you could lose your entire investment.
Non-Diversification Risk: As a non-diversified fund, the Fund may invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers, and in Other Investment Companies that are non-diversified. Because a relatively high percentage of the assets of the Fund may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers, the value of shares of the Fund may be more sensitive to any single economic, business, political or regulatory occurrence than the value of shares of a diversified investment company. This fluctuation, if significant, may affect the performance of the Fund.
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Options Risk: Because option premiums paid or received by the Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a written option (also known as a short position) if the price of the written option increases in value between the date when the Fund writes the option and the date on which the Fund purchases an offsetting position. The Funds losses are potentially significant in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in a written call transaction.
Other Investment Companies Risk: Other Investment Companies are subject to their own expenses which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. The cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Other Investment Companies and may be higher than funds that invest directly in only stocks and bonds. Other Investment Companies are subject to their own specific risks, depending on the nature of the strategies they pursue.
Preferred Stock Risk: The value of preferred stocks will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of preferred stock. Preferred stocks are also subject to credit risk, which is the possibility that an issuer of preferred stock will fail to make its dividend payments. Preferred stock prices tend to move more slowly upwards than common stock prices.
Reliance on Corporate Management and Financial Reporting Risk: The sub-adviser necessarily relies on the financial information made available by the issuers of the equities in which it invests. The sub-adviser has no ability to independently verify the financial information disseminated by the issuers in which it invests and is dependent upon the integrity of both the management of these issuers and the financial reporting process in general. Past and recurring events have demonstrated that investors such as the Fund can incur material losses as a result of corporate mismanagement, fraud and accounting irregularities.
Restricted Securities Risk: Rule 144A securities, which are restricted securities, may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. A Rule 144A restricted security carries the risk that the Fund may not be able to sell a security when the portfolio manager considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for Rule 144A securities than for more liquid securities. Although there is a substantial institutional market for Rule 144A securities, it is not possible to predict exactly how the market for Rule 144A securities will develop. A restricted security that when purchased was liquid in the institutional markets may subsequently become illiquid.
Short Selling and Short Position Risk: A short sale is effected by selling a security that the Fund does not own, or selling a security which the Fund owns but that it does not deliver upon consummation of the sale. In order to initiate a short sale, a seller must locate a source from which the seller can borrow the securities to be sold short and, in order to make delivery to the buyer of a security sold short, the seller must borrow the security. In so doing, the seller incurs the obligation to replace that security, whatever its price may be, at the time it is required to deliver it to the lender. The Funds long positions could decline in value at the same time that the value of short positions increase, thereby increasing the Funds overall potential for loss. If the Fund sells a security short and subsequently has to buy the security back at a higher price, the Fund will lose money on the transaction. In contrast to the Funds long positions, for which the risk of loss is typically limited to the amount invested, the potential loss on short positions is theoretically higher. However, the Fund will be in compliance with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, to ensure that a Fund shareholder will not lose more than the amount invested in the Fund. The use of short sales, which has the effect of leveraging the Fund, could increase the exposure of the Fund to the market, increase losses and increase the volatility of returns. Market factors may prevent the Fund from closing out a short position at the most desirable time or at a favorable price exposing the Fund to significant losses. Short squeezes are recurrent market events in which certain traders drive up the price and attempt to acquire a substantial percentage of the trading market in a stock, forcing the short sellers to incur major losses in closing out their short positions. A lender may request that borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an unfavorable price. If this occurs at the same that other short sellers of the same security also want to close out their positions, it is more likely that the Fund will have to cover its short sale at an unfavorable price and potentially reduce or eliminate any gain, or cause a loss, as a result of the short sale. When the Fund sells a security, the Fund must also pay to the lender of the security any dividends or interest payable on the security during the borrowing period and may have to pay a premium for the right to borrow the security. This obligation must, unless the Fund then owns or has the right to obtain, without payment, securities identical to those sold short — which the Fund will generally not do — be collateralized by a deposit of cash or marketable securities with the lender. From time to time, various regulatory authorities have imposed short-selling bans in selected securities (often, however, a wide population of securities), making it difficult if not impossible to continue to implement certain long-short (as well as other) equity strategies. In compliance with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, a Fund shareholders potential loss can only equal the value of Fund shares held at that time.
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Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk: The value of small or medium capitalization company securities may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market in general. These companies may have narrower markets, limited product lines, fewer financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Investing in lesser-known, small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk of volatility of the Funds net asset value than is customarily associated with larger, more established companies.
Trade Execution Risk: The ability to enter into or exit from derivative trades may be materially impacted by fast moving and volatile markets. There is no guarantee that such trades can be executed.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
A description of the Funds policies regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Funds Statement of Additional Information. The Fund may, from time-to-time, make available month-end portfolio holdings information on the website www.altegris.com. If month-end portfolio holdings are posted to the website, they are expected to be approximately 30 days old and remain available until new information for the next month is posted. Shareholders may request portfolio holdings schedules at no charge by calling 1-877-772-5838. The Adviser may also make available certain information about the Funds portfolio prior to the public dissemination of portfolio holdings, including, but not limited to, the Funds portfolio characteristics data; currency and sector exposures; the Funds asset class and instrument exposures; and the Funds performance attribution, by posting such information on the website www.altegris.com or upon reasonable request made to the Fund or the Adviser.
Cybersecurity
The computer systems, networks and devices used by the Fund and its service providers to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.
Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact the Funds business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Funds ability to calculate its net asset value; impediments to trading; the inability of the Fund, the Adviser, and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information.
Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invest; counterparties with which the Fund engage in transactions; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for the Funds shareholders); and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future.
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MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400, La Jolla, CA 92037, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for management of the Funds investment portfolio including through the sub-adviser. The Adviser is responsible for selecting the Funds sub-advisers and assuring that investments are made according to the Funds investment objectives, policies and restrictions. The Adviser was established in 2010 for the purpose of advising mutual funds. As of December 31, 2023, the Adviser had approximately $234 million in assets under management. Management of the Adviser and its affiliates, and the Funds portfolio managers, have substantial experience in both the selection and evaluation of alternative investment managers, portfolios and strategies, and the structuring, management and distribution of alternative investment products. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Adviser, or by holders of a majority of a Funds outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
The Adviser is wholly owned by Better Outcome, LLC, which in turn is owned and controlled equally by Continuum Capital Managers, LLC (Continuum) and AV5 Acquisition, LLC (AV5). Mr. Matthew Osborne, the Advisers CEO and CIO is the sole owner and member of AV5. Continuum is wholly owned and controlled by Messrs. Douglas Grip and Stephen Vanourny.
Pursuant to an advisory agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, with respect to the Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee equal to 1.30% of the Funds average daily net assets. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Adviser earned $2,729,845 in advisory fees, of which $183,322 were waived which represented 1.21% of the Funds average daily net assets. The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and/or absorb expenses of the Fund as described in the Fund Summary, until at least October 31, 2025, to ensure that total Annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement (exclusive of (i) any front-end or contingent deferred loads; (ii) brokerage fees and commissions; (iii) acquired fund fees and expenses; (iv) fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses); (v) borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), (vi) taxes, (vii) expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization; and (viii) extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the adviser)) will not exceed 1.80%, 2.55% and 1.55% of average daily net assets attributable to Class A, Class C and Class I shares, respectively. Waived fees and absorbed expenses are subject to possible recoupment from the Funds in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. This agreement may only be terminated only by the Board of Trustees on 60 days written notice to the Adviser.
Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Funds expenses and boost its performance. A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the advisory and sub-advisory agreements are available in the annual shareholder report for the period ended December 31, 2023.
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Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers
Sub-Adviser and Sub-Adviser Co-Portfolio Managers
American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC, (AACA), 3430 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 150, San Diego, CA 92121, serves as the sub-adviser to the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees and oversight by the Adviser, AACA is responsible for management of the Funds real estate company securities portfolio investments according to the Funds investment objectives, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and AACA, as a sub-adviser, AACA is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee based on the Funds average daily net assets that is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund. AACA is an SEC-registered investment advisory firm offering multiple strategies, including real estate long short investment strategies. The firm focuses on providing total returns through long term capital appreciation and current income. Effective September 2, 2014, as a result of an internal corporate restructuring of American Assets Investment Management, LLC (AAIM), the previously appointed sub-adviser to the Fund, AAIMs real estate related advisory accounts were transferred to AACA, an entity registered with the SEC, of which AAIM is a 50% owner. AAIM served as the general partner and investment manager of the Predecessor Fund and has served institutional investors since 2002. As of December 31, 2023, AACA had approximately $396 million in assets under management.
Burland B. East III, CFA
Co-Portfolio Manager
Mr. East has served as the Chief Executive Officer and a portfolio manager of the sub-adviser since October 2010. From October 2001 to July 2010, he was a Managing Principal of Silver Portal Capital, LLC, a FINRA regulated investment bank specializing in institutional real estate. From August 1992 to February 2001, he served as a Managing Director, Senior Equity Analyst and Group Co Head at Wachovia Securities (and its predecessor companies, First Union Securities, EVEREN Securities, Inc., Research Division and Kemper Securities Inc.), with primary responsibility for equity research coverage of all forms of publicly traded real estate companies and related investment banking. Mr. East serves on the Board of Advisors of Comunidad Realty Partners. Mr. East served as Independent Director at Excel Trust, Inc. (NYSE: EXL) from April 2010 to 2015. Mr. East is a former NAREIT member and was a Board Associate in 1998/1999. Mr. East served on the Leadership Council of the Lusk Center for Real Estate at the University of Southern California from 2003 to 2014. In 1996, 1997 and 1998, he was recognized among outstanding sell-side analysts by Dow Jones Publishing/Realty Stock Review. He holds a Chartered Financial Analyst designation. Mr. East received a Bachelor of Arts in Business and a Masters Degree in Business Administration from Loyola College in Maryland.
Creede Murphy
Co-Portfolio Manager
Since January 2011, Mr. Murphy has served in various roles, with increasing responsibility and authority, as an analyst supporting the sub-advisers investment management, research and portfolio management functions, and currently serves as the firms Chief Operating Officer. In 2021, in addition to his role as COO, Mr. Murphy joined Mr. East as a portfolio manager to client accounts of the sub-adviser. Mr. Murphy has over 10 years of experience in investment management, providing investment research, financial modeling, security valuation, and general portfolio management services. He is also a licensed architect with 10 years of prior experience in architecture and real estate development, providing unique insights into real estate deals and investment opportunities.
Mr. Murphy holds a Masters Degree in Business Administration from the University of California San Diego, where he studied Modern Portfolio Theory under Nobel Laureate Harry Markowitz, and holds a Masters Degree in Architecture and a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture. He is also a Licensed Architect.
The Funds Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and each portfolio managers ownership of Fund shares.
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HOW SHARES ARE PRICED
The net asset value (NAV) and offering price (NAV plus any applicable sales charges) of each class of shares is determined at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business. NAV is computed by determining, on a per-class basis, the aggregate market value of all assets of the Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding (assets-liabilities]/number of shares = NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV takes into account, on a per-class basis, the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees (if any), which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for a share class for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.
Generally, the Funds securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each securitys primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ) National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Securities that are not traded or dealt in any securities exchange (whether domestic or foreign) and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available generally shall be valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask price on such over-the-counter market. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity. It is possible that the valuation determined by matrix pricing for a debt security may differ materially from the value that would be realized if the security were sold. During times of market volatility, it may be necessary for the Fund to utilize its fair value procedures to value (as described below) certain debt securities.
If the security is not traded on an exchange, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the fair value procedures approved by the Board. If market quotations are otherwise not readily available, or deemed unreliable for a security, or if a securitys value may have been materially affected by events occurring after the close of a securities market on which the security principally trades, but before the Fund calculates its NAV, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Adviser and/or relevant sub-adviser in accordance with such procedures approved by the Board. In this respect, the Adviser and/or sub-adviser participate in the valuation process by preparing the fair valuation for any such securities as per approved procedures and pursuant to a fair value process developed in coordination with the Funds administrator, auditors, and in some cases certain service providers to the issuers of securities subject to the fair valuation. This process is tested and subject to ongoing and periodic monitoring by the Adviser and/or sub-adviser, the Funds administrator, and the Board.
Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. This fair value may also vary from valuations determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available. The Board has delegated the Adviser as its Valuation Designee to execute of these procedures. The Adviser may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.
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The Fund and the Adviser may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Funds securities. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. In computing the NAV, the Fund values foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the NYSE. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the Funds portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price the security using the Funds fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Funds portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Funds NAV by short term traders. The determination of fair value involves subjective judgments. As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by other mutual funds to determine net NAV, from the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security, or from market prices when they become available.
With respect to any portion of the Funds assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, the Funds NAV is calculated based upon the net asset values of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
As a result of investments by a Fund, in foreign securities or other instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the NAV of the Funds shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of these instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the NYSE is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
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HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Share Classes
This Prospectus describes 4 classes of shares offered by the Fund: Class A, Class C and Class I . The Fund offers 4 classes of shares so that you can choose the class that best suits your investment needs. Refer to the information below so that you can choose the class that best suits your investment needs. The main differences between the share classes are sales charges, ongoing fees and minimum investment. Class A charges a maximum sales load of 5.75% and Class A and Class C charges a maximum deferred charge of 1.00%. Class A and Class C shares pay an annual distribution fee of up to 0.25% and 1.00% respectively, of the Funds average daily net assets attributable to such Class for distribution and shareholder servicing expenses pursuant to the Trusts Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1. Class I shares do not pay sales loads or 12b-1 fees. For information on ongoing distribution fees, see Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees on page ______ of this Prospectus. Each class of shares in a Fund represents interest in the same portfolio of investments within the Fund. There is no investment minimum on reinvested distributions and a Fund may change investment minimums at any time. The Funds reserve the right to waive sales charges, as described below, and investment minimums. All share classes may not be available for purchase in all states.
Class A Shares
Class A shares are offered at their public offering price, which is NAV plus the applicable sales charge and are subject to 12b-1 distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.25% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of Class A shares. The 12b-1 fees are accrued and paid monthly. Over time, fees paid under this distribution and service plan will increase the cost of a Class A shareholders investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges. The minimum initial investment in Class A shares of the Fund is $2,500 for all accounts. The minimum subsequent investment in Class A shares of the Fund is $250 for all accounts. The sales charge varies, depending on how much you invest. There are no sales charges on reinvested distributions. The following sales charges, apply to your purchases of Class A shares of a Fund unless waived as described under Sales Charge Waivers:
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Amount Invested |
Sales
Charge as a % of Offering Price(1) |
Sales
Charge as a % of Amount Invested |
Dealer
Reallowance(2) |
Under $25,000 | 5.75% | 6.10% | 5.00% |
$25,000 to $49,999 | 5.00% | 5.26% | 4.25% |
$50,000 to $99,999 | 4.75% | 4.99% | 4.00% |
$100,000 to $249,999 | 3.75% | 3.83% | 3.25% |
$250,000 to $499,999 | 2.50% | 2.56% | 2.00% |
$500,000 to $999,999 | 2.00% | 2.04% | 1.75% |
$1,000,000 and above | 0.00% | 0.00% | See below |
(1) | Offering price includes the front-end sales load. The sales charge you pay may differ slightly from the amount set forth above because of rounding that occurs in the calculation used to determine your sales charge. |
(2) | Represents the amount of the sales charge retained by the selling broker-dealer. |
A selling broker may receive commissions on purchases of Class A shares over $1 million calculated as follows: 1.00% on purchases between $1 million and $3 million, 0.50% on amounts over $3 million but less than $5 million, 0.25% on amounts over $5 million. The commission rate is determined based on the purchase amount combined with the current market value of existing investments in Class A shares. As shown, investors that purchase $1 million or more of a Funds Class A shares will not pay any initial sales charge on the purchase. However, purchases of $1 million or more of Class A shares may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) on shares redeemed during the first 18 months after their purchase in the amount of the commissions paid on the shares redeemed.
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How to Reduce Your Sales Charge
You may be eligible to purchase Class A shares at a reduced sales charge. To qualify for these reductions, you must notify the Funds distributor, Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the distributor), in writing and supply your account number at the time of purchase. You may combine your purchase with those of your immediate family (your spouse and your children under the age of 21) for purposes of determining eligibility. If applicable, you will need to provide the account numbers of your spouse and your minor children as well as the ages of your minor children. These variations are separate and apart from those discussed in Appendix A.
Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.
Rights of Accumulation: To qualify for the lower sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases of Class A shares, you may combine your new purchases of Class A shares with Class A shares of a Fund that you already own. The applicable initial sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current value of all other Class A shares that you own. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases and must be requested in writing when you buy your shares.
Shares of a Fund held as follows cannot be combined with your current purchase for purposes of reduced sales charges:
● | shares held indirectly through financial intermediaries other than your current purchase broker-dealer (for example, a different broker-dealer, a bank, a separate insurance company account or an investment adviser); |
● | shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plan (for example, a 401(k) plan) other than employer-sponsored IRAs; and |
● | shares held directly in the Fund account on which the broker-dealer (financial adviser) of record is different than your current purchase broker-dealer. |
Letter of Intent: Under a Letter of Intent (LOI), you commit to purchase a specified dollar amount of Class A shares of the Fund, with a minimum of $25,000, during a 13-month period. The 13-month period commences on the day that the LOI is received by the Fund, and you must tell the Fund that later purchases are subject to the LOI. Purchases submitted prior to the date the LOI is received by the Fund are not counted toward the sales charge reduction. The amount you agree to purchase determines the initial sales charge you pay. If the full face amount of the LOI is not invested by the end of the 13-month period, your account will be adjusted to the higher initial sales charge level for the amount actually invested. You are not legally bound by the terms of your LOI to purchase the amount of your shares stated in the LOI. The LOI does, however, authorize the Fund to hold in escrow 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase. If you do not complete the total intended purchase at the end of the 13-month period, the Funds transfer agent will redeem the necessary portion of the escrowed shares to make up the difference between the reduced rate sales charge (based on the amount you intended to purchase) and the sales charge that would normally apply (based on the actual amount you purchased).
Repurchase of Class A Shares: If you have redeemed Class A shares of a Fund within the past 120 days, you may repurchase an equivalent amount of Class A shares of the Fund at NAV, without the normal front-end sales charge. In effect, this allows you to reacquire shares that you may have had to redeem, without repaying the front-end sales charge. You may exercise this privilege only once and must notify the Fund that you intend to do so in writing. The Fund must receive your purchase order within 120 days of your redemption. Note that if you reacquire shares through separate installments (e.g., through monthly or quarterly repurchases), the sales charge waiver will only apply to those portions of your repurchase order received within 120 days of your redemption.
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Sales Charge Waivers
The sales charge on purchases of Class A shares is waived for certain types of investors, including:
● | Current and retired directors and officers of the Fund, or the Adviser, or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates, or their families (e.g., spouse, children, mother or father). |
● | Employees of the Adviser and their families, or any full-time employee or registered representative of the distributor or of broker-dealers (each a Selling Broker) and their affiliates having dealer agreements with the distributor and their immediate families (or any trust, pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons). |
● | Any full-time employee of a bank, savings and loan, credit union or other financial institution that utilizes a Selling Broker to clear purchases of the funds shares and their immediate families. |
● | Participants in certain wrap-fee or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor. |
● | Clients of financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the distributor providing for the shares to be used in particular investment products made available to such clients and for which such registered investment advisers may charge a separate fee. |
● | Clients of financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the distributor to offer shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts, whether or not such accounts are subject to transaction fees. |
● | Institutional investors (which may include bank trust departments and registered investment advisers). |
● | Any accounts established on behalf of registered investment advisers or their clients by broker-dealers that charge a transaction fee and that have entered into agreements with the distributor. |
● | Separate accounts used to fund certain unregistered variable annuity contracts or Section 403(b) or 401(a) or (k) accounts. |
In addition, the Fund and the Adviser may also waive sales charges for other investor types and under other circumstances at their discretion. The Fund does not waive sales charges for the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of shares of a different fund where those shares were subject to a front-end sales charge (sometimes called NAV transfer). Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts to Class A Shares of the Fund will depend on whether you purchase your Class A Shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. These variations are separate and apart from those discussed in Appendix A. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures (from those described above for Class A Shares generally) regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchasers responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchasers financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive such waivers or discounts.
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Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A Shares available at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management
Effective July 1, 2018, shareholders purchasing Class A Shares of the Fund through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus.
● | Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans |
● | Morgan Stanley employee and employee-related accounts according to Morgan Stanleys account linking rules |
● | Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions when purchasing shares of the same fund |
● | Shares purchased through a Morgan Stanley self-directed brokerage account |
● | Class C (i.e., level-load) shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Morgan Stanley Wealth Managements share class conversion program |
● | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (i) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (ii) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (iii) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge. |
Class C Shares
Class C shares of the Fund are offered at their NAV without an initial sales charge. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Class C shares pay 1.00% on an annualized basis of their average daily net assets as reimbursement or compensation for service and distribution-related activities with respect to the Fund and/or shareholder services which amount is accrued and paid monthly. Over time, fees paid under this distribution and service plan will increase the cost of a Class C shareholders investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges.
Brokers that have entered into selling agreements with the Funds distributor may receive a commission of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class C at the time of purchase. Brokers may also receive distribution and/or shareholder service fees for Class C shares held for over a year.
If you redeem Class C shares within one year after purchase, you will be charged a CDSC of up to 1.00%. The charge will apply to the lesser of the original cost of the Class C shares being redeemed or the proceeds of your redemption and will be calculated without regard to any redemption fee. When you redeem Class C shares, the redemption order is processed so that the lowest CDSC is charged. Class C shares that are not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first. In addition, you will not be charged a CDSC when you redeem shares that you acquired through reinvestment of Fund dividends or capital gains. Any CDSC paid on the redemptions of Class C shares expressed as a percentage of the applicable redemption amount may be higher or lower than the charge described due to rounding.
The minimum initial investment in the Class C shares is $2,500 and the minimum subsequent investment is $250.
Class I Shares
Class I shares of the Fund are sold at NAV without an initial sales charge and are not subject to 12b-1 distribution fees, but have a higher minimum initial investment than Class A and Class C. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Unless otherwise waived by the Fund, Class I shares require a minimum initial investment of $100,000 and the minimum subsequent investment is $250. Class I shares are offered to investment and institutional clients of the Adviser and its affiliates, to certain persons affiliated with the Adviser, to certain of the Funds service providers, and to clients of financial institutions or intermediaries (i) that charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting or similar fee-based charges for financial services or (ii) that have entered into an agreement with the Funds distributor to offer Class I shares through a no-load network or platform. Class I shares may also be available on certain brokerage platforms. An investor transacting in Class I shares through a broker acting as an agent for the investor may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of compensation to the broker.
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Exchanges for Class I Shares
Holders of Class A and Class C shares issued by the Fund may exchange their shares for Class I shares provided that they: (1) hold their shares through a Selling Broker or other financial intermediary or institution that has a distribution agreement with the Funds distributor to offer Class I shares and which authorizes such an exchange; and (2) are otherwise eligible to invest in Class I shares in accordance with the terms of this Prospectus. Any such exchange is subject to the Funds discretion to accept or reject the exchange. Class A shareholders who purchased $1,000,000 or more of shares, and who then exchange them for Class I shares within eighteen months of the original purchase date, will be subject to a CDSC for such exchange in the same manner as would be applicable to a redemption of Class A shares purchased in an amount of $1,000,000 or more and redeemed within eighteen months of the date of original purchase, unless the Adviser in its sole discretion determines to waive the applicable CDSC. Class C shareholders who exchange them for Class I shares within one year of the original purchase date will be subject to a CDSC for such exchange in the same manner as would be applicable to a redemption of Class C shares made within one year of the date of original purchase, unless the Adviser in its sole discretion determines to waive the applicable CDSC. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange of Class A or Class C shares for Class I shares within the same Fund will not result in the recognition of a capital gain or loss.
Factors to Consider when Choosing a Share Class: When deciding which class of shares of a Fund to purchase, you should consider your investment goals, present and future amounts you may invest in the Fund, and the length of time you intend to hold your shares. To help you make a determination as to which class of shares to buy, please refer back to the examples of the Funds expenses over time in the Fees and Expenses of the Fund section for the Fund in this Prospectus. You also may wish to consult with your financial adviser for advice with regard to which share class would be most appropriate for you.
Purchasing Shares: You may purchase shares of a Fund by sending a completed application form to the following address:
Via Regular Mail | or Overnight Mail |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
C/O Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
P.O. Box 541150
Omaha, NE 68154 |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
C/O Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100
Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474 |
The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Fund, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money-laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. As requested on the application, you should supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing a P.O. Box will not be accepted. This information will assist the Fund in verifying your identity. Until such verification is made, the Fund may temporarily limit additional share purchases. In addition, the Fund may limit additional share purchases or close an account if it is unable to verify a shareholders identity. As required by law, the Fund may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.
Note: Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, the Funds transfer agent, will charge a $25 fee against a shareholders account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Funds, for any check returned to the transfer agent for insufficient funds. If your check or electronic payment does not clear, you will be you will be responsible for any loss incurred by the funds and charged a $25 fee to defray bank charges.
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Purchase through Brokers: You may invest in the Fund through brokers or agents who have entered into selling agreements with the Funds distributor. The brokers and agents are authorized to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or its designee receives the order. The broker or agent may set their own initial and subsequent investment minimums. You may be charged a fee if you use a broker or agent to buy or redeem shares of the Fund. Finally, various servicing agents use procedures and impose restrictions that may be in addition to, or different from those applicable to investors purchasing shares directly from the Fund. You should carefully read the program materials provided to you by your servicing agent.
Purchase by Wire: If you wish to wire money to make an investment in the Funds, please call the Funds 1-877-772-5838 for wiring instructions and to notify the Fund that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds via wire. The Fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Funds designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds.
Automated Clearing House (ACH) Purchase
Current shareholders may purchase additional shares via Automated Clearing House (ACH). To have this option added to your account, please send a letter to the Fund requesting this option and supply a voided check for the bank account. Only bank accounts held at domestic institutions that are ACH members may be used for these transactions. You may not use ACH transactions for your initial purchase of Fund shares. ACH purchases will be effective at the closing price per share on the business day after the order is placed. The Fund may alter, modify or terminate this purchase option at any time. Shares purchased by ACH will not be available for redemption until the transactions have cleared. Shares purchased via ACH transfer may take up to 15 days to clear.
Automatic Investment Plans: You may participate in a Funds Automatic Investment Plan, an investment plan that automatically moves money from your bank account and invests it in the Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers or automatic bank drafts. You may elect to make subsequent investments by transfers of a minimum of $500 on specified days of each month into your established Fund account. Please contact the Funds 1-877-772-5838 for more information about the Funds Automatic Investment Plans.
The Fund, reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any application to purchase shares. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by a check drawn on a U.S. bank, thrift institutions, or credit union in U.S. funds for the full amount of the shares to be purchased. After you open an account, you may purchase additional shares by sending a check together with written instructions stating the name(s) on the account and the account number, to the above address. Make all checks payable to the Fund in which you choose to invest. The Fund will not accept payment in cash, cashiers checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept cash, third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares. Redemptions of Shares of the Fund purchased by check may be subject to a hold period until the check has been cleared by the issuing bank. To avoid such holding periods, Shares may be purchased through a broker or by wire, as described in this section.
When Order is Processed: All shares will be purchased at the NAV per share (plus applicable sales charges, if any) next determined after the Fund receives your application or request in good order. All requests received in good order by the Fund before the close of NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time)) will be processed on that same day. Requests received after the close will be processed on the next business day.
Good Order
When
making a purchase request, make sure your request is in good order.
● The name of the Fund and share class
● The dollar amount of shares to be purchased
● A completed purchase application or investment stub
● Check payable to the Fund: Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund |
Retirement Plans: You may purchase shares of the Fund for your individual retirement plans. Please call the Fund at 1-877-772-5838 for the most current listing and appropriate disclosure documentation on how to open a retirement account.
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Inactive Accounts: If shareholder-initiated contact does not occur on your account within the timeframe specified by the law in your state of record, or if Fund mailings are returned as undeliverable during that timeframe, the assets of your account (shares and/or any uncashed checks) may be transferred to your last known recorded state of residence as unclaimed property, in accordance with specific state law.
NOTE: If you fail to initiate such contact, your property will be escheated to your last known state of residency after which you will need to claim the property from that state.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Redeeming Shares
You may redeem all or any portion of the shares credited to your account by submitting a written request for redemption to the Fund:
Via Regular Mail | or Overnight Mail |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
C/O Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
P.O. Box 541150
Omaha, NE 68154 |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund C/O Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100 Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474 |
The Fund typically expects that it will take up to 7 days following the receipt of your redemption request to pay out redemption proceeds by check or electronic transfer. The Fund typically expects to pay redemptions from cash, cash equivalents, proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, any lines of credit, and then from the sale of portfolio securities. These redemption payment methods will be used in regular and stressed market conditions.
To establish internet transaction privileges, you must enroll through the website. You automatically have the ability to establish internet transaction privileges unless you decline the privileges on your New Account Application or IRA Application. You will be required to enter into a users agreement through the website in order to enroll in these privileges. To purchase shares through the website, you must also have ACH instructions on your account. Redemption proceeds may be sent to you by check to the address or record, or if your account has existing bank information, by wire or ACH. Only bank accounts held at domestic financial institutions that are ACH members can be used for transactions through the Funds website. Transactions through the website are subject to the same minimums and maximums as other transaction methods. Please call 877-772-5838 for assistance in establishing online access.
You should be aware that the internet is an unsecured, unstable, unregulated and unpredictable environment. Your ability to use the website for transactions is dependent upon the internet and equipment, software, systems, data and services provided by various vendors and third parties. While the Fund and its service providers have established certain security procedures, the Fund, their distributor and their transfer agent cannot assure you that trading information will be completely secure.
There may also be delays, malfunctions, or other inconveniences generally associated with this medium. There also may be times when the website is unavailable for Fund transactions or other purposes. Should this happen, you should consider purchasing or redeeming shares by another method. Neither the Fund nor their transfer agent, distributor nor Advisor will be liable for any such delays or malfunctions or unauthorized interception or access to communications or account information.
Redemptions by Telephone: The telephone redemption privilege is automatically available to all new accounts. If you do not want the telephone redemption privilege, you must indicate this in the appropriate area on your account application or you must write to the Fund and instruct it to remove this privilege from your account. If you own an IRA, you will be asked whether or not the Fund should withhold federal income tax.
The proceeds will be sent by mail to the address designated on your account or wired directly to your existing account in a bank or brokerage firm in the United States as designated on your application. To redeem by telephone, call 1-877-772-5838.
During periods of high market activity, you may encounter higher than usual wait times. Please allow sufficient time to ensure that you will be able to complete your telephone transaction prior to market close. Neither the Fund nor its transfer agent will be held liable if you are unable to place your trade due to high call volume.
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The Fund reserves the right to suspend the telephone redemption privileges with respect to your account if the name(s) or the address on the account has been changed within the previous 30 days. Neither the Fund, the transfer agent, nor their respective affiliates will be liable for complying with telephone instructions they reasonably believe to be genuine or for any loss, damage, cost or expense in acting on such telephone instructions and you will be required to bear the risk of any such loss. The Fund or the transfer agent, or both, will employ reasonable procedures to determine that telephone instructions are genuine. If the Fund and/or the transfer agent do not employ these procedures, they may be liable to you for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. These procedures may include, among others, requiring forms of personal identification prior to acting upon telephone instructions, providing written confirmation of the transactions and/or tape recording telephone instructions.
Redemptions through Broker: If shares of the Fund are held by a broker-dealer, financial institution or other servicing agent, you must contact that servicing agent to redeem shares of the Fund. The servicing agent may charge a fee for this service.
Redemptions by Wire: You may request that your redemption proceeds be wired directly to your bank account. The Funds transfer agent imposes a $15 fee for each wire redemption and deducts the fee directly from your account. Your bank may also impose a fee for the incoming wire.
When Redemptions are Sent: Once the Fund receives your redemption request in good order as described below, it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request, which are payable at the next determined NAV following the receipt your redemption request in good order, as described below. If you purchase shares using a check and soon after request a redemption, your redemption proceeds will not be sent until the check used for your purchase has cleared your bank.
Good Order
Your
redemption request will be processed if it is in good order. To be in good order,
● The
request should be in writing, unless redeeming by telephone, indicating
● The request must identify your account number
● The request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered
● If you request that the redemption proceeds be sent to a person, bank or an address other than that of record or paid to someone other than the record owner(s), or if the address was changed within the last 30 days, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor |
When You Need Medallion Signature Guarantees: If you wish to change the bank or brokerage account that you have designated on your account, you may do so at any time by writing to the Fund with your signature guaranteed. A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account transfers. You will need your signature guaranteed if:
● | you request a redemption to be made payable to a person not on record with the Fund; |
● | you request that a redemption be mailed to an address other than that on record with the Fund; |
● | the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000; |
● | any redemption is transmitted to a bank other than the bank of record; or |
● | your address was changed within 30 days of your redemption request. |
Signatures may be guaranteed by any eligible guarantor institution (including banks, brokers and dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations). Further documentation will be required to change the designated account if shares are held by a corporation, fiduciary or other organization. A notary public cannot guarantee signatures.
Retirement Plans: If you own an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on your redemption request whether the Fund should withhold federal income tax. Unless you elect in your redemption request that you do not want to have federal tax withheld, the redemption will be subject to withholding.
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Low Balances: If at any time your account balance in a Fund falls below the following amounts per share class, the Fund may notify you that, unless the account is brought up to at least the per-class minimum within 60 days of the notice, your account could be closed. After the notice period, the relevant Fund may redeem all of your shares and close your account by sending you a check to the address of record. Your account will not be closed if the account balance drops below the per-class minimum due to a decline in NAV.
Class A | Class C | Class I | |
Minimum | $2,500 | $2,500 | $100,000 |
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES
The Fund discourages and does not accommodate market timing. Frequent trading into and out of the Fund can harm all Fund shareholders by disrupting the Funds investment strategies, increasing Fund expenses, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. The Fund is designed for long-term investors and are not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Accordingly, the Board has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a legitimate need to adjust their Fund investments as their financial needs or circumstances change. The Fund currently uses several methods to reduce the risk of market timing. These methods include:
● | committing staff to review, on a continuing basis, recent trading activity in order to identify trading activity that may be contrary to the Funds Market Timing Trading Policy; |
● | rejecting or limiting specific purchase requests; |
● | rejecting purchase requests from certain investors; and |
● | assessing a redemption fee for short-term trading made within 30 days of purchase. |
Though these methods involve judgments that are inherently subjective and involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to make judgments and applications that are consistent with the interests of the Funds shareholders.
Based on the frequency of redemptions in your account, the Adviser or transfer agent may in its sole discretion determine that your trading activity is detrimental to the Fund as described in the Funds Market Timing Trading Policy and elect to reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future purchases or exchanges into the Fund.
The Fund reserves the right to reject or restrict purchase requests for any reason, particularly when the shareholders trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase orders. The Adviser may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investors financial adviser) from opening new accounts with the Fund.
Although the Funds attempt to limit disruptive trading activities, some investors use a variety of strategies to hide their identities and their trading practices. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to identify or limit these activities. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund. While the Fund will encourage financial intermediaries to apply the Funds Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers who invest indirectly in the Fund, the Fund is limited in their ability to monitor the trading activity or enforce the Funds Market Timing Trading Policy with respect to customers of financial intermediaries. For example, should it occur, the Fund may not be able to detect market timing that may be facilitated by financial intermediaries or made difficult to identify in the omnibus accounts used by those intermediaries for aggregated purchases, exchanges and redemptions on behalf of all their customers. More specifically, unless the financial intermediaries have the ability to apply the Funds Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers through such methods as implementing short-term trading limitations or restrictions and monitoring trading activity for what might be market timing, the Fund may not be able to determine whether trading by customers of financial intermediaries is contrary to the Funds Market Timing Trading Policy. Brokers maintaining omnibus accounts with the Fund has agreed to provide shareholder transaction information to the extent known to the broker to a Fund upon request. If the Fund or its transfer agent or shareholder servicing agent suspects there is market timing activity in the account, the Fund will seek full cooperation from the service provider maintaining the account to identify the underlying participant. At the request of the Adviser, the service providers may take immediate action to stop any further short-term trading by such participants.
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TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Any sale or exchange of the Funds shares may generate tax liability (unless you are a tax-exempt investor or your investment is in a qualified retirement account). When you redeem your shares you may realize a taxable gain or loss. This is measured by the difference between the proceeds of the sale and the tax basis for the shares you sold. (To aid in computing your tax basis, you generally should retain your account statements for the period that you hold shares in the Fund.)
The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income at least annually and net capital gains annually. Both distributions will be reinvested in shares of the Fund unless you elect to receive cash. Dividends from net investment income (including any excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) are taxable to investors as ordinary income, while distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are generally taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of your holding period for the shares. Any dividends or capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund will normally be taxable to you when made, regardless of whether you reinvest dividends or capital gain distributions or receive them in cash. In addition, you pay taxes on the distribution whether the value of your investment decreased, increased, or remained the same after you bought the shares of the Fund. Purchasing the Funds shares in a taxable account shortly before a distribution is sometimes called buying into a distribution. The Fund may build up capital gains during the period covered by a distribution (over the course of the year, for example) when securities in the Funds portfolio are sold at a profit. After subtracting any capital losses, the Fund distributes those gains to you and other shareholders, even if you did not own the shares when the gains occurred (if you did not own the Fund earlier in the year, for example), and you incur the full tax liability on the distribution. Certain dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December will be taxed to shareholders as if received in December if they are paid during the following January. Each year the Fund will inform you of the amount and type of your distributions. IRAs and other qualified retirement plans are exempt from federal income taxation until retirement proceeds are paid out to the participant.
Your redemptions, including exchanges, may result in a capital gain or loss for federal tax purposes. A capital gain or loss on your investment is the difference between the cost of your shares, including any sales charges, and the amount you receive when you sell them.
The Fund must report to the IRS and furnish to shareholders the cost basis information for shares purchased and sold. The Fund has chosen average cost as its standing (default) tax lot identification method for all shareholders, which means this is the method the Fund will use to determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing NAVs, and the entire position is not sold at one time. Shareholders may, however, choose a method other than the Funds standing method at the time of their purchase or upon sale of covered shares. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how cost basis reporting applies to them. Shareholders also should carefully review the cost basis information provided to them by the Fund and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
On the account application, you will be asked to certify that your social security number or taxpayer identification number is correct and that you are not subject to backup withholding for failing to report income to the IRS. If you are subject to backup withholding or you did not certify your taxpayer identification number, the IRS requires the Fund to withhold a percentage of any dividend, redemption or exchange proceeds. The Fund reserves the right to reject any application that does not include a certified social security or taxpayer identification number. If you do not have a social security number, you should indicate on the purchase form that your application to obtain a number is pending. The Fund is required to withhold taxes if a number is not delivered to the Fund within seven days.
This summary is not intended to be and should not be construed to be legal or tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisers to determine the tax consequences of owning the Funds shares.
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DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES
Distributor
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, NE 68022, is the distributor for the shares of the Fund. The distributor is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis.
Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees
The Trust, with respect to the Fund, has adopted the Trusts Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans for each of Class A and Class C shares, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act (the Plans), pursuant to the Fund may pay the Funds distributor an annual fee for distribution and shareholder servicing expenses as indicated in the following table of the Funds average daily net assets attributable to the respective class of shares. Class I shares do not have a Plan. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Class A | Class C | |
12b-1 Fee | 0.25% | 1.00% |
The distributor and other entities, including a broker-dealer affiliate of the Adviser, are paid pursuant to the Plans provided and the expenses borne by the distributor and others in the distribution of Fund shares, including the payment of commissions for sales of the shares and incentive compensation to and expenses of dealers and others who engage in or support distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of a Funds shares to other than current shareholders; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. In addition, the distributor or other entities may utilize fees paid pursuant to the Plans to compensate dealers or other entities for their opportunity costs in advancing such amounts, which compensation would be in the form of a carrying charge on any un-reimbursed expenses.
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries
The Funds distributor, its affiliates, and the Adviser and its affiliates may each, at its own expense and out of its own assets including their legitimate profits from Fund-related activities (and not as an additional charge to a Fund), provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries who sell shares of a Fund. Financial intermediaries include brokers-dealers, financial advisers, financial planners, banks, insurance companies, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators and others. These payments may be in addition to the Rule 12b-1 fees and any sales charges that are disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services, or marketing support. Marketing support may include access to sales meetings, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives, inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs. These payments also may be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Fund shareholders. The distributor may, from time to time, provide promotional incentives to certain investment firms. Such incentives may, at the distributors discretion, be limited to investment firms who allow their individual selling representatives to participate in such additional compensation.
Such payments may provide incentives for such parties to make shares of the Fund available to their customers and may allow the Fund greater access to such parties and their customers than would be the case if no payments were paid. Such access advantages include, but are not limited to, placement of the Fund on a list of mutual funds offered as investment options to the financial intermediarys customers; access to the financial intermediarys registered representatives and/or ability to assist in training and educating the financial intermediarys registered representatives. These payment arrangements will not change the price an investor pays for shares of the Fund or the amount that the Fund receives to invest on behalf of the investor.
The Adviser does not direct the Funds portfolio securities transactions, or otherwise compensate broker-dealers in connection with the Funds portfolio transactions, in consideration of sales of Fund shares.
Financial intermediaries that receive these types of payments may have a conflict of interest in recommending or selling the Fund rather than other mutual funds to their client investors, particularly if these payments exceed the amounts paid by other mutual funds.
Householding
To reduce expenses, the Fund mails only one copy of the prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call the Fund at 1-877-772-5838 on days the Fund is open for business or contact your financial institution. The Fund will begin sending you individual copies thirty days after receiving your request.
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 33 |
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Funds financial performance for the period of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The information below for the Fund has been derived from the 2023 financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, are included in the Funds December 31, 2023 annual report, which is available upon request.
Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Year |
Class A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ | 11.38 | $ | 20.40 | $ | 21.43 | $ | 17.97 | $ | 12.57 | ||||||||||
Income/(loss) from investment operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income/(loss) (1) | (0.03 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.16 | ) | 0.00 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments | 1.30 | (8.05 | ) | 1.79 | 5.04 | 5.68 | ||||||||||||||
Total income/(loss) from investment operations | 1.27 | (8.13 | ) | 1.63 | 5.04 | 5.77 | ||||||||||||||
Less distributions from: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | (0.09 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net realized gains | — | (0.89 | ) | (2.66 | ) | (1.49 | ) | (0.31 | ) | |||||||||||
Total distributions | — | (0.89 | ) | (2.66 | ) | (1.58 | ) | (0.37 | ) | |||||||||||
Redemption fees collected | — | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | |||||||||||
Net asset value, end of year | $ | 12.65 | $ | 11.38 | $ | 20.40 | $ | 21.43 | $ | 17.97 | ||||||||||
Total return (3,4) | 11.16 | % | (40.19 | )% | 8.58 | % | 28.16 | % | 46.00 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, at end of year (000s) | $ | 11,210 | $ | 4,683 | $ | 25,215 | $ | 24,905 | $ | 15,191 | ||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets (including securities sold short and interest expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (6,8) | 3.05 | % (5) | 2.44 | % (5) | 2.17 | % (5) | 2.23 | % | 2.30 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses, after waiver and reimbursement (6,8) | 2.96 | % | 2.43 | % | 2.17 | % | 2.22 | % | 2.30 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (7) | (0.22 | )% | (0.48 | )% | (0.72 | )% | 0.01 | % | 0.55 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 54 | % | 42 | % | 63 | % | 61 | % | 36 | % | ||||||||||
(1) | Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year. |
(2) | Represents less than $0.01 per share. |
(3) | Total returns shown exclude the effect of applicable sales charges and redemption fees and assumes reinvestment of all distributions. |
(4) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and consequently the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions. |
(5) | Represents the ratio of expenses to average net assets absent fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements by the advisor. |
(6) | The ratios of expenses and net investment income/(loss) to average net assets do not reflect the Funds proportionate share of income and expenses of underlying investment companies or REITs in which the Fund invests. |
(7) | Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. |
(8) | Ratios to average net assets (excluding securities sold short and interest expense): |
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement | 1.89 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.78 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses, after waiver and reimbursement | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.78 | % |
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 34 |
Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Year/Period |
Class C | ||||||||||||||||
Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | Period Ended | |||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, |
|||||||||||||
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020* | |||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of year/period | $ | 11.19 | $ | 20.24 | $ | 21.43 | $ | 21.56 | ||||||||
Income/(loss) from investment operations: | ||||||||||||||||
Net investment income/(loss) (1) | (0.12 | ) | (0.11 | ) | (0.25 | ) | 0.00 | (2) | ||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments | 1.28 | (8.05 | ) | 1.72 | 1.40 | |||||||||||
Total income/(loss) from investment operations | 1.16 | (8.16 | ) | 1.47 | 1.40 | |||||||||||
Less distributions from: | ||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||
Net realized gains | — | (0.89 | ) | (2.66 | ) | (1.49 | ) | |||||||||
Total distributions | — | (0.89 | ) | (2.66 | ) | (1.53 | ) | |||||||||
Redemption fees collected | — | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | |||||||||
Net asset value, end of year/period | $ | 12.35 | $ | 11.19 | $ | 20.24 | $ | 21.43 | ||||||||
Total return (3,5) | 10.37 | % | (40.66 | )% | 7.83 | % | 6.61 | % (4) | ||||||||
Net assets, at end of year/period (000s) | $ | 192 | $ | 206 | $ | 84 | $0 (6) | |||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets (including securities sold short and interest expense): | ||||||||||||||||
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (8,11) | 3.63 | % (7) | 3.19 | % (7) | 2.92 | % (7) | 2.98 | % (10) | ||||||||
Expenses, after waiver and reimbursement (8,11) | 3.54 | % | 3.18 | % | 2.92 | % | 2.97 | % (10) | ||||||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (9) | (1.02 | )% | (0.77 | )% | (1.14 | )% | 0.19 | % (10) | ||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 54 | % | 42 | % | 63 | % | 61 | % (4) |
* | Class C commenced operations on December 1, 2020 |
(1) | Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year/period. |
(2) | Represents less than $0.01 per share. |
(3) | Total returns shown exclude the effect of applicable sales charges and redemption fees and assumes reinvestment of all distributions. |
(4) | Not annualized. |
(5) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and consequently the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions. |
(6) | Amount less than 1,000. |
(7) | Represents the ratio of expenses to average net assets absent fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements by the advisor. |
(8) | The ratios of expenses and net investment income (loss) to average net assets do not reflect the Funds proportionate share of income and expenses of underlying investment companies or REITs in which the Fund invests. |
(9) | Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. |
(10) | Annualized. |
(11) | Ratios to average net assets (excluding securities sold short and interest expense): |
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement | 2.64 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.55 | % | 2.56 | % | ||||||||
Expenses, after waiver and reimbursement | 2.55 | % | 2.55 | % | 2.55 | % | 2.55 | % |
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 35 |
Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Year
Class I | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ | 11.52 | $ | 20.59 | $ | 21.55 | $ | 18.08 | $ | 12.64 | ||||||||||
Income/(loss) from investment operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income/(loss) (1) | (0.01 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.10 | ) | 0.05 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments | 1.33 | (8.15 | ) | 1.80 | 5.06 | 5.70 | ||||||||||||||
Total income/(loss) from investment operations | 1.32 | (8.18 | ) | 1.70 | 5.11 | 5.84 | ||||||||||||||
Less distributions from: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | (0.15 | ) | (0.09 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net realized gains | — | (0.89 | ) | (2.66 | ) | (1.49 | ) | (0.31 | ) | |||||||||||
Total distributions | — | (0.89 | ) | (2.66 | ) | (1.64 | ) | (0.40 | ) | |||||||||||
Redemption fees collected | — | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | 0.00 | (2) | |||||||||||
Net asset value, end of year | $ | 12.84 | $ | 11.52 | $ | 20.59 | $ | 21.55 | $ | 18.08 | ||||||||||
Total return (3,4) | 11.46 | % | (40.06 | )% | 8.86 | % | 28.45 | % | 46.34 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, at end of year (000s) | $ | 164,563 | $ | 203,502 | $ | 621,281 | $ | 519,163 | $ | 329,530 | ||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets (including securities sold short and interest expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (6,8) | 2.61 | % (5) | 2.19 | % (5) | 1.92 | % (5) | 1.99 | % | 2.02 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses, after waiver and reimbursement (6,8) | 2.52 | % | 2.18 | % | 1.92 | % | 1.97 | % | 2.02 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (7) | (0.04 | )% | (0.19 | )% | (0.45 | )% | 0.24 | % | 0.83 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 54 | % | 42 | % | 63 | % | 61 | % | 36 | % | ||||||||||
(1) | Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year. |
(2) | Represents less than $0.01 per share. |
(3) | Total returns shown exclude the effect of applicable sales charges and redemption fees and assumes reinvestment of all distributions. |
(4) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and consequently the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions. |
(5) | Represents the ratio of expenses to average net assets absent fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements by the advisor. |
(6) | The ratios of expenses and net investment income (loss) to average net assets do not reflect the Funds proportionate share of income and expenses of underlying investment companies or REITs in which the Fund invests. |
(7) | Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. |
(8) | Ratios to average net assets (excluding securities sold short and interest expense): |
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement | 1.64 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.54 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses, after waiver and reimbursement | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.54 | % |
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 36 |
PRIVACY NOTICE | Rev. April 2021 |
FACTS | WHAT DOES NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION? | |
Why? | Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do. | |
What? | The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include: | |
● Social Security Number
● Assets
● Retirement Assets
● Transaction History
● Checking Account Information
|
● Purchase History
● Account Balances
● Account Transactions
● Wire Transfer Instructions
| |
When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice. | ||
How? | All financial companies need to share customers personal information to run their everyday businesses. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers personal information; the reasons Northern Lights Fund Trust chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing. |
Reasons
we can share your personal information |
Does
Northern Lights Fund Trust share? |
Can
you limit this sharing? |
For
our everyday business purposes Such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus |
Yes | No |
For
our marketing purposes To offer our products and services to you |
No | We dont share |
For joint marketing with other financial companies | No | We dont share |
For
our affiliates everyday business purposes Information about your transactions and experiences |
No | We dont share |
For
our affiliates everyday business purposes Information about your creditworthiness |
No | We dont share |
For non-affiliates to market to you | No | We dont share |
Questions? | Call 1-631-490-4300 |
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 37 |
Who we are | Who
is providing this notice? Northern Lights Fund Trust |
What we do | |
How
does Northern Lights Fund Trust protect my personal information? |
To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.
Our service providers are held accountable for adhering to strict policies and procedures to prevent any misuse of your nonpublic personal information. |
How
does Northern Lights Fund Trust collect my personal information? |
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
● Open an account
● Provide account information
● Give us your contact information
● Make deposits or withdrawals from your account
● Make a wire transfer
● Tell us where to send the money
● Tells us who receives the money
● Show your government-issued ID
● Show your drivers license
We also collect your personal information from other companies. |
Why
cant I limit all sharing? |
Federal law gives you the right to limit only
● Sharing for affiliates everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness
● Affiliates from using your information to market to you
● Sharing for non-affiliates to market to you
State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing. |
Definitions | |
Affiliates | Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies.
● Northern Lights Fund Trust does not share with our affiliates. |
Non-affiliates | Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies
● Northern Lights Fund Trust does not share with non-affiliates so they can market to you. |
Joint marketing | A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.
● Northern Lights Fund Trust doesnt jointly market. |
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 38 |
Appendix
A
Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your Class A shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales charge waivers or CDSC waivers. In all instances, it is the shareholders responsibility to notify the Fund or the shareholders financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. This Appendix will be updated based on information provided by the financial intermediaries. Neither the Fund, the adviser nor the distributor supervises the implementation of financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures nor do they verify the intermediaries administration of such waivers, discounts, policies or procedures.
For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary listed below, shareholders will have to purchase Class A shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive Fund imposed waivers or discounts. Please see How to Purchase Shares: Class A Shares starting on page 23 of this Prospectus for information about such waivers and discounts.
Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., & Raymond James affiliates (Raymond James)
Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this funds prospectus or SAI.
Front-end sales load waivers on Class A shares available at Raymond James
● | Shares purchased in an investment advisory program. |
● | Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family). |
● | Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James. |
● | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). |
● | A shareholder in the Funds Class A shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class I shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James. |
CDSC Waivers on Classes A shares available at Raymond James
● | Death or disability of the shareholder. |
● | Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the funds prospectus. |
● | Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account. |
● | Shares sold as part of a required distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the funds prospectus. |
● | Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James. |
● | Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement. |
Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, and/or rights of accumulation
● | Breakpoints as described in this prospectus. |
● | Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchasers household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the rights of accumulation calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | A-1 |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Adviser | Altegris
Advisors, L.L.C. 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400 La Jolla, CA 92037 |
Distributor | Northern
Lights Distributors, LLC 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100 Elkhorn, NE 68022 |
Independent Registered Public Accountant | Deloitte
& Touche LLP 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1000 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 |
Legal Counsel |
Thompson
Hine LLP 41 South High Street, Suite 1700 Columbus, OH 43215 |
Custodian | JPMorgan
Chase Bank 270 Park Ave. New York, NY 10017 |
Transfer Agent |
Ultimus
Fund Solutions, LLC 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100 Elkhorn, NE 68022 |
Additional information about the Fund is included in the Funds Statement of Additional Information dated April 29, 2024 (the SAI), as supplemented. The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus). The SAI provides more details about the Funds policies and management. Additional information about the Funds investments will also be available in the Funds Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Funds Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year.
To obtain a free copy of the SAI, the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or other information about the Fund, or to make shareholder inquiries about a Fund, please call 1-877-772-5838 or visit www.altegris.com. You may also write to:
ALTEGRIS/AACA OPPORTUNISTIC REAL ESTATE FUND
c/o
Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
P.O. Box 541150
Omaha, NE 68154
or Overnight Mail
4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100
Elkhorn, NE 68022
You
may review and obtain copies of the Funds information at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Please call
1-202-551-8090 for information relating to the operation of the Public Reference Room. Reports and other information about the Fund are
available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the
information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov,
or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Investment Company Act File # 811-21720
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com |
For additional information, visit altegris.com
April 29, 2024
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Class A (RAAAX) | Class C (RAACX) | Class I (RAAIX)
A SERIES OF NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST
Statement of Additional Information
Advised by:
Altegris Advisors, LLC
1200 Prospect, Suite 400
La Jolla, CA 92037
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund (the Fund) dated April 29, 2024. You can obtain copies of the Funds Prospectus, annual or semi-annual reports without charge by contacting the Funds transfer agent, Ultimus Fund Services, LLC, 4221 North 203rd, Suite 100, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022 or by calling 1.877.772.5838. You may also obtain a Prospectus by visiting the Funds website at www.altegris.com.
TABLE OF CONTENTS | |
THE FUND | 1 |
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS | 2 |
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS | 22 |
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 24 |
MANAGEMENT | 26 |
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS | 32 |
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISER | 34 |
THE DISTRIBUTOR | 37 |
CO-PORTFOLIO MANAGERS | 42 |
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE | 44 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS | 44 |
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES | 46 |
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM | 47 |
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES | 47 |
TAX STATUS | 52 |
OTHER REPORTING AND WITHHOLDING REQUIREMENTS | 54 |
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | 57 |
LEGAL COUNSEL | 57 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 57 |
Appendix A: PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES | 58 |
THE FUND
The Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund (the Fund), a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on January 19, 2005 (the Trust). The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the Board or Trustees ).
The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of the Fund have equal rights and privileges. Each share of a Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each share of a Fund is entitled to participate equally, on a class-specific basis, with other shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by a Fund and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares of the Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.
The Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund is a non-diversified series of the Trust. The Funds investment objective, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus. The Board may add classes to a Fund, start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time.
This SAI describes the classes of shares offered by the Fund: Class A shares, Class C shares and Class I shares. Class C Shares of the Fund commenced operations on December 1, 2020. Each share class represents an interest in the same assets of a Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all material respects except that (i) each class of shares may be subject to different (or no) sales loads; (ii) each class of shares may bear different (or no) distribution fees; (iii) each class of shares may have different shareholder features, such as minimum investment amounts; (iv) certain other class-specific expenses will be borne solely by the class to which such expenses are attributable, including transfer agent fees attributable to a specific class of shares, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials to current shareholders of a specific class, registration fees paid by a specific class of shares, the expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a class of shares, Trustees fees or expenses paid as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares and accounting fees and expenses relating to a specific class of shares; and (v) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to its own distribution arrangements. The Board of Trustees may classify and reclassify the shares of the Fund into additional classes of shares at a future date.
Under the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal. Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders. As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.
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TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
The investment objective of the Fund and the descriptions of the Funds principal investment strategies are set forth under Additional Information about Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks in the Prospectus. A Funds investment objective(s) is not fundamental and may be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the Fund may invest, the strategies which Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. (the Adviser) may employ for the Fund, and a summary of related risks. They also contain descriptions of the strategies pursued by the sub-adviser American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC (Sub-Adviser or AACA).
Equity Securities
Equity securities in which the Fund may invest include preferred stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions. Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.
Common Stock
Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a companys stock price.
Preferred Stock
The Fund may invest in preferred stock with no minimum credit rating. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the markets perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a companys worth.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities with no minimum credit rating. Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuers underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of usable bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuers capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion
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feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible securitys underlying common stock.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
The Fund may invest in securities of real estate investment trusts (REITs). REITs are publicly traded corporations or trusts that specialize in acquiring, holding and managing residential, commercial or industrial real estate. A REIT is not taxed at the entity level on income distributed to its shareholders or unitholders if it distributes to shareholders or unitholders at least 95% of its taxable income for each taxable year and complies with regulatory requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets and income.
REITs generally can be classified as Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. An Equity REIT invests the majority of its assets directly in real property and derives its income primarily from rents and from capital gains on real estate appreciation, which are realized through property sales. A Mortgage REIT invests the majority of its assets in real estate mortgage loans and services its income primarily from interest payments. A Hybrid REIT combines the characteristics of an Equity REIT and a Mortgage REIT. Although the Fund can invest in all three kinds of REITs, its emphasis is expected to be on investments in Equity REITs.
Investments in the real estate industry involve particular risks. The real estate industry has been subject to substantial fluctuations and declines on a local, regional and national basis in the past and may continue to be in the future. Real property values and income from real property continue to be in the future. Real property values and income from real property may decline due to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhoods and in demographics, increases in market interest rates, or other factors. Factors such as these may adversely affect companies that own and operate real estate directly, companies that lend to such companies, and companies that service the real estate industry.
Investments in REITs also involve risks. Equity REITs will be affected by changes in the values of and income from the properties they own, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the credit quality of the mortgage loans they hold. In addition, REITs are dependent on specialized management skills and on their ability to generate cash flow for operating purposes and to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders REITs may have limited diversification and are subject to risks associated with obtaining financing for real property, as well as to the risk of self-liquidation. REITs also can be adversely affected by their failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through treatment of their income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or their failure to maintain an exemption from registration under the 1940 Act. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder bears not only a proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also may indirectly bear similar expenses of some of the REITs in which it invests.
Warrants
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrants exercise price during the life of the warrant. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.
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Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Many of the risks described below regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.
Foreign Securities
General
Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There also may be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of a Fund held in foreign countries. Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations. The Fund may also invest in exchange traded funds (ETFs) and other investment companies that hold a portfolio of foreign securities.
To the extent a Funds currency exchange transactions do not fully protect the Fund against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Funds assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Funds assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
Emerging Markets Securities
Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by a Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing
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and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security. The Fund may also purchase ETFs and other funds that invest in emerging market securities.
Foreign Currency Risk
Currency trading involves significant risks, including market risk, interest rate risk, country risk, counterparty credit risk and short sale risk. Market risk results from the price movement of foreign currency values in response to shifting market supply and demand. Since exchange rate changes can readily move in one direction, a currency position carried overnight or over a number of days may involve greater risk than one carried a few minutes or hours. Interest rate risk arises whenever a country changes its stated interest rate target associated with its currency. Country risk arises because virtually every country has interfered with international transactions in its currency. Interference has taken the form of regulation of the local exchange market, restrictions on foreign investment by residents or limits on inflows of investment funds from abroad. Restrictions on the exchange market or on international transactions are intended to affect the level or movement of the exchange rate. This risk could include the country issuing a new currency, effectively making the old currency worthless.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers Acceptances
The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments.
Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then accepted by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Commercial Paper
The Fund may purchase commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. It may be secured by letters of credit, a surety bond or other forms of collateral. Commercial paper is usually repaid at maturity by the issuer from the proceeds of the issuance of new commercial paper. As a result, investment in commercial paper is subject to the risk the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity in certain circumstances. Like all fixed income securities, commercial paper prices are susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates. If interest rates rise, commercial paper prices will decline. The short-term nature of a commercial paper investment makes it less susceptible to interest rate risk than many other fixed income securities because interest rate risk typically increases as maturity lengths increase. Commercial paper tends to yield smaller returns than longer-term corporate debt because securities with shorter maturities typically have lower effective yields than those with longer maturities. As with all fixed income securities, there is a chance that the issuer will default on its commercial paper obligation.
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Information on Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes
The Fund may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties.
Time deposits are issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the depositor on the date specified with respect to the deposit. Time deposits do not trade in the secondary market prior to maturity. However, some time deposits may be redeemable prior to maturity and may be subject to withdrawal penalties.
The commercial paper obligations which the Fund may buy are unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a Master Note) permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Fund as Lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to the Funds investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.
Insured Bank Obligations
The Fund may invest in insured bank obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as banks) up to $250,000. The Fund may purchase bank obligations which are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability.
Borrowing
The Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, but provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Funds total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Funds total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
However, as described above, the Fund may enter into many different types of transactions, including for example reverse repurchase agreements or mortgage dollar rolls, that can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing or of a financing transaction by the Fund (i.e., a senior security), but to the extent the Fund covers its commitment under such transactions by the segregation or earmarking of assets (determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees), equal in value to the amount of the Funds commitment, such a transaction will not be considered a senior security by the Fund and therefore will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Fund.
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Derivative Instruments
The Fund expect to use a number of derivative instruments as part of their investment strategies. Generally, a derivative is a financial contract whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities and related indexes. The Adviser / Sub-Adviser may decide not to employ any of these strategies and there is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a Fund will succeed. Examples of derivative instruments that the Fund may use include (but are not limited to) futures contracts, options contracts, swap transactions and forward currency contracts. Derivatives involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisers or Sub Advisers view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of derivatives could result in significantly greater losses than if they had not been used. Recently, several broker-dealers and other financial institutions have experienced extreme financial difficulty, sometimes resulting in the bankruptcy of the institution. There can be no assurance that the Funds counterparties will not experience similar difficulties, possibly resulting in losses to the Fund. Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce the Funds NAV, and possibly income, and the losses may be significantly greater than if derivatives had not been used. When used, derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxable distributions paid to shareholders.
Forward Trading
The Fund may trade in spot and forward contracts on currencies. The trading of over-the-counter instruments, subjects the Fund to a variety of risks including: 1) counterparty risk; 2) basis risk; 3) interest rate risk; 4) settlement risk; 5) legal risk; and 6) operational risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the Funds counterparties might default on their obligation to pay or perform generally on their obligations. The over-the-counter markets and some foreign markets are principals markets. That means that performance of the contract is the responsibility only of the individual firm or member on the other side of the trade and not any exchange or clearing corporation. Such counterparty risk is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. Basis risk is the risk attributable to the movements in the spread between the derivative contract price and the future price of the underlying instrument. Interest rate risk is the general risk associated with movements in interest rates. Settlement risk is the risk that a settlement in a transfer system does not take place as expected. Legal risk is the risk that a transaction proves unenforceable in law or because it has been inadequately documented. Operational risk is the risk of unexpected losses arising from deficiencies in a firms management information, support and control systems and procedures. Transactions in over-the-counter derivatives may involve other risks as well, as there is no exchange market on which to close out an open position. It may be impossible to liquidate an existing position, to assess the value of a position or to assess the exposure to risk.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in investment companies such as open-end funds (mutual funds), closed-end funds, and exchange traded funds (also referred to as Underlying Funds). The 1940 Act provides that the mutual funds may not: (1) purchase more than 3% of an investment companys outstanding shares; (2) invest more than 5% of its assets in any single such investment company (the 5% Limitation), and (3) invest more than 10% of its assets in investment companies overall (the 10% Limitation), unless: (i) the underlying investment company and/or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the SEC; and (ii) the underlying investment company and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order.
The Fund may exceed these statutory limits when permitted by SEC order or other applicable law or regulatory guidance, such as is the case with many ETFs. The SEC recently adopted certain regulatory changes and took other actions related to the ability of an investment company to invest in the securities of another investment company. These changes include, among other things, the rescission of certain SEC exemptive orders permitting investments in excess of the statutory limits and the withdrawal of certain related SEC staff no-action letters, and the adoption of Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act. Rule 12d1-4 permits the Fund to invest in other investment companies beyond the statutory
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limits, subject to certain conditions. The rescission of the applicable exemptive orders and the withdrawal of the applicable no-action letters is effective on January 19, 2022. After such time, an investment company will no longer be able to rely on the aforementioned exemptive orders and no-action letters, and will be subject instead to Rule 12d1-4 and other applicable rules under Section 12(d)(1).
In addition, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the provisions of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund has not, and is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price which includes a sales load of more than 1 ½% percent. An investment company that issues shares to the Fund pursuant to paragraph 12(d)(1)(F) shall not be required to redeem its shares in an amount exceeding 1% of such investment companys total outstanding shares in any period of less than thirty days. The Fund (or the Adviser acting on behalf of the Fund) must comply with the following voting restrictions: when the Fund exercises voting rights, by proxy or otherwise, with respect to investment companies owned by the Fund, the Fund will either seek instruction from the Funds shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies and vote in accordance with such instructions, or vote the shares held by the Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such security.
Further, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% Limitation and the 10% Limitation pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F), provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by the FINRA for funds of funds.
Under certain circumstances an Underlying Fund may determine to make payment of a redemption by the Fund wholly or partly by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the SEC. In such cases, the Fund may hold securities distributed by an Underlying Fund until the Adviser determines that it is appropriate to dispose of such securities.
Investment decisions by the investment advisors of the Underlying Funds are made independently of the Fund and the Adviser. Therefore, the investment advisor of one Underlying Fund may be purchasing shares of the same issuer whose shares are being sold by the investment advisor of another such fund. The result would be an indirect expense to the Fund without accomplishing any investment purpose. Because other investment companies employ an investment adviser, such investments by the Fund may cause shareholders to bear duplicate fees.
Closed-End Investment Companies. The Fund may invest its assets in closed-end investment companies (or closed-end funds), subject to the investment restrictions set forth above. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% or 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ and, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as the Fund), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.
The Fund generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. The Fund will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses the Fund would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. The Fund may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser, based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end funds proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if the Fund purchased such securities in the secondary market.
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The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share that is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the market discount of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value but rather are subject to the principles of supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.
The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Funds shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund.
Closed-end funds may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end funds common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end funds common shareholders. The Funds investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
Exchange Traded Funds. ETFs are passive funds that track their related index and have the flexibility of trading like a security. They are managed by professionals and provide the investor with diversification, cost and tax efficiency, liquidity, marginability, are useful for hedging, have the ability to go long and short, and some provide quarterly dividends. Additionally, some ETFs are unit investment trusts (UITs), which are unmanaged portfolios overseen by trustees. ETFs generally have two markets. The primary market is where institutions swap creation units in block-multiples of 50,000 shares for in-kind securities and cash in the form of dividends. The secondary market is where individual investors can trade as little as a single share during trading hours on the exchange. This is different from open-ended mutual funds that are traded after hours once the net asset value (NAV) is calculated. ETFs share many similar risks with open-end and closed-end funds.
There is a risk that an ETF in which the Fund invests may terminate due to extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs, such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Fund intends to principally invest may be granted licenses by agreement to use the indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may terminate if its entire net asset value falls below a certain amount. Although the Fund believes that, in the event of the termination of an underlying ETF, it will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate ETF tracking the same market index or another market index with the same general market, there is no guarantee that shares of an alternate ETF would be available for investment at that time. To the extent the Fund invests in a sector product, the Fund is subject to the risks associated with that sector.
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Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and Special Purpose Acquisition Corporations (SPACs)
The Fund may invest in IPOs, including the purchase of shares in IPOs of SPACs, and in companies (including SPACs) that have recently completed an IPO. SPACs are companies that may be unseasoned and lack a trading or operational history, a track record of reporting to investors, and widely available research coverage. IPOs are often subject to extreme price volatility and speculative trading. These stocks may have above-average price appreciation in connection with the IPO. In addition, IPOs may share similar illiquidity risks of private equity and venture capital. The free float shares held by the public in an IPO are typically a small percentage of the market capitalization. The ownership of many IPOs often includes large holdings by venture capital and private equity investors who seek to sell their shares in the public market in the months following an IPO when shares restricted by lock-up are released, causing greater volatility and possible downward pressure during the time that locked-up shares are released. Public stockholders of SPACs may not be afforded a meaningful opportunity to vote on a proposed initial business combination because certain stockholders, including stockholders affiliated with the management of the SPAC, may have sufficient voting power, and a financial incentive, to approve such a transaction without support from public stockholders. As a result, a SPAC may complete a business combination even though a majority of its public stockholders do not support such a combination.
High Yield Securities
The Fund may invest in high yield securities. High yield, high risk bonds are securities that are generally rated below investment grade by the primary rating agencies (BB+ or lower by S&P and Ba1 or lower by Moodys). Other terms used to describe such securities include lower-rated bonds, non-investment grade bonds, below investment grade bonds, and junk bonds. These securities are considered to be high-risk investments. The risks include the following:
Greater Risk of Loss. These securities are regarded as predominately speculative. There is a greater risk that issuers of lower-rated securities will default than issuers of higher-rated securities. Issuers of lower-rated securities generally are less creditworthy and may be highly indebted, financially distressed, or bankrupt. These issuers are more vulnerable to real or perceived economic changes, political changes or adverse industry developments. In addition, high yield securities are frequently subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. If an issuer fails to pay principal or interest, the Fund would experience a decrease in income and a decline in the market value of its investments.
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. The income and market value of lower-rated securities may fluctuate more than higher-rated securities. Although non-investment grade securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment grade securities, non-investment grade securities are more sensitive to short-term corporate, economic and market developments. During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the investments in lower-rated securities may be volatile. The default rate for high yield bonds tends to be cyclical, with defaults rising in periods of economic downturn.
Valuation Difficulties. It is often more difficult to value lower-rated securities than higher-rated securities. If an issuers financial condition deteriorates, accurate financial and business information may be limited or unavailable. In addition, the lower-rated investments may be thinly traded and there may be no established secondary market. Because of the lack of market pricing and current information for investments in lower-rated securities, valuation of such investments is much more dependent on judgment than is the case with higher-rated securities.
Liquidity. There may be no established secondary or public market for investments in lower-rated securities. Such securities are frequently traded in markets that may be relatively less liquid than the market for higher-rated securities. In addition, relatively few institutional purchasers may hold a major portion of an issue of lower-rated securities at times. As a result, the Fund may be required to sell investments at substantial losses or retain them indefinitely when an issuers financial condition is deteriorating.
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Credit Quality. Credit quality of non-investment grade securities can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and even recently-issued credit ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a particular high-yield security.
New Legislation. Future legislation may have a possible negative impact on the market for high yield, high risk bonds. As an example, in the late 1980s, legislation required federally-insured savings and loan associations to divest their investments in high yield, high risk bonds. New legislation, if enacted, could have a material negative effect on the Funds investments in lower-rated securities.
High yield, high risk investments may include the following:
Straight fixed-income debt securities. These include bonds and other debt obligations that bear a fixed or variable rate of interest payable at regular intervals and have a fixed or resettable maturity date. The particular terms of such securities vary and may include features such as call provisions and sinking funds.
Zero-coupon debt securities. These do not pay periodic interest but are issued at a discount from their value at maturity. When held to maturity, their entire return equals the difference between their issue price and their maturity value.
Zero-fixed-coupon debt securities. These are zero-coupon debt securities that convert on a specified date to periodic interest-paying debt securities.
Pay-in-kind bonds. These are bonds which allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds. These bonds are typically sold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act ), usually to a relatively small number of institutional investors.
Convertible Securities. These are bonds or preferred stock that may be converted to common stock.
Preferred Stock. These are stocks that generally pay a dividend at a specified rate and have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and in liquidation.
Loan Participations and Assignments. These are participations in, or assignments of all or a portion of loans to corporations or to governments, including governments of less developed countries.
Securities issued in connection with Reorganizations and Corporate Restructurings. In connection with reorganizing or restructuring of an issuer, an issuer may issue common stock or other securities to holders of its debt securities. The Fund may hold such common stock and other securities even if it does not invest in such securities.
Municipal Government Obligations
In general, municipal obligations are debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States (including the District of Columbia) and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities. Municipal obligations generally include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Certain types of municipal obligations are issued in whole or in part to obtain funding for privately operated facilities or projects. Municipal obligations include general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, industrial development bonds, notes and municipal lease obligations. Municipal obligations also include additional obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax, that may become available in the future as long as the Board determines that an investment in any such type of obligation is consistent with the Funds investment objectives. Municipal obligations may be fully or partially backed by local government, the credit of a private issuer, current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or domestic or foreign entities providing credit support such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance.
Bonds and Notes. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuers pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and principal. Revenue bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a project or
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facility or from the proceeds of a specified revenue source. Industrial development bonds are generally revenue bonds secured by payments from and the credit of private users. Municipal notes are issued to meet the short-term funding requirements of state, regional and local governments. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, construction loan notes, short-term discount notes, tax-exempt commercial paper, demand notes and similar instruments.
Municipal Lease Obligations. Municipal lease obligations may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase or a conditional sales contract. They are issued by state and local governments and authorities to acquire land, equipment and facilities, such as vehicles, telecommunications and computer equipment and other capital assets. The Fund may invest in funds that purchase these lease obligations directly, or it may purchase participation interests in such lease obligations. States have different requirements for issuing municipal debt and issuing municipal leases. Municipal leases are generally subject to greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds because they usually contain a non-appropriation clause, which provides that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each year. Such non-appropriation clauses are required to avoid the municipal lease obligations from being treated as debt for state debt restriction purposes. Accordingly, such obligations are subject to non-appropriation risk. Municipal leases may be secured by the underlying capital asset and it may be difficult to dispose of any such asset in the event of non-appropriation or other default.
United States Government Obligations
These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds. Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. The Fund may also invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). TIPS are special types of treasury bonds that were created in order to offer bond investors protection from inflation. The values of the TIPS are automatically adjusted to the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). If the CPI goes up by half a percent, the value of the bond (the TIPS) would also go up by half a percent. If the CPI falls, the value of the bond does not fall because the government guarantees that the original investment will stay the same. TIPS decline in value when real interest rates rise. However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIPS may experience greater losses than other fixed-income securities with similar duration.
United States Government Agencies
These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae or GNMA), Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac or FHLMC), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae or FNMA) and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agencys or instrumentalitys right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., Fannie Mae Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agencys or instrumentalitys own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association). On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (the FHFA) announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed into conservatorship, a statutory process designed to stabilize a troubled institution with the objective of returning the entity to normal business operations. The U.S. Treasury Department and the FHFA at the same time established a secured lending facility and a Secured Stock Purchase Agreement with both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure that each entity had the ability to fulfill its financial obligations. The FHFA announced that it does not anticipate any disruption in pattern of payments or ongoing business operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
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Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (PCs), which represent interests in conventional mortgages from Freddie Macs national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities
Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a pass-through of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities weighted average life. Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae) are described as modified pass-through securities. These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is Ginnie Mae. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A pool or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by Ginnie Mae, is offered to investors through securities dealers.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage pass-through securities.
Resets. The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities (ARMs) in which the Fund may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a
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calculated measure, such as a cost-of-funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Funds, the one-month or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.
Caps and Floors. The underlying mortgages that collateralize the ARMs in which the Fund may invest will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down: (1) per reset or adjustment interval, and (2) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrowers monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization. The value of mortgage securities in which the Fund invests may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans. Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Fund invests to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.
Private Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Private mortgage pass-through securities are structured similarly to the Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through securities and are issued by United States and foreign private issuers such as originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. These securities usually are backed by a pool of conventional fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Since private mortgage pass-through securities typically are not guaranteed by an entity having the credit status of Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, such securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit enhancement.
Mortgage assets often consist of a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. There are usually fewer properties in a pool of assets backing commercial mortgage-backed securities than in a pool of assets backing residential mortgage-backed securities; hence they may be more sensitive to the performance of fewer mortgage assets. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, those securities may contain elements of credit support, which fall into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. This protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in a security. The Fund will not pay any fees for credit support, although the existence of credit support may increase the price of a security.
Stripped Mortgage Securities. Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by federal agencies, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.
Stripped mortgage securities usually are structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distribution of a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of stripped mortgage security will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or
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PO class). PO classes generate income through the accretion of the deep discount at which such securities are purchased, and, while PO classes do not receive periodic payments of interest, they receive monthly payments associated with scheduled amortization and principal prepayment from the mortgage assets underlying the PO class. The yield to maturity on a PO or an IO class security is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets. A slower than expected rate of principal payments may have an adverse effect on a PO-class securitys yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience slower than anticipated principal repayment, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on an IO-class securitys yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities.
The Fund may purchase stripped mortgage securities for income, or for hedging purposes to protect the Funds portfolio against interest rate fluctuations. For example, since an IO class will tend to increase in value as interest rates rise, it may be utilized to hedge against a decrease in value of other fixed-income securities in a rising interest rate environment.
Inverse Floaters. Inverse floaters constitute a class of mortgage-backed securities with a coupon rate that moves inversely to a designated index, such as LIBOR or 11th District Cost of Funds Index (COFI). Inverse floaters have coupon rates that typically change at a multiple of the changes of the relevant index rate. Any rise in the index rate (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate on an inverse floater while any drop in the index rate causes an increase in the coupon rate of an inverse floater. In some circumstances, the coupon on an inverse floater could decrease to zero. In addition, like most other fixed-income securities, the value of inverse floaters will decrease as interest rates increase and their average lives will extend. Inverse floaters exhibit greater price volatility than the majority of mortgage-backed securities. In addition, some inverse floaters display extreme sensitivity to changes in prepayments. As a result, the yield to maturity of an inverse floater is sensitive not only to changes in interest rates but also to changes in prepayment rates on the related underlying mortgage assets. As described above, inverse floaters may be used alone or in tandem with interest-only stripped mortgage instruments.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls. The Fund may enter into mortgage dollar rolls with a bank or a broker-dealer. A mortgage dollar roll is a transaction in which a fund sells mortgage-related securities for immediate settlement and simultaneously purchases the same type of securities for forward settlement at a discount. While the fund begins accruing interest on the newly purchased securities from the purchase or trade date, it is able to invest the proceeds from the sale of its previously owned securities, which will be used to pay for the new securities, in money market investments until a future settlement date. The use of mortgage dollar rolls is a speculative technique involving leverage, and is considered to be a form of borrowing by the Fund.
Securities Options
The Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
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Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks. The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poors 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poors 100®. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Pacific Stock Exchange and NASDAQ PHLX.
The Funds obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Funds execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will have paid a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument or liquidate the assets held in a segregated account, as described below, until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If the Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by the Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by the Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Certain Risks Regarding Options
There are several risks associated with transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although
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outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Successful use by the Fund of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the Adviser (or Sub-Adviser) to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. In addition, the funds ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Fund. Inasmuch as the Funds securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and the Funds securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by the Fund.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.
There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, the Fund may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Cover for Options Positions
Transactions using options (other than options that a Fund has purchased) expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. The Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless such Fund owns either (i) an offsetting (covered) position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above.
Options on Futures Contracts
The Fund may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writers futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
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Dealer Options
The Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer option, it may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund.
The staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Funds limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.
Spread Transactions
The Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high-quality and lower-quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.
Credit Default Swaps
The Fund may enter into credit default swaps. In a credit default swap, one party makes a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of a default by a third party, typically an emerging country, on its obligation. The Fund may use credit default swaps to provide a measure of protection against defaults of sovereign issuers (i.e., to reduce risk where the Fund owns or has exposure to the sovereign issuer) and may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of a particular issuers default. In connection with these agreements, cash or liquid securities may be set aside as collateral by the Funds custodian in accordance with the terms of the swap agreement. The Fund earns interest on cash set aside as collateral. Swaps are marked to market daily based upon quotations from market makers and the change in value, if any, is recorded as unrealized gain or loss. These financial instruments are not actively traded on financial markets. The values assigned to these instruments are based upon the best available information and because of the uncertainty of the valuation, these values may differ significantly from the values that would have been realized had a ready market for these instruments existed, and the differences could be material. Payments received or made at the end of the measurement period are recorded as realized gain or loss. Entering into these agreements involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit, market, and documentation risk. Such risks involve the possibility that there will be no
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liquid market for these agreements, that the counterparty to the agreements may default on its obligation to perform or disagree as to the meaning of contractual terms in the agreements, and that there may be unfavorable changes in interest rates.
Over-the-Counter Instruments
The trading of over-the-counter instruments subjects a Fund to a variety of risks including: (1) counterparty risk; (2) basis risk; (3) interest rate risk; (4) settlement risk; (5) legal risk; and (6) operational risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the Funds counterparties might default on their obligation to pay or perform generally on their obligations. The over-the-counter markets and some foreign markets are principals markets. That means that performance of the contract is the responsibility only of the individual firm or member on the other side of the trade and not any exchange or clearing corporation. Such counterparty risk is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. Basis risk is the risk attributable to the movements in the spread between the derivative contract price and the future price of the underlying instrument. Interest rate risk is the general risk associated with movements in interest rates. Settlement risk is the risk that a settlement in a transfer system does not take place as expected. Legal risk is the risk that a transaction proves unenforceable in law or because it has been inadequately documented. Operational risk is the risk of unexpected losses arising from deficiencies in a firms management information, support and control systems and procedures. Transactions in over-the-counter derivatives may involve other risks as well, as there is no exchange market on which to close out an open position. It may be impossible to liquidate an existing position, to assess the value of a position or to assess the exposure to risk.
When Issued, Forward Commitment and Delayed Settlement Purchases
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When a Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of a Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.
Risk of Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives
It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment goals. For example, some legislative and regulatory proposals, such as those in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act ) (which was passed into law in July 2010), and related regulatory developments, will require the clearing and exchange-trading of many standardized OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC, recently have defined as swaps. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing will take place on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC approval of contracts for clearing. Additionally, these regulatory changes would upon implementation impose limits on the maximum position that could be held by a single trader in certain contracts and would subject some derivatives transactions to new forms of regulation that could create barriers to some types of investment activity. Other provisions would require many swaps to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on dealers that enter into swaps with a pension plan, endowment, retirement plan or government entity, and require banks to move some derivatives trading units to a
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non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. While many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act must be implemented through future rulemaking, and any regulatory or legislative activity may not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, it is possible that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective.
Sub-Adviser Risks
If the Sub-Adviser manages more money in the future, including money raised in this offering, such additional funds could affect its performance or trading strategies. Also, the Sub-Adviser manages other accounts. This increases the competition for the same trades which the relevant Fund makes. There is no assurance that the Funds trading will generate the same results as any other accounts managed by the Sub-Adviser.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, an investor (such as the Fund) purchases a security (known as the underlying security) from a securities dealer or bank. Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to the Fund on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities. Repurchase agreements must be fully collateralized, in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price. Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.
Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by the Fund to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses. These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Fund is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Fund may each invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.
Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. The Fund might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. The Fund might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader
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institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a safe harbor from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A and the PORTAL Alliance have produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities. The PORTAL Alliance is an open, industry-wide platform to facilitate over-the-counter trading of 144A equity securities and is intended to enhance the liquidity and transparency of 144A equity securities by creating a source for indicative quotes, trade reporting and issuer information for 144A equity securities.
Under guidelines adopted by the Board, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs) or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser determines that it is of equivalent quality.
Rule 144A securities and Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Adviser (or Sub-Adviser) to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Funds assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.
Lending Portfolio Securities
For the purpose of achieving income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned; (2) the Fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned; (3) the Fund will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities; and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the Fund.
Short Sales
The Fund may sell securities short as an outright investment strategy and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.
When the Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling
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may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
To the extent the Fund sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities. This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Funds engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff;
2. Borrow money, except (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Funds total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that the Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions;
3. Purchase securities on margin, participate on a joint or joint and several basis in any securities trading account, or underwrite securities. (Does not preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities, and except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities);
4. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate. This limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts);
5. Invest 25% or more of the market value of its assets in the securities of companies engaged in any one industry (except the real estate industry in the case of the Fund). This limitation does not apply to investment in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The Fund takes the position that mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities, whether government-issued or privately issued do not represent interests in any particular industry or group of industries, and therefore the 25% concentration restrictions noted above do not apply to such securities. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest over 25% of its assets in the securities of companies in the real estate industry.
6. Purchase or sell commodities (unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments) or commodity futures contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options to the fullest extent permitted under the 1940 Act, sell foreign currency contracts in accordance with any rules of the CFTC, invest in securities or other instruments backed by commodities, and invest in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities; or
7. Make loans to others, except (a) through the purchase of debt securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (b) to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan; and (c) by loaning portfolio securities.
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The Fund observes the following policies, which are not deemed fundamental and which may be changed without shareholder vote. The Fund may not:
1. Invest in any issuer for purposes of exercising control or management;
2. Invest in securities of other investment companies except as permitted under the 1940 Act;
3. Invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities which are not readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days to maturity However, if more than 15% of Fund assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) are illiquid, the Funds investment adviser(s) will reduce illiquid assets such that they do not represent more than 15% of Fund assets, subject to timing and other considerations which are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders;
4. Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in fundamental limitation (2) on the prior page. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation; or
5. 80% Investment Policy. The Fund has adopted an 80% investment policy to invest at least 80% of its assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in equity securities of real estate companies and real estate related companies, as defined in its then-current Prospectus, under normal market conditions. Shareholders will be provided with at least 60 days prior notice of any change in a Funds 80% investment policy. The notice will be provided in a separate written document containing the following, or similar, statement, in boldface type: Important Notice Regarding Change in Investment Policy. The statement will also appear on the envelope in which the notice is delivered, unless the notice is delivered separately from other communications to the shareholder.
If a restriction on the Funds investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of Fund assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in average duration of the Funds investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of the Funds total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.
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POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Funds portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Funds shareholders.
It is the Trusts policy to: (1) ensure that any disclosure of portfolio holdings information is in the best interest of shareholders; (2) protect the confidentiality of portfolio holdings information; (3) have procedures in place to guard against personal trading based on the information; and (4) ensure that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information does not create conflicts between the interests of the Trusts shareholders and those of the Trusts affiliates.
The Fund may, from time-to-time, make available month-end portfolio holdings information on the website www.altegris.com, including as applicable, information about the Funds portfolio holdings, investments in Other Investment Companies, securities issued by Underlying Pools, swaps and structured notes, as well as the alternative investment managers accessed through such investments, to the extent applicable. If month-end portfolio holdings are posted to the website, they are expected to be approximately 30 days old and remain available until new information for the next month is posted. Shareholders may request portfolio holdings schedules at no charge by calling 1-877-772-5838. The Adviser may also make available certain information about the Funds portfolio prior to the public dissemination of portfolio holdings, including, but not limited to, a Funds portfolio characteristics data; currency and sector exposures; a Funds asset class and instrument exposures; and a Funds performance attribution, by posting such information on the website www.altegris.com or upon reasonable request made to the Fund or the Adviser.
The Fund discloses their portfolio holdings by mailing the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period. In addition, the Fund discloses their portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-PORT two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period. The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for monitoring disclosures of Fund holdings.
The Fund may choose to make portfolio holdings information available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg earlier and more frequently on a confidential basis.
Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Funds portfolio holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N-PORT. In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential and to not trade on any material non-public information.
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser
Personnel of the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, including personnel responsible for managing the Funds portfolio, may have full daily access to all or a portion of the Funds portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for the Adviser and Sub-Adviser to provide their management, administrative, and investment services to the Fund. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, Adviser personnel and Sub-Adviser personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.
Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant, administrator and custody administrator for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Funds portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
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JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Funds portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Deloitte & Touche LLP is the Funds independent registered public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Funds portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Funds annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
NAV Consulting, Inc.
NAV Consulting, Inc. provides account reconciliation services to the Adviser; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the portfolio holdings of the Funds, because that information is necessary in order for NAV Consulting, Inc. to provide the agreed-upon services.
Thompson Hine LLP
Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Trust; therefore, its personnel have access to the Funds portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
Counsel to Independent Trustees
Counsel to the Independent Trustees and its personnel have access to the Funds portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
Derivatives Risk Consultant
The Trust has engaged a derivatives risk consultant (Consultant) to consult with the Board, and the Adviser, regarding the effectiveness of derivatives risk management. The Consultant therefore may have access to the Funds portfolio holdings in order to provide such services to the Trust.
Additions to List of Approved Recipients
The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of a Funds portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential and to not trade on any material non-public information. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Funds portfolio holdings.
Compliance with Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures
The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to the Funds compliance with the Trusts portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
There is no assurance that the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.
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MANAGEMENT
The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trusts By-laws (the Governing Documents), which have been filed with the SEC and are available upon request. The Board consists of six (6) individuals of whom are not interested persons (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser (Independent Trustees). Pursuant to the Governing Documents, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trusts purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
Board Leadership Structure
The Trust is led by Anthony Hertl, an Independent Trustee, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since July 2013. The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Hertl and five (5) additional Independent Trustees. Additionally, under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at Board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for Board meetings and (ii) providing information to Board members in advance of each Board meeting and between Board meetings. Generally, the Trust believes it best to have a non-executive Chairman of the Board, who together with the President (principal executive officer), are seen by its shareholders, business partners and other stakeholders as providing strong leadership. The Trust believes that its Chairman, the independent chair of the Audit Committee, and, as an entity, the full Board of Trustees, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust, its Funds and each shareholder.
Board Risk Oversight
The Board of Trustees has a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair, Mark H. Taylor. The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its Chief Compliance Officer at quarterly meetings and on an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary. The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities. Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the Chief Compliance Officer is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information.
Trustee Qualifications
Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills.
Anthony J. Hertl has over 20 years of business experience in the financial services industry and related fields including serving as chair of the finance committee for the Borough of Interlaken, New Jersey and Vice President-Finance and Administration of Marymount College, holds a Certified Public Accountant designation, serves or has served as a member of other mutual fund boards outside of the group of Funds managed by the Adviser (the Fund Complex) and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other fund boards.
Gary W. Lanzen has over 20 years of business experience in the financial services industry, holds a Masters degree in Education Administration, is a Certified Financial Planner, serves as a member of two other mutual fund
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boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards.
Mark H. Taylor holds PhD, Masters and Bachelors degrees in Accountancy, is a licensed Certified Public Accountant and has over 30 years of academic and professional experience in the accounting and auditing fields, all of which make him particularly qualified to chair the Trusts Audit Committee. Dr. Taylor is the Director of the Lynn Pippenger School of Accountancy at the Muma College of Business at the University of South Florida and is serving a three-year term as President of the American Accounting Association (AAA) commencing August 2022 (President-Elect 2022-2023, President 2023-2024; Past President 2024-2025). Dr. Taylor previously served as AAA Vice President-Finance, and as President of the Auditing Section of the AAA. Dr. Taylor serves as a member of three other mutual fund boards within the Northern Lights Fund Complex. He served a three-year term on the AICPAs Auditing Standards Board (2010-2012) and previously completed a fellowship in the Professional Practice Group of the Office of the Chief Accountant at the headquarters of the United States Securities Exchange Commission. Dr. Taylor is a member of two research teams that have received grants from the Center for Audit Quality to study how accounting firms tone-at-the top messaging impacts audit performance and how auditors manage the process of auditing fair value measurements and other complex estimates in financial statements. Dr. Taylor has published extensively in leading academic accounting journals, has teaching interests in corporate governance and accounting policy as well as auditing and assurance services at the graduate and undergraduate levels, and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies operate.
John V. Palancia has over 30 years of business experience in financial services industry including serving as the Director of Futures Operations for Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. (Merrill Lynch). Mr. Palancia holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics. He also possesses a strong understanding of risk management, balance sheet analysis and the regulatory framework under which regulated financial entities must operate based on service to Merrill Lynch. Additionally, he is well versed in the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate and serves as a member of three other fund boards.
Mark D. Gersten has more than 30 years of experience in the financial services industry, having served in executive roles at AllianceBernstein LP and holding key industry positions at Prudential-Bache Securities and PriceWaterhouseCoopers. He also serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex. Mr. Gersten is a certified public accountant and holds an MBA in accounting. Like other Trustees, his experience has given him a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies operate.
Mark S. Garbin has more than 30 years of experience in corporate balance sheet and income statement risk management for large asset managers, serving as Managing Principal of Coherent Capital Management LLC since 2007. Mr. Garbin has extensive derivatives experience and has provided consulting services to alternative asset managers. He is both a Chartered Financial Analyst and Professional Risk Manager charterholder and holds advanced degrees in international business. The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustees qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.
The Trustees and the executive officers of the Trust are listed below with their present positions with the Trust and principal occupations over at least the last five years. The business address of each Trustee and Officer is 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246. All correspondence to the Trustees and Officers should be directed to c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, P.O. Box 541150, Omaha, Nebraska 68154.
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Independent Trustees
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position/Term of Office* |
Principal
Occupation During the Past Five Years |
Number
of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee |
Other
Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Mark
Garbin |
Trustee Since 2013 |
Managing Principal, Coherent Capital Management LLC (since 2007). |
3
|
Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Two Roads Shared Trust (since 2012); Forethought Variable Insurance Trust (since 2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013); iDirect Private Markets Fund (since 2014); Carlyle Tactical Private Credit Fund (since March 2018); Independent Director OHA CLO Enhanced Equity II Genpar LLP (since June 2021); and Caryle Credit Income Fund (since July 2023)
|
Mark
D. Gersten Born in 1950 |
Trustee Since 2013 |
Independent Consultant (since 2012). |
3 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013); Two Roads Shared Trust (since 2012); Altegris KKR Commitments Master Fund (since 2014); previously, Ramius Archview Credit and Distressed Fund (2015-2017); and Schroder Global Series Trust (2012 to 2017).
|
Anthony
J. Hertl |
Trustee Since 2005; Chairman of the Board since 2013 |
Retired, previously held several positions in a major Wall Street firm including Capital Markets Controller, Director of Global Taxation, and CFO of the Specialty Finance Group.
|
3 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2005); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Satuit Capital Management Trust (2007-2019). |
Gary
W. Lanzen |
Trustee Since 2005 |
Retired (since 2012). Formerly, Founder, President, and Chief Investment Officer, Orizon Investment Counsel, Inc. (2000-2012). |
3 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2005) Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006); AdvisorOne Funds (since 2003); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); and previously, CLA Strategic Allocation Fund (2014-2015).
|
John
V. Palancia |
Trustee Since 2011 |
Retired (since 2011). Formerly, Director of Futures Operations, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. (1975-2011). | 3 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2011); Northern Lights Fund Trust III (since February 2012); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2012) and Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2011).
|
Mark
H. Taylor |
Trustee Since 2007; Chairman of the Audit Committee since 2013 |
PhD (Accounting), CPA; Professor and Director, Lynn Pippenger School of Accountancy, Muma College of Business, University of South Florida (2019 – present); Professor and Department of Accountancy Chair, Case Western Reserve University (2009-2019); President, American Accounting Association (AAA) commencing August 2022 (President-Elect 2022-2023, President 2023-2024; Past President 2024-2025). AAA Vice President-Finance (2017-2020); President, Auditing Section of the AAA; Member, AICPA Auditing Standards Board (2009-2012); Academic Fellow, Office of the Chief Accountant, United States Securities Exchange Commission (2005-2006); Center for Audit Quality research grants (2014, 2012).
|
3 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2007); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Northern Lights Fund Trust III (since 2012); and Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2007). |
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Officers
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position/Term
of Office* |
Principal
Occupation During the Past Five Years |
Number
of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee |
Other
Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Kevin
E. Wolf Born in 1969 |
President, Principal Executive Officer Since June 2017
|
Executive
Vice President, Head of Fund Administration, and Product; Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (since
2020);Vice President of The Ultimus Group, LLC (since 2019); Executive Vice President, Gemini
Fund Services, LLC (2019-2020); President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2012-2019); Treasurer
of the Trust
|
N/A | N/A |
Timothy
Burdick |
Vice President Since November 2023 |
Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (since 2023); Vice President and Managing Counsel, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (2022-2023); Assistant Vice President and Counsel, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (2019-2022).
|
N/A | N/A |
James
Colantino |
Treasurer, Principal Accounting Officer Since June 2017 |
Senior Vice President Fund Administration, Ultimus Fund Solutions (since 2020); Senior Vice President Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2012-2020); Assistant Treasurer of the Trust (2006-June 2017).
|
N/A | N/A |
Stephanie
Shearer Born in 1979 |
Secretary Since February 2017 |
Assistant Secretary of the Trust (2012-February 2017); Associate Director, Ultimus Fund Solutions (since 2022); Manager of Legal Administration, Ultimus Fund Solutions (2020-2022); Manager of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2018-2020); Senior Paralegal, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2013 - 2018).
|
N/A
|
N/A |
Michael
J. Nanosky Born in 1966 |
Chief Compliance Officer Since January 2021
|
Chief Compliance Officer, of the Trust (since January 2021); Vice President-Senior Compliance Officer, Ultimus Fund Solutions (since 2020); Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer for Williamsburg Investment Trust (2020-current); Senior Vice President- Chief Compliance Officer, PNC Funds (2014-2019).
|
N/A | N/A |
* | The term of office for each Trustee and officer listed above will continue indefinitely until the individual resigns or is removed. |
** | As of February 29,2024, the Trust was comprised of 64 active portfolios managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term Fund Complex applies only to the Funds in the Trust advised by the Funds Adviser. The Funds do not hold themselves out as related to any other series within the Trust that is not advised by the Funds Adviser. |
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Board Committees
Audit Committee
The Board has an Audit Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committees responsibilities include: (i) recommending to the Board the selection, retention or termination of the Trusts independent auditors; (ii) reviewing with the independent auditors the scope, performance and anticipated cost of their audit; (iii) discussing with the independent auditors certain matters relating to the Trusts financial statements, including any adjustment to such financial statements recommended by such independent auditors, or any other results of any audit; (iv) reviewing on a periodic basis a formal written statement from the independent auditors with respect to their independence, discussing with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in the statement that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Trusts independent auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response thereto to satisfy itself of the auditors independence; and (v) considering the comments of the independent auditors and managements responses thereto with respect to the quality and adequacy of the Trusts accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee Charter. The Audit Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing nominee candidates for consideration as Independent Trustees as is from time to time considered necessary or appropriate. The Audit Committee generally will not consider shareholder nominees. The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing and setting Independent Trustee compensation from time to time when considered necessary or appropriate. During the past fiscal year, the Audit Committee held ten meetings.
Compensation
Effective January 1, 2024, each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an investment adviser to any series of the Trust will receive a quarterly fee of $50,000, allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust and Northern Lights Variable Trust (together, the Trusts), a separate registrant that shares a common board with the Trust, for his attendance at the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board, to be paid in advance of each calendar quarter, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred. In addition to which, the Chairman of the Board receives a quarterly fee of $13,750 and the Audit Committee Chairman receives a quarterly fee of $10,000.
Prior to January 1, 2024, each Trustee who was not affiliated with the Trusts or an investment adviser to any series of the Trusts received a quarterly fee of $48,750, allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trusts. In addition to the quarterly fees and reimbursements, the Chairman of the Board previously received a quarterly fee of $13,750 and the Audit Committee Chairman receives a quarterly fee of $10,000.
Additionally, in the event a meeting of the Board of Trustees other than its regularly scheduled meetings (a Special Meeting) is required, each Independent Trustee will receive a fee of $2,500 per Special Meeting, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred, to be paid by the relevant series of the Trust or its investment adviser depending on the circumstances necessitating the Special Meeting.
None of the executive officers receive compensation from the Trusts.
The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Trust during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Each Independent Trustee attended all quarterly meetings during the period. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.
Name
and Position |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund |
Altegris
Futures Evolution Strategy Fund |
Altegris/Crabel |
Pension
or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Funds Expenses |
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total
Compensation from Trust and Fund Complex* Paid to Directors |
Anthony J. Hertl | $2,937 | $2,937 | $2,937 | None | None | $8,811 |
Gary Lanzen | $2,473 | $2,473 | $2,473 | None | None | $7,419 |
Mark H. Taylor | $2,628 | $2,628 | $2,628 | None | None | $7,884 |
John V. Palancia | $2,473 | $2,473 | $2,473 | None | None | $7,419 |
Mark D. Gersten | $2,473 | $2,473 | $2,473 | None | None | $7,419 |
Mark Garbin* | $2,473 | $2,473 | $2,473 | None | None | $7,419 |
* | The term Fund Complex includes the series of Northern Lights Fund Trust (NLFT), and Northern Lights Variable Trust (NLVT) that are advised by the Adviser. |
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Trustee Ownership
The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Trust as of December 31, 2023.
NAME OF TRUSTEE | DOLLAR
RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE FUND |
AGGREGATE
DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN ALL REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES OVERSEEN BY TRUSTEE IN FAMILY OF INVESTMENT COMPANIES |
Anthony J. Hertl | None | $50,001-$100,000 |
Gary Lanzen | None | None |
Mark H. Taylor | None | None |
John V. Palancia | None | None |
Mark D. Gersten | None | $10,001-$50,000 |
Mark Garbin | None | $50,001-$100,000 |
Management Ownership
As of April 4, 2024, the Trustees and officers, as a group, owned no shares of the Fund and less than 1.00% of the Fund Complexs outstanding shares.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a fund. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. A shareholder who owns of record or beneficially more than 25% of the outstanding shares of a Fund or who is otherwise deemed to control a Fund may be able to determine or significantly influence the outcome of matters submitted to a vote of the Funds shareholders.
As of April 4, 2024, the following shareholders of record owned 5% or more of a Class of the outstanding shares of each Fund as noted.
Class A Shares | Total Shares | Percentage |
National Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NY 07310 |
86,554 | 11.01% |
Pershing, LLC P.O. Box 2052 Jersey City, NJ 07303
|
83,951 | 10.68% |
Charles Schwab and Co Inc Special Custody A/C FBO Customers Attn Mutual Funds 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105
|
82,852 | 10.54% |
National
Financial Services LLC 499 Jersey City, NJ 07310
|
52,034 | 6.62% |
National
Financial Services LLC 499 Jersey City, NJ 07310
|
43,406 | 5.52% |
Class C Shares | Total Shares | Percentage |
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC 1 New York Plaza Fl.12 New York, NY 10004-190
|
8,115 | 54.18% |
Pershing LLC Po Box 2052 Jersey City, NJ 07303 |
6,295 | 42.02% |
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Class I Shares | Total Shares | Percentage |
Charles Schwab FBO Customers Attn Mutual Funds 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105 |
4,262,347 | 35.18% |
National Financial Services LLC 4949 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NY 07310
|
2,618,579 | 21.61% |
UBS WM USA Omni Account M/F Attn: Department Manager 1000 Harbor Blvd Weehawken NJ 07086-6761
|
762,707 | 6.29% |
North Carolina Farm Bureau/Mutual Insurance Company Allen W Houck Raleigh, NC 27611 |
2,618,579 | 5.21% |
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INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISER
Investment Adviser and Advisory Agreement
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. (the Adviser), located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400 La Jolla, CA 92037, serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser was established in 2010 for the purpose of advising mutual funds. The Adviser is wholly-owned by Better Outcome, LLC, which in turn is owned and controlled equally by Continuum Capital Managers, LLC (Continuum) and AV5 Acquisition, LLC (AV5). Mr. Matthew Osborne, the Advisers CEO and CIO is the sole owner and member of AV5. Continuum is wholly-owned and controlled by Messrs. Douglas Grip and Stephen Vanourny.
Subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management of the Funds business affairs. Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the Advisory Agreement) with the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board , and in conformity with the stated policies of the Fund, manages the portfolio investment operations of the Fund.
The Adviser has overall supervisory responsibilities for the general management and investment of the Funds securities portfolios, as detailed below, which are subject to review and approval by the Board of Trustees. In general, the Advisers duties include setting the Funds overall investment strategies and asset allocation as well as hiring and supervising sub-advisers.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, agrees to invest the assets of the Fund directly in accordance with applicable law and the investment objective, policies and restrictions set forth in the Funds current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser shall act as the investment adviser to the Fund and, as such shall, directly, (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities hereunder; (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Fund in a manner consistent with its investment objective, policies and restrictions; and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained or lent by the Fund, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser or its designee, directly, will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission or spread than may be charged by other brokers. The Adviser also provides the Fund with all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the Funds investments, compensates all officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors or employees of the Adviser, and all personnel of the Fund or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities. The Advisory Agreement was most recently renewed by the Board, including by a majority of the Independent Trustees, at a meeting held on December 13-14, 2023.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, the Adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee with respect to the Fund. Currently, the advisory fee is 1.30% for the Fund. The fee is computed daily and payable monthly. The Adviser has agreed contractually to waive its management fee with respect to the Fund and to reimburse expenses, other than expenses relating to any front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses), borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the Adviser)) at least until October 31, 2025, such that net annual fund operating expenses of the Fund do not
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exceed the percentages in the tables on the following page. Waiver/reimbursement is subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within three years after the fees were waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. No reimbursement amount will be paid to the Adviser in any fiscal quarter unless the Board of Trustees has determined in advance that a reimbursement is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Funds expenses and increase its performance. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund accrued $8,859,980 in advisory fees, of which $3,774 were waived. . During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund accrued $5,716,184 in advisory fees, of which $44,986 was waived. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Fund accrued $2,729,845 in advisory fees, of which $183,322 were waived.
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | ||
FUND CLASS | EXPENSE CAP | MINIMUM DURATION |
Class A | 1.80% | October 31, 2025 |
Class C | 2.55% | October 31, 2025 |
Class I | 1.55% | October 31, 2025 |
The Adviser may be terminated by the Board of Trustees or a majority of Fund shareholders on 60 days written notice to the Adviser. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees approval of the advisory and sub-advisory agreement with respect to the Fund is available in the Funds annual report dated December 31, 2023.
Expenses not expressly assumed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement are paid by the Fund. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund is responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser; (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser or Distributor (as defined under the section entitled The Distributor); (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (as defined under the section entitled Transfer Agent), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Fund and of pricing the Funds shares; (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Fund; (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities transactions; (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Fund to governmental agencies; (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Fund may be a member; (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Fund; (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance; (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and of shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Funds registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes; (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Trust who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders; and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Funds business.
The Advisory Agreement continued in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (a) a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and by (b) the majority vote of either all of the Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Adviser, or by holders of a majority of a Funds outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
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Sub-Adviser and Sub-Advisory Agreements
The Adviser has (i) engaged American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC, to serve as Sub-Adviser to the Fund. American Assets Investment Management, LLC, an affiliate and predecessor firm of AACA, also served as the general partner and investment manager of American Assets Real Estate Securities Fund, L.P. (Predecessor Fund). AACA is owned by Soledad Realty Capital, Inc. and American Assets Investment Management, LLC, and indirectly controlled by Burland B. East III and Ernest Rady, by virtue of his control of the Ernest Rady Trust.
The Sub-Adviser is responsible for selecting investments and assuring that investments are made according to the relevant Funds investment objective(s), policies and restrictions.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the Sub-Adviser will formulate and implement a continuous investment program for the relevant Fund, in accordance with the Funds objective(s), policies and limitations and any investment guidelines established by the Adviser. The Sub-Adviser will, subject to the supervision and control of the Adviser, determine in its discretion which issuers and securities will be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund, and will place orders with and give instruction to brokers and dealers to cause the execution of such transactions. The Sub-Adviser is required to furnish, at its own expense, all investment facilities necessary to perform its obligations under the respective Sub-Advisory Agreement. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee on its portion of the Funds average daily net assets. The Sub-Adviser is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement shall continue in effect for two (2) years initially and then from year to year, provided it is approved at least annually by a vote of the majority of the Trustees, who are not parties to the agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Sub-Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser on 60 days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act).
Codes of Ethics
The Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Distributor, have each adopted codes of ethics (each a Code) under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that governs the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under the Trusts Code, the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Fund.
In addition, the Trust has adopted a separate Code, which applies only to the Trusts executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management. The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; ii) full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the SEC and in other public communications made by the Fund; iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations; iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and v) accountability for adherence to the Code.
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Proxy Voting Policies
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Adviser or its designee, subject to the Boards continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser or its designee vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser or its designee to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisers Proxy Policies, or the proxy policies of the Advisers designee, and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser or its designee on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. It is anticipated that the Sub-Adviser will vote all proxies that are received on the Funds behalf with respect to assets managed by the Sub-Adviser.
Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Advisers or the Sub-Advisers interests and the Funds interests, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will resolve the conflict by voting in accordance with the policy guidelines or at the clients directive using the recommendation of an independent third party. If the third partys recommendations are not received in a timely fashion, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will abstain from voting the securities held by that clients account. A copy of the Advisers and the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies are attached hereto as Appendix A.
More information. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30 are available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at 1.877.772.5838; and (2) on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Funds proxy voting policies and procedures are also available by calling 1.877.772.5838 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, located at 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, NE 68022 (the Distributor) serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Trust pursuant to an underwriting agreement with the Trust (the Underwriting Agreement). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and each states securities laws and is a member of The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). The offering of the Funds shares are continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Fund shares, will use reasonable efforts to facilitate the sale of the Funds shares.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Distributor by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated with respect to the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the entire Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund on 60 days written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Fund. The Underwriting Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.
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The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021:
FUND |
NET UNDERWRITING DISCOUNTS AND COMMISSIONS |
COMPENSATION
ON REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES |
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS |
OTHER COMPENSATION |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | $14,821 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
* | The Distributor also received 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled Rule 12b-1 Plans. |
The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022:
FUND |
NET UNDERWRITING DISCOUNTS AND COMMISSIONS |
COMPENSATION
ON REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES |
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS |
OTHER COMPENSATION |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | $3,122 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
* | The Distributor also received 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled Rule 12b-1 Plans. |
The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:
FUND |
NET UNDERWRITING DISCOUNTS AND COMMISSIONS |
COMPENSATION
ON REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES |
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS |
OTHER COMPENSATION |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | $1,480 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
* | The Distributor also received 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled Rule 12b-1 Plans. |
Rule 12b-1 Plans
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted the Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the Funds Class A and Class C shares (the Plans) pursuant to which the Fund pays fees to the Distributor for providing distribution and/or shareholder services to the respective Share Class of the Fund. Under the Plans, Class A and Class C shares of the Fund may pay an account maintenance fee for account maintenance services and/or distribution fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25% and 1.00% for Class A and Class C shares, respectively of the Funds average net assets attributable to the relevant class as compensation for the Distributor providing account maintenance and distribution services to shareholders. Such fees are to be paid by the Fund monthly, or at such other intervals, as the Board shall determine. Such fees shall be based upon each share classs average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily. The Fund may
877.772.5838 | www.altegris.com | 38 |
pay fees to the Distributor at a lesser rate, as agreed upon by the Board and the Distributor. The Plans authorize payments to the Distributor as compensation for providing account maintenance services to Fund shareholders, including arranging for certain securities dealers or brokers, administrators and others (Recipients) to provide these services and paying compensation for these services.
The services to be provided by Recipients may include, but are not limited to, the following: assistance in the offering and sale of the Funds Class A and Class C shares and in other aspects of the marketing of the shares to clients or prospective clients of the respective recipients; answering routine inquiries concerning the Fund; assisting in the establishment and maintenance of accounts or sub-accounts in the Fund and in processing purchase and redemption transactions; making the Funds investment plan and shareholder services available; and providing such other information and services to investors in shares of the Fund as the Distributor or the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, may reasonably request. The distribution services shall also include any advertising and marketing services provided by or arranged by the Distributor with respect to the Fund. The Adviser may be compensated by the Distributor for its distribution and marketing efforts.
The Distributor is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board , specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Further, the Distributor will inform the Board of any Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Distributor to Recipients.
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class A 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2021:
Altegris/AACA
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $8,653 |
Payment to dealers | $46,081 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $10,882 |
Total | $65,616 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class C 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2021:
Altegris/AACA
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $4,719 |
Payment to dealers | $0 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $4,190 |
Total | $8,909 |
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The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class A 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2022:
Altegris/AACA
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $5,705 |
Payment to dealers | $23,769 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $5,622 |
Total | $35,096 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class C 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2022:
Altegris/AACA
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $767 |
Payment to dealers | $0 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $754 |
Total | $1,521 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class A 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2023:
Altegris/AACA
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $5,894 |
Payment to dealers | $14,588 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $1,009 |
Total | $21,491 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class C 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2023:
Altegris/AACA
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $1,575 |
Payment to dealers | $1 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $411 |
Total | $1,987 |
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The initial term of the Plan was one year and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and do not have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Rule 12b-1 Plan (Rule 12b-1 Trustees) by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan. A Plan may be terminated at any time by the Trust or a Fund by vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund.
The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of the Distributors compensation to be paid by a Fund, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the affected class of a Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on a Rule 12b-1 Plan. During the term of a Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees. The Distributor will preserve copies of the Plans, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.
Any agreement related to the Plans will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the applicable Fund at any time upon sixty days written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or Fund; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.
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Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries
Set forth below is a list of the member firms of the FINRA to which the Adviser or certain of its affiliates made payments out of their revenues in connection with the sale and distribution of the Funds shares or for services to the Fund and its shareholders. Such payments are in addition to any 12b-1 Plan fees paid to such FINRA member firms. The level of additional compensation payments made to these firms will vary, may be limited to specific share classes and can include various initial and on-going payments. The payments are discussed in detail in the Prospectus under the title Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries.
As of the date of this SAI, the Adviser and/or the Fund has entered into arrangements with the following FINRA member firms: Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., Charles Schwab & Co. Inc., Cetera Financial Group, Inc., Fidelity, LPL Financial, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, National Financial Services, Pershing LLC, RBC Capital Markets Corporation, TD Ameritrade, Inc., and UBS Financial Services. Inclusion on this list does not imply that the additional compensation paid to such firms necessarily constitutes special cash compensation as defined by FINRA Conduct Rule 2830. This list will be updated annually and interim arrangements may not be reflected. The Adviser and the Fund assume no duty to notify any investor whether a firm through which he/she invests should be included on any such listing. Investors are encouraged to review the prospectus for any other compensation arrangements pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. Investors are also encouraged to ask their financial intermediary what compensation that person or the relevant firm may be receiving for the investors investment in the Fund.
CO-PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Burland B. East III and Creede Murphy, each of the Sub-Adviser, are Co-Portfolio Managers of the Fund. As of December 31, 2023, they were responsible for the following types of accounts in addition to the Fund:
BURLAND B. EAST III | ||||
OTHER
ACCOUNTS BY TYPE |
TOTAL
NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS BY ACCOUNT TYPE |
TOTAL ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE |
NUMBER
OF ACCOUNTS BY TYPE SUBJECT TO A PERFORMANCE FEE |
TOTAL ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE SUBJECT TO A PERFORMANCE FEE |
Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $60 million | 1
|
$60 million |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
1 | $2 million | 1 | $2 million |
Other Accounts |
1 | $132 million | 1 | $12 million |
CREEDE MURPHY | ||||
OTHER
ACCOUNTS BY TYPE |
TOTAL
NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS BY ACCOUNT TYPE |
TOTAL ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE |
NUMBER
OF ACCOUNTS BY TYPE SUBJECT TO A PERFORMANCE FEE |
TOTAL ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE SUBJECT TO A PERFORMANCE FEE |
Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $60 million
|
1 | $60 million
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
1 | $2 million | 1 | $2 million |
Other Accounts |
2 | $132 million | 2 | $12 million |
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Conflicts of Interest
When a portfolio manager has responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund or Adviser, respectively, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. The procedures to address conflicts of interest, if any, are described below for each portfolio manager.
The Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser, manage, or may in the future manage, multiple client accounts and, as such, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may receive fees from certain client accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts.
Altegris will attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts. From time to time, Altegris may recommend or cause a client to invest in a security in which another client of Altegris has an ownership position. Altegris has adopted certain procedures intended to treat all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. To the extent that Altegris seeks to purchase or sell the same security for multiple client accounts, Altegris may aggregate, or bunch, these orders where it deems this to be appropriate and consistent with applicable regulatory requirements. When a bunched order is filled in its entirety, each participating client account will participate at the average share prices for the bunched order. When a bunched order is only partially filled, the securities purchased will be allocated on a pro-rata basis to each account participating in the bunched order based upon the initial amount requested for the account, subject to certain exceptions. The participating account will receive the average share price for the bunched order on the same business day. The Sub-Adviser employs substantially similar methods to attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts.
Compensation
For services as portfolio manager to the Fund, Mr. East is compensated through a combination of salary and future profitability of the Sub-Advisers real estate related strategies.
Ownership of Securities
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the portfolio manager in the Fund as of December 31, 2023:
Name
of Portfolio |
Dollar
Range |
Burland B. East III | $100,001-500,000 |
Creede Murphy | $10,001-50,000 |
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ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE
Specific decisions to purchase or sell securities for the Fund are made by the portfolio managers who are employees of the Adviser or portfolio manager of the Sub-Adviser. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser are authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by them on behalf of the Fund to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Fund or the Adviser or Sub-Adviser for a Funds use. Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may determine.
In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will take a series of factors, such as but not limited to the following, into consideration:
● | the best net price available; |
● | the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer; |
● | the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and |
● | the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis. |
Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Fund may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided to the Fund. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of the Funds transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Fund, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Fund. An affiliated person of the Fund may serve as its broker on an agency basis provided that, among other things, the fee or commission received by such affiliated broker is reasonable and fair. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $708,730. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $769,267. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $326,578.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
A Funds portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by a Fund. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Funds portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate was 42%. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate was 54%.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Fund Administration, Fund Accounting and Transfer Agent Services
Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (UFS), which has its principal office at 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022, serves as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent for the Fund pursuant to a Fund Services Agreement (the Agreement) with the Trust and subject to the supervision of the Board. UFS is primarily in the business
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of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. UFS is an affiliate of the Distributor. UFS may also provide persons to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of UFS or its affiliates.
Effective February 1, 2019, NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC, the parent company of Gemini Fund Services, LLC and its affiliated companies including Northern Lights Distributors, LLC and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (collectively, the Gemini Companies), sold its interest in the Gemini Companies to a third party private equity firm that contemporaneously acquired Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (an independent mutual fund administration firm) and its affiliates (collectively, the Ultimus Companies). As a result of these separate transactions, the Gemini Companies and the Ultimus Companies are now indirectly owned through a common parent entity, The Ultimus Group, LLC.
The Agreement became effective on June 22, 2011 and remained in effect for two years from the applicable effective date for the Fund, and will continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board. The Agreement is terminable by the Board or UFS on 90 days written notice and may be assigned by either party, provided that the Trust may not assign this agreement without the prior written consent of UFS. The Agreement provides that UFS shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, UFS performs administrative services, including: (1) monitoring the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Trust by others service providers; (2) monitoring Fund holdings and operations for post-trade compliance with the Funds registration statement and applicable laws and rules; (3) preparing and coordinating the printing of semi-annual and annual financial statements; (4) preparing selected management reports for performance and compliance analyses; (5) preparing and disseminating materials for and attending and participating in meetings of the Board; (6) determining income and capital gains available for distribution and calculating distributions required to meet regulatory, income, and excise tax requirements; (7) reviewing the Trusts federal, state, and local tax returns as prepared and signed by the Trusts independent public accountants; (8) preparing and maintaining the Trusts operating expense budget to determine proper expense accruals to be charged to the Fund to calculate its daily NAV; (9) assisting in and monitoring the preparation, filing, printing and where applicable, dissemination to shareholders of amendments to the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A, periodic reports to the Trustees, shareholders and the SEC, notices pursuant to Rule 24f-2, proxy materials and reports to the SEC on Forms N-CEN, N-CSR, N-PORT and N-PX; (10) coordinating the Trusts audits and examinations by assisting the Funds independent public accountants; (11) determining, in consultation with others, the jurisdictions in which shares of the Trust shall be registered or qualified for sale and facilitating such registration or qualification; (12) monitoring sales of shares and ensure that the shares brokerage are properly and duly registered with the SEC; (13) monitoring the calculation of performance data for the Fund; (14) preparing, or causing to be prepared, expense and financial reports; (15) preparing authorizations for the payment of Trust expenses and pay, from Trust assets, all bills of the Trust; (16) providing information typically supplied in the investment company industry to companies that track or report price, performance or other information with respect to investment companies; (17) upon request, assisting the Fund in the evaluation and selection of other service providers, such as independent public accountants, printers, EDGAR providers and proxy solicitors (such parties may be affiliates of UFS) and (18) performing other services, recordkeeping and assistance relating to the affairs of the Trust as the Trust may, from time to time, reasonably request.
For the administrative services rendered to the Fund by UFS, the Fund pays the greater of an annual minimum fee or an asset based fee, which scales downward based upon net assets. The Fund also pays UFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund paid $503,821 for administrative fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund paid $314,683 for administrative fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Fund paid $189,081 for administrative fees.
UFS, also provides the Fund with accounting services, including: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Funds listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and
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total return for the Fund; (vi) maintenance of certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciliation of account information and balances among the Funds custodian or Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluation of daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Fund.
For the fund accounting services rendered to the Fund by the Agreement, the Fund pays UFS, the greater of an annual minimum fee or an asset based fee, which scales downward based upon net assets. The Fund also pays UFS for any out-of-pocket expenses. During the fiscal period ended December 31, 2021, the Fund paid $79,289 for fund accounting fees. During the fiscal period ended December 31, 2022, the Fund paid $45,112 for fund accounting fees. During the fiscal period ended December 31, 2023, the Fund paid $27,447 for fund accounting fees.
UFS, also acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund pursuant to the Agreement. Under the Agreement, UFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer-agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
For such services rendered to the Fund under the Agreement, the Fund pays UFS the greater of an annual minimum fee or an asset based fee, which scales downward based upon net assets. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund paid $150,572 for transfer agent fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund paid $95,201 for transfer agent fee. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Fund paid $73,716 for transfer agent fees..
Custodian
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017 (the Custodian) serves as the custodian of the Funds assets pursuant to a custody agreement (the Custody Agreement) by and between the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. The Custodians responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Funds cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities and collecting interest and dividends on the Funds investments. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian also maintains original entry documents and books of record and general ledgers; posts cash receipts and disbursements; and records purchases and sales based upon communications from the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser. The Fund may employ foreign sub-custodians that are approved by the Board to hold foreign assets.
Compliance Services
Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS), 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, NE 68022, an affiliate of UFS and the Distributor, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust. NLCSs compliance services consist primarily of reviewing and assessing the policies and procedures of the Trust and its service providers pertaining to compliance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. For the compliance services rendered to the Fund, the Fund pays NLCS an annual fixed fee and an asset based fee, which scales downward based upon the Funds net assets. The Fund also pays NLCS for any out-of-pocket expenses. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Fund paid $41,098 in compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund paid $41,001 in compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Fund paid $35,132 in compliance service fees.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
Each share of beneficial interest of the Trust has one vote in the election of Trustees. Cumulative voting is not authorized for the Trust. This means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so, and, in that event, the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any Trustees.
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Shareholders of the Trust and any other future series of the Trust will vote in the aggregate and not by series except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interest of the shareholders of a particular series or classes. Matters such as election of Trustees are not subject to separate voting requirements and may be acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. Each share has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. There are no conversion or preemptive rights applicable to any shares of the Fund. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the Program) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trusts Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program. The Trusts secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Funds Distributor and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and providing a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to freeze the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
Calculation of Share Price
As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading How Shares are Priced, NAV of the Funds shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of the Fund.
Generally, the Funds securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each securitys primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. If market quotations are not readily available, or deemed unreliable for a security, or if a securitys value may have been materially affected by events occurring after the close of a securities market on which the security principally trades, but before a Fund calculates its NAV, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board and evaluated by the Board as to the reliability of the fair value method used. In this respect, the Adviser and/or relevant Sub-Adviser participates in the valuation process by preparing the fair valuation for any such securities as per approved procedures and pursuant to a fair value process developed in coordination with the
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Funds administrator and auditors, and in some cases certain service providers to the issuers of securities subject to the fair valuation. This process is tested and subject to ongoing and periodic monitoring by the Adviser, the Funds administrator, and the Board as described below.
In cases where a fair valuation of securities is applied, the Funds NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities fair value rather than their market price. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. This fair value may also vary from valuations determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available.
The Fund and the Adviser may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Funds securities. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. In computing the NAV, the Fund values foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the Funds portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price the security using the Funds fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Funds portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Funds NAV by short term traders.
With respect to any portion of the Funds assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, the Funds NAV is calculated based upon the NAV of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity.
Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost. Exchange traded options are valued at the last quoted sales price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on the exchange on which such options are traded. Futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board.
Under certain circumstances, the Fund may use an independent pricing service to calculate the fair market value of foreign equity securities on a daily basis by applying valuation factors to the last sale price or the mean price as noted above. The fair market values supplied by the independent pricing service will generally reflect market trading that occurs after the close of the applicable foreign markets of comparable securities or the value of other instruments that have a strong correlation to the fair-valued securities. The independent pricing service will also take into account the current relevant currency exchange rate. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. Because foreign securities may trade on days when Fund shares are not priced, the value of securities held by the Fund can change on days when Fund shares cannot be redeemed or purchased. In the event that a foreign securitys market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable (for reasons other than because the foreign exchange on which it trades closed before the Funds calculation of NAV), the security will be valued at its fair market value as determined in good faith by the Funds fair value committee in accordance with procedures approved by the Board as
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discussed below. Without fair valuation, it is possible that short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Funds portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that it will prevent dilution of the Funds NAV by short-term traders. In addition, because the Fund may invest in underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the underlying ETFs do not price their shares, the value of these portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares.
As a result of the Funds investment, if any, in foreign securities or other instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the NAV of the Funds shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of these instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the NYSE is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
Fund shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the NYSE Close) on each day that the NYSE is open. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day. Domestic fixed income and foreign fixed income securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities.
The Fund may hold securities, such as private placements, interests in commodity pools, other non-traded securities or temporarily illiquid securities, for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable. These securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the fair value procedures approved by the Board. The Board has delegated the Adviser as its Valuation Designee to execute these procedures. The Adviser may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.
Valuation Process. The fair value determinations are required for the following securities: (i) securities for which market quotations are insufficient or not readily available on a particular business day (including securities for which there is a short and temporary lapse in the provision of a price by the regular pricing source), (ii) securities for which, in the judgment of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, the prices or values available do not represent the fair value of the instrument. Factors which may cause the Adviser or Sub-Adviser to make such a judgment include, but are not limited to, the following: only a bid price or an asked price is available; the spread between bid and asked prices is substantial; the frequency of sales; the thinness of the market; the size of reported trades; and actions of the securities markets, such as the suspension or limitation of trading; (iii) securities determined to be illiquid; (iv) securities with respect to which an event that will affect the value thereof has occurred (a significant event) since the closing prices were established on the principal exchange on which they are traded, but prior to the Funds calculation of its NAV. Specifically, interests in commodity pools or managed futures pools are valued on a daily basis by reference to the closing market prices of each futures contract or other asset held by a pool, as adjusted for pool expenses. Restricted or illiquid securities, such as private placements or non-traded securities are valued via inputs from the Adviser or Sub-Adviser valuation based upon the current bid for the security from two or more independent dealers or other parties reasonably familiar with the facts and circumstances of the security (who should take into consideration all relevant factors as may be appropriate under the circumstances). If the Adviser or Sub-Adviser is unable to obtain a current bid from such independent dealers or other independent parties, the Adviser shall determine the fair value of such security using the following factors: (i) the type of security; (ii) the cost at date of purchase; (iii) the size and nature of the Funds holdings; (iv) the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase and subsequent thereto; (v) information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; (vi) the nature and duration of restrictions on disposition of the security and the existence of any registration rights; (vii) how the yield of the security compares to similar securities of companies of similar or equal creditworthiness; (viii) the level of recent trades of similar or comparable securities; (ix) the liquidity characteristics of the security; (x) current market conditions; and (xi) the market value of any securities into which the security is convertible or exchangeable.
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Standards For Fair Value Determinations. As a general principle, the fair value of a security is the amount that a Fund might reasonably expect to realize upon its current sale. The Trust has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820). In accordance with ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that the Fund would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market of the investment. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, for example, the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value including such a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entitys own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
Various inputs are used in determining the value of the Funds investments relating to ASC 820. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.
Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)
Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including a Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).
The Adviser takes into account the relevant factors and surrounding circumstances, which may include: (i) the nature and pricing history (if any) of the security; (ii) whether any dealer quotations for the security are available; (iii) possible valuation methodologies that could be used to determine the fair value of the security; (iv) the recommendation of a portfolio manager of the Fund with respect to the valuation of the security; (v) whether the same or similar securities are held by other funds managed by the adviser (or Sub-Adviser) or other funds and the method used to price the security in those funds; (vi) the extent to which the fair value to be determined for the security will result from the use of data or formulae produced by independent third parties and (vii) the liquidity or illiquidity of the market for the security.
Board of Trustees Determination. The Board meets at least quarterly to consider the valuations provided by the Adviser and to ratify the valuations made for the applicable securities. The Board considers the reports provided by the Adviser, including follow up studies of subsequent market-provided prices when available, in reviewing and determining in good faith the fair value of the applicable portfolio securities.
The Trust expects that the holidays upon which the NYSE will be closed are as follows: New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Purchase of Shares
Orders for shares received by the Fund in good order prior to the close of business on the NYSE on each day during such periods that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at the public offering price, which is NAV plus any sales charge, or at NAV per share (if no sales charges apply) computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the close of the NYSE, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next-determined net asset value per share plus sales charges, if any.
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Redemption of Shares
The Fund will redeem all or any portion of a shareholders shares of the Fund when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the How to Redeem Shares section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholders right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:
(a) when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
(b) when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;
(c) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to fairly to determine the value of net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the SEC (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or
(d) when the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.
In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the net asset value next determined after the termination of the suspension.
Supporting documents in addition to those listed under How to Redeem Shares in the Prospectus will be required from executors, administrators, trustees, or if redemption is requested by someone other than the shareholder of record. Such documents include, but are not restricted to, stock powers, trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as executor, certificates of corporate authority and waiver of tax required in some states when settling estates.
Deferred Sales Charge – Class A and C Shares
A deferred sales charge of up to 1% may be applied to Class A shares redeemed or exchanged for Class C shares within 18 months of purchase if the initial sales charge has been waived and the Funds Distributor has paid authorized broker-dealers a commission for selling Fund shares. The deferred sales charge will equal the amount of the commissions paid on those shares redeemed. A deferred sales charge of up to 1% may be applied to Class C shares redeemed or exchanges for Class I Shares within one year of purchase.
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Notice to Texas Shareholders
Under section 72.1021(a) of the Texas Property Code, initial investors in the Fund who are Texas residents may designate a representative to receive notices of abandoned property in connection with Fund shares. Texas shareholders who wish to appoint a representative should notify the Trusts Transfer Agent by writing to the address below to obtain a form for providing written notice to the Trust:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100
Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474
Redemption Fees
A redemption fee of 1% of the amount redeemed is assessed on shares that have been redeemed within 30 days of purchase.
Waivers of Redemption Fees: The Fund has elected not to impose the redemption fee for:
● | redemptions and exchanges of Fund shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and distributions; |
● | certain types of redemptions and exchanges of Fund shares owned through participant-directed retirement plans; |
● | redemptions or exchanges in discretionary asset allocation, fee based or wrap programs (wrap programs) that are initiated by the sponsor/financial advisor as part of a periodic rebalancing; |
● | redemptions or exchanges in a fee based or wrap program that are made as a result of a full withdrawal from the wrap program or as part of a systematic withdrawal plan including the Funds systematic withdrawal plan; |
● | involuntary redemptions, such as those resulting from a shareholders failure to maintain a minimum investment in the Fund, or to pay shareholder fees; or |
● | other types of redemptions as the Adviser or the Trust may determine in special situations and approved by the Trusts or the Advisers Chief Compliance Officer. |
TAX STATUS
The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax adviser regarding their investment in the Fund.
The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Tax Code), which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau. By so qualifying, the Fund should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Fund will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Tax Code.
Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Fund. Capital losses incurred after January 31, 2011 may now be carried forward indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. Under pre-enacted laws, capital losses could be carried forward to offset any capital gains for eight years, and carried forward as short-term capital, irrespective of the character of the original loss. Capital loss carryforwards are available to offset future realized capital gains. To
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the extent that these carryforwards are used to offset future capital gains it is probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders.
At December 31, 2023, the Fund had capital loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes available to offset future capital gains, as follows:
Short-Term | Long-Term | Total | CLCF Utilized | |||||||||||
$ | 45,095,610 | $ | 59,651,763 | $ | 104,747,373 | $ | — | |||||||
The Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Tax Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be made after the end of each fiscal year, and no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Fund unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.
To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Tax Code, the Fund must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such securities or currencies; and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Funds assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer); and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Fund control and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.
If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year, it will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As such, the Fund would be required to pay income taxes on its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Fund generally would not be liable for income tax on the Funds net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities. Distributions to shareholders, whether from the Funds net investment income or net realized capital gains, would be treated as taxable dividends to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund.
The Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Tax Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Funds ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending October 31 during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Fund during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Fund expects to time its distributions so as to avoid liability for this tax.
The following discussion of tax consequences is for the general information of shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders that are IRAs or other qualified retirement plans are exempt from income taxation under the Tax Code.
Distributions of taxable net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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Distributions of net capital gain (capital gain dividends) generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shares of the Fund have been held by such shareholders.
The Funds net realized capital gains from securities transactions will be distributed only after reducing the gains by the amount of any available capital loss carry forwards.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals and estates and trusts, will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their net investment income, which should include dividends from the Fund and net gains from the disposition of shares of the Fund. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from an investment in the Fund.
A redemption of Fund shares by a shareholder will result in the recognition of taxable gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholders tax basis in his or her Fund shares. Such gain or loss is treated as a capital gain or loss if the shares are held as capital assets. However, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion of any loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain will be taxable as described above, whether received in additional cash or shares. Shareholders electing to receive distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the NAV of a share on the reinvestment date.
All distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain, whether received in shares or in cash, must be reported by each taxable shareholder on his or her federal income tax return. Dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December as of a record date in such a month, if any, will be deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31, if paid during January of the following year. Redemptions of shares may result in tax consequences (gain or loss) to the shareholder and also are subject to these reporting requirements.
Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption or exchange of Fund shares, except in the case of certain exempt shareholders. Under the backup withholding provisions of Section 3406 of the Code, distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain and proceeds from the redemption or exchange of the shares of a regulated investment company may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the investment company with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the Fund is notified by the IRS or a broker that withholding is required due to an incorrect TIN or a previous failure to report taxable interest or dividends. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Payments to a shareholder that is either a foreign financial institution (FFI) or a non-financial foreign entity (NFFE) within the meaning of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on: (a) income dividends paid by a Fund after June 30, 2014 and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares paid by the Fund after December 31, 2016. FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreement or other exemption, if it enters into a valid agreement with the IRS to, among other requirements, report required information about certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI
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and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reports information relating to them. A Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.
This summary is not intended to be and should not be construed to be legal or tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisors to determine the tax consequences of owning the Fund shares.
Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements
To the extent such investments are permissible for the Fund, the Funds transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
To the extent such investments are permissible, certain of the Funds hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Funds book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any) of such excess book income will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income); (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in the shares; and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Funds book income is less than taxable income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regular investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
Investment by the Fund in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF election), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the companys income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company.
The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings to the market as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return.
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Foreign Currency Transactions
The Funds transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.
Foreign Taxation
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties and conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of the Funds total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may be able to elect to pass through to the Funds shareholders the amount of eligible foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a shareholder generally subject to tax will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his or her pro-rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and may be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his or her pro-rata share of foreign taxes in computing his or her taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his or her U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to certain limitations. In particular, a shareholder must hold his or her shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 more days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a gain dividend. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Each shareholder will be notified within 60 days after the close of the Funds taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will pass through for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholders U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Funds income will flow through to shareholders of the Fund. With respect to the Funds, gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables will be treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. A shareholder may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of his or her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. The foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the revised alternative minimum tax imposed on corporations and individuals and foreign taxes generally are not deductible in computing alternative minimum taxable income.
Original Issue Discount and Pay-in-Kind Securities
Current federal tax law requires the holder of a U.S. Treasury or other fixed-income zero-coupon security to accrue as income each year a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased, even though the holder receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In addition, pay-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt securities that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (OID) is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. A portion of the OID includable in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate debt securities (including certain pay-in-kind securities) may be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain
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recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
Some debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount, or OID in the case of certain types of debt securities. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
A fund that holds the foregoing kinds of securities may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount, which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually receive. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realize net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Shareholders of the Fund may be subject to state and local taxes on distributions received from the Fund and on redemptions of the Funds shares.
A brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution accompany each distribution. In January of each year the Fund issues to each shareholder a statement of the federal income tax status of all distributions.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisers about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Fund has selected Deloitte & Touche LLP, located at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1000, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, as its independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year providing services including (1) audit of annual financial statements, and (2) assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Thompson Hine LLP, 41 South High Street, Suite 1700, Columbus, Ohio 43215 serves as the Trusts legal counsel.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements and report of the independent registered public accounting firm required to be included in this SAI are hereby incorporated by reference to the Annual Report for the Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. You can obtain a copy of the Annual Report without charge by calling the Fund at 1-877-772-5838.
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Appendix A: PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Summary of the Advisers and each Sub-Advisers Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
ALTEGRIS ADVISORS, L.L.C.
16. | Proxy voting Policy |
Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-6 and Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act, it is a fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act, practice or course of business, within the meaning of Section 206(4) of the Advisers Act, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, unless (A) the adviser has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interests of its clients, (B) the adviser describes its proxy voting procedures to its clients and provides copies on request, and (C) the adviser discloses to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.
16.1 | Voting Proxies |
With respect to the Investment Funds, the Adviser does not transact securities transactions on behalf of the Investment Funds except for its allocation (and subsequent subscriptions and redemptions) into each Investment Funds respective Underlying Fund(s). These Underlying Funds are privately offered securities. Once allocated, the Adviser does not exercise discretion with respect to the underlying investments purchased by the private investment fund managers of the Underlying Funds in which the Investment Funds invest. Therefore, it is anticipated that the managers of the Underlying Funds will vote all proxies. However, should an Investment Fund be put in a position to vote a security, the Adviser will adhere to this Proxy Voting Policy.
With respect to the Advisory Funds (other than a Closed-End Fund), the Adviser currently conveys all authority to vote proxies on their behalf to sub-advisers, pursuant to the sub-advisory agreements entered into between the Adviser and each respective sub-adviser. However, should a sub-adviser not be in a position to vote a proxy relating to a security held by an Advisory Fund, the Adviser stands prepared, upon notice and in accordance with applicable proxy voting policies, to take the necessary action. The Adviser will review and maintain a record of the sub-advisers policies, procedures, and reporting provided to the NLFT with respect to related matters, including the Form N-PX. The Adviser will review its operations at least annually to confirm compliance with its policies and procedures. With respect to a Closed-End Fund, the Adviser may determine to retain authority to vote proxies and will follow the Proxy Voting Policy described below.
The Adviser will vote proxies on behalf of its Clients, as required. In order to fulfill its responsibilities under the Advisers Act, the Adviser has adopted the following policies and procedures for proxy voting with regard to companies in the investment portfolio of Advisory Funds.
A. | All proxies sent to Clients that are actually received by the Adviser (to vote on behalf of the Client) will be provided to the Executive Officers. |
B. | The Executive Officers will generally adhere to the following procedures (subject to limited exception): |
1. | A written record of each proxy received by the Adviser (on behalf of its Clients) will be kept in the Advisers files; |
2. | The Executive Officers will determine which of the Advisers Clients holds the security to which the proxy relates; |
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3. | Prior to voting any proxies, the Executive Officers will determine if there are any conflicts of interest related to the proxy in question in accordance with the general guidelines set forth below. If a conflict is identified, the Executive Officers will then make a determination (which may be in consultation with outside legal counsel) as to whether the conflict is material. |
4. | If no material conflict is identified pursuant to these procedures, the Executive Officers will vote the proxy in accordance with the guidelines set forth below. The Executive Officers will deliver the proxy in accordance with instructions related to such proxy in a timely and appropriate manner. |
5. | If, as a result of a decrease in the outstanding voting securities of an unaffiliated investment company or UIT, the Advisory Group (or a sub-advisory group), each in the aggregate, becomes a holder of 25 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the unaffiliated investment company or UIT, then the Adviser (or the Adviser will cause a sub-adviser) will vote its shares of the unaffiliated investment company or UIT in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of the unaffiliated investment companys or UITs shares. |
16.2 | Conflicts of Interest |
A. | As stated above, in evaluating how to vote a proxy, the Executive Officers will first determine whether there is a material conflict of interest related to the proxy in question between Adviser and its Clients. This examination will include (but will not be limited to) an evaluation of whether the Adviser (or any affiliate of the Adviser) has any business or personal relationship with the company (or an affiliate of the company) to which the proxy relates outside of an investment in such company by a Client of the Adviser. |
B. | If a conflict is identified and deemed material by the Executive Officers, the Adviser may resolve such conflicts in a variety of ways. In most cases, to the extent that there is little or no discretion to deviate from the Advisory Funds policies and procedures on the proposal in question, proxies will be voted in accordance with such pre-determined guidelines. In other situations, the Executive Officers may (a) defer to the voting recommendation of either a non-conflicted party or an independent third party proxy voting service provider; (b) in consultation with legal counsel determine the appropriate method to resolve the conflict of interest; or (c) vote pursuant to client direction. The method selected may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of each situation. Examples of material conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to: a situation where the adviser provides significant investment advisory or other services to a company whose management is soliciting proxies; an officer of the Adviser serves on the board of a charitable organization that receives charitable contributions from the portfolio company and the charitable organization is a client of the Adviser; a portfolio company that is a significant selling agent of the Advisers products and services solicits proxies; a broker-dealer or insurance company that controls 5% or more of the Advisers assets solicits proxies; the Adviser and the portfolio company have a lending relationship. In each of these situations voting against management may cause the Adviser a loss of revenue or other benefit. |
C. | With respect to ERISA clients whose advisory contract reserves the right to vote proxies when the Adviser has determined that a material conflict exists that affects its best judgment as a fiduciary to the ERISA client, the Adviser will: |
1. | Give the ERISA client the opportunity to vote the proxies in question themselves; or |
2. | Follow designated special proxy voting procedures related to voting proxies pursuant to the terms of the investment management agreement with such ERISA clients (if any). |
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16.3 | Proxy Voting Guidelines |
Proxy proposals received by the Adviser that relate to matters involving Clients accounts or investments will be reviewed to determine the relevance of issues presented by the proxies, and the materiality of those issues to Clients. Such determinations will be made by the Executive Officers, or by a department head or other person (a Designated Officer) having delegated authority from the Executive Officers to make such determinations. The Executive Officers or a Designated Officer will then: (1) vote the proxy (or determine not to cast a vote) consistent with his, her, or their professional investment judgment as to what course of action best serves the financial and economic interests of Clients affected by the proxy; or (2) instruct an underlying sub-adviser, manager or custodian of Clients assets, as applicable, regarding how to vote the proxy (or not to cast a vote) consistent with his, her, or their professional investment judgment as to what course of action best serves the financial and economic interests of Clients affected by the proxy.
As a matter of general policy, the Adviser is likely to vote against any management proposals from publicly held companies that may, if passed, serve to insulate companies from the discipline of the market, from accountability to shareholders or from prudent regulatory compliance. Although each proxy may present unique issues requiring special consideration, the Advisers policies with respect to typical categories of proxies received from time to time in connection with Clients investments are set out below.
Operational Proposals. Proxies that relate to this category of proposals are a standard and necessary aspect of business operations of companies in which the Adviser may invest, and often may not have a significant effect on the value of the investment. Factors that may be considered in reviewing these proposals include the financial performance of the company, attendance and independence of board members and committees, and enforcement of strict accounting practices. If the Adviser determines to vote such proxies relating to operational proposals, it generally will be inclined to support company management in such matters, unless in the professional judgment of the Executive Officers or a Designated Officer the particular proposals to be voted on appear not to be in the best interests of Clients. Operations related proposals often relate to matters including, but not limited to: (1) name changes; (2) election of directors; (3) ratification of auditors; (4) maintenance of directors and officers indemnification and liability policies; or (5) ratification of employee stock purchase or ownership plans.
Changes in Corporate Structure or Status. Proxies relating to this category of proposals typically involve changes in status, ownership or classes of securities of a corporation, such as proposals regarding: (1) mergers, acquisitions, and restructurings; (2) reincorporations; or (3) changes in capitalization. Proxies falling within this category for which the Adviser determines to cast a vote will be reviewed by the Executive Officers or a Designated Officer, and voted, on a case-by-case basis taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances surrounding each such proposal.
Shareholder Democracy. The Adviser generally will be inclined to support proposals that enhance shareholder democracy, and vote against proposals that attempt to materially limit shareholder democracy or restrict the ability of Clients to realize the value of their investments. Proposals that restrict shareholder democracy may include, for example, proposals endorsing or facilitating: (1) unreasonable increases in indemnification or liability protections for directors and officers; (2) supermajorities or other unequal voting rights proposals; (3) classified or staggered boards of directors; (4) authorization of additional outstanding causing unfair dilution to existing shareholders interests; or (5) altered corporate structure or change in corporate domicile disadvantageous to the economic interests of shareholders.
Executive Compensation. The Adviser believes generally that reasonable compensation is appropriate for directors, executives and employees of companies in which the Adviser invests on behalf of Clients. Compensation should be used as an incentive to align the interests of the involved parties with the long-term financial success of a company but should not be excessive or utilized in a way that compromises independence or creates conflicts of interest. The Adviser will review any proxy proposals relating to executive compensation for which it determines to cast a vote on a case-by-case basis in light of these general principles and the relevant facts and circumstances surrounding each such proposal.
Other Matters. Other categories of proxy proposals include those that address social, environmental, and issues of conscience with regard to the business conduct of a company. As with all proxies, the Adviser will review each issue on a case-by-case basis in accordance with these Proxy Voting Policies to determine what will best benefit the financial and economic interests of any Clients affected by each such proposal.
16.4 | Disclosure of Procedures |
Clients will be provided with contact information as to how they can obtain information about: (1) the Advisers proxy voting procedures (i.e., a copy of these procedures); and (2) how the Adviser voted proxies that are relevant to the affected Client.
16.5 | Record-keeping Requirements |
The Executive Officers will be responsible for maintaining files relating to the Advisers proxy voting procedures. Records will be maintained and preserved for five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on a record, with records for the first two years kept in the offices of the Adviser. Records of the following will be included in the files:
A. | Copies of these proxy voting policies and procedures, and any amendments thereto; |
B. | A copy of each proxy statement that the Adviser actually received; provided, however, that the Adviser may rely on obtaining a copy of proxy statements from the SECs EDGAR system for those proxy statements that are so available; |
C. | A record of each vote that the Adviser casts; |
D. | A copy of any document that the Adviser created that was material to making a decision on how to vote the proxies, or memorializes that decision (if any); and |
E. | A copy of each written request for information on how the Adviser voted such Clients proxies and a copy of any written response to any request for information on how the Adviser voted proxies on behalf of Clients. |
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American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures:
Mutual Funds, Private Funds, and Separately Managed Accounts
American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC (AACA) has adopted the following guidelines (the Guidelines) pursuant to which it, in the absence of special circumstances, generally shall vote proxies for its advised/sub-advised registered mutual funds, advised/sub-advised private funds (pooled investment vehicles), and separately managed account clients (collectively, Clients and each individually, a Client). These Guidelines are designed to reasonably ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of the Clients.
I. | Duty to Vote Proxies |
AACA views seriously its responsibility to exercise voting authority over securities that are owned by Clients.
A. | It is the policy of AACA to review each proxy statement on an individual basis and to vote exclusively with the goal to best serve the financial interests of the Client. |
B. | To document that proxies are being voted, AACA will keep a record reflecting when and how each proxy is voted. AACA will keep and maintain such records consistent with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act), and other applicable regulations. AACA will make its proxy voting history and policies and procedures available to Clients upon request. To request a written copy, Clients, or their agents, may contact AACA at (858) 345-1470 or by writing to AACA at 3430 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 150, San Diego, CA 92121. |
C. | AACA may utilize the services of an outside proxy service provider selected by its management at its sole discretion, provided that AACA determines that the instructions given to such outside proxy service provider are in the best interests of its Clients. |
II. | Guidelines for Voting Proxies |
AACA will generally vote proxies so as to promote the long-term economic value of the underlying securities, and generally will follow the Guidelines provided below. Each proxy proposal should be considered on its own merits, and an independent determination will be made whether to support or oppose managements position. AACA believes that the recommendation of management should be given substantial weight, but AACA will not support management proposals that may be detrimental to the underlying financial value of a stock.
AACAs portfolio management and compliance department will be responsible for administrating and overseeing the proxy voting process.
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The Guidelines set forth below deal with the two basic categories of proxy proposals. While they are not exhaustive, they do provide a good indication of AACAs general approach to a wide range of issues.
AACA usually will oppose proposals that dilute the economic interest of shareholders, reduce shareholders voting rights, or otherwise limit their authority. Proxies will be voted in what is believed to be in Clients best interest and not necessarily always with management. Each situation is considered individually within the general guidelines. Routine proposals normally are voted based on the recommendation of the issuers management. Non-routine proposals that could meaningfully impact the position of existing shareholders are given special consideration and voted in a manner that is believed to support the interests of the Client.
In certain circumstances, AACA may choose not to exercise its proxy voting authority with respect to separately managed accounts. For example: when AACA believes that the costs to be incurred in assessing the Clients best interest are greater than the benefits of exercising voting authority; when AACA has received or delivered a notice of termination of its investment management agreement with a Client, even if AACA retains trading authority for a transitional period; when the Client has provided specific voting instructions in writing as to its proxies; or when the Client has specified in writing that it will retain the authority to vote proxies or that it has delegated the right to a third party. AACA always will exercise its proxy voting authority for private funds and mutual funds it advises/sub-advises.
A. | Routine Proposals |
Routine proposals are those that do not propose to change the structure, bylaws, or operations of the corporation to the detriment of the shareholders. Given the routine nature of these proposals, proxies will nearly always be voted with management. Traditionally, routine proposals include:
● | Approval of auditors |
● | Election of directors and officers of the corporation |
● | Indemnification provisions for directors |
● | Liability limitations of directors |
● | Name changes |
● | Declaring stock splits |
● | Elimination of preemptive rights |
● | Incentive compensation plans |
● | Changing the date and/or the location of the annual meetings |
● | Minor amendments to the articles of incorporation |
● | Employment contracts between the company and its executives and remuneration for directors |
● | Automatic dividend reinvestment plans |
● | Retirement plans, pensions plans and profit sharing plans, creation of and amendments thereto |
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B. | Non-Routine Proposals |
These proposals are more likely to affect the structure and operations of the corporation and, therefore, will have a greater impact on the value of the stock. The portfolio voting the proxy will review each issue in this category on a case-by-case basis. AACA will be especially critical of lavish executive compensation and highly priced merger acquisition proposals, which would tend to lower future corporate earnings potential. Non-routine proposals typically include:
● | Mergers and acquisitions |
● | Restructuring |
● | Reincorporation or formation |
● | Changes in capitalization |
● | Increase or decrease in number of directors |
● | Increase or decrease in preferred stock |
● | Increase or decrease in common stock |
● | Stock option plans or other compensation plans |
● | Social issues |
● | Poison pills |
● | Golden parachutes |
● | Greenmail |
● | Supermajority voting |
● | Board classification without cumulative voting |
● | Confidential voting |
AACA will typically accept managements recommendations on shareholder proposed social issues, since it does not have the means to either evaluate the economic impact of such proposals, or determine a consensus among shareholders social and political viewpoints.
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C. | Proposals Specific to Mutual Funds |
AACA serves as investment adviser to certain investment companies, including an investment company under the Northern Lights Fund Trust. These funds may invest in other investment companies that are not affiliated (Underlying Funds) and are required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) to handle proxies received from Underlying Funds in a certain manner. Notwithstanding the guidelines provided in these procedures, it is the policy of AACA to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from fund shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act. After properly voted, the proxy materials are placed in a file maintained by the Chief Compliance Officer for future reference.
III. | Conflicts of Interests |
AACA is sensitive to conflicts of interest that may arise in the proxy decision-making process between AACA, its affiliated companies, and their clients, or between Clients interests and the interests of AACA, AACAs other clients, and AACAs affiliated companies. AACA will seek to resolve all conflicts in the best interest of its clients. Voting in accordance with the Guidelines described above will generally prevent any conflicts that may appear to exist from affecting AACAs voting. However, if a conflict of interest with respect to a proxy vote is identified, AACA will not vote the proxy until it has been determined that the conflict of interest is not material, or will take appropriate steps to resolve the conflict of interest. In assessing whether a conflict of interest is material and the steps to resolve the conflict, AACA will consult with senior management, the Chief Compliance Officer, and, as appropriate, an independent consultant or outside counsel in order to act in the collective best interest of AACAs clients. If a conflict of interest cannot be eliminated or resolved, AACA will provide full and fair disclosure of the conflict of interest and obtain informed consent from its clients.
IV. | Recordkeeping and Reporting |
AACA is required to maintain records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204(2) of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2(c) thereunder. AACA will maintain and make available to Clients for review a copy of its proxy voting policies and procedures, a record of each vote cast, and each written and verbal Client request for proxy voting records.
Proxy voting books and records are maintained by AACA for five years. If requested in written form, the proxy voting history and policies and procedures shall be sent to a Client within five business days of such a request. To request a written copy, Clients, or their agents, may contact AACA at (858) 345-1470 or by writing to AACA at 3430 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 150, San Diego, CA 92121.
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For additional information, visit altegris.com
Northern Lights Fund Trust
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 28.
EXHIBITS.
ITEM 29.
PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT.
None.
ITEM 30.
INDEMNIFICATION.
Article VIII, Section 2(a) of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that to the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of Trustees and officers are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act of 2002, the officers and Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any act or omission of: any agent or employee of the Trust; any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust; or with respect to each Trustee and officer, the act or omission of any other Trustee or officer, respectively. The Trust, out of the Trust Property, is required to indemnify and hold harmless each and every officer and Trustee from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever arising out of or related to such officer’s or Trustee’s performance of his or her duties as an officer or Trustee of the Trust. This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust whether or not such person is a Trustee or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted. Nothing contained in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust indemnifies, holds harmless or protects any officer or Trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
Article VIII, Section 2(b) provides that every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or document whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust, the officers or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in such Person’s capacity as Trustee and/or as officer, and such Trustee or officer, as applicable, shall not be personally liable therefore, except as described in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 2 of Article VIII.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions of Delaware law and the Agreement and Declaration of the Registrant or the By-Laws of the Registrant, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Northern Lights Distributors (NLD), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls NLD within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which NLD, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrant’s failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrant’s failure to provide NLD with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (Foreside), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls Foreside within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which Foreside, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrant’s failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrant’s failure to provide Foreside with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold ALPS Distributors, Inc. (ALPS), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls ALPS within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which ALPS, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrant’s failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrant’s failure to provide ALPS with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Fund Services Agreement and ETF Fund Services Agreement with Ultimus Fund Services (UFS) provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify and hold UFS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to the Registrant’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement, or which arise out of the Registrant’s lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Registrant’s performance under or in connection with this Agreement.
The Consulting Agreement with Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS) provides that the Registrant agree to indemnify and hold NLCS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to the Trust’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement, or which arise out of the Trust’s lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Trust’s performance under or in connection with the Agreement. NLCS shall not be liable for, and shall be entitled to rely upon, and may act upon information, records and reports generated by the Trust, advice of the Trust, or of counsel for the Trust and upon statements of the Trust’s independent accountants, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such records and reports.
ITEM 31.
BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER.
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of each Advisor of each series of the Trust is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the respective Prospectus captioned “Investment Advisor” and to the section of the respective Statement of Additional Information captioned “Investment Advisory and Other Services.” The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of each Advisor is incorporated by reference to the Advisor’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Each Advisor’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov, and may be requested by File No. as follows:
Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to The Biondo Focus Fund- File No. 801 - 62775
Changing Parameters, LLC, the Adviser to Changing Parameters Fund -- File No. 801-63495
The Pacific Financial Group, LLC, the Adviser to PFG PIMCO Active Core Bond Strategy Fund, PFG American Funds Conservative Income Strategy, PFG American Funds Growth Strategy Fund, PFG BNY Mellon® Diversifier Strategy Fund, PFG BR Target Allocation Equity Strategy Fund, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Equity Index Strategy, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Equity Sector Strategy, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond Strategy Fund, PFG Invesco® Equity Factor Rotation Strategy Fund PFG Janus Henderson® Balanced Strategy, PFG JP Morgan® Tactical Aggressive Strategy Fund, PFG JP Morgan® Tactical Moderate Strategy Fund, PFG Meeder Tactical Strategy Fund, PFG MFS® Aggressive Growth Strategy Fund, PFG Tactical Income Strategy Fund, PFG Global Equity Index Strategy Fund, PFG US Equity Index Strategy Fund, and PFG Growth Strategy Fund File No. 801 - 18151
Ocean Park Asset Management, LLC, the Adviser of Sierra Tactical All Asset Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Fund (formerly Sierra Strategic Income Fund), Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund, Sierra Tactical Bond Fund Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 30 Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 50 Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 70 Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Growth Fund, Ocean Park Domestic ETF, Ocean Park International ETF, Ocean Park Diversified Income ETF and Ocean Park High Income ETF – File No. 801- 68554
Toews Corporation, the Adviser of the Toews Tactical Oceana Fund, Toews Tactical Income Fund, Toews Tactical Monument Fund, Toews Tactical Opportunity Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund, Toews Tactical Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund, Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund, Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF – File No. 801- 47765
BTS Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund, BTS Managed Income Fund and BTS Enhanced Equity Income Fund – File No.801-14895.
Astor Investment Management, LLC, Adviser of the Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund, Astor Sector Rotation Fund and Astor Macro Alternative Fund– File No. 801-60150.
13D Management, LLC, the Adviser of 13D Activist Fund – File No. 801-71577.
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., the Adviser of Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund and Altegris/Crabel Multi-Strategy Fund – File No. 801- 71496.
Donoghue Forlines LLC, the Adviser of Donoghue Forlines Tactical Income Fund, Donoghue Forlines Dividend Fund, Donoghue Forlines Momentum Fund, Donoghue Forlines Tactical Allocation Fund, Donoghue Forlines Risk Managed Income Fund– File No. 801-27959.
Transwestern Capital Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund – File No. 801-67113.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., the Sub-Adviser of the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund – File No. 801-170.
Name and Position with Investment Adviser | Name and Principal Business Address of Other Company | Connection with Other Company |
Kevin P. Charleston Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
|
Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis Funds Trust I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis Funds Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis Funds Trust IV 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis ETF Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis ETF Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Gateway Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
Representative of Loomis Sayles as a corporate Director | |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and President | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
Director | |
Loomis Sayles Operating Services, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 (dissolved 12/20/22) | Director, Chairman and President (2020 - 2022) | |
NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 | Manager | |
Matthew J. Eagan Co-Head and Portfolio Manager, Full Discretion, and Director |
None. | None. |
Daniel J. Fuss Vice Chairman and Director |
Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Executive Vice President (2003 - 2021) |
Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Executive Vice President (2003 - 2021) | |
John R. Gidman Chief Operating Officer and Director |
Loomis Sayles Operating Services, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 (dissolved 12/20/22) | Director and Chief Executive Officer (2020 - 2022) |
NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 | Manager | |
David L. Giunta Director |
Natixis Investment Managers 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and Chief Executive Officer, US |
Natixis Advisors, LLC 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Compliance, Risk and Internal Control Committee (formerly known as Natixis Distribution Corporation) 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Natixis Distribution, LLC 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee and Executive Vice President | |
Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Natixis Funds Trust I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Natixis Funds Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Natixis Funds Trust IV 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Natixis ETF Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Natixis ETF Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Gateway Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 | Manager | |
Aziz V. Hamzaogullari Chief Investment Officer, Growth Equity Strategies, Portfolio Manager and Director |
None. | None. |
Kinji Kato Director |
Natixis Investment Managers Japan Ark Hills South Tower 8F 4-5, Roppongi 1-chome, Minato-ku Tokyo 106-0032 Japan |
Honorary Chairman |
Maurice Leger Head of Global Distribution and Director |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager |
Richard G. Raczkowski Co-Head and Portfolio Manager, Relative Return, and Director |
None. | None. |
Rebecca O’Brien Radford General Counsel, Secretary and Director (1/1/23 to present); Deputy General Counsel (2021 to 2023) |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director |
Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
General Counsel and Secretary | |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and Secretary | |
Loomis Sayles Operating Services, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 (dissolved 12/20/22) | Director and Secretary (2020 - 2022) | |
NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 | Manager and General Counsel | |
Susan L. Sieker Chief Financial Officer and Director |
Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
Chief Financial Officer |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and Chief Financial Officer | |
NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and Chief Financial Officer | |
Elaine M. Stokes Co-Head and Portfolio Manager, Full Discretion, and Director |
None. | None. |
David L. Waldman Deputy Chief Investment Officer (2013 to 2021), Chief Investment Officer (2021 to present) and Director |
None. | None. |
Clark Capital Management Group Inc., the Adviser of the Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Navigator Ultra Short Bond Fund, Navigator Tactical U.S. Allocation Fund and Navigator Tactical Investment Grade Bond – File No. 801-28445.
Dearborn Capital Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Grant Park Multi-Alternative Strategies Fund – File No. 801-72068.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, the Co-Advisor of Eagle MLP Strategy Fund and Adviser to Princeton Futures Strategy Fund, Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund, Princeton Premium Fund and Princeton Adaptive Premium Fund – File No. 801-72525.
Eagle Global Advisors, LLC, the Co-Advisor of Eagle MLP Strategy Fund – File No. 801-53294.
Deer Park Road Management, LP, Sub-Adviser of Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund – File No. 801-74577
American Assets Investment Management, LLC (DBA AACA), the Sub-Adviser of Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund – File No. 801-65209
AthenaInvest Advisors LLC, the Adviser of Athena Behavioral Tactical Fund – File No. 801-69258.
Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund and Ladenburg Income Fund – File No. 801-54909.
Horse Cove Partners LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Princeton Premium Fund – File No. 801-107577.
ITEM 32.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
(a) | Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (“NLD”), the principal underwriter to the Trust also acts as principal underwriter for the following: |
Absolute Core Strategy ETF, Advisor One Funds, Arrow ETF Trust, DWA Tactical ETF, Arrow QVM Equity Factor ETF, Arrow Reserve Capital Management ETF, Arrow Dogs of the World ETF, Arrow DWA Country Rotation ETF, Arrow ETF Trust, Ballast Small/Mid Cap ETF, Boyar Value Fund Inc., Copeland Trust, Humankind Benefit Corporation, Miller Investment Trust, Mutual Fund and Variable Insurance Trust, Mutual Fund Series Trust, New Age Alpha Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust II, Northern Lights Fund Trust III, Northern Lights Fund Trust IV, Northern Lights Variable Trust, PREDEX, Princeton Private Investment Access Fund, The North Country Funds, The Saratoga Advantage Trust, Tributary Funds, Inc., Two Roads Shared Trust, and Uncommon Investment Funds Trust.
Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:
1. | ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund |
2. | Absolute Shares Trust |
3. | Active Weighting Funds ETF Trust |
4. | AdvisorShares Trust |
5. | AmericaFirst Quantitative Funds |
6. | American Century ETF Trust |
7. | ARK ETF Trust |
8. | Avenue Mutual Funds Trust |
9. | BP Capital TwinLine Energy Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios |
10. | BP Capital TwinLine MLP Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios |
11. | Braddock Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
12. | Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
13. | Brinker Capital Destinations Trust |
14. | Calvert Ultra-Short Duration Income NextShares, Series of Calvert Management Series |
15. | Center Coast MLP & Infrastructure Fund |
16. | Center Coast MLP Focus Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
17. | Context Capital Funds |
18. | CornerCap Group of Funds |
19. | Davis Fundamental ETF Trust |
20. | Direxion Shares ETF Trust |
21. | Eaton Vance NextShares Trust |
22. | Eaton Vance NextShares Trust II |
23. | EIP Investment Trust |
24. | Elkhorn ETF Trust |
25. | EntrepreneurShares Series Trust |
26. | Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund |
27. | Exchange Listed Funds Trust (f/k/a Exchange Traded Concepts Trust II) |
28. | FEG Absolute Access Fund I LLC |
29. | Fiera Capital Series Trust |
30. | FlexShares Trust |
31. | Forum Funds |
32. | Forum Funds II |
33. | FQF Trust |
34. | Friess Small Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series |
35. | GraniteShares ETF Trust |
36. | Guinness Atkinson Funds |
37. | Horizons ETF Trust I (f/k/a Recon Capital Series Trust) |
38. | Infinity Core Alternative Fund |
39. | Innovator IBD® 50 ETF, Series of Innovator ETFs Trust |
40. | Innovator IBD® ETF Leaders ETF, Series of Innovator ETFs Trust |
41. | Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
42. | Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
43. | John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust |
44. | Manor Investment Funds |
45. | Miller/Howard Funds Trust |
46. | Miller/Howard High Income Equity Fund |
47. | Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV |
48. | MProved Systematic Long-Short Fund, Series Portfolios Trust |
49. | Mproved Systematic Merger Arbitrage Fund, Series Portfolios Trust |
50. | Mproved Systematic Multi-Strategy Fund, Series Portfolios Trust |
51. | NYSE® Pickens Oil Response™ ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
52. | OSI ETF Trust |
53. | Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund |
54. | Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC |
55. | PENN Capital Funds Trust |
56. | Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
57. | Pine Grove Alternative Institutional Fund |
58. | Plan Investment Fund, Inc. |
59. | PMC Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
60. | Point Bridge GOP Stock Tracker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
61. | Quaker Investment Trust |
62. | Ranger Funds Investment Trust |
63. | Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds |
64. | RMB Investors Trust (f/k/a Burnham Investors Trust) |
65. | Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
66. | Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
67. | Salient MF Trust |
68. | SharesPost 100 Fund |
69. | Sound Shore Fund, Inc. |
70. | Steben Alternative Investment Funds |
71. | Steben Select Multi-Strategy Fund |
72. | Strategy Shares |
73. | The 504 Fund (f/k/a The Pennant 504 Fund) |
74. | The Chartwell Funds |
75. | The Community Development Fund |
76. | The Relative Value Fund |
77. | Third Avenue Trust |
78. | Third Avenue Variable Series Trust |
79. | TIFF Investment Program |
80. | Transamerica ETF Trust |
81. | U.S. Global Investors Funds |
82. | VictoryShares Developed Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
83. | VictoryShares Dividend Accelerator ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
84. | VictoryShares Emerging Market High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
85. | VictoryShares Emerging Market Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
86. | VictoryShares International High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
87. | VictoryShares International Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
88. | VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
89. | VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
90. | VictoryShares US Discovery Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
91. | VictoryShares US EQ Income Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
92. | VictoryShares US Large Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
93. | VictoryShares US Multi-Factor Minimum Volatility ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
94. | VictoryShares US Small Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
95. | VictoryShares US Small Cap Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
96. | Vivaldi Opportunities Fund |
97. | West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Chilton Realty Income & Growth Fund) |
98. | Wintergreen Fund, Inc. |
99. | WisdomTree Trust |
100. | WST Investment Trust |
ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the 13D Activist Fund, a series of the Trust and the following investment companies: ALPS Series Trust, Arbitrage Funds, AQR Funds, Babson Capital Funds Trust, BBH Trust, BLDRS Index Funds Trust, BPV Family of Funds, Broadview Funds Trust, Brown Management Funds, Caldwell & Orkin Funds, Inc., Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust, Centaur Mutual Funds Trust, Century Capital Management Trust, Columbia ETF Trust, CornerCap Group of Funds, Cortina Funds, Inc., CRM Mutual Fund Trust, Cullen Funds, DBX ETF TRUST, db-X Exchange-Traded Funds Inc., Centre Funds, EGA Emerging Global Shares Trust, EGA Frontier Diversified Core Fund, Financial Investors Trust, Firsthand Funds, Heartland Group, Inc., Henssler Funds, Inc., Holland Balanced Fund, IndexIQ Trust, Index IQ ETF Trust, James Advantage Funds, Laudus Trust, Laudus Institutional Trust, Mairs & Power Funds Trust, Oak Associates Funds, Pax World Series Trust I, Pax World Funds Trust II, PowerShares QQQ 100 Trust Series 1, RiverNorth Funds, Russell Exchange Traded Funds Trust, SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust, SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust, Stadion Investment Trust, Stone Harbor Investment Funds, Transparent Value Trust, Wakefield Alternative Series Trust, Wasatch Funds, WesMark Funds, Westcore Trust, Whitebox Mutual Funds, Williams Capital Liquid Assets Fund, Wilmington Funds and WisdomTree Trust.
(b) NLD is registered with Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal business address of NLD is 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474. NLD is an affiliate of Ultimus Fund Services, LLC. To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the following are the members and officers of NLD:
Name |
Positions and Offices with Underwriter |
Positions and Offices with the Fund |
Kevin Guerette | President | None |
David James | Manager | None |
Stephen Preston | Treasurer, Chief Compliance Officer, Financial Operations Principal and AML Compliance Officer | None |
William J. Strait | Manager, Secretary, and General Counsel | None |
Melvin Van Cleave | Chief Information Securities Officer | None |
(c) Not Applicable. No underwriting commissions are paid in connection with the sale of Registrant’s Shares.
Foreside Distribution Services, LP is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The following are the Officers of the Distributor:
Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant |
Richard J. Berthy | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | President, Treasurer and Manager | None |
Mark A. Fairbanks
|
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101
|
Vice President
|
None
|
Jennifer K. DiValerio
|
899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 | Vice President | None |
Nanette K. Chern | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Jennifer E. Hoopes | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None |
ALPS Distributors, Inc. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal address of ALPS is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203. The directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:
Name* | Position with Underwriter | Positions with Fund |
Edmund J. Burke | Director | None |
Jeremy O. May | President, Director | None |
Thomas A. Carter | Executive Vice President, Director | None |
Bradley J. Swenson | Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Robert J. Szydlowski | Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer | None |
Eric Parsons | Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer | None |
Steven Price | Vice President, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer | None |
James Stegall | Vice President, Institutional Sales Manager | None |
Gary Ross | Vice President, Director of Sales | None |
Erin D. Nelson | Vice President, Assistant General Counsel | None |
JoEllen Legg | Vice President, Assistant General Counsel | None |
David T. Buhler | Vice President, Senior Associate Counsel | None |
Rhonda A. Mills | Vice President, Associate Counsel | None |
Jennifer T. Welsh | Vice President, Associate Counsel | None |
Paul F. Leone | Vice President, Associate Counsel | None |
Randall D. Young | Secretary | None |
Gregg Wm. Givens | Vice President, Treasurer and Asst. Secretary | None |
* The principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.
( c ) Not Applicable.
ITEM 33.
LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.
The following entities prepare, maintain and preserve the records required by Section 31 (a) of the 1940 Act for the Registrant. These services are provided to the Registrant for such periods prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act and such records are the property of the entity required to maintain and preserve such records and will be surrendered promptly on request.
Bank of New York Mellon (“BONY”), located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, provides custodian services to Changing Parameters Fund, Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Navigator Tactical Investment Grade Bond, Navigator Tactical U.S. Allocation Fund Navigator Ultra Short Bond Fund, PFG PIMCO Active Core Bond Strategy Fund, PFG American Funds Conservative Income Strategy, PFG American Funds Growth Strategy Fund, PFG BNY Mellon® Diversifier Strategy Fund, PFG BR Target Allocation Equity Strategy Fund, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Equity Index Strategy, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Equity Sector Strategy, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond Strategy Fund, PFG Janus Henderson® Balanced Strategy, PFG Invesco® Equity Factor Rotation Strategy Fund PFG JP Morgan® Tactical Aggressive Strategy Fund, PFG JP Morgan® Tactical Moderate Strategy Fund, PFG Meeder Tactical Strategy Fund, PFG MFS® Aggressive Growth Strategy Fund, PFG Tactical Income Strategy Fund, PFG Global Equity Index Strategy Fund, PFG US Equity Index Strategy Fund, and PFG Growth Strategy Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BONY and the Trust.
U.S. Bank, National Association, 60 Livingston Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55107 (“USB”), provides custodian services to the Biondo Focus Fund, Princeton Premium Fund, Donoghue Forlines Tactical Income Fund, Donoghue Forlines Dividend Fund, Donoghue Forlines Momentum Fund, Donoghue Forlines Tactical Allocation Fund, Donoghue Forlines Risk Managed Income Fund, TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund, 13D Activist Fund, Eagle MLP Strategy Fund, BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Astor Macro Alternative Fund, Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund, Astor Sector Rotation Fund, Athena Behavioral Tactical Fund, Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund, Ladenburg Income Fund, BTS Managed Income Fund, Sierra Tactical All Asset Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Fund, Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund, Sierra Tactical Bond Fund, Princeton Adaptive Premium Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 30 Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 50 Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 70 Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Growth Fund, BTS Enhanced Equity Income Fund, Ocean Park Domestic ETF, Ocean Park International ETF, Ocean Park Diversified Income ETF and Ocean Park High Income ETF pursuant to a Custody Agreement between USB and the Trust.
Fifth Third Bank (“Fifth Third”), 38 Fountain Square Plaza Cincinnati, Ohio 45263, provides custodian services to Toews Tactical Oceana Fund, Toews Tactical Income Fund, Toews Tactical Monument Fund, Toews Tactical Opportunity Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund, Toews Tactical Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund, Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund, Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Fifth Third and the Trust.
JPMorgan Chase Bank (“JPMorgan”), 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, provides custodian services to Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund and Altegris/Crabel Multi-Strategy Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between JPMorgan and the Trust.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (“BBH”), 50 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides custodian and transfer agency services to Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BBH and the Trust.
Ultimus Fund Services, LLC (“UFS”), located at 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474, provides transfer agent and dividend disbursing services pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreements between UFS and the Trust. In such capacities, UFS provides pricing for each Fund’s portfolio securities, keeps records regarding securities and other assets in custody and in transfer, bank statements, canceled checks, financial books and records, and keeps records of each shareholder’s account and all disbursement made to shareholders. UFS also maintains all records required pursuant to Administrative Service Agreements with the Trust.
NLD, located at 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474, serves as principal underwriter for all series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, 13D Activist Fund, TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund and Princeton Futures Strategy Fund. NLD maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to each Fund’s Distribution Plan and Agreement adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
Foreside Distribution Services, LP, located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101, serves as principal underwriter for Princeton Futures Strategy Fund and maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to the Fund’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreements adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
ALPS Distribution Services, Inc., located at 1209 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, CO 80203, serves as principal underwriter for 13D Activist Fund and maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to the Fund’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreements adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, located at 544 Routes 6 & 209, PO Box 909, Milford, Pennsylvania 18337, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Biondo Focus Fund.
Changing Parameters, LLC, located at 250 Oak Grove Avenue, Suite A, Menlo Park, California 94025, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Changing Parameters Fund.
The Pacific Financial Group, LLC, located at 10900 NE 8th Street, Suite 1523, Bellevue, WA 98004, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to PFG PIMCO Active Core Bond Strategy Fund, PFG American Funds Conservative Income Strategy, PFG American Funds Growth Strategy Fund, PFG BNY Mellon® Diversifier Strategy Fund, PFG BR Target Allocation Equity Strategy Fund, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Equity Index Strategy, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Equity Sector Strategy, PFG Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond Strategy Fund, PFG Janus Henderson® Balanced Strategy, PFG JP Morgan® Tactical Aggressive Strategy Fund, PFG Invesco® Equity Factor Rotation Strategy Fund PFG JP Morgan® Tactical Moderate Strategy Fund, PFG Meeder Tactical Strategy Fund, PFG MFS® Aggressive Growth Strategy Fund, PFG Tactical Income Strategy Fund, PFG Global Equity Index Strategy Fund, PFG US Equity Index Strategy Fund, and PFG Growth Strategy Fund.
Ocean Park Asset Management, LLC, located at
3420 Ocean Park Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90405, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all
records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Sierra Tactical All Asset Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Growth Fund, Sierra Tactical
Core Fund, Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund, Sierra Tactical Bond Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 30 Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum
50 Fund, Sierra Tactical Risk Spectrum 70 Fund, Ocean Park Domestic ETF, Ocean Park International ETF, Ocean Park Diversified Income ETF
and Ocean Park High Income ETF.
Toews Corporation, Cornerstone Commerce Center, 1201 New Road, Suite 111, Linwood, NJ 08221, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Toews Tactical Oceana Fund, Toews Tactical Income Fund, Toews Tactical Monument Fund, Toews Tactical Opportunity Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund, Toews Tactical Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund, Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund, Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF.
BTS Asset Management, Inc. located at 420 Bedford Street, Suite 340, Lexington, MA 02420, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund, BTS Managed Income Fund and BTS Enhanced Equity Income Fund.
Astor Investment Management LLC., located at 111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 3950, Chicago, IL 60606, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund, Astor Sector Allocation Fund and Astor Macro Alternative Fund.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, 1125 17th Street, Suite 1400, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to certain Investment Advisory Agreements with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund, Athena Behavioral Tactical Fund, Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund, Princeton Premium Fund and Princeton Adaptive Premium Fund.
13D Management, LLC, 200 East 61 Street, Suite 17C, New York, NY 10065, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the 13D Activist Fund.
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400, La Jolla, CA 92037, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund and Altegris/Crabel Multi-Strategy Fund.
Donoghue Forlines LLC, 629 Washington Street, Norwood, MA 02062 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Donoghue Forlines Tactical Income Fund, Donoghue Forlines Dividend Fund, Donoghue Forlines Momentum Fund, Donoghue Forlines Tactical Allocation Fund, Donoghue Forlines Risk Managed Income Fund.
TransWestern Capital Advisors, LLC, 1743 Wazee Street, Suite 250, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust and as the distributor for such fund, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement and Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Agreement adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, pursuant to a Sub- Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund.
Clark Capital Management Group, Inc., 1650 Market Street, 53rd Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Navigator Tactical Investment Grade Bond, Navigator Tactical U.S. Allocation Fund and Navigator Ultra Short Bond Fund.
Dearborn Capital Management, LLC, 626 W. Jackson Street, Chicago, IL 60661 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Grant Park Multi-Alternative Strategies Fund.
Eagle Global Advisors, LLC, 5847 San Felipe, Suite 930, Houston TX 77057, pursuant to a Co-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund.
Deer Park Road Management, LP, 1865 Ski Time Square, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 pursuant to certain Sub-Advisory Agreements, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund.
American Assets Investment Management, LLC (dba AACA), 11455 El Camino Real, Suite 140, San Diego, CA 92130, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Long Short Fund.
AthenaInvest Advisors LLC 5340 S. Quebec Street, Suite 365-N, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, pursuant to an Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Athena Behavioral Tactical Fund.
Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc. 507 Lexington Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10022, pursuant to an Advisory Agreement, will maintain all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund and Ladenburg Income Fund.
Horse Cove Partners LLC, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Suite 120, Atlanta, GA 30339, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Princeton Premium Fund.
ITEM 34.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 35.
UNDERTAKINGS.
One or more of the Registrant’s series may invest up to 25% of its respective total assets in a wholly-owned and controlled subsidiary (each a “Subsidiary” and collectively the “Subsidiaries”). Each Subsidiary will operate under the supervision of the Registrant. The Registrant hereby undertakes that the Subsidiaries will submit to inspection by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has met all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act, and the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1459 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized in the City of Hauppauge, State of New York on the 25th of April 2024.
NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST
(Registrant)
By:/s/ Kevin Wolf
Kevin Wolf*
President and Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to the Securities Act, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Northern Lights Fund Trust
John V. Palancia* | Trustee | April 25, 2024 |
Gary Lanzen* | Trustee | April 25, 2024 |
Anthony Hertl* | Trustee & Chairman | April 25, 2024 |
Mark Taylor* | Trustee | April 25, 2024 |
Mark D. Gersten* | Trustee | April 25, 2024 |
Mark Garbin* | Trustee | April 25, 2024 |
Jim Colantino* | Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer | April 25, 2024 |
Kevin Wolf | President and Principal Executive Officer | April 25, 2024 |
By: Date:
/s/ Kevin Wolf April 25, 2024
Kevin Wolf, President
*Attorney-in-Fact – Pursuant to Powers of Attorney previously filed on April 1, 2011, January 9, 2012, September 27, 2013, September 1, 2016, June 30, 2017 and September 1, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 234, No. 346, No. 535, No. 862, No. 981 and No. 1,001 respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Exhibit No. |
Consent of Counsel | (i)(2) |
Consent of Independent Auditor | (j)(1) |