2 – BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING CRITERIA

2.1          Accounting principles and basis of preparation

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS" Accounting Standards) and the Interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) applicable to companies reporting under IFRS.

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared following the going concern principle by applying the historical cost method, with the exception, according to IFRS, of those assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value.

These Consolidated Statements reflect the consolidated financial position of Embotelladora Andina S.A. and its Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the periods between January 1 and December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and the related notes.

The Company’s 2023 local statutory consolidated financial statements in Spanish were approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on January 30, 2024, with subsequent events first being considered through that date. Those local statutory consolidated financial statements consisted of consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 along with consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity, and consolidated statement of cash flows (and related disclosures), each for the two years then ended.

Included in this 2023 consolidated financial statements are consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, along with consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows (and the related disclosures) for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. This three-year presentation of operations, changes in equity and of cash flows is required by the rules of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. The accompanying English language IFRS consolidated financial statements are consistent with the previously issued local statutory consolidated financial statements, except for the disaggregated disclosure of the line “Other cash inflows (outflows) (placement and payment of public debt)” within the cash flows from financing activities in the consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, as follows:

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The Company has evaluated the effect of this modification, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and concluded that the correction did not have a material impact on, nor require amendment of, any previously filed financial statements.

This three-year English language IFRS consolidated financial statements were approved for issuances by the Board of Directors during a session held on March 26, 2024, with subsequent events considered through this later date.

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared based on the accounting records maintained by the Parent Company and by the other entities that are part of the Company and are presented in thousands of Chilean pesos (unless expressly stated) as this is the functional and presentation currency of the Company. Foreign operations are included in accordance with the accounting policies established in Notes 2.5.

2.2          Subsidiaries and consolidation

Subsidiary entities are those companies directly or indirectly controlled by Embotelladora Andina. Control is obtained when the Company has power over the investee, when it has exposure or is entitled to variable returns from its involvement in the investee and when it has the ability to use its power to influence the amount of investor returns. They include assets and liabilities, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods reported. Income or losses from subsidiaries acquired or sold are included in the consolidated statements of income by function from the effective date of acquisition through the effective date of disposal, as applicable.

The acquisition method is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of the subsidiary is the fair value of assets transferred, equity securities issued, liabilities incurred or assumed on the date that control is obtained. Identifiable assets acquired, and identifiable liabilities and contingencies assumed in a business combination are accounted for initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Goodwill is initially measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the fair value of non-controlling interest over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the consideration is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between Group entities are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated. When necessary, the accounting policies of the subsidiaries are modified to ensure uniformity with the policies adopted by the Group.

The interest of non-controlling shareholders is presented in the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated statement of income by function under “Non-Controlling Interest” and “Earnings attributable to non-controlling interests”, respectively.

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The consolidated financial statements include all assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries after eliminating balances and transaction among the Group’s entities, the subsidiary companies included in the consolidation are the following:

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2.3          Investments in associates

Ownership interest held by the Group in associates are recorded following the equity method. According to the equity method, the investment in an associate is initially recorded at cost. As of the date of acquisition, the investment in the statement of financial position is recorded by the proportion of its total assets, which represents the Group’s participation in its capital, once adjusted, where appropriate, the effect of the transactions made with the Group, plus capital gains that have been generated in the acquisition of the company.

Dividends received from these companies are recorded by reducing the value of the investment and the results obtained by them, which correspond to the Group according to its ownership, are recorded under the item “Participation in profit (loss) of associates accounted for by the equity method.”

Associates are all entities over which the Group exercises significant influence but does not have control. Significant influence is the power to intervene in the financial and operating policy decisions of the associate, without having control or joint control over it. The results of these associates are accounted for using the equity method. Accounting policies of the associates are changed, where necessary, to ensure conformity with the policies adopted by the Company and unrealized gains are eliminated.

For associates located in Brazil, the financial statements accounted for using the equity method have a one-month lag because their reporting dates are different from those of Embotelladora Andina.

2.4          Financial reporting by operating segment

“IFRS 8 Operating Segments” requires that entities disclose information on the results of operating segments. In general, this is information that Management and the Board of Directors use internally to assess performance of segments and allocate resources to them. Therefore, the following operating segments have been determined based on geographic location:

2.5          Functional currency and presentation currency

2.5.1       Functional currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the entities in the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional currency”). The functional currency of each of the Operations is the following:

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Foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are converted to the functional currency at the observed exchange rate of each central bank, in effect on the closing date.

All differences arising from the liquidation or conversion of monetary items are recorded in the income statement, with the exception of the monetary items designated as part of the hedging of the Group’s net investment in a business abroad. These differences are recorded under other comprehensive income until the disposal of the net investment, at which point they are reclassified to the income statement. Tax adjustments attributable to exchange differences in these monetary items are also recognized under other comprehensive income.

Non-monetary items that are valued at historical cost in a foreign currency are converted using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the initial transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are converted using the exchange rate in effect at the date on which fair value is determined. Losses or gains arising from the conversion of non-monetary items measured at fair value are recorded in accordance with the recognition of losses or gains arising from the change in the fair value of the respective item (e.g., exchange differences arising from items whose fair value gains or losses are recognized in another overall result or in results are also recognized under comprehensive income ).

Functional currency in hyperinflationary economies

Beginning July 2018, Argentina’s economy is considered as hyperinflationary, according to the criteria established in the International Accounting Standard No. 29 “Financial information in hyperinflationary economies” (IAS 29). This determination was carried out based on a series of qualitative and quantitative criteria, including an accumulated inflation rate of more than 100% for three years. In accordance with IAS 29, the financial statements of companies in which Embotelladora Andina S.A. participates in Argentina have been retrospectively restated by applying a general price index to the historical cost, in order to reflect the changes in the purchasing power of the Argentine peso, as of the closing date of these financial statements.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities were restated since February 2003, the last date an inflation adjustment was applied for accounting purposes in Argentina. In this context, it should be mentioned that the Group made its transition to IFRS on January 1, 2004, applying the attributed cost exemption for Property, plant and equipment.

For consolidation purposes in Embotelladora Andina S.A. and as a result of the adoption of IAS 29, the results and financial position of our Argentine subsidiaries were converted to the closing exchange rate (ARS/CLP) at the date of presentation of these financial statements, in accordance with IAS 21 “Effects of foreign currency exchange rate variations”, when dealing with a hyperinflationary economy.

The comparative amounts in the consolidated financial statements are those that were presented as current year amounts in the relevant financial statements of the previous year (i.e., not adjusted for subsequent changes in price level or exchange rates). This results in differences between the closing net equity of the previous year and the opening net equity of the current year and, as an accounting policy option, these changes are presented as follows: (a) the re-measurement of Opening balances under IAS 29 as an adjustment to equity and (b) subsequent effects, including re-expression under IAS 21 , as “Exchange rate differences in the conversion of foreign operations” under other comprehensive income.

The adjustment factor is derived from the National Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is published by the National Institute of Statistics and Census of the Argentine Republic (INDEC). Inflation for the periods January to December 2023 and 2022 amounted to 209.91% and 96.95%, respectively.

2.5.2       Presentation currency

The presentation currency is the Chilean peso, which is the functional currency of the parent company, for such purposes, the financial statements of subsidiaries are translated from the functional currency to the presentation currency as indicated below:

Financial statements measured as indicated are translated to the presentation currency as follows:

Financial statements of economies with a hyperinflationary economic environment, are recognized according to IAS 29 Financial Information in Hyperinflationary Economies, and subsequently converted to Chilean pesos as follows:

In accordance with IAS 21 "Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates," we use the closing exchange rate to translate financial information into presentation currency. The official U.S. dollar whose value is determined by the Central Bank of Argentina (BCRA) is used to calculate the exchange rate for the presentation and preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

In the course of Argentine market transactions, there are a number of other types of U.S. dollar rates that may differ from the BCRA-calculated official rate. In the event that financial information is translated into the presentation currency using a non-official exchange rate, the consolidated figures of our Operation in Argentina may be affected.

2.5.3       Exchange rates

Exchange rates regarding the Chilean peso in effect at the end of each period are as follows:

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Exchange rates regarding the Chilean peso, calculated using average rates, used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, are as follows:

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For the translation of Argentine figures, closing rates (not average) are used, as described in Note 2.5.2 b.

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2.6          Property, plant, and equipment

The elements of Property, plant and equipment, are valued for their acquisition cost, net of their corresponding accumulated depreciation, and of the impairment losses they have experienced.

The cost of the items of Property, plant and equipment include in addition to the price paid for the acquisition: i) the financial expenses accrued during the construction period that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualified assets, which are those that require a substantial period of time before being ready for use, such as production facilities. The Group defines a substantial period as one that exceeds twelve months. The interest rate used is that corresponding to specific financing or, if it does not exist, the weighted average financing rate of the Company making the investment; and ii) personnel expenses directly related to the construction in progress.

Construction in progress is transferred to operating assets after the end of the trial period when they are available for use, from which moment depreciation begins.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the items of Property, plant and equipment will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense in the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Land is not depreciated since it has an indefinite useful life. Depreciation on other assets is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts to their residual values over their estimated useful lives.

The estimated useful lives by asset category are:

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The residual value and useful lives of Property, plant and equipment are reviewed and adjusted at the end of each fiscal year, if appropriate.

The Company assesses on each reporting date if there is evidence that an asset may be impaired. The Group estimates the recoverable amount of the asset, if there is evidence, or when an annual impairment test is required for an asset.

Gains and losses on disposals of property, plant, and equipment are calculated by comparing the proceeds to the carrying amount and are charged to other expenses by function or other gains, as appropriate in the statement of comprehensive income.

2.7          Intangible assets and Goodwill

2.7.1       Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the Company’s interest in the net fair value of the net identifiable assets of the subsidiary and the fair value of the non-controlling interest in the subsidiary on the acquisition date. Since goodwill is an intangible asset with indefinite useful life, it is recognized separately and tested annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The carrying value of goodwill is compared to the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use and the fair value less costs to sell. Any impairment is recognized immediately as an expense and is not subsequently reversed. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Gains and losses on the sale of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill related to that entity.

Goodwill is assigned to each cash generating unit (CGU) or group of cash-generating units, from where it is expected to benefit from the synergies arising from the business combination. Such CGUs or groups of CGUs represent the lowest level in the organization at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

2.7.2       Distribution rights

Distribution rights are contractual rights to produce and/or distribute Coca-Cola brand products and other brands in certain territories in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay. Distribution rights are born from the process of valuation at fair value of the assets and liabilities of companies acquired in business combinations. Distribution rights have an indefinite useful life and are not amortized, (as they are historically permanently renewed by The Coca-Cola Company) and therefore are subject to impairment tests on an annual basis.

2.7.3       Software

Carrying amounts correspond to internal and external software development costs, which are capitalized once the recognition criteria in IAS 38, Intangible Assets, have been met. Their accounting recognition is initially realized for their acquisition or production cost and, subsequently, they are valued at their net cost of their corresponding accumulated amortization and of the impairment losses that, if applicable, they have experienced. The aforementioned software is amortized within four years.

2.8          Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that have an indefinite useful life, such as intangibles related to distribution rights and goodwill, are not amortized and are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Assets that are subject to amortization are tested for impairment whenever there is an event or change in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell or its value in use.

For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash generating units – CGU). Cash-generating unit’s recoverable amount has been determined on the basis of its value in use.

Regardless of what was stated in the previous paragraph, in the case of CGUs to which goodwill or intangible assets with an indefinite useful life have been assigned, the analysis of their recoverability is carried out systematically at the end of each fiscal year. These indications may include new legal provisions, change in the economic environment that affects business performance indicators, competition movements, or the disposal of an important part of a CGU.

Management reviews business performance based on geographic segments. Goodwill is monitored at the operating segment level that includes the different cash generating units in operations in Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. The impairment of distribution rights is monitored geographically in the CGU or group of cash generating units, which correspond to specific territories for which distribution rights have been acquired for products owned by The Coca-Cola Company, as well as other minor investments.These cash generating units or groups of cash generating units are composed of the following segments:

To check if goodwill has suffered a loss due to impairment of value, the Company compares the book value thereof with its recoverable value, and recognizes an impairment loss, for the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its recoverable amount. To determine the recoverable values of the CGU, management considers the discounted cash flow method as the most appropriate.

The main assumptions used in the annual impairment test are:

The discount rate applied in the annual impairment test carried out in 2023 was estimated using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) methodology, which allows estimating a discount rate according to the level of risk of the CGU in the country where it operates. A nominal discount rate in local currency before tax is used according to the following table:

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The financial projections to determine the net present value of future cash flows of the CGUs are modeled based on the main historical variables and the respective approved budgets for each CGU. In this regard, a conservative growth rate is used, taking into account the differences that exist in categories with high growth such as carbonated beverages, categories with medium growth such as waters and juices, and categories that are less developed and have lower margins such as alcohols. Additionally, the valuation model considers projections over 5 years based on perpetuity growth rates per operation, which follow a real growth according to long-term population growth expectations. In this sense, the variables with greatest sensitivity in these projections are the discount rates applied in the determination of the net present value of projected cash flows, growth perpetuities and EBITDA margins considered in each CGU.

In order to sensitize the impairment test, variations were made to the main variables used in the model. Ranges used for each of the modified variables are:

After modeling and valuing the different CGUs as a result of the tests performed as of December 31, 2023, no impairment were identified in any of the CGUs listed above, assuming conservative projections aligned with the history of the current markets. Thus, despite the deterioration of the macroeconomic conditions experienced by the economic conditions of the countries in which we operate, the impairment test yielded recovery values higher than the book values of assets, including those for the sensitivity calculations in the stress test conducted on the model for the 3 previously mentioned variables.

The yearly review of other investments revealed that, for the AdeS brand, specifically in the Chilean operation, the recoverable value was CLP 1,627 million less than the book value recorded in the Financial Statements, which were reduced from their book value as of December 2023. This is noteworthy even though no impairment indicators were found for the CGUs mentioned above. The negative trend in the seeds segment's sales and the brand's overall decline in relevance in the local vegetable market are the primary causes of  the lower valuation of AdeS in Chile.

In the 2021 annual review of other investments, it was identified that for the Verde Campo brand (producer of which is owned by Trop Frutas do Brasil Ltda.), the recoverable amount would be R$21.8 million, amount below the book value recorded in the financial statements of R$34.6 million in which Andina Brasil includes its participation proportionally. Given the difference, the losses of R$12.8 million were written down from their book value as of December 31, 2021, leaving a recoverable amount of R$21.8 million. The effects of impairment were included in the consolidated results under “Share of profit of investments in associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method”. The main reasons for the impairment are due to the lower cash flows expected for the dairy products segment for the local Brazilian market.

2.9          Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that results in the recognition of a financial asset in one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument in another entity.

2.9.1          Financial assets

Pursuant to IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, except for certain trade accounts receivable, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus transaction costs, in the case of a financial asset that is not at fair value, reflecting changes in P&L.

The classification is based on two criteria: (a) the Group’s business model for the purpose of managing financial assets to obtain contractual cash flows; and (b) if the contractual cash flows of financial instruments represent “solely payments of principal and interest” on the outstanding principal amount (the “SPPI criterion”). According to IFRS 9, financial assets are subsequently measured at (i) fair value with changes in P&L (FVPL), (ii) amortized cost or (iii) fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI).

The subsequent classification and measurement of the Group’s financial assets are as follows:

Other financial assets are classified and subsequently measures as follows:

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a portion of a financial asset or a portion of a group of similar financial assets) is initially disposed (for example, canceled in the Group’s consolidated financial statements) when:

2.9.2        Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as a fair value financial liability at the date of their initial recognition, as appropriate, with changes in results, loans and credits, accounts payable or derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective coverage.

All financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value and transaction costs directly attributable are netted from loans and credits and accounts payable.

The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other accounts payable, loans and credits, including those discovered in current accounts, and derivative financial instruments.

The classification and subsequent measurement of the Group’s financial liabilities are as follows:

A financial liability is disposed of when the obligation is extinguished, cancelled or expires. Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another of the same lender under substantially different conditions, or where the conditions of an existing liability are substantially modified, such exchange or modification is treated as a disposal of the original liability and the recognition of the new obligation. The difference in the values in the respective books is recognized in the statement of income.

2.9.3        Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset with the corresponding net amount presenting the corresponding net amount in the statement of financial position, if:

2.10        Derivatives financial instruments and hedging activities

The Company and its subsidiaries use derivative financial instruments to mitigate risks relating to changes in foreign currency and exchange rates associated with raw materials, and loan obligations. Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value at each closing date. Derivatives are accounted as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

2.10.1     Derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges

At the inception of the transaction, the group documents the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The group also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated income statement within “other gains (losses).”

Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss (for example, when foreign currency denominated financial liabilities are translated into their functional currencies). The gain or loss relating to the effective portion of cross currency swaps hedging the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates are recognized in the consolidated income statement within “foreign exchange differences.” When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the consolidated income statement.

2.10.2     Derivative financial instruments not designated for hedging

The fair value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting pursuant to IFRS are immediately recognized in the income statement under “Other income and losses”.  The fair value of these derivatives is recorded under “other current financial assets” or “other current financial liabilities” in the statement of financial position.”

The Company does not use hedge accounting for its foreign investments.

The Company also evaluates the existence of embedded derivatives in contracts and financial instruments as stipulated by IFRS 9 and classifies them pursuant to their contractual terms and the business model of the group. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no embedded derivatives.

2.10.3     Fair value hierarchy

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the date of the transaction. Fair value is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability takes place;

The Company maintains assets related to foreign currency derivative contracts which were classified as Other current and non-current financial assets and Other current and non-current financial liabilities, respectively, and are accounted at fair value within the statement of financial position.

The Company uses the following hierarchy to determine and disclose the fair value of financial instruments with assessment techniques:

Level 1: Quote values (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level variable used, which is significant for the calculation, is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level variable used, which is significant for the calculation, is not observable.

During the reporting periods there were no transfers of items between fair value measurement categories. All of which were valued during the periods using Level 2.

2.11        Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress includes raw materials, direct labor, other direct costs and manufacturing overhead (based on operating capacity) to bring the goods to marketable condition, but it excludes interest expense. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses. Spare parts and production materials are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

The initial cost of inventories includes the transfer of losses and gains from cash flow hedges, related to the purchase of raw materials.

Estimates are also made for obsolescence of raw materials and finished products based on turnover and age of the related goods.

2.12        Trade accounts receivable and other accounts receivable

Trade accounts receivable and other accounts receivable are measured and recognized at the transaction price at the time they are generated less the provision for expected credit losses, pursuant to the requirements of IFRS 15, since they do not have a significant financial component, less the provision of expected credit losses. The provision for expected credit losses is made applying a value impairment model based on expected credit losses for the following 12 months. The Group applies a simplified focus for trade receivables, thereby impairment is always recorded referring to expected losses during the whole life of the asset. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced by the provision of expected credit losses, and the loss is recognized in administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement by function.

2.13        Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, bank balances, time deposits and other short-term highly liquid and low risk of change in value investments.

2.14        Other financial liabilities

Resources obtained from financial institutions as well as the issuance of debt securities are initially recognized at fair value, net of costs incurred during the transaction. Then, liabilities are valued by accruing interests in order to equal the current value with the future value of liabilities payable, using the effective interest rate method.

General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualified assets, considered as those that require a substantial period of time in order to get ready for their forecasted use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until the period in which the assets are substantially ready to be used or sold.

2.15        Income tax

The Company and its subsidiaries in Chile account for income tax according to the net taxable income calculated based on the rules in the Income Tax Law. Subsidiaries in other countries account for income taxes according to the tax regulations of the country in which they operate.

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements, using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the deferred income tax asset is realized, or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The Company does not recognize deferred income taxes for temporary differences from investments in subsidiaries in which the Company can control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not be reversed in the near future.

The Group offsets deferred tax assets and liabilities if and only if it has legally recognized a right to offset against the tax authority the amounts recognized in those items; and intends to settle the resulting net debts, or to realize the assets and simultaneously settle the debts that have been offset by them.

2.16        Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation.

2.17        Leases

In accordance with IFRS 16 “Leases” Embotelladora Andina analyzes, at the beginning of the contract, the economic background of the agreement, to determine if the contract is, or contains, a lease, evaluating whether the agreement transfers the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for a consideration. Control is considered to exist if the client has i) the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of an identified asset; and ii) the right to direct the use of the asset.

The Company when operating as a lessee, at the beginning of the lease (on the date the underlying asset is available for use) records an asset for the right-of-use in the statement of financial position (under Property, plant and equipment) and a lease liability (under Other financial liabilities).

This asset is initially recognized at cost, which includes: i) value of the initial measurement of the lease liability; ii) lease payments made up to the start date less lease incentives received; iii) the initial direct costs incurred; and iv) the estimation of costs for dismantling or restoration. Subsequently, the right-of-use asset is measured at cost, adjusted by any new measurement of the lease liability, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated losses due to impairment of value. The right-of-use asset is depreciated in the same terms as the rest of similar depreciable assets, if there is reasonable certainty that the lessee will acquire ownership of the asset at the end of the lease. If such certainty does not exist, the asset depreciates at the shortest period between the useful life of the asset or the lease term.

On the other hand, the lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted at the incremental loan rate of the Company, if the interest rate implicit in the lease could not be easily determined. Lease payments included in the measurement of the liability include: i) fixed payments, less any lease incentive receivable; ii) variable lease payments; iii) residual value guarantees; iv) exercise price of a purchase option; and v) penalties for lease termination.

The lease liability is increased to reflect the accumulation of interest and is reduced by the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of the liability is measured again if there is a modification in the terms of the lease (changes in the term, in the amount of payments or in the evaluation of an option to buy or change in the amounts to be paid). Interest expense is recognized as an expense and is distributed among the periods that constitute the lease period, so that a constant interest rate is obtained in each year on the outstanding balance of the lease liability.

Short-term leases, equal to or less than one year, or lease of low-value assets are excepted from the application of the recognition criteria described above, recording the payments associated with the lease as an expense in a linear manner throughout the lease term. The Company does not act as lessor, nor does it have variable payments as lessee.

2.18        Deposits for returnable containers

This liability comprises cash collateral, or deposit, received from customers for bottles and other returnable containers made available to them.

This liability pertains to the deposit amount that will be reimbursed when the customer or distributor returns the bottles and containers in good condition, together with the original invoice.

This liability is presented under Other current financial liabilities since the Company does not have legal rights to defer settlement for a period in excess of one year. However, the Company does not anticipate any material cash settlements for such amounts during the upcoming year.

2.19        Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when control over a good or service is transferred to the client. Control refers to the ability of the client to direct the use and obtain substantially all the benefits of the goods and services exchanged. Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled for such transfer of control, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Management has defined the following indicators for revenue recognition, applying the five-step model established by IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers”: 1) Identification of the contract with the customer; 2) Identification of performance obligations; 3) Determination of the transaction price; 4) Assignment of the transaction price; and 5) Recognition of revenue.

All the above conditions are met at the time the products are delivered to the customer. Net sales reflect the units delivered at list price, net of promotions, discounts and taxes.

The revenue recognition criteria of the goods provided by Embotelladora Andina corresponds to a single performance obligation that transfers the product to be received to the customer.

2.20        Contributions from The Coca-Cola Company

The Company receives certain discretionary contributions from The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) mainly related to the financing of advertising and promotional programs for its products in the territories where the Company has distribution licenses. The contribution received from TCCC are recognized in net income after the conditions agreed with TCCC in order to become a creditor to such incentive have been fulfilled, they are recorded as a reduction in the marketing expenses included in the Administration Expenses account. Given its discretionary nature, the portion of contributions received in one period does not imply it will be repeated in the following period.

2.21        Dividend distribution

The minimum mandatory dividend established by the Chilean Corporations Law is 30% of net income for the year, which must be ratified unanimously by the General Shareholders’ Meeting. Net income is determined as of December 31 of each year, at which time the liability is recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Interim and final dividends are recorded at the time of their approval by the competent body, which in the first case is normally the Board of Directors of the Company, while in the second case it is the responsibility of the General Shareholders’ Meeting.

2.22        Critical accounting estimates and judgments

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has used certain judgments and estimates made to quantify some of the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and commitments. Following is an explanation of the estimates and judgments that might have a material impact on future financial statements.

2.22.1     Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives

The Company tests annually whether goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful life (such as distribution rights) have suffered any impairment. The recoverable amounts of cash generating units are determined based on value in use calculations. The significant judgments and assumptions used in the calculations include sales volumes and prices, discount rates, marketing expenses and other economic factors. The estimation of these variables requires a use of estimates and judgments as they are subject to inherent uncertainties; however, the assumptions are consistent with the Company’s internal planning and past results. Therefore, management evaluates, and updates estimates according to the conditions affecting the variables. If these assets are considered to have been impaired, they will be written off at their estimated fair value or future recovery value according to the lowest discounted cash flows analysis. On an annual basis and close to each fiscal year end discounted cash flows in the Company’s cash generating units in Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay generated a higher value than the carrying values of the respective net assets, including goodwill of the Brazilian, Argentinian and Paraguayan subsidiaries.

2.22.2     Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

IFRS require in certain cases that assets and liabilities be recorded at their fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction ordered between market participants at the date of measurement.

The basis for measuring assets and liabilities at fair value are their current prices in an active market. For those that are not traded in an active market, the Company determines fair value based on the best information available by using valuation techniques.

In the case of the valuation of intangibles recognized as a result of acquisitions from business combinations, the Company estimates the fair value based on the “multi-period excess earning method”, which involves the estimation of future cash flows generated by the intangible assets, adjusted by cash flows that do not come from these, but from other assets. The Company also applies estimations over the period during which the intangible assets will generate cash flows, cash flows from other assets, and a discount rate.

Other assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in a business combination are carried at fair value using valuation methods that are considered appropriate under the circumstances. Assumptions include the depreciated cost of recovery and recent transaction values for comparable assets, among others. These valuation techniques require certain inputs to be estimated, including the estimation of future cash flows.

2.22.3     Allowances for doubtful accounts

The Group uses a provision matrix to calculate expected credit losses for trade receivables. Provisions are based on due days for various groups of customer segments that have similar loss patterns (i.e., by geography region, product type, customer type and rating, and credit letter coverage and other forms of credit insurance).

The provision matrix is initially based on the historically observed non-compliance rates for the Group. The Group will calibrate the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. For example, if expected economic conditions (i.e., gross domestic product) are expected to deteriorate over the next year, which can lead to more non-compliances in the industry, historical default rates are adjusted. At each closing date, the observed historical default rates are updated and changes in prospective estimates are analyzed. The assessment of the correlation between observed historical default rates, expected economic conditions and expected credit losses are significant estimates.

2.22.4     Useful life, residual value and impairment of property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of those assets. Changes in circumstances, such as technological advances, changes to the Company’s business model, or changes in its capital strategy might modify the effective useful lives as compared to our estimates. Whenever the Company determines that the useful life of Property, plant and equipment might be shortened, it depreciates the excess between the net book value and the estimated recoverable amount according to the revised remaining useful life. Factors such as changes in the planned usage of manufacturing equipment, dispensers, transportation equipment and computer software could make the useful lives of assets shorter. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of any of those assets may not be recovered. The estimate of future cash flows is based, among other factors, on certain assumptions about the expected operating profits in the future. The Company’s estimation of discounted cash flows may differ from actual cash flows because of, among other reasons, technological changes, economic conditions, changes in the business model, or changes in operating profit. If the sum of the projected discounted cash flows (excluding interest) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the asset shall be written-off to its estimated recoverable value.

2.22.5 Contingent liabilities

Provisions for litigation and other contingencies are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the current obligation at the date of issuance of the financial statements, considering the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using estimated cash flows to settle the current obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material). The accrual of the discount is recognized as a finance cost. Incremental legal costs expected to be incurred in settling the legal claim are included in the measurement of the provision. If management is unable to reliably estimate the obligation or conclude no loss is probable but is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred, no provision is recorded but contingency is disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

A contingent liability does not imply the recognition of a provision. Legal costs expected to be incurred in defending the legal claim are recognized in profit or loss when incurred.

2.22.6. Employee benefits

The Company records a liability regarding indemnities for years of service that will be paid to employees in accordance with individual and collective agreements subscribed with employees, which is recorded at actuarial value in accordance with IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”. At year-end there were no modifications to the agreements.

Results from updated actuarial variables are recorded within other comprehensive income in accordance with IAS 19.

Additionally, the Company has retention plans for some officers, which have a provision pursuant to the guidelines of each plan. These plans grant the right to certain officers to receive a cash payment on a certain date once they have fulfilled the required years of service.

The Company and its subsidiaries have recorded a provision to account for the cost of vacations and other employee benefits on an accrual basis. These liabilities are recorded under current non-financial liabilities.

2.23 New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments to IFRS

2.23.1     New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023

IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”. Issued in May 2017, it replaces the current IFRS 4. IFRS 17 will primarily change the accounting for all entities that issue insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participation features. The standard applies to annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.

Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" and IAS 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors", issued in February 2021. The amendments are intended to improve disclosures of accounting policies and help users of financial statements to distinguish between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies. This standard should be applied to annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.

Amendment to IAS 12 - Deferred Taxes Relating to Assets and Liabilities Arising from a Single Transaction. Issued in May 2021, this amendment requires companies to recognize deferred taxes on transactions that, on initial recognition, result in equal amounts of taxable and deductible temporary differences. This amendment should be applied to annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.

Amendment to IAS 12 "Income taxes" on international tax reform - Pillar two model rules. Issued in May 2023, this amendment provides companies with a temporary exemption from accounting for deferred taxes arising from the international tax reform of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The amendments also introduce specific disclosure requirements for affected companies. This standard should be applied to annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.

Amendment to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" on classification of liabilities. This amendment clarifies that liabilities are classified as current or non-current depending on the rights that exist at the end of the reporting period. The classification is not affected by the entity's expectations or events after the reporting date (e.g., receipt of a waiver or covenant breach). The amendment also clarifies what IAS 1 means when it refers to the "settlement" of a liability. The amendment should be applied retrospectively in accordance with IAS 8. Effective date of initial application January 1, 2023.

Amendment to IFRS 17 - Initial Application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 Comparative Information. This amendment is an amendment of limited scope to the transition requirements of IFRS 17, Insurance Contracts, which provides insurers with an option aimed at improving the usefulness of the information for investors on the initial application of the new Standard. The amendment relates only to the transition of insurers to the new Standard, it does not affect any other requirements of IFRS 17.

The adoption of the standards, amendments and interpretations described above do not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

2.23.2     New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024

Standards and interpretations, as well as IFRS amendments, which have been issued, but have still not become effective as of the date of these financial statements are set forth below. The Company has not made an early adoption of these standards:

Amendment to IAS 1 "Non-current liabilities with covenants". Issued in January 2022, the amendment aims to improve the information that an entity provides when the payment terms of its liabilities may be deferred depending on compliance with covenants within twelve months after the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Amendment to IFRS 16 "Leases" on sale and leaseback. Issued in September 2022, this amendment explains how an entity should recognize the rights to use the asset and how the gains or losses arising from the sale and leaseback should be recognized in the financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 7 "Statement of Cash Flows" and IFRS 7 "Financial Instruments: Disclosures" on supplier financing arrangements. Published in May 2023, these amendments require disclosures to improve the transparency of supplier financing arrangements and their effects on a company's liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk.

Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of Exchangeability. Issued in August 2023, this amendment affects an entity that has a transaction or operation in a foreign currency that is not exchangeable into another currency for a specific purpose at the measurement date. A currency is exchangeable into another currency when it is possible to obtain the other currency (with a normal administrative delay), and the transaction is carried out through a market or exchange mechanism that creates enforceable rights and obligations. This amendment establishes the guidelines to be followed to determine the exchange rate to be used in situations of absence of exchangeability as mentioned above. Early adoption is allowed.

Management estimates that the amendments to IAS 1, IFRS 16, and IAS 7 will have no significant impact on the Group. Management has decided to apply the amendment to IAS 21 as of the date specified in the amendment, which is January 1, 2025. Given the volatility of Argentina's exchange markets and the announcements of amendments, it is currently impossible to estimate the impact of this amendment.