Accrued expenses at April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2022 consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):


	April 30, 2023		October 31, 2022
Land, land development, and construction	$	418,048	$	334,975
Compensation and employee benefits	170,448		223,609
Escrow liability associated with our wholly owned captive title company	40,459		44,115
Self-insurance	245,687		251,576
Warranty	149,395		164,409
Lease liabilities	142,901		139,664
Deferred income	47,846		50,973
Interest	32,212		31,988
Commitments to unconsolidated entities	31,744		26,905

Other	55,457		77,773
	$	1,334,197	$	1,345,987

The table below provides, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation of the changes in our warranty accrual (amounts in thousands):


	Three months ended April 30,				Six months ended April 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	156,895	$	143,043	$	164,409	$	145,062
Additions – homes closed during the period	10,084		13,745		17,270		23,200

Change in accruals for homes closed in prior years – net	(73)		715		2,023		3,672

Charges incurred	(17,511)		(13,512)		(34,307)		(27,943)
Balance, end of period	$	149,395	$	143,991	$	149,395	$	143,991

Since fiscal 2014, we have received water intrusion claims from owners of homes built since 2002 in communities located in Pennsylvania and Delaware. Our recorded estimated repair costs to resolve these claims were approximately $44.2 million at April 30, 2023 and $46.9 million at October 31, 2022, and are included in the Warranty accrued expense above. We continue to perform review procedures to assess, among other things, the number of affected homes, whether repairs are likely to be required, and the extent of such repairs.

Our review process, conducted quarterly, includes an analysis of many factors to determine whether a claim is likely to be received and the estimated costs to resolve any such claim, including: the closing dates of the homes; the number of claims received; our inspection of homes; an estimate of the number of homes we expect to repair; the type and cost of repairs that have been performed in each community; the estimated costs to remediate pending and future claims; the expected recovery from our insurance carriers and suppliers; and the previously recorded amounts related to these claims. We also monitor legal developments relating to these types of claims and review the volume, relative merits and adjudication of claims in litigation or arbitration. Our review process includes a number of estimates that are based on assumptions with uncertain outcomes. Due to the degree of judgment required in making these estimates and the inherent uncertainty in potential outcomes, it is reasonably possible that our actual costs and recoveries could differ from those recorded and such differences could be material. In addition, due to such uncertainty, we are unable to estimate the range of any such differences.