The Company’s primary business activity is with loan customers located within its local Northeastern Ohio trade area, eastern Geauga County, and contiguous counties to the north, east, and south. The Company also serves the central Ohio market with offices in Dublin, Sunbury, Powell, Plain City, Marysville, and Westerville, Ohio. The Company services loan customers in western Ohio through our offices located in Hardin and Logan counties. The Northeastern Ohio trade area includes Cuyahoga and Summit County, locations in Beachwood, Twinsburg, and Solon, Ohio. Commercial, residential, and consumer loans are granted. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio on December 31, 2022, and 2021, loans outstanding to individuals and businesses depend on the local economic conditions in the Company’s immediate trade area.

The following tables summarize the primary segments of the loan portfolio and the allowance for loan and lease losses (in thousands):

The amounts above include net deferred loan origination fees of $2.0 million and $3.6 million on December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. The net deferred loan origination fees include $1,000 and $1.3 million of unearned deferred fees from PPP loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

As a result of the Liberty merger, the Company acquired loans with deteriorated credit quality with an unpaid principal balance of $8.0 million and an estimated fair value of $6.1 million. For loans that were acquired with specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality, loan losses will be accounted for through a reduction of the specific reserve and will not impact the allowance for loan losses until actual losses exceed the allotted reserves. For loans acquired without deterioration of credit quality, losses incurred will result in adjustments to the allowance for loan losses through the allowance for loan loss adequacy calculation.

The Company’s loan portfolio is segmented to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. The portfolio is segmented into Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) which is further segmented into Owner Occupied (“CRE OO”), Non-owner Occupied (“CRE NOO”), and Multifamily, Residential Real Estate (“RRE”), Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”), Home Equity Lines of Credit (“HELOC”), Construction and Other (“Construction”), and Consumer Installment Loans. The commercial real estate loan segments consist of loans made to finance the activities of commercial real estate owners and operators and certain agricultural loans. The residential real estate and HELOC loan segments consist of loans made to finance the activities of residential homeowners. The C&I loan segment consists of loans made to finance the activities of commercial customers and certain agricultural loans. The consumer loan segment consists primarily of installment loans and overdraft lines of credit connected with customer deposit accounts.

Management evaluates individual loans in all commercial segments for possible impairment based on guidelines established by the Board of Directors. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in evaluating impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall concerning the principal and interest owed. The Company does not separately evaluate individual consumer and residential mortgage loans for impairment unless such loans are part of a larger relationship that is impaired, or the loan was modified in a troubled debt restructuring.

Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the decision of whether a specific allocation of the allowance is necessary is measured by comparing the recorded investment in the loan to the fair value of the loan using one of three methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allowance allocation and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made quarterly. The Company’s policy for recognizing interest income on impaired loans does not differ from its overall policy for interest recognition.

The following tables present impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary (in thousands):

The tables above include troubled debt restructurings totaling $3.3 million and $2.6 million as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The amounts allocated within the allowance for losses for troubled debt restructurings were $72,000 and $150,000 on December 31 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The carrying value of the loans acquired and accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, was determined by projecting discounted contractual cash flows. The table below presents the components of the purchase accounting adjustments related to the purchased impaired loans acquired in the Liberty merger as of December 1, 2022:

The following table presents additional information regarding loans acquired with specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality under ASC 310-30:

Changes in the amortizable yield for purchased credit-impaired loans were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2022:

The following table presents the average balance and interest income by class, recognized on impaired loans (in thousands):

Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”) describes loans on which the bank has granted concessions for reasons related to the customer’s financial difficulties. Such concessions may include one or more of the following:

In each case, the concession is made due to deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, and the new terms are less stringent than those required on a new loan with similar risk.

The following tables summarize troubled debt restructurings that did not meet the exemption criteria above (in thousands) for the following years ended:

There were no subsequent defaults of troubled debt restructurings for the years ended December 31, 2022, or 2021.

Management uses a nine-point internal risk-rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first five categories are considered not criticized and are aggregated as Pass rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification.  Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected.  All loans greater than 90 days past due are considered Substandard or Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Any portion of a loan that has been charged off is placed in the Loss category.

To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect borrowers' present and future capacity to repay a loan as agreed, the Company has a structured loan-rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight.  Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as bankruptcy, repossession, or death, occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event.  The Company’s Commercial Loan Officers are responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in their portfolios at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Credit Department performs an annual review of all commercial relationships with loan balances of $750,000 or greater.  Confirmation of the appropriate risk grade is included in the ongoing review.  The Company engages an external consultant to conduct loan reviews on a semiannual basis. Detailed reviews, including resolutions plans, are performed on loans classified as Substandard every quarter.  Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in determining the allowance.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass rating and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system (in thousands):

Management further monitors the loan portfolio's performance and credit quality by analyzing the portfolio's age as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of loans (in thousands):

The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due over 89 days and still on accrual by class of loans (in thousands):

There were no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest on December 31, 2022 or 2021. Interest income that would have been recorded had these loans not been placed on nonaccrual status was $125,000 in 2022 and $204,000 in 2021.

An allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio.  The ALLL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the loan portfolio's risk characteristics and credit quality, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of nonperforming loans.

The Company’s methodology for determining the ALLL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance.   The total of the two components represents the Company’s ALLL. Management also performs impairment analysis on TDRs, resulting in specific reserves. Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed, with general allowances being made as appropriate.  For general allowances, historical loss trends are used to estimate losses in the current portfolio.  Other qualitative factors modify these historical loss amounts.

The classes described above, which are based on the purpose code assigned to each loan, provide the starting point for the ALLL analysis.  Management tracks the historical net charge-off activity at the purpose code level.  Then, a historical charge-off factor is calculated utilizing the last twelve consecutive historical quarters.

Management has identified several additional qualitative factors to supplement the historical charge-off factor. These factors likely cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience.  The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are:

Management reviews the loan portfolio every quarter using a defined, consistently applied process to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALLL.  When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALLL.

The following tables summarize the ALLL within the primary segments of the loan portfolio and the activity within those segments (in thousands):

The provision fluctuations during the year ended December 31, 2022, allocated to:

The provision fluctuations during the year ended December 31, 2021, allocated to: