Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Management’s Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Company’s financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Estimates inherent in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements relate to the collectability of account receivables, the valuation of inventories, estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts, income taxes, useful lives and potential impairment of long-lived assets.

Principles of Consolidation

These audited consolidated financial statements consolidate TGI, its subsidiaries Tecnoglass S.A.S (“TG”), C.I. Energía Solar S.A.S E.S. Windows (“ES”), ES Windows LLC (“ESW LLC”), Tecnoglass LLC (“Tecno LLC”), Tecno RE LLC (“Tecno RE”), GM&P Consulting and Glazing Contractors (“GM&P”), Componenti USA LLC, ES Metals SAS (“ES Metals”), and Ventanas Solar S.A (“VS”), which are entities in which we have a controlling financial interest because we hold a majority voting interest. To determine if we hold a controlling financial interest in an entity, we first evaluate if we are required to apply the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model to the entity, otherwise the entity is evaluated under the voting interest model. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation, including unrealized intercompany profits and losses. The equity method of accounting is used for investments in affiliates and other joint ventures over which the Company has significant influence but does not have effective control.

Non-controlling interest

When the Company owns a majority of a subsidiary’s stock, the Company includes in its consolidated financial statements the non-controlling interest in the subsidiary. The non-controlling interest in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income is equal to the non-controlling proportionate share of the subsidiary’s net income and, as included in Shareholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is equal to the non-controlling proportionate share of the subsidiary’s net assets.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars, the reporting currency. Our foreign subsidiaries’ local currency is the Colombian Peso, which is also their functional currency as determined by the market analysis, costs and expenses, assets, liabilities, financing and cash flow indicators. As such, our subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, with equity being translated at the historical rates. Revenues and expenses of our foreign subsidiaries are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. The resulting cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments from this process are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Therefore, the U.S. Dollar value of these items in our financial statements fluctuates from period to period.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include investments with original maturities of three months or less. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, cash and cash equivalents were primarily comprised of deposits held in operating accounts in the United States, and to a lesser amount, Colombia, and Panama. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021 the Company had no restricted cash.

Investments

The Company’s investments are comprised of securities available for sale, short term deposits and income producing real estate.  

We have investments in long-term marketable equity securities which are classified as available-for-sale securities and are recorded at fair value.

Short- term deposits and other financial instruments with maturities greater than 90 days and shares in other companies that do not meet the requirements for equity method treatment are recorded for at cost.

Trade Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded net of allowances for cash discounts for prompt payment, doubtful accounts and sales returns. The Company’s policy is to reserve for uncollectible accounts based on its best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company periodically reviews its accounts receivable to determine whether an allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary based on an analysis of current credit losses and other factors that may indicate that the collectability of an account may be in doubt. Other factors that the Company considers include its existing contractual obligations, historical payment patterns of its customers and individual customer circumstances, and a review of the local economic environment and its potential impact on the collectability of accounts receivable. Account balances are deemed to be uncollectible and are charged off within 90 days of having recorded an allowance and all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

On certain fixed price contracts, a portion of the amounts billed are withheld by the customer as a retainage which typically amount to 10% of the invoiced amount and can remain outstanding for several months until a final good receipt of the complete project to the customers satisfaction.

Concentration of Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable. The Company mitigates its cash risk by maintaining its cash deposits with major financial institutions in the United States and Colombia. As discussed above, the Company mitigates its risk to trade accounts receivable by performing on-going credit evaluations of its customers.

Inventories

Inventories of raw materials, which consist primarily of purchased and processed glass, aluminum, parts and supplies held for use in the ordinary course of business, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a weighted-average method. Inventory consisting of certain job specific materials not yet finished (work in process) are valued using the specific identification method. Cost for finished product inventory are recorded and maintained at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes raw materials and direct and applicable indirect manufacturing overheads.

Reserves for excess or slow-moving raw materials inventories are updated based on historical experience of a variety of factors including sales volume and levels of inventories at the end of the period. The Company does not maintain allowances for the lower of cost or market for inventories of finished products as its products are manufactured based on firm orders rather than built-to-stock.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Significant improvements and renewals that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized. Interest caused while acquired property is under construction and installation are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. When property is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any related gains or losses are included in income as a reduction to or increase in selling, general and administrative expenses. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis, based on the following estimated useful lives:

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment Estimated Useful Lives

The Company also records within property, plant and equipment all the underlying assets of a finance lease. Initial recognition of these assets is done at the present value of all future lease payments. A capital lease is a lease in which the lessor transferred substantially all the benefits and risks associated with the ownership of the property.

Long Lived Assets

The Company periodically reviews the carrying values of its long lived assets when events or changes in circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not that their carrying values may exceed their realizable values, and record impairment charges when considered necessary.

When circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred, the Company tests such assets for recoverability by comparing the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of such assets and their eventual disposition to their carrying amounts. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss, measured as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value, is recognized. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

Goodwill

We review goodwill for impairment each year on December 31^st or more frequently when events or significant changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The outbreak of COVID-19 and its associated economic impact, including a significant decrease in the market price of our ordinary shares, was considered a triggering event as of the first quarter of 2020, requiring us to reassess our goodwill and long-lived asset valuations, as well as assumptions of future income from underlying assets. At the time we did not record any impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets.

Under ASC 350-20-35-4 through 35-8A, the goodwill impairment test requires a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired. The Company has only one reporting unit and as such the impairment analysis was done by comparing the Company’s market capitalization with its book value of equity. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s market capitalization substantially exceeded its book value of equity and as such no impairment of goodwill was indicated. See Note 11- Goodwill and Intangible Assets for additional information.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization are amortized on a straight-line basis. We also review these intangibles for impairment when events or significant changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that indicate that impairment testing may be required include changes in building codes and regulation, loss of key personnel or a significant adverse change in business climate or regulations. There were no triggering events or circumstances noted and as such no impairment was needed for the intangible assets subject to amortization. See Note 11 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets for additional information.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. We include finance lease right-of-use assets as part of property and equipment and the lease liability as part of our current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Leases considered short-term are not capitalized, given our election not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities arising from short-term leases  , but instead considered operating leases and the resulting rental expense is recognized on our Consolidated Statement of Operations as incurred.

Finance lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.

Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities correspond to the financing obtained by the Company through bank credit facilities and accounts payable to suppliers and creditors. Financial liabilities are initially recognized based on their fair value, which is usually equal to the transaction value less directly attributable costs. Subsequently, such financial liabilities are carried at their amortized cost according to the effective interest rate method determined at initial recognition and recognized in the results of the period during the time of amortization of the financial obligation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. We primarily apply the market approach for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is the price we would receive to sell and asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. In the absence of active markets for identical assets or liabilities, such measurements involve developing assumptions based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, internal information that is consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction that occurs at the measurement date.

The standard describes three level of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

See Note 15 – Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company recognizes all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. The unrealized gains or losses arising from changes in fair value of derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, are recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheet are reclassified into the consolidated statement of income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions are settled.

Revenue Recognition

Our principal sources of revenue are derived from product sales, sometimes referred to as standard form sales, and supply and installation contracts, sometimes referred to as revenues from fixed price contracts. We identified one single performance obligation for both forms of sales. Revenue is recognized when control is transferred to our customers. For product sales, the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time and control is deemed to be transferred.

Approximately 14% of the Company’s consolidated net sales is generated by supply and installation contracts with customers that require the Company to design, develop, test, manufacture, and install windows according to the customers’ specifications. These contracts are primarily multi-year contracts with real estate general contractors and are generally priced on a fixed-price basis and are invoiced based on contract progress.

To determine the proper revenue recognition method, the Company first evaluates each of its contractual arrangements to identify its performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. All the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation because the promise to transfer the individual good or service is not separately identifiable from other promises within the contract and is, therefore, not distinct. These contractual arrangements either require the use of a highly specialized manufacturing process to provide goods according to customer specifications or represent a bundle of contracted goods and services that are integrated and together represent a combined output, which may include the delivery of multiple units.

These performance obligations are satisfied over time. Sales are recognized over time when control is continuously transferred to the customer during the contract. The continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by contract clauses that provide for progress or performance-based payments. Generally, if a customer unilaterally terminates a contract, the Company has the right to receive payment for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit for products and services that do not have alternative use to the Company.

Sales are recorded using the cost-to-cost method on supply and installation contracts that include performance obligations satisfied over time. These sales are generally recorded at amounts equal to the ratio of actual cumulative costs incurred divided by total estimated costs at completion, multiplied by (i) the transaction price, less (ii) the cumulative sales recognized in prior periods.

Accounting for the sales and profits on performance obligations for which progress is measured using the cost-to-cost method involves the preparation of estimates of: (1) transaction price and (2) total costs at completion, which is equal to the sum of the actual incurred costs to date on the contract and the estimated costs to complete the contract’s statement of work. Incurred costs include labor, material, and overhead and represent work performed, which corresponds with and thereby represents the transfer of ownership to the customer. Performance obligations are satisfied over time when the risk of ownership has been passed to the customer and/or services are performed. The estimated profit or loss at completion on a contract is equal to the difference between the transaction price and the total estimated cost at completion.

Contract modifications routinely occur to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most cases, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Transaction price estimates include additional consideration for submitted contract modifications or claims when the Company believes it has an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be reliably estimated, and its realization is reasonably assured. Amounts representing modifications accounted for as part of the existing contract are included in the transaction price and recognized as an adjustment to sales on a cumulative catch-up basis.

The Company’s supply and installation contracts allow for progress payments to bill the customer as contract costs are incurred and the customer often retains a small portion of the contract price until satisfactory completion of the contractual statement of work, which is a retainage of approximately 10%. The Company records an asset for unbilled receivables due to completing more work than the progress payment schedule allows to collect at a point in time. For certain supply and installation contracts, the Company receives advance payments. Advanced payments are not considered a significant financing component because they are a negotiated contract term to ensure the customer meets its financial obligation, particularly when there are significant upfront working capital requirements. The Company records a liability for advance payments received in excess of sales recognized, which is presented as a contract liability on the balance sheet.

Revisions or adjustments to estimates of the transaction price, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss of a performance obligation are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained, as facts and circumstances change and as new information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change. Revisions or adjustments may also be required if contract modifications occur. While there are various factors that can affect the accuracy of cost estimates related to the revision of the proper allocation of indirect labor and indirect material costs to each project, such estimates are made based on the most updated historical information and margins of those indirect costs over the associated revenues and on all relevant information associated with each specific project at any point in time. The impact of revisions in profit or loss estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. The revisions in contract estimates, if significant, can materially affect the Company’s results of operations and cash flows, as well as reduce the valuations of contract assets and inventories, and in some cases result in liabilities to complete contracts in a loss position. The Company recognizes a liability for non-recurring obligations as situations considering that projects actual costs are usually adjusted to estimated costs. The Company did not recognize sales for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods during year ended December 31, 2022.

Shipping and Handling Costs

The Company classifies amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling as product revenues. The Company records and presents shipping and handling costs in selling expenses.

Sales Tax and Value Added Taxes

The Company accounts for sales taxes and value added taxes imposed on its goods and services on a net basis – value added taxes paid for goods and services purchased is netted against value added tax collected from customers and the net amount is paid to the government. The current value added tax rate in Colombia for all of the Company’s products is 19%. A municipal industry and commerce tax (“ICA”) sales tax of 0.7% is payable on all of the Company’s products sold in the Colombian market.

Product Warranties

The Company offers product warranties in connection with the sale and installation of its products that are competitive in the markets in which the products are sold. Standard warranties depend upon the product and service and are generally from five to ten years for architectural glass, curtain wall, laminated and tempered glass, window and door products. Warranties are not priced or sold separately and do not provide the customer with services or coverages in addition to the assurance that the product complies with original agreed-upon specifications. Claims are settled by replacement of the warrantied products. The cost associated with product warranties was $2,425, $1,256, and $681, during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as they are incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, amounted to approximately $1,612, $1,457, and $987, respectively.

Employee Benefits

The Company provides benefits to its employees in accordance with Colombian labor laws. Employee benefits do not give rise to any long-term liability.

Income Taxes

The Company’s operations in Colombia are subject to the taxing jurisdiction of the Republic of Colombia. Tecnoglass LLC, Tecnoglass RE LLC, GM&P, Componenti USA LLC and ESW LLC are U.S. entities based in Florida, and are subject to the taxing jurisdiction of the United States. VS is subject the taxing jurisdiction in the Republic of Panama. Tecnoglass is subject to the taxing jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. Annual tax periods prior to December 2016 are no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities in Colombia.

The company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes (ASC 740 “Income Taxes”). Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. For each tax jurisdiction in which the Company operates, deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset against one another and are presented as a single noncurrent amount within the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company presents deferred tax assets and liabilities net as either a non-current asset or liability, depending on the net deferred tax position. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of uncertain income tax positions when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. The Company accrues for other tax contingencies when it is probable that a liability to a taxing authority has been incurred and the amount of the contingency can be reasonably estimated. Interest accrued related to unrecognized tax and income tax related penalties are included in the provision for income taxes. The uncertain income taxes positions are recorded in “Taxes payable” in the consolidated balance sheets.

Earnings per Share

The Company computes basic earnings per share by dividing net income attributable to parent by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Income per share assuming dilution (diluted earnings per share) would give effect to dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the period. See Note 18 – Shareholders’ Equity for further detail on the calculation of earnings per share.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. The amendments in this Update provide optional expedients and exceptions for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this Update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 which deferred the effective date of Topic 848. As a result, this standard is effective beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company’s outstanding debt, which bears interest based on LIBOR, contains provisions for transitioning into a benchmark reference rate prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR in 2023. Our interest rate swap derivative contract will be adjusted accordingly.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). This ASU represents a significant change in the allowance for credit losses accounting model by requiring immediate recognition of management’s estimates of current expected credit losses. Under the prior model, losses were recognized only as they were incurred, which FASB has noted delayed recognition of expected losses that might not yet have met the threshold of being probable. The new model is applicable to all financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, thereby bringing consistency in accounting treatment across different types of financial instruments and requiring consideration of a broader range of variables when forming loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, (with early application permitted). The FASB issued ASU 2019-10 and ASU 2019-11 during the fourth quarter of 2019 that postponed the effective date to the year beginning after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies. In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02 “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842), which amends SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 (SAB119) which contains interpretative guidance from the SEC aligned to the FASB’s ASC 326.

We adopted this standard using the modified retrospective approach at the beginning of fiscal year 2022 as we no longer qualified as a smaller reporting company. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s earnings or financial condition. Refer to additional disclosures in Note 4.

In September 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-04, Liabilities – Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. The ASU requires a buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose information about the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the disclosure of rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted.

Tecnoglass, Inc. has established payment terms to suppliers for the purchase of goods and services, which normally range between 30 and 60 days. In the normal course of business, suppliers may require liquidity and manage, through third parties, the advanced payment of invoices. The Company allows its suppliers the option to payments in advance of an invoice due date, through a third-party finance provider or intermediary, with the purpose of allowing suppliers to obtain the required liquidity. For these purposes, suppliers present to Tecnoglass, Inc. the third-party finance provider or intermediary with whom they will carry out the finance program and establish an agreement, through which the invoices will be paid by the third-party finance provider or intermediary once Tecnoglass, Inc. has confirmed the invoices as valid. Once the Company confirms the invoices are valid, the third-party finance provider or intermediary proceeds with the payment to the supplier. Subsequently, Tecnoglass, Inc. pays the invoices for goods or services to the third-party finance provider or intermediary selected by the supplier. Payment times do not vary from those initially agreed with the supplier, as stated in the invoices factored by the supplier (i.e. between 30 and 60 days). Pursuant to the supplier finance programs, the Company has not been required to pledge any assets as security nor to provide any guarantee to third-party finance provider or intermediary.

As of December 31, 2022, the obligations outstanding related to the supplier finance program amount to $9,290, recorded as current liabilities, with $9,238 classified as Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses and $52 classified as Due to related parties.  

The rollforward   of Tecnoglass, Inc.´s outstanding obligations confirmed as valid under its supplier finance program for year ended December 31, 2022, are as follows:

 Schedule of Outstanding Obligations for Supplier Finance Program