v3.22.2.2
Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

No provision for income taxes was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Deferred tax assets generated from the Company’s net operating losses have been fully reserved, as the Company believes it is not more likely than not that the benefit will be realized.

Effective January 1, 2022, under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, for tax purposes the Company is required to capitalize and subsequently amortize all R&D expenditures over five years for research activities conducted in the U.S. and over fifteen years for research activities conducted outside of the U.S. Given the significant loss and credit carryforwards in the U.S., the Company does not anticipate having a change in valuation allowance assertion.

In December 2015, the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 (the “PATH Act”) was signed into law, which created several new research and development (“R&D”) tax credit provisions, including allowing qualified small businesses to utilize the R&D credit against the employer’s portion of payroll tax up to a maximum of $250,000 per year. The Company qualified as a small business under the PATH Act for 2016 through 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company utilized $79,000 and $262,000 of R&D tax credits as a reduction of payroll expenses to offset its payroll tax liabilities, respectively. All R&D tax credits have been fully utilized as of September 30, 2022.