Attachment: PRIMARY DOCUMENT


Converted by EDGARwiz


MANAGEMENT CONTRACT

between

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II:

STRATEGIC ADVISERS ALTERNATIVES FUND

and

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC

AGREEMENT made this 2nd day of June, 2022, by and between Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust which may issue one or more series of shares of beneficial interest (hereinafter called the “Fund”), on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (hereinafter called the “Portfolio”), and Strategic Advisers LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (hereinafter called the “Adviser”) as set forth in its entirety below.

1.

(a)

 Investment Advisory Services. The Adviser undertakes to act as investment adviser of the Portfolio and shall, subject to the supervision of the Funds Board of Trustees, direct the investments of the Portfolio in accordance with the investment objective, policies and limitations as provided in the Portfolios Prospectus or other governing instruments, as amended from time to time, the Investment Company Act of 1940 and rules thereunder, as amended from time to time (the “1940 Act”), and such other limitations as the Portfolio may impose by notice in writing to the Adviser. The Adviser shall also furnish for the use of the Portfolio office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and personnel for servicing the investments of the Portfolio; and shall pay the salaries and fees of all officers of the Fund, of all Trustees of the Fund who are “interested persons” of the Fund or of the Adviser and of all personnel of the Fund or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities. The Adviser is authorized, in its discretion and without prior consultation with the Portfolio, to buy, sell, lend and otherwise trade in any stocks, bonds and other securities and investment instruments on behalf of the Portfolio. The investment policies and all other actions of the Portfolio are and shall at all times be subject to the control and direction of the Funds Board of Trustees.

(b)

Management Services. The Adviser shall perform (or arrange for the performance by its affiliates of) the management and administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund. The Adviser shall, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, perform various services for the Portfolio, including but not limited to: (i) providing the Portfolio with office space, equipment and facilities (which may be its own) for maintaining its organization; (ii) on behalf of the Portfolio, supervising relations with, and monitoring the performance of, any sub-advisers, custodians, depositories, transfer and pricing agents, accountants, attorneys, underwriters, brokers and dealers, insurers and other persons in any capacity deemed to be necessary or desirable; (iii) preparing all general shareholder communications, including shareholder reports; (iv) conducting shareholder relations; (v) maintaining the Funds existence and its records; (vi) during such times as shares are publicly offered, maintaining the registration and qualification of the Portfolios shares under federal and state law; and (vii) investigating the development of and developing and implementing, if appropriate, management and shareholder services designed to enhance the value or convenience of the Portfolio as an investment vehicle.

The Adviser shall also furnish such reports, evaluations, information or analyses to the Fund as the Funds Board of Trustees may request from time to time or as the Adviser may deem to be desirable. The Adviser shall make recommendations to the Funds Board of Trustees with respect to Fund policies, and shall carry out such policies as are adopted by the Trustees. The Adviser shall, subject to review by the Board of Trustees, furnish such other services as the Adviser shall from time to time determine to be necessary or useful to perform its obligations under this Contract.

 (c)

The Adviser shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Portfolios account with brokers or dealers selected by the Adviser, which may include brokers or dealers affiliated with the Adviser. The Adviser shall use its best efforts to seek to execute portfolio transactions at prices which are advantageous to the Portfolio and at commission rates which are reasonable in relation to the benefits received. In selecting brokers or dealers qualified to execute a particular transaction, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the Portfolio and/or the other accounts over which the Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The Adviser is authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the Portfolio which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities which the Adviser and its affiliates have with respect to accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The Trustees of the Fund shall periodically review the commissions paid by the Portfolio to determine if the commissions paid over representative periods of time were reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Portfolio.

The Adviser shall, in acting hereunder, be an independent contractor. The Adviser shall not be an agent of the Portfolio.

2.

It is understood that the Trustees, officers and shareholders of the Fund are or may be or become interested in the Adviser as directors, officers or otherwise and that directors, officers and stockholders of the Adviser are or may be or become similarly interested in the Fund, and that the Adviser may be or become interested in the Fund as a shareholder or otherwise.

3.

(a)

For the services and facilities to be furnished hereunder, the Adviser shall receive a monthly management fee equal to the sum of (i) the annual rate of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Portfolio (computed in the manner set forth in the Trust Instrument) throughout the month, which is retained by the Adviser and (ii) the total fees payable monthly to the sub-advisers retained by the Fund and the Adviser pursuant to the applicable investment sub-advisory agreements; provided however, that the maximum aggregate annual management fee rate payable by the Portfolio shall not exceed 2.00% of the average daily net assets of the Portfolio.

(b)

The Adviser shall pay the sub-advisers the fees described in clause (a)(ii) above pursuant to, and in accordance with, the investment sub-advisory agreements.

(c)

In the case of initiation or termination of this Contract during any month, the fee for that month shall be reduced proportionately on the basis of the number of business days during which it is in effect, and the fee computed upon the average net assets for the business days it is so in effect for that month.

4.

It is understood that the Portfolio will pay all its expenses other than those expressly stated to be payable by the Adviser hereunder, which expenses payable by the Portfolio shall include, without limitation, (i) interest and taxes; (ii) brokerage commissions and other costs in connection with the purchase or sale of securities and other investment instruments; (iii) fees and expenses of the Funds Trustees other than those who are “interested persons” of the Fund or the Adviser; (iv) legal and audit expenses; (v) custodian, registrar and transfer agent fees and expenses; (vi) fees and expenses related to the registration and qualification of the Fund and the Portfolios shares for distribution under state and federal securities laws; (vii) expenses of printing and mailing reports and notices and proxy material to shareholders of the Portfolio; (viii) all other expenses incidental to holding meetings of the Portfolios shareholders, including proxy solicitations therefor; (ix) its proportionate share of insurance premiums; (x) its proportionate share of association membership dues; (xi) expenses of typesetting for printing Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information and supplements thereto; (xii) expenses of printing and mailing Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information and supplements thereto sent to existing shareholders; and (xiii) such nonrecurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the Portfolio is a party and the legal obligation which the Portfolio may have to indemnify the Funds Trustees and officers with respect thereto.

5.

The services of the Adviser to the Portfolio are not to be deemed exclusive, the Adviser being free to render services to others and engage in other activities, provided, however, that such other services and activities do not, during the term of this Contract, interfere, in a material manner, with the Advisers ability to meet all of its obligations with respect to rendering services to the Portfolio hereunder. In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Adviser, the Adviser shall not be subject to liability to the Portfolio or to any shareholder of the Portfolio for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security or other investment instrument.

6.

Subject to the prior written approval of the Trustees of the Fund, satisfaction of all applicable requirements under the 1940 Act, and such other terms and conditions as the Trustees may impose, the Adviser may appoint (and may from time to time remove) one or more unaffiliated persons as agent to perform any or all of the services specified hereunder and to carry out such provisions of this Agreement as the Adviser may from time to time direct and may delegate to such unaffiliated persons the authority vested in the Adviser pursuant to this Agreement to the extent necessary to enable such persons to perform the services requested of such person by the Adviser, provided, however, that the appointment of any such agent shall not relieve the Adviser of any of its liabilities hereunder.

7.

(a)

Subject to prior termination as provided in sub-paragraph (d) of this paragraph 7, this Contract shall continue in force until September 30, 2023 and indefinitely thereafter, but only so long as the continuance after such date shall be specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Trustees of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.

(b)

This Contract may be modified by mutual consent subject to the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, as modified by or interpreted by any applicable order or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) or any rules or regulations adopted by, or interpretative releases or no-action letters of, the Commission or its staff.

(c)

In addition to the requirements of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph 7, the terms of any continuance or modification of this Contract must have been approved by the vote of a majority of those Trustees of the Fund who are not parties to the Contract or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval (to the extent required by the 1940 Act).

(d)

Either party hereto may, at any time on sixty (60) days prior written notice to the other, terminate this Contract, without payment of any penalty, by action of its Trustees or Board of Directors, as the case may be, or with respect to the Portfolio by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio. This Contract shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.

8.

The Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Funds Trust Instrument and agrees that the obligations assumed by the Fund pursuant to this Contract shall be limited in all cases to the Portfolio and its assets, and the Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Portfolio or any other portfolios of the Fund. In addition, the Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligations from the Trustees or any individual Trustee. The Adviser understands that the rights and obligations of any portfolio under the Trust Instrument are separate and distinct from those of any and all other portfolios.

9.

The Adviser shall not be liable for damages resulting from delayed or defective performance when such delays arise out of causes beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the Adviser and could not have been reasonably prevented by the Adviser through backup systems and other business continuation and disaster recovery procedures commonly employed by other SECregistered investment advisers that meet reasonable commercial standards in the investment company industry. Such causes may include, but are not restricted to, Acts of God or of the public enemy, terrorism, acts of the State in its sovereign capacity, fires, floods, earthquakes, power failure, disabling strikes, epidemics, quarantine restrictions, and freight embargoes.

10.

This Contract shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions thereof. To the extent that the applicable laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.

11.     The Adviser represents, warrants and agrees that the Adviser is duly registered as an “investment adviser” under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time, and as a “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended from time to time.

The terms “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “assignment,” and “interested persons,” when used herein, shall have the respective meanings specified in the 1940 Act, as now in effect or as hereafter amended, and subject to such orders or no-action letters as may be granted by the Commission or its staff.





IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this instrument to be signed on their behalf by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, and their respective seals to be hereunto affixed, all as of the date written above.

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II

on behalf of STRATEGIC ADVISERS ALTERNATIVES FUND

By:

/s/Stacie M. Smith

Stacie M. Smith

President and Treasurer

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC

By:

/s/Christopher J. Rimmer

Christopher J. Rimmer

Treasurer



2



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FORM OF

INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

FIDELITY DIVERSIFYING SOLUTIONS LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this [_______], among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated [____] as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


With respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser, the Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 8 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Fund in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement) and as provided by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser;

(b)

invest and reinvest the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund ;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 11(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures as approved by the Board and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations;  

(g)

if applicable, and subject to applicable law, to retain affiliated sub-subadvisers to furnish investment management and advisory services to the Sub-Adviser, in connection with the Sub-Advisers portfolio management activities on behalf of the Fund, and to compensate any such sub-subadviser out of the fees received by the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement; and

(h)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, including furnishing the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities that the Fund may hold, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(i)

comply in all material respects with (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder and any other applicable federal and state laws and regulations, (2) the rules and regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and National Futures Association, (3) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (4) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (5) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws or other organizational documents of the Trust and (6) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board, provided the Sub-Adviser has had sufficient opportunity to implement such instructions;

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser with advance notice of any change in the Funds investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions as stated in the Registration Statement or in any procedures and policies adopted by the Board and/or the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser shall, in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement and with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, manage the Funds portfolio investments in compliance with such changes, provided the Sub-Adviser has received prompt notice of the effectiveness of such changes from the Trust or the Adviser and has had sufficient opportunity to implement such changes.  In addition to such notice, the Adviser shall provide to the Sub-Adviser a copy of the modified Registration Statement reflecting such changes provided that such Registration Statement was so modified.

(j)

manage the Fund so that it will qualify, and continue to qualify, as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M and, if applicable, section 817(h) of the Code and regulations issued thereunder;

(k)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(l)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Fund, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Fund such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(m)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(n)

review draft reports to shareholders and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser with respect to the information therein that pertains to the Sub-Adviser or the services provided by the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(o)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(p)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act).  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(q)

not disclose information regarding Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third -party, except in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings or as requested by the Adviser; however, Sub-Adviser may include the Funds performance information in the calculation of composite performance information, provided that the Funds performance information is included in the composite in such as way as to prevent anyone from identifying the information contributed by the Fund.  In addition, the Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser manages other accounts following the same investment strategy as the Fund and that these accounts may have different portfolio holdings disclosure policies;

(r)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-Ports;

(s)

provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Trusts valuation procedures and/or the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance may include (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) providing reasonable assistance to the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, provide assistance in fair valuation of the Trust; and (iv) maintaining records as required by applicable law with respect to any securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(t)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to such portion of the Funds assets as may from time to time be allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(u)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC and, promptly after filing any material amendment to its Form ADV with the SEC, furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part II as updated from time to time.  The Adviser hereby acknowledges having received a current copy of the Sub-Advisers Form ADV Part II, current as of the date hereof.

In performing its obligations under this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser may rely upon information concerning the Funds books and records provided to it by the Adviser, the custodian(s) or other agent(s) designated by the Adviser, and will not independently verify the accuracy or completeness of such information.  The Sub-Adviser (and its officers, directors/trustees, agents, employees, controlling persons, shareholders and any other person or entity affiliated with the Sub-Adviser) shall not be liable for any loss, claim or damages related to such reliance.

3.

Obligations of the Adviser and the Fund

The Adviser will provide, or has provided, to the Sub-Adviser, with a copy of the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC, and of the policies and procedures adopted by the Board and/or the Adviser which the Sub-Adviser is required to implement in managing the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser or such other information or documents necessary for the management of the Sub-Advisers allocated portion of Fund assets as the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably request or as required by applicable law or regulation.  Throughout the term of this Agreement, the Adviser shall continue to provide such information and documents to the Sub-Adviser, including any amendments, updates or supplements to such information or documents before or at the time the amendments, updates or supplements become effective.

4.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Adviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Adviser, as its agent, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Adviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Adviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities, provided that the Sub-Adviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Adviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Advisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Adviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate.

In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Advisers trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) and Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1(e)(6) and acting in its capacity as such, and, in each case, has agreed to provide appropriate documentation certifying its tax status under clause (a) or (b).


5.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund  allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Advisers failure to meet its standard of care and thereby causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification or source of income requirements of Subchapter M and, if applicable, section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, shareholder reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the Fund or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement, or otherwise for breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.





(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

7.

Risk Acknowledgement

The Sub-Adviser makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, that any level of performance or investment results will be achieved by the Fund, whether on a relative or absolute basis.  The Adviser understands that investment decisions made for the Fund by the Sub-Adviser are subject to various market, currency, economic, political, business and structure risks and that those investment decisions will not always be profitable.

8.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

9.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

10.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

11.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Trusts CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers





adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers applicable compliance policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Trusts CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports and certifications concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program and special reports in the event of material compliance matters;

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access, including on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time, to information regarding the aspects of the Sub-Advisers compliance program that may expose the Adviser and the Trust to compliance risks or lead to a violation by the Trust, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser of the federal securities laws;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Trusts CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Trusts CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

(c)

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Adviser acknowledges that Sub-Adviser is not the compliance agent for the Trust or for the Adviser, and does not have access to all of the Trusts books and records necessary to perform certain compliance testing.  Any of the Sub-Advisers agreement to perform the services in this Section 11 or elsewhere in this Agreement is subject to the understanding that the Sub-Adviser shall perform such services based upon its books and records with respect to the Fund, which comprise a portion of the Trusts book and records.

(d)

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser records to facilitate the Sub-Advisers ability to meet the Sub-Advisers obligations under Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act. The Sub-Adviser shall treat





such records as subject to the applicable confidentiality provision(s) under this Agreement, provided that at no time, unless so required by the applicable laws or relevant regulatory authorities, shall the records be disclosed to or otherwise made available to and shared with any third party or the general public.

(e)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and agrees that the Sub-Adviser is duly registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time, and as a commodity pool operator and a commodity trading advisor under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended from time to time.

12.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Fund to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the portion of Fund assets under the Sub-Advisers management and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

13.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.





(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

14.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for any party that is under common control with the Recipient and except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

15.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

16.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street






Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight


If to the Sub-Adviser:

Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Casey Condron

casey.condron@fmr.com


17.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]






[SIGNATURE LINES OMITTED]





Schedule A


Pursuant to Section 8 of the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (the Agreement) among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund  (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (the Adviser) and Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC (the Sub-Adviser), the Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services it performs on behalf of the Fund as follows:

1.

For purposes of calculating the fee to be paid to the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement:


Portfolio Assets shall mean the portion of the net assets of the Fund managed by the Sub-Adviser pursuant to the following investment strategies as agreed to by the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser in separately negotiated investment mandates: FIAM Convertible Arbitrage (each, a Strategy).


Aggregated Assets for a particular Strategy shall mean the assets of all registered investment companies managed by the Adviser that are managed by the Sub-Adviser pursuant to that Strategy, including Portfolio Assets.


2.

The Adviser will pay the Sub-Adviser a fee, payable monthly, based on average daily Portfolio Assets (computed in the manner set forth in the Trusts Trust Instrument) determined as of the close of business on each business day throughout the calendar month. The Sub-Advisers fee shall be calculated using the effective rate applicable to Aggregated Assets managed pursuant to a specific Strategy based on the following rate schedules.  



Rate FIAM Convertible Arbitrage


[___]% ([___] basis points) of all assets


The Sub-Advisers fee shall be computed monthly and, within twelve business days of the end of each calendar month, the Adviser shall transmit to the Sub-Adviser the fee for the previous month. Payment shall be made in federal funds wired to a bank account designated by the Sub-Adviser.  If this Agreement becomes effective or terminates before the end of any month, the fee (if any) for the period from the effective date to the end of such month or from the beginning of such month to the date of termination, as the case may be, shall be prorated on the basis of the number of business days it is so in effect for that month.

The Sub-Adviser agrees to look exclusively to the Adviser, and not to any assets of the Trust or the Fund, for the payment of the Sub-Advisers fees arising under this Paragraph 2.





_


FORM OF
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

FIDELITY DIVERSIFYING SOLUTIONS LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this [_______], among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated [______]as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


With respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser, the Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 8 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Fund in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement) and as provided by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser;

(b)

invest and reinvest the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund ;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 11(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures as approved by the Board and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations;  

(g)

if applicable, and subject to applicable law, to retain affiliated sub-subadvisers to furnish investment management and advisory services to the Sub-Adviser, in connection with the Sub-Advisers portfolio management activities on behalf of the Fund, and to compensate any such sub-subadviser out of the fees received by the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement; and

(h)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, including furnishing the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities that the Fund may hold, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(i)

comply in all material respects with (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder and any other applicable federal and state laws and regulations, (2) the rules and regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and National Futures Association, (3) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (4) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (5) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws or other organizational documents of the Trust and (6) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board, provided the Sub-Adviser has had sufficient opportunity to implement such instructions;

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser with advance notice of any change in the Funds investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions as stated in the Registration Statement or in any procedures and policies adopted by the Board and/or the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser shall, in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement and with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, manage the Funds portfolio investments in compliance with such changes, provided the Sub-Adviser has received prompt notice of the effectiveness of such changes from the Trust or the Adviser and has had sufficient opportunity to implement such changes.  In addition to such notice, the Adviser shall provide to the Sub-Adviser a copy of the modified Registration Statement reflecting such changes provided that such Registration Statement was so modified.

(j)

manage the Fund so that it will qualify, and continue to qualify, as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M and, if applicable, section 817(h) of the Code and regulations issued thereunder;

(k)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(l)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Fund, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Fund such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(m)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(n)

review draft reports to shareholders and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser with respect to the information therein that pertains to the Sub-Adviser or the services provided by the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(o)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(p)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act).  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(q)

not disclose information regarding Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third -party, except in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings or as requested by the Adviser; however, Sub-Adviser may include the Funds performance information in the calculation of composite performance information, provided that the Funds performance information is included in the composite in such as way as to prevent anyone from identifying the information contributed by the Fund.  In addition, the Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser manages other accounts following the same investment strategy as the Fund and that these accounts may have different portfolio holdings disclosure policies;

(r)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-Ports;

(s)

provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Trusts valuation procedures and/or the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance may include (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) providing reasonable assistance to the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, provide assistance in fair valuation of the Trust; and (iv) maintaining records as required by applicable law with respect to any securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(t)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to such portion of the Funds assets as may from time to time be allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(u)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC and, promptly after filing any material amendment to its Form ADV with the SEC, furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part II as updated from time to time.  The Adviser hereby acknowledges having received a current copy of the Sub-Advisers Form ADV Part II, current as of the date hereof.

In performing its obligations under this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser may rely upon information concerning the Funds books and records provided to it by the Adviser, the custodian(s) or other agent(s) designated by the Adviser, and will not independently verify the accuracy or completeness of such information.  The Sub-Adviser (and its officers, directors/trustees, agents, employees, controlling persons, shareholders and any other person or entity affiliated with the Sub-Adviser) shall not be liable for any loss, claim or damages related to such reliance.

3.

Obligations of the Adviser and the Fund

The Adviser will provide, or has provided, to the Sub-Adviser, with a copy of the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC, and of the policies and procedures adopted by the Board and/or the Adviser which the Sub-Adviser is required to implement in managing the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser or such other information or documents necessary for the management of the Sub-Advisers allocated portion of Fund assets as the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably request or as required by applicable law or regulation.  Throughout the term of this Agreement, the Adviser shall continue to provide such information and documents to the Sub-Adviser, including any amendments, updates or supplements to such information or documents before or at the time the amendments, updates or supplements become effective.

4.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Adviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Adviser, as its agent, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Adviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Adviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities, provided that the Sub-Adviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Adviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Advisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Adviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate.

In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Advisers trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) and Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1(e)(6) and acting in its capacity as such, and, in each case, has agreed to provide appropriate documentation certifying its tax status under clause (a) or (b).


5.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund  allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Advisers failure to meet its standard of care and thereby causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification or source of income requirements of Subchapter M and, if applicable, section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, shareholder reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the Fund or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement, or otherwise for breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

7.

Risk Acknowledgement

The Sub-Adviser makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, that any level of performance or investment results will be achieved by the Fund, whether on a relative or absolute basis.  The Adviser understands that investment decisions made for the Fund by the Sub-Adviser are subject to various market, currency, economic, political, business and structure risks and that those investment decisions will not always be profitable.

8.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

9.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

10.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

11.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Trusts CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers applicable compliance policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Trusts CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports and certifications concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program and special reports in the event of material compliance matters;

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access, including on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time, to information regarding the aspects of the Sub-Advisers compliance program that may expose the Adviser and the Trust to compliance risks or lead to a violation by the Trust, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser of the federal securities laws;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Trusts CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Trusts CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

(c)

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Adviser acknowledges that Sub-Adviser is not the compliance agent for the Trust or for the Adviser, and does not have access to all of the Trusts books and records necessary to perform certain compliance testing.  Any of the Sub-Advisers agreement to perform the services in this Section 11 or elsewhere in this Agreement is subject to the understanding that the Sub-Adviser shall perform such services based upon its books and records with respect to the Fund, which comprise a portion of the Trusts book and records.

(d)

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser records to facilitate the Sub-Advisers ability to meet the Sub-Advisers obligations under Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act. The Sub-Adviser shall treat such records as subject to the applicable confidentiality provision(s) under this Agreement, provided that at no time, unless so required by the applicable laws or relevant regulatory authorities, shall the records be disclosed to or otherwise made available to and shared with any third party or the general public.

(e)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and agrees that the Sub-Adviser is duly registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time, and as a commodity pool operator and a commodity trading advisor under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended from time to time.

12.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Fund to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the portion of Fund assets under the Sub-Advisers management and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

13.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.





(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

14.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for any party that is under common control with the Recipient and except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

15.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

16.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:







If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight


If to the Sub-Adviser:

Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Casey Condron

casey.condron@fmr.com


17.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

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Schedule A


Pursuant to Section 8 of the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (the Agreement) among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (the Adviser) and Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC (the Sub-Adviser), the Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services it performs on behalf of the Fund as follows:

1.

For purposes of calculating the fee to be paid to the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement:


Designated Amount shall mean the portion of the net assets of the Fund for which the Adviser has requested that the Sub-Adviser apply  the following investment strategy as agreed to by the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser in a separately negotiated investment mandate: FIAM Equity Market Protective Put (the Strategy).


Aggregated Designated Amount for the Strategy shall mean the aggregate portions of the registered investment companies managed by the Adviser for which the Adviser has requested that the Sub-Adviser apply the Strategy, including the Fund.


2.

The Adviser will pay the Sub-Adviser a fee, payable monthly, based on the average daily Designated Amount determined as of the close of business on each business day throughout the calendar month. The Sub-Advisers fee shall be calculated using the effective rate applicable to the Aggregated Designated Amount  based on the following rate schedule.  



Rate FIAM Equity Market Protective Put


[___]% ([___] basis points) of the first $[___] of Designated Amount

[___]% ([___] basis points) of the next $[___] of Designated Amount

[___]% ([___] basis points) of the next $[___] of Designated Amount

[___]% ([___] basis points) of the next $[___] of Designated Amount

[___]% ([___] basis points) on any amount in excess of $[___] of Designated Amount


The Sub-Advisers fee shall be computed monthly and, within twelve business days of the end of each calendar month, the Adviser shall transmit to the Sub-Adviser the fee for the previous month. Payment shall be made in federal funds wired to a bank account designated by the Sub-Adviser.  If this Agreement becomes effective or terminates before the end of any month, the fee (if any) for the period from the effective date to the end of such month or from the beginning of such month to the date of termination, as the case may be, shall be prorated on the basis of the number of business days it is so in effect for that month.

The Sub-Adviser agrees to look exclusively to the Adviser, and not to any assets of the Trust or the Fund, for the payment of the Sub-Advisers fees arising under this Paragraph 2.





_


FORM OF
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this [_______], among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, (Sub-Adviser or PIMCO ), a Delaware limited liability company (this Agreement) .

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC) as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated [____], as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services on the terms and subject to the conditions set out in this Agreement .

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Sub-Adviser shall have no responsibility under this Agreement with respect to the management of assets of the Fund or the Trust other than the Portfolio.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, Sub-Adviser shall have no obligation to perform the following services: (a) shareholder services or support functions, such as responding to shareholders questions about the Fund or its investments or strategies, or preparing and filing materials for distribution to the Funds shareholders, including statistical information about the Fund and materials regarding the Funds performance or investments; (b) provision of legal, accounting or tax advice with respect to the Fund or its investments by the Sub-Advisers in-house legal, accounting or tax



 

departments; (c) providing employees of the Sub-Adviser to serve as officers of the Trust; or (d) providing personnel to serve as the Funds Chief Compliance Officer and associated staff or overseeing the Funds compliance program adopted pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act, except to the extent that such oversight responsibilities are required to be performed by the Sub-Adviser under its compliance program adopted pursuant to Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser is authorized to and will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by written notice to the Sub-Adviser ( collectively, the Investment Guidelines );


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

execute and oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

have the power to exercise rights, options, warrants, conversion privileges, and redemption privileges and tender securities pursuant to a tender offer with respect to the Portfolio and, subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, shall have the power to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by , in respect of the Portfolio, (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations , that apply to its management of the assets contained in the Portfolio , (3) the Sub-Advisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and ByLaws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board;

(i)

manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2 ) (provided that the Sub-Adviser shall not be deemed to have caused the Fund or the Portfolio to have failed to comply with section 851(b)(2) as a result of any income received by the Fund from securities or other instruments not included in the Portfolio ) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the   Portfolio, as determined by the Sub-Adviser in good faith ;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their reasonable request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Advisers compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents as they relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser ;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority, or is involved in any pending litigation; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or any litigation or administrative proceeding against any current member of the Sub-Advisers Executive Committee or the Sub-Advisers Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer, or Chief Compliance Officer. The Sub-Adviser agrees that upon request of the Adviser, it shall disclose to the Adviser any litigation or administrative proceeding brought against any of the Sub-Advisers management persons (as defined in the instructions to Form ADV). The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party, except in compliance with Section 13(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs as they pertain to the Portfolio ;

(r)

provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets held in the Portfolio for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, seek to confirm pricing otherwise obtained by the Fund or its service providers and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records . Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser acknowledges and agrees that Sub-Adviser is not a pricing vendor for the Portfolio, the Sub-Adviser agrees to provide pricing information solely as an accommodation for the Portfolio, to the extent legally and contractually permissible, and the Sub-Adviser does not have any responsibility for determining the price of any security in the Portfolio or calculating the Portfolios net asset value. The Sub Adviser shall not be liable for any damages or losses resulting from prices for which the Sub-Adviser provides assistance in obtaining a valuation, or for which it makes a recommendation, except to the extent that the Sub-Adviser knew or had reason to know that the information provided by the Sub-Adviser was incorrect or unreliable ;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser;

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Advisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time; and

(u)

effect cross transactions between the Portfolio and other accounts managed by the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates consistent with the Trusts 17a-7 policies and procedures.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees with the consent of the Adviser , that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Adviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.   Additionally, the Adviser hereby agrees that Sub-Adviser may delegate back office services to State Street Investment Manager Solutions, LLC and its affiliates.  In all cases, the Sub-Adviser shall remain liable as if such services were provided directly.  No additional fees shall be imposed for such services except as otherwise agreed.

The parties acknowledge and agree that the Sub-Adviser may, at its expense and in its discretion, utilize personnel employed by affiliates of the Sub-Adviser to perform services pursuant to this Agreement by way of a participating affiliate agreement in accordance with, and to the extent permitted by, the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act, including the published interpretations thereof by the SEC or its staff.  Such participating affiliate agreement shall subject the personnel providing such services to the Sub-Advisers compliance and other programs with respect to their activities on behalf of the Fund or Portfolio.  All fees and/or other compensation payable to a participating affiliate shall be the sole responsibility of the Sub-Adviser and neither the Fund nor the Adviser shall have any obligation to pay any fee or compensation to such participating affiliate.


For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that the Sub-Adviser assumes full responsibility for all actions, and any failure to act, by each officer, director, employee, independent contractor, affiliates of the Sub-Adviser or any other person utilized by the Sub-Adviser to perform services under this Agreement.


3.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Adviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Adviser, as its agent, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Adviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Adviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities (in accordance with market practice), provided that the Sub-Adviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts and in relation to transactions undertaken (or reasonably expected to be undertaken) with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Adviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Advisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Adviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts and in relation to transactions undertaken (or reasonably expected to be undertaken) with the Trading Entity for the Portfolio; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate.

The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any loss, damage or expense incurred by the Fund resulting from any act or omission of any Trading Entity chosen by the Sub-Adviser with reasonable care and in a manner otherwise consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund under applicable law unless such loss, damage or expense is caused by, or results from, the willful misfeasance, bad faith, reckless disregard or gross negligence of the Sub-Adviser.   In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients in order to obtain best execution, and to elect, where appropriate, any regulatory treatment that is beneficial to the Fund, including real time reporting delays where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Advisers trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1(e)(6). The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall provide tax documentation, including Form W-9 or Form W-8, as applicable, to the Adviser upon the Advisers reasonable written request, as needed to comply with any tax reporting or withholding obligations.

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required to be retained either by applicable law or internal compliance purposes, whichever is longer, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable and documented attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Adviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser specifically for use therein and such statement is neither additive to nor inconsistent with the information furnished by the Sub-Adviser , or (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  


(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6(a) and (b), the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser , in each case, to the extent such persons are performing services with respect to the Fund under this Agreement.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

(e)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Advisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Adviser.  

7.

Compensation

 


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser shall bear the expenses of its investment professionals and staff providing investment advisory and management services hereunder and any internal expenses of the Sub-Adviser associated with providing services under the Agreement.  


9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers compliance program or summaries thereof , it being understood that the Sub-Advisers obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

(ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year. 

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Advisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested;

(7)

provide a list of any participating affiliate that provides, or assists in providing, services under the Agreement, which includes the identity of the participating affiliate and such other information reasonably requested by the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO; and

(8)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

11.

Duration and Termination

(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act or unless otherwise exempt therefrom ) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund and the Adviser , without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).


(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may reasonably request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter.  To the extent not already provided, the Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Advisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 or Section 13 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name ; Track Record


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates (i) in the Funds disclosure documents, (ii) for the purpose of discussing and/or identifying the Sub-Adviser as an investment sub-adviser to the Fund, in shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications, and/or (iii) as otherwise required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.  For the avoidance of any doubt, this provision is not intended to, and does not create a trademark license.  


(b)

The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.


(c)

It is understood that the names, trademarks, trade devices, service marks, logos, or symbols of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that the Adviser, the Trust, and the Fund have the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. The parties acknowledge and agree that, as between the parties, each party retains all ownership rights, titles, and interest to their respective corporate and business names, trademarks, trade devices, service marks, logos, and symbols. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(d)

The Sub-Adviser may use performance data it generates in connection with the Fund for its track record without the prior approval of the Adviser, provided that the Fund is not specifically identified by name or otherwise readily identifiable (e.g., by being the only mutual fund client in the strategy, or if the strategy has a limited number of mutual fund clients).

13.

Confidential Information

(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for the Funds custodian and a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers or agents of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Adviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to Advisers analysts and portfolio managers assigned to the asset class(es) in which the Portfolio or Fund invests in connection with the management of portfolios in the discretionary investment programs through which the Fund is offered, and to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Adviser confirms that real-time trade data relating to the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio shall not be shared with affiliates of the Adviser (including portfolio managers or analysts of such affiliates) except in connection with the management and/or operation of the Fund.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

(d)

Subject to Investment Guidelines, the Sub-Adviser and Trading Entities are authorized to disclose transaction and other information to data repositories and regulators solely for the purpose of and to the extent necessary for meeting applicable regulatory reporting requirements.  

(e)

To the extent that the Trust requests the Sub-Advisers assistance with compliance with the Trusts obligations under SEC Rule 22e-4, the Trust hereby consents to the Sub-Advisers sharing of Portfolio holdings data and other information with State Street Bank and Trust Company or, upon the consent of the Adviser, any other third party vendor that the Sub-Adviser may engage for this purpose, in all cases on a need-to-know basis and solely to the extent necessary for such purpose.  

(f)

Notwithstanding any terms to the contrary herein, the Sub-Advisers use and disclosure of Confidential Information, including disclosure to its affiliates, agents or other third-parties, shall be subject to the terms of the confidentiality provisions herein. Sub-Adviser shall advise all such foregoing persons of such confidentiality obligations hereunder and shall be responsible for ensuring compliance by such persons with such obligations.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices




11


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust or Board:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.:  Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight


If to the Sub-Adviser:

Pacific Investment Management Company LLC

650 Newport Center Drive

Newport Beach, CA 92660

Fax:  949-720-6403

Attention:  General Counsel

E-mail:  IMAnotices@pimco.com

cc:  Kwame Anochie, Account Manager

E-mail: kwame.anochie@pimco.com


Except as otherwise agreed, the Adviser consents to the delivery of Portfolio statements, reports and other communications (collectively, Portfolio Communications) via electronic mail and/or other electronic means acceptable to the Adviser, in lieu of sending such Portfolio Communications as hard copies via fax, mail or other means.  The Adviser confirms that it has provided the Sub-Adviser with at least one valid electronic mail address where Portfolio Communications can be sent.  The Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser reserves the right to distribute certain Portfolio Communications via fax, mail or other means to the extent required by applicable law or otherwise deemed advisable.  The Adviser may withdraw consent to electronic delivery at any time by giving the Sub-Adviser notice pursuant to this Section 15.


16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that the Schedules appended hereto form a part of this Agreement.  All defined terms used in this Agreement have the same meanings when used in the Schedules hereto.


(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.







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_


INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022 among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated March 5, 2010, as amended and restated October 1, 2018, as may be further amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Advisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board.;

(i)

manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Advisers compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons.  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party, except in compliance with Section 13(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Advisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Adviser further agrees with the consent of the Adviser, that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Adviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that the Sub-Adviser assumes full responsibility for all actions, and any failure to act, by each such entity utilized or retained by the Sub-Adviser as if performed directly by the Sub-Adviser.     

3.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Adviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Adviser, as its agent, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Adviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Adviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities, provided that the Sub-Adviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Adviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Advisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Adviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate.

In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with appropriate derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) and Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1(e)(6) and acting in its capacity as such, and, in each case, has agreed to provide appropriate documentation certifying its tax status under clause (a) or (b).

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Adviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6(a) and (b), the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

(e)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Advisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Adviser.  

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers compliance program, it being understood that the Sub-Advisers obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Advisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Advisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications.. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Adviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to Advisers analysts and portfolio managers assigned to the asset class(es) in which the Portfolio or Fund invests in connection with the management of portfolios in the discretionary investment programs through which the Fund is offered, and to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight



If to the Sub-Adviser:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attn: James Morris


With a copy to:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attn: Bill Monahan


16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]




 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC


By:

/s/ Scott Reeder

Name: Scott Reeder

Title: Managing Director



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:

/s/ Stephanie Caron

Name:  Stephanie Caron

Title:  Chief Operating Officer




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Name:  Stacie Smith

Title:  Treasurer







_



AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT, made as of the 1st day of January, 2022, among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (“Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Emerging Markets Fund (the “Fund”), Strategic Advisers LLC (“Adviser”), a Delaware limited liability company, and T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“Sub-Adviser”), a Maryland corporation, and amends and restates an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the parties dated March 7, 2017.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated September 8, 2010, as may be amended from time to time (“Advisory Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Adviser’s duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the “Portfolio”), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies as stated in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the “Registration Statement”), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser; Such notice may be written or oral.  Oral notice will be followed by written notice as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options, and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, and to the timely receipt by the Sub-Adviser of all necessary proxy voting materials, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trust’s compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Fund’s securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund and to the extent reasonably practicable for the Sub-Adviser, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser is not the compliance agent for the Fund or for the Adviser, and does not have access to all of the Fund’s books and records necessary to perform certain compliance testing.  The Adviser acknowledges that to the extent that the Sub-Adviser has agreed to perform the services specified in this Section 2 in accordance with applicable law (including subchapters M and L of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act) and in accordance with the Trust’s Instrument and By-Laws, policies and determinations of the Trustees of the Trust, the Adviser, and the Fund’s Registration Statement, the Sub-Adviser shall perform such services based upon its own internal books and records with respect to the Portfolio, which comprise a portion of the Fund’s books and records, and shall not be held responsible under this Sub-Advisory Agreement so long as it performs such services in accordance with this Sub-Advisory Agreement based upon such books and records and such instructions provided by the Fund or the Adviser.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder and any other applicable federal and state laws and regulations, (2) the Sub-Adviser’s compliance policies and procedures, (3) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (4) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) with respect to the provisions enumerated in paragraph 2(i) below, (5) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (6) the Trust’s Trust Instrument and By-Laws or other organizational documents of the Trust that are provided to the Sub-Adviser and (7) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board that are provided to the Sub-Adviser;

(i)

use its commercially reasonable efforts to manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such reasonable requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time to keep the Fund from exceeding the 10% limit with respect to any voting securities;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Fund’s portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) and the Trust’s administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Portfolio as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Portfolio and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trust’s procedures provided by the Adviser, and updated as appropriate, pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying known material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Adviser’s Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Portfolio;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) has knowledge that it is the subject of an administrative proceeding or receives a formal notice of an enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, directly involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding directly relating to the Trust or the Adviser brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act).  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trust’s Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or the portfolio manager named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third-party, except in compliance with the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Fund’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide such assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks reasonable assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Board’s Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund for which market quotations are not readily available, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Fund’s transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Adviser’s Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part II as updated from time to time.  


3.

Brokerage


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may, in respect of the Portfolio, open and maintain brokerage accounts, and enter into trading agreements of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio. The Sub-Adviser may enter into standard customer agreements with brokers and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Adviser’s services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Adviser’s trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser shall make required filings on Form 13F with respect to its portion of the Portfolio that may be required of the Fund and will include information related to the Portfolio on the Sub-Adviser’s Schedule 13G if required based on the Portfolio’s ownership of a portfolio security.  The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to its sub-advised portion of the Portfolio holdings of the Fund.  If the Portfolio holds a portfolio security for which a Schedule 13D or 13G is required based on the ownership level, the Sub-Adviser will include the Portfolio on its Schedule 13D or 13G.  The Adviser shall determine that the Sub-Adviser’s filing of Schedule 13D or 13G satisfies the Adviser’s reporting obligations under the federal securities laws.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the “Adviser Indemnitees”) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorney’s fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser’s failure to meet its standard of care and thereby causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Fund’s current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification or source of income requirements of Subchapter M and, if applicable section 817(h) of the Code and regulations issued thereunder, according to the Sub-Adviser’s books and records which shall be reconciled daily with the books and records of the Fund, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the Fund or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, in each case, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser specifically for use therein, or (iv) the Sub-Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, under this agreement or otherwise, for a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a “Trustee” and, together, the “Trustees”) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term “Sub-Adviser” shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services to the Fund with respect to the Portfolio.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorney’s fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorney’s fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a “manager-of-managers” exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel reasonably acceptable to both the Adviser and Sub-Adviser to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Use of Services of Others.  In rendering certain  non-investment advisory services related to fulfilling requirements under this Agreement, Sub-Adviser may, consistent with applicable law from time to time, employ, delegate, or associate with itself such affiliated or unaffiliated person or persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement; provided, however, that any such delegation shall not involve any such person serving as an “adviser” to the Portfolio within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Sub-Adviser shall remain liable to Adviser for the performance of Sub-Adviser’s obligations hereunder, to extent specified in the Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification provision of this Agreement, and Adviser shall not be responsible for any fees that any such person may charge to Sub-Adviser for such services.  The Sub-Adviser may also delegate any of its duties and obligations hereunder to any affiliated person, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, that is eligible to serve as an investment adviser to an investment company registered under the 1940 Act on such terms and conditions as it deems necessary or appropriate, provided that (i) the Adviser and the Board consent to any such delegation and to the terms and conditions thereof, (ii) such delegation is pursuant to a written contract which receives prior approval by the Adviser and the Board, which may not be materially amended without prior written approval of the Adviser and the Board, and which provides for its automatic termination in the event this Sub-Advisory Agreement is terminated for any reason, and (iii) such delegation is permitted by and in conformity with the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser shall be liable to the Adviser and the Trust for any loss or damage arising out of, in connection with, or related to the actions, or omissions to act, of any delegee utilized hereunder as if such delegee were a party hereto. The Sub-Adviser shall be solely responsible for compensating any delegee for services rendered, neither the Adviser nor the Trust may be held responsible, or otherwise liable for, the payment of any amount due, or which may become due to any delegee.


10.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar to those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Adviser’s ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

11.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a “service provider” to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Fund’s CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trust’s efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the “federal securities laws” (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser’s applicable compliance policies and procedures, it being understood that the Sub-Adviser’s obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Adviser’s proxy voting polices and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Fund’s CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

shall respond to requests for periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, provided to the Adviser on a best efforts basis by the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter and not later than the fifteenth (15th) business day after each calendar quarter.  To assist the Adviser in meeting its reporting obligations, Sub-Adviser shall respond promptly to the Adviser’s follow-up requests incident to such Certifications;

(ii)

Annual Survey to Sub-Advisers, including any required attachments, as specified in Q1 of each year; and

(iii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the 15th business day of October each year.

 (4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Adviser’s compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Fund’s CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Adviser’s organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Fund’s CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 or similar  Report prepared by the Sub-Adviser’s independent auditors regarding the Sub-Adviser’s internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

 (c)

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser records to facilitate the Sub-Adviser’s ability to meet the Sub-Adviser’s obligations under Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act. The Sub-Adviser shall treat such records as subject to the applicable confidentiality provision(s) under this Agreement, provided that at no time, unless so required by the applicable laws or relevant regulatory authorities, shall the records be disclosed to or otherwise made available to and shared with any third party or the general public.

12.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a “majority” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a “majority” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, subject to a confidentiality agreement, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Adviser’s services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement for the period that the Sub-Adviser provided services to the Trust.

13.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Fund’s disclosure documents incorporated directly or by reference into the Registration statement.  The Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser for approval, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications prepared for distribution to shareholders of the Fund or the public, which make reference to or uses the name of the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates, prior to the use thereof (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser shall be permitted to use any such materials if the Sub-Adviser does not reasonably object in writing within five (5) business days after receiving such materials. The Adviser will not use any logo related to the name of the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates unless the Adviser enters into a separate licensing agreement with the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.  The Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Sub-Adviser

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

14.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the “Discloser”) regarding the Discloser’s businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund and any non-public information (“Confidential Information”).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the “Recipient”) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.  The Recipient has a duty not to trade on the Confidential Information. Recipient shall take reasonable security precautions, at least as great as the precautions it takes to protect its own confidential information to prevent the Confidential Information from being disclosed to third parties.


(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the industry at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Discloser’s Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

15.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

16.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight


If to the Sub-Adviser:

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

Attn: Legal Subadvised Attorney

4515 Painters Mill Road OM-2470

Owings Mills, MD 21117

Email: Legal_Subadvised@troweprice.com


With a copy to:

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

100 East Pratt Street

Baltimore, MD 21202

Attn: Legal Subadvised Attorney


17.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.


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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.

T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.


By:

/s/ Terence Baptiste

Name:  Terence Baptiste

Title:    Vice President



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:

/s/ Stephanie Caron

Name: Stephanie Caron

Title:   Chief Operating Officers




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Name: Stacie Smith

Title: Treasurer








_

AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022, among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Fidelity U.S. Total Stock Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and Geode Capital Management, LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware Limited Liability Company, amends and restates an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the parties dated March 8, 2018, and as amended and restated on October 1, 2019.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated March 8, 2018 as amended and restated on October 1, 2018, as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as

the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote proxies (either directly or via employment of a third-party) solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Advisers compliance policies and procedures, (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, to the extent applicable, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board;

(i)

manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Advisers compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(a)(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons.  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third-party, except in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Advisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Adviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.      

3.

Brokerage


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may, in respect of the Portfolio, open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser may enter into standard customer agreements with brokers and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction, all as provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Adviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) a material breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers compliance program, it being understood that the Sub-Advisers obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Advisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide, to the extent one was prepared, the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

 


11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Advisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

 

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.  

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer

 


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight



If to Sub-Adviser:

Attn: General Counsel

Geode Capital Management, LLC

100 Summer Street, 12th Floor

Boston, MA 02110


With Copy to:

Chief Operating Officer

Geode Capital Management, LLC

100 Summer Street, 12th Floor

Boston, MA 02110



16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.


[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]




 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC


By:

/s/Jeffrey S. Miller

Name: Jeffrey S. Miller

Title: Chief Operating Officer



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:

/s/ Stephanie Caron

Name:  Stephanie Caron

Title:  Chief Operating Officer




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Name:  Stacie Smith

Title:  Treasurer




Schedule A


Pursuant to Section 7 of the Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (the Agreement) among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), on behalf of Strategic Advisers Fidelity U.S. Total Stock Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (the Adviser) and Geode Capital Management, LLC (the Sub-Adviser), the Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services it performs on behalf of the Fund as follows:

1.

For purposes of calculating the fee to be paid to the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement:


Portfolio Assets shall mean the portion of the net assets of the Fund managed by the Sub-Adviser pursuant to the following investment strategy as agreed to by the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser in a separately negotiated investment mandate: U.S. Small-Mid Cap Quality Focus Index and Small Cap Enhanced Index (each, a Strategy).


Aggregated Assets for a particular Strategy shall mean the assets of all registered investment companies managed by the Adviser that are managed by the Sub-Adviser pursuant to that Strategy, including Portfolio Assets.


2.

The Adviser will pay the Sub-Adviser a fee, payable monthly, based on average daily Portfolio Assets (computed in the manner set forth in the Trusts Trust Instrument) determined as of the close of business on each business day throughout the calendar month. The Sub-Advisers fee shall be calculated using the effective rate applicable to Aggregated Assets managed pursuant to a specific Strategy based on the following rate schedule.  


Rate - U.S. Small-Mid Cap Quality Focus Index


0.035% (3.5 basis points) on all assets


Rate  -- Small Cap Enhanced Index


0.225% (22.5 basis points) on all assets



The Sub-Advisers fee shall be computed monthly and, within twelve business days of the end of each calendar month, the Adviser shall transmit to the Sub-Adviser the fee for the previous month. Payment shall be made in federal funds wired to a bank account designated by the Sub-Adviser.  If this Agreement becomes effective or terminates before the end of any month, the fee (if any) for the period from the effective date to the end of such month or from the beginning of such month to the date of termination, as the case may be, shall be prorated on the basis of the number of business days it is so in effect for that month.

The Sub-Adviser agrees to look exclusively to the Adviser, and not to any assets of the Trust or the Fund, for the payment of the Sub-Advisers fees arising under this Section 2.

The Sub-Adviser agrees that the fee rates paid to the Sub-Adviser pursuant to this Schedule A shall not be in excess of the fee rates at equivalent asset size charged by the Sub-Adviser to any other client with respect to a fund or account being managed by the Sub-Adviser having a substantially similar investment objective, style and strategy as the Portfolio; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to any client fund or account (i) whose fees are structured to include a performance-based fee component, (ii) that




is disclosed to, and whose rate is exempted in writing by, the Adviser prior to the Boards initial approval of the fee schedule for the applicable Strategy, or (iii) that is otherwise exempted by the Board and the Adviser.






_


AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

FIAM LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022, among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Municipal Bond Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and FIAM LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and amends and restates an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the parties dated June 3, 2021.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated June 3, 2021 as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


With respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser, the Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 8 of this Agreement.




2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Fund in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement) and as provided by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 11(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures as approved by the Board and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations;  

(g)

if applicable, and subject to applicable law, to retain affiliated sub-subadvisers to furnish investment management and advisory services to the Sub-Adviser, in connection with the Sub-Advisers portfolio management activities on behalf of the Fund, and to compensate any such sub-subadviser out of the fees received by the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement; and

(h)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, including furnishing the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities that the Fund may hold, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:




(i)

comply in all material respects with (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder and any other applicable federal and state laws and regulations, (2) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (3) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (4) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (5) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws or other organizational documents of the Trust and (6) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board, provided the Sub-Adviser has had sufficient opportunity to implement such instructions;

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser with advance notice of any change in the Funds investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions as stated in the Registration Statement or in any procedures and policies adopted by the Board and/or the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser shall, in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement and with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, manage the Funds portfolio investments in compliance with such changes, provided the Sub-Adviser has received prompt notice of the effectiveness of such changes from the Trust or the Adviser and has had sufficient opportunity to implement such changes.  In addition to such notice, the Adviser shall provide to the Sub-Adviser a copy of the modified Registration Statement reflecting such changes provided that such Registration Statement was so modified.

(j)

manage the Fund so that it will qualify, and continue to qualify, as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M and, if applicable, section 817(h) of the Code and regulations issued thereunder;

(k)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(l)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Fund, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Fund such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(m)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;




(n)

review draft reports to shareholders and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser with respect to the information therein that pertains to the Sub-Adviser or the services provided by the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(o)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(p)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act). The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(q)

not disclose information regarding Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third-party, except in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings or as requested by the Adviser; however, Sub-Adviser may include the Funds performance information in the calculation of composite performance information, provided that the Funds performance information is included in the composite in such a way as to prevent anyone from identifying the information contributed by the Fund.  In addition, the Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser manages other accounts following the same investment strategy as the Fund and that these accounts may have different portfolio holdings disclosure policies;

(r)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs;

(s)

provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Trusts valuation procedures and/or the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance may include (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) providing reasonable assistance to the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, provide assistance in fair valuation of the Trust; and (iv) maintaining records as required by applicable law with respect to any securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(t)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to such portion of the Funds assets as may from time to time be allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(u)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC and, promptly after filing any material amendment to its Form ADV with the SEC, furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part II as updated from time to time.  The Adviser hereby acknowledges having received a current copy of the Sub-Advisers Form ADV Part II, current as of the date hereof.

In performing its obligations under this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser may rely upon information concerning the Funds books and records provided to it by the Adviser, the custodian(s) or other agent(s) designated by the Adviser, and will not independently verify the accuracy or completeness of such information.  The Sub-Adviser (and its officers, directors/trustees, agents, employees, controlling persons, shareholders and any other person or entity affiliated with the Sub-Adviser) shall not be liable for any loss, claim or damages related to such reliance.

3.

Obligations of the Adviser and the Fund

The Adviser will provide, or has provided, to the Sub-Adviser, with a copy of the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC, and of the policies and procedures adopted by the Board and/or the Adviser which the Sub-Adviser is required to implement in managing the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser or such other information or documents necessary for the management of the Sub-Advisers allocated portion of Fund assets as the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably request or as required by applicable law or regulation.  Throughout the term of this Agreement, the Adviser shall continue to provide such information and documents to the Sub-Adviser, including any amendments, updates or supplements to such information or documents before or at the time the amendments, updates or supplements become effective.

4.

Brokerage


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser may enter into standard customer agreements with brokers and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Advisers trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.




5.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser.

6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Advisers failure to meet its standard of care and thereby causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification or source of income requirements of Subchapter M and, if applicable, section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, shareholder reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the Fund or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement, or otherwise for breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser. In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.

(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

7.

Risk Acknowledgement

The Sub-Adviser makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, that any level of performance or investment results will be achieved by the Fund, whether on a relative or absolute basis.  The Adviser understands that investment decisions made for the Fund by the Sub-Adviser are subject to various market, currency, economic, political, business and structure risks and that those investment decisions will not always be profitable.

8.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

9.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

10.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement. If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.  

11.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Trusts CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers applicable compliance policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Trusts CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports and certifications concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program and special reports in the event of material compliance matters;

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access, including on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time, to information regarding the aspects of the Sub-Advisers compliance program that may expose the Adviser and the Trust to compliance risks or lead to a violation by the Trust, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser of the federal securities laws;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Trusts CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Trusts CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the annual SAS 70 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

(c)

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Adviser acknowledges that Sub-Adviser is not the compliance agent for the Trust or for the Adviser, and does not have access to all of the Trusts books and records necessary to perform certain compliance testing.  Any of the Sub-Advisers agreement to perform the services in this Section 11 or elsewhere in this Agreement is subject to the understanding that the Sub-Adviser shall perform such services based upon its books and records with respect to the Fund, which comprise a portion of the Trusts book and records.

(d)

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser records to facilitate the Sub-Advisers ability to meet the Sub-Advisers obligations under Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act. The Sub-Adviser shall treat such records as subject to the applicable confidentiality provision(s) under this Agreement, provided that at no time, unless so required by the applicable laws or relevant regulatory authorities, shall the records be disclosed to or otherwise made available to and shared with any third party or the general public.


12.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees




or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Fund to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the portion of Fund assets under the Sub-Advisers management and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

13.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications.  The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

14.

Confidential Information





(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for any party that is under common control with the Recipient and except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.  

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

15.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

16.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer





If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight


If to the Sub-Adviser:

FIAM LLC

900 Salem Street

Smithfield, RI 02917

Attn:  Casey Condron

casey.condron@fmr.com


17.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.


[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


FIAM LLC

By:

/s/ Brad Sweeney

Brad Sweeney

Vice President, Business Development Desk


STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC


By:

/s/Stephanie Caron

Stephanie Caron

Chief Operating Officer


FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Stacie Smith

Treasurer




Schedule A


Pursuant to Section 8 of the Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (the Agreement) among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), on behalf of Strategic Advisers LLC  Municipal Bond Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (the Adviser) and FIAM LLC (the Sub-Adviser), the Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services it performs on behalf of the Fund as follows:

1.

For purposes of calculating the fee to be paid to the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement:


Portfolio Assets shall mean the portion of the net assets of the Fund managed by the Sub-Adviser pursuant to the following investment strategies as agreed to by the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser in separately negotiated investment mandates: Municipal Income (each, a Strategy).


Aggregated Assets for a particular Strategy shall mean the assets of all registered investment companies managed by the Adviser that are managed by the Sub-Adviser pursuant to that Strategy, including Portfolio Assets.


2.

The Adviser will pay the Sub-Adviser a fee, payable monthly, based on average daily Portfolio Assets (computed in the manner set forth in the Trusts Trust Instrument) determined as of the close of business on each business day throughout the calendar month. The Sub-Advisers fee shall be calculated using the effective rate applicable to Aggregated Assets managed pursuant to a specific Strategy based on the following rate schedules.  


Rate Municipal Income Strategy (Effective through 3/31/22)


0.175% (17.5bps) on first $250 million in assets

0.15% (15bps) on the next $250 million in assets

0.12% (12bps) on any amounts in excess of $500 million in assets


Rate Municipal Income Strategy (Effective through 4/1/22)


0.175% (17.5 basis points) of the first $250 million in assets

0.12% (12.0 basis points) of the next $250 million in assets

0.09% (9.0 basis points) on any amount in excess of $500 million in assets



The Sub-Advisers fee shall be computed monthly and, within twelve business days of the end of each calendar month, the Adviser shall transmit to the Sub-Adviser the fee for the previous month. Payment shall be made in federal funds wired to a bank account designated by the Sub-Adviser.  If this Agreement becomes effective or terminates before the end of any month, the fee (if any) for the period from the effective date to the end of such month or from the beginning of such month to the date of termination, as the case may be, shall be prorated on the basis of the number of business days it is so in effect for that month.

The Sub-Adviser agrees to look exclusively to the Adviser, and not to any assets of the Trust or the Fund, for the payment of the Sub-Advisers fees arising under this Paragraph 2.





_


AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT, made as of the 1st day of October, 2021, among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of the Strategic Advisers Municipal Bond Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Sub-Adviser), a Maryland corporation, and amends and restates an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the parties dated June 3, 2021.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated June 3, 2021, as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser; Such notice may be written or oral.  Oral notice will be followed by written notice as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 11(a)(1) of this Agreement, and to the timely receipt by the Sub-Adviser of all necessary proxy voting materials, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, and to the extent reasonably practicable for the Sub-Adviser, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested. The Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser is not the compliance agent for the Fund or for the Adviser, and does not have access to all of the Funds books and records necessary to perform certain compliance testing.  The Adviser acknowledges that to the extent that the Sub-Adviser has agreed to perform the services specified in this Section 2 in accordance with applicable law (including subchapters M and L of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act) and in accordance with the Trusts Instrument and By-Laws, policies and determinations of the Trustees of the Trust, the Adviser, and the Funds Registration Statement, the Sub-Adviser shall perform such services based upon its own internal books and records with respect to the Portfolio, which comprise a portion of the Funds books and records, and shall not be held responsible under this Sub-Advisory Agreement so long as it performs such services in accordance with this Sub-Advisory Agreement based upon such books and records and such instructions provided by the Fund or the Adviser.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Advisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code) with respect to the provisions enumerated in paragraph 2(i) below, (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board that are provided to the Sub-Adviser;

(i)

use its commercially reasonable efforts to manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such reasonable requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time to keep the Fund from exceeding the 10% limit with respect to any voting securities;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures provided by the Adviser, and updated as appropriate, pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying known material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Advisers compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

not use material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

 

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or receives a formal notice of an enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, directly involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding directly relating to the Trust or the Adviser brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act).  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;


(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third-party, except in compliance with Section 14(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks reasonable assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund for which market quotations are not readily available, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Advisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

 3.

Brokerage

The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may, in respect of the Portfolio, open and maintain brokerage accounts, and enter into trading agreements of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio. The Sub-Adviser may enter into standard customer agreements with brokers and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Advisers trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.


4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


 


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect to its portion of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser and will notify the Adviser if the portion of the Fund managed by the Sub-Adviser holds a portfolio security for which a Schedule 13D or 13G is required based on the ownership level in that portion. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to its sub advised portion of the Portfolio of the Fund. The Adviser shall determine that the Sub-Advisers filing of Schedule 13D or 13G satisfies the Advisers reporting obligations under the federal securities laws.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Advisers failure to meet its standard of care and thereby causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification or source of income requirements of Subchapter M and, if applicable section 817(h) of the Code and regulations issued thereunder, according to the Sub-Advisers books and records which shall be reconciled daily with the books and records of the Fund, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Adviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement or otherwise, for a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act (Section 36(b)) with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.


(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

(e)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Advisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Adviser.


7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Use of Services of Others  

In rendering certain  non-investment advisory services related to fulfilling requirements under this Agreement, Sub-Adviser may, consistent with applicable law from time to time, employ, delegate, or associate with itself such affiliated or unaffiliated person or persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement; provided, however, that any such delegation shall not involve any such person serving as an adviser to the Portfolio within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Sub-Adviser shall remain liable to Adviser for the performance of Sub-Advisers obligations hereunder, to extent specified in the Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification provision of this Agreement, and Adviser shall not be responsible for any fees that any such person may charge to Sub-Adviser for such services.  The Sub-Adviser may also delegate any of its duties and obligations hereunder to any affiliated person, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, that is eligible to serve as an investment adviser to an investment company registered under the 1940 Act on such terms and conditions as it deems necessary or appropriate, provided that (i) the Adviser and the Board consent to any such delegation and to the terms and conditions thereof, (ii) such delegation is pursuant to a written contract which receives prior approval by the Adviser and the Board, which may not be materially amended without prior written approval of the Adviser and the Board, and which provides for its automatic termination in the event this Sub-Advisory Agreement is terminated for any reason, and (iii) such delegation is permitted by and in conformity with the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser shall be liable to the Adviser and the Trust for any loss or damage arising out of, in connection with, or related to the actions, or omissions to act, of any delegate utilized hereunder as if such delegate were a party hereto. The Sub-Adviser shall be solely responsible for compensating any delegate for services rendered, neither the Adviser nor the Trust may be held responsible, or otherwise liable for, the payment of any amount due, or which may become due to any delegate.

10.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar to those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

11.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers applicable compliance policies and procedures, it being



8



understood that the Sub-Advisers obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, provided to the Adviser on a best efforts basis by the by the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter and not later than the fifteenth (15th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Advisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

(c)

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser records to facilitate the Sub-Advisers ability to meet the Sub-Advisers obligations under Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act. The Sub-Adviser shall treat such records as subject to the applicable confidentiality provision(s) under this Agreement, provided that at no time, unless so required by the applicable laws or relevant regulatory authorities, shall the records be disclosed to or otherwise made available to and shared with any third party or the general public.

 



12.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, subject to a confidentiality agreement, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Advisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement for the period that the Sub-Adviser provided services to the Trust.


13.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents incorporated directly or by reference into the Registration statement.  The Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser for approval shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications prepared for distribution to shareholders of the Fund or the public, which make reference to or uses the name of the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates, prior to the use thereof (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser shall be permitted to use any such materials if the Sub-Adviser does not reasonably object in writing within five (5) business days after receiving such materials. The Adviser will not use any logo related to the name of the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates unless the Adviser enters into a separate licensing agreement with the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall not use any logo related to the name of the Advisor, the Fund or their respective affiliates, the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser. The Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Sub-Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

14.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund and any non-public information (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement. The Recipient has a duty not to trade on the Confidential Information. Recipient shall take reasonable security precautions, at least as great as the precautions it takes to protect its own confidential information to prevent the Confidential Information from being disclosed to third parties.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Adviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

15.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.



16.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:


If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.:  Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight




If to the Sub-Adviser:

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

Attn: Legal Subadvised Attorney

4515 Painters Mill Road OM-1400

Owings Mills, MD 21117

Email: Legal_Subadvised@troweprice.com


With a copy to:

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

100 East Pratt Street

Baltimore, MD 21202

Attn: Legal Subadvised Attorney




17.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.


[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]



 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.


By:   /s/ Terence Baptiste

Name:  Terence Baptiste

Title:    Vice President



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:   /s/Stephanie Caron

Name:  Stephanie Caron

Title:    Chief Operating Officer




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:   /s/Stacie Smith

Name: Stacie Smith

Title:   Treasurer







_


INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

WESTERN ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022 among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Municipal Bond Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and Western Asset Management Company, LLC (Sub-Adviser), a California limited liability company.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated June 3, 2021, as may be amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Advisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board.;

(i)

manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Advisers compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons involving its investment activities or, in the reasonable judgment of the Sub-Adviser, could result in reputational harm to the Sub-Adviser.  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party, except in compliance with Section 13(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Advisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Adviser further agrees with the consent of the Adviser, that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Adviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.      


 


3.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Adviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Adviser, as its agent, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Adviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Adviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities, provided that the Sub-Adviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Adviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Advisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Adviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate.

In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with appropriate derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) and Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1(e)(6) and acting in its capacity as such, and, in each case, has agreed to provide appropriate documentation certifying its tax status under clause (a) or (b).

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Adviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act (Section 36(b)) with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  The Sub-Adviser shall also indemnify and hold harmless Adviser and the Independent Trustees for any costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred in responding to a subpoena or request for information issued in connection with a Section 36(b) proceeding involving the Sub-Adviser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6(a) and (b), the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

(e)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Advisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Adviser.  

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


 

The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers compliance program, it being understood that the Sub-Advisers obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Advisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 18 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Advisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect, subject to Section 12(a) herein. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Adviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to Advisers analysts and portfolio managers assigned to the asset class(es) in which the Portfolio or Fund invests in connection with the management of portfolios in the discretionary investment programs through which the Fund is offered, and to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight



If to the Sub-Adviser:

Western Asset Management Company, LLC

Attn:  Kyle Colburn

385 E. Colorado Blvd.

Pasadena, CA 91101

Ph:  626-844-4074





 

With a copy to:

Western Asset Management Company, LC

Attn:  Legal Department

385 E. Colorado Blvd.

Pasadena, CA 91101

       


16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]




 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


WESTERN ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC


By:

/s/ Matt Jones

Name: Matt Jones

Title: Head of Liquidity



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:

/s/ Stephanie Caron

Name:  Stephanie Caron

Title:  Chief Operating Officer




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Name:  Stacie Smith

Title:  Treasurer


 





_

 


AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT, made as of the 1st day of October, 2021, among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (“Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Short Duration Fund (the “Fund”), Strategic Advisers LLC (“Adviser”), a Delaware limited liability company, and T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“Sub-Adviser”), a Maryland corporation, amends and restated an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among the parties dated December 6, 2012 as further amended and restated among the parties on July 1, 2014.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated December 1, 2011, as may be amended from time to time (“Advisory Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Adviser’s duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the “Portfolio”), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies as stated in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the “Registration Statement”), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser; Such notice may be written or oral.  Oral notice will be followed by written notice as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options, and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, and to the timely receipt by the Sub-Adviser of all necessary proxy voting materials, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trust’s compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act ;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Fund’s securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund and to the extent reasonably practicable for the Sub-Adviser, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Adviser acknowledges that the Sub-Adviser is not the compliance agent for the Fund or for the Adviser, and does not have access to all of the Fund’s books and records necessary to perform certain compliance testing.  The Adviser acknowledges that to the extent that the Sub-Adviser has agreed to perform the services specified in this Section 2 in accordance with applicable law (including subchapters M and L of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act) and in accordance with the Trust’s Instrument and By-Laws, policies and determinations of the Trustees of the Trust, the Adviser, and the Fund’s Registration Statement, the Sub-Adviser shall perform such services based upon its own internal books and records with respect to the Portfolio, which comprise a portion of the Fund’s books and records, and shall not be held responsible under this Sub-Advisory Agreement so long as it performs such services in accordance with this Sub-Advisory Agreement based upon such books and records and such instructions provided by the Fund or the Adviser.


The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder and any other applicable federal and state laws and regulations, (2) the Sub-Adviser’s compliance policies and procedures, (3) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (4) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) with respect to the provisions enumerated in paragraph 2(i) below, (5) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (6) the Trust’s Trust Instrument and By-Laws or other organizational documents of the Trust that are provided to the Sub-Adviser and (7) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board that are provided to the Sub-Adviser;

(i)

use its commercially reasonable efforts to manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such reasonable requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time to keep the Fund from exceeding the 10% limit with respect to any voting securities;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Fund’s portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) and the Trust’s administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Portfolio as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Portfolio and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trust’s procedures provided by the Adviser, and updated as appropriate, pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying known material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Adviser’s Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Portfolio;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) has knowledge that it is the subject of an administrative proceeding or receives a formal notice of an enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, directly involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding directly relating to the Trust or the Adviser brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act).  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trust’s Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or the portfolio manager named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third-party, except in compliance with the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Fund’s Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide such assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks reasonable assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Board’s Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund for which market quotations are not readily available, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Fund’s transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Adviser’s Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Adviser may not retain the services of any entity to provide investment advisory services that would be an “investment adviser”, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.      

3.

Brokerage


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may, in respect of the Portfolio, open and maintain brokerage accounts, and enter into trading agreements of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio. The Sub-Adviser may enter into standard customer agreements with brokers and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Adviser’s services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect  transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the Sub-Adviser’s trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser shall make required filings on Form 13F with respect to its portion of the Portfolio that may be required of the Fund and will include information related to the Portfolio on the Sub-Adviser’s Schedule 13G if required based on the Portfolio’s ownership of a portfolio security.  The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to its sub-advised portion of the Portfolio holdings of the Fund.  If the Portfolio holds a portfolio security for which a Schedule 13D or 13G is required based on the ownership level, the Sub-Adviser will include the Portfolio on its Schedule 13D or 13G.  The Adviser shall determine that the Sub-Adviser’s filing of Schedule 13D or 13G satisfies the Adviser’s reporting obligations under the federal securities laws.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the “Adviser Indemnitees”) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorney’s fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser’s failure to meet its standard of care and thereby causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Fund’s current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification or source of income requirements of Subchapter M and, if applicable section 817(h) of the Code and regulations issued thereunder, according to the Sub-Adviser’s books and records which shall be reconciled daily with the books and records of the Fund, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the Fund or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, in each case, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser specifically for use therein, or (iv) the Sub-Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, under this agreement or otherwise, for a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a “Trustee” and, together, the “Trustees”) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6, the term “Sub-Adviser” shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services to  the Fund with respect to the Portfolio.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorney’s fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorney’s fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a “manager-of-managers” exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel reasonably acceptable to both the Adviser and Sub-Adviser to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar to those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Adviser’s ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a “service provider” to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Fund’s CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trust’s efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the “federal securities laws” (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser’s applicable compliance policies and procedures, it being understood that the Sub-Adviser’s obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Adviser’s proxy voting polices and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Fund’s CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

shall respond to requests for periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, provided to the Adviser on a best efforts basis by the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter and not later than the fifteenth (15th) business day after each calendar quarter.  To assist the Adviser in meeting its reporting obligations, Sub-Adviser shall respond promptly to the Adviser’s follow-up requests incident to such Certifications;

(ii)

Annual Survey to Sub-Advisers, including any required attachments, as specified in Q1 of each year; and

(iii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the 15th business day of October each year.

 (4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Adviser’s compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Adviser’s compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Fund’s CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Adviser’s organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Fund’s CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report prepared by the Sub-Adviser’s independent auditors regarding the Sub-Adviser’s internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

 (c)

The Adviser will provide the Sub-Adviser records to facilitate the Sub-Adviser’s ability to meet the Sub-Adviser’s obligations under Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act. The Sub-Adviser shall treat such records as subject to the applicable confidentiality provision(s) under this Agreement, provided that at no time, unless so required by the applicable laws or relevant regulatory authorities, shall the records be disclosed to or otherwise made available to and shared with any third party or the general public.

11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a “majority” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a “majority” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, subject to a confidentiality agreement, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Adviser’s services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement for the period that the Sub-Adviser provided services to the Trust.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Fund’s disclosure documents incorporated directly or by reference into the Registration statement.  The Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser for approval, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications prepared for distribution to shareholders of the Fund or the public, which make reference to or uses the name of the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates, prior to the use thereof (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser shall be permitted to use any such materials if the Sub-Adviser does not reasonably object in writing within five (5) business days after receiving such materials. The Adviser will not use any logo related to the name of the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates unless the Adviser enters into a separate licensing agreement with the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.  The Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Sub-Adviser

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the “Discloser”) regarding the Discloser’s businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund and any non-public information (“Confidential Information”).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the “Recipient”) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement.  The Recipient has a duty not to trade on the Confidential Information. Recipient shall take reasonable security precautions, at least as great as the precautions it takes to protect its own confidential information to prevent the Confidential Information from being disclosed to third parties.


(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the industry at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Discloser’s Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight


If to the Sub-Adviser:

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

Attn: Legal Subadvised Attorney

4515 Painters Mill Road OM-1400

Owings Mills, MD 21117

Email: Legal_Subadvised@troweprice.com



With a copy to:

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

100 East Pratt Street

Baltimore, MD 21202

Attn: Legal Subadvised Attorney


16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.


[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]



 




IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.

T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.


By:   /s/Terence  Baptiste

Name: Terence  Baptiste

Title: Vice President



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:   /s/Stephanie Caron

Name: Stephanie Caron

Title:   Chief Operating Officer




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:   /s/Stacie Smith

Name: Stacie Smith

Title:   Treasurer








_


INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC,

GW&K INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022 among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Small-Mid Cap Fund (the Fund), Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and GW&K Investment Management, LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated March 5, 2010, as amended and restated October 1, 2018, as may be further amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Advisory Agreement authorizes the Adviser to delegate to one or more other investment advisers any or all of the Advisers duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser wish to retain the Sub-Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as determined from time to time by the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Trust and the Adviser hereby appoint the Sub-Adviser to act as investment sub-adviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets allocated, from time to time, by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Adviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Adviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Adviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

subject to the understanding set forth in Section 10(a)(1) of this Agreement, vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Adviser will provide the Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Adviser will furnish the Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the securities or other investments in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested.

The Sub-Adviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Advisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser or the Board;

(i)

manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Adviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Funds portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board or the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Adviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Advisers compliance program  (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Advisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board and the Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust or the Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its management persons.  The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Trust and the Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party, except in compliance with Section 13(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub-adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub-advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Adviser by the Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Advisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust and the Adviser; and provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Adviser further agrees with the consent of the Adviser, that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Adviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.      



 


3.

Brokerage


The Sub-Adviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may, in respect of the Portfolio, open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser may enter into standard customer agreements with brokers and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage accounts as the Sub-Adviser deems desirable or appropriate. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub-Adviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Sub-Advisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Adviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Adviser in a manner that complies with the trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Adviser and is consistent with the Sub-Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub-Adviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Adviser shall make all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser also shall make all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Adviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Adviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Adviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof, (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Adviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser for use therein, or (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.  In addition, the Sub-Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Fund from any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which either the Trust or the Fund may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty by the Sub-Adviser under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act (Section 36(b)) with respect to the receipt of compensation for its services under this Agreement.  The Sub-Adviser shall also indemnify and hold harmless Adviser and the Independent Trustees for any costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred in responding to a subpoena or request for information issued in connection with a Section 36(b) proceeding in which the compensation and/or services by the Sub-Adviser are at issue. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Adviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6(a) and (b), the term Sub-Adviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Adviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

The Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Adviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.  

(e)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Advisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Adviser.  

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Adviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Adviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Adviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Adviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Advisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement.  If the Sub-Adviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.


 


10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Adviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Adviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. In this regard, the Sub-Adviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisers compliance program, it being understood that the Sub-Advisers obligation under Section 2(e) of this Agreement to vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested shall be subject to the fulfillment of the condition that the Board approve the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures;

(2)

submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Advisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Advisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Advisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Adviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Advisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Advisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 16 Report or SOC-1 Report prepared by the Sub-Advisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Advisers internal controls.



(b)

The Sub-Adviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund.  This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Adviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub-adviser and with the Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Adviser shall deliver to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Advisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees and the Sub-Adviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Adviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to Advisers analysts and portfolio managers assigned to the asset class(es) in which the Portfolio or Fund invests in connection with the management of portfolios in the discretionary investment programs through which the Fund is offered, and to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:



10



If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer




If to the Adviser:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Operating Officer


With Copy to:

Strategic Advisers LLC

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Vice President, Advisor Oversight



If to the Sub-Adviser:

GW&K Investment Management, LLC

222 Berkeley St., 15th Floor

Boston, MA 02116

Attn:  T. Williams Roberts, III, Co-President


With a copy to:

GW&K Investment Management, LLC

222 Berkeley St., 15th Floor

Boston, MA 02116

Attn:  Lewis Collins, General Counsel    


16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.


 

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Adviser shall be an independent contractor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Adviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]




 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


GW&K INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC


By:

/s/ T. Williams Roberts, III

Name: T. Williams Roberts, III


Title: Co-President



STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC



By:

/s/ Stephanie Caron

Name:  Stephanie Caron

Title:  Chief Operating Officer




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stephanie Smith

Name:  Stacie Smith

Title:  Treasurer

 





Converted by EDGARwiz



FORM OF
SUB-SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT

between

 FIDELITY DIVERSIFYING SOLUTIONS LLC

and

FIDELITY MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (HONG KONG) LIMITED

AGREEMENT as of this [________], by and between Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC, a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices at 245 Summer Street, Boston, MA (hereinafter called the “Sub-Advisor”), and Fidelity Management & Research (Hong Kong) Limited (hereinafter called the “Sub-Subadvisor”).

WHEREAS the Sub-Advisor has entered into various investment sub-advisory agreements (each a “Sub-Advisory Agreement ”) with those Delaware statutory trusts, each a registered investment company issuing one or more series of shares of beneficial interest (each a “Trust”) on behalf of each of their respective portfolios listed on Schedule A attached hereto, as the same may be amended from time to time (each a “Portfolio”) and the adviser to those trusts, Strategic Advisers LLC (“Adviser”), a Delaware limited liability company, pursuant to which the Sub-Advisor acts as investment sub-advisor to each of the Portfolios; and

WHEREAS the Sub-Subadvisor and its subsidiaries and other affiliated persons have personnel in various locations throughout the world and have been formed in part for the purpose of researching and compiling information and recommendations with respect to the economies of various countries, and securities of issuers located in such countries, and providing investment advisory services in connection therewith;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the Trust, the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Subadvisor agree as follows:

 1. Duties: The Sub-Advisor may, in its discretion, appoint the Sub-Subadvisor to perform one or more of the following services with respect to all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio. The services and the portion of the investments of the Portfolio to be advised or managed by the Sub-Subadvisor shall be as agreed upon from time to time by the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Subadvisor. The Sub-Subadvisor shall pay the salaries and fees of all personnel of the Sub-Subadvisor performing services for the Portfolio relating to research, statistical and investment activities.

(a)

Investment Advice: If and to the extent requested by the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall provide investment advice to the Portfolio and the Sub-Advisor with respect to all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio, and in connection with such advice shall furnish the Portfolio and the Sub-Advisor such factual information, research reports and investment recommendations as the Sub-Advisor may reasonably require. Such information may include written and oral reports and analyses.

(b)

Investment Management: If and to the extent requested by the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall, subject to the supervision of the Sub-Advisor, manage all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio in accordance with the investment objective, policies and limitations provided in the Portfolio’s Prospectus or other governing instruments, as amended from time to time, the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) and rules thereunder, as amended from time to time, and such other limitations as the Trust or Sub-Advisor may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Subadvisor. With respect to the portion of the investments of the Portfolio under its management, the Sub-Subadvisor is authorized to make investment decisions on behalf of the Portfolio with regard to any stock, bond, other security or investment instrument, and to place orders for the purchase and sale of such securities through such broker-dealers as the Sub-Subadvisor may select. The Sub-Subadvisor may also be authorized, but only to the extent such duties are delegated in writing by the Sub-Advisor, to provide additional investment management services to the Portfolio, including but not limited to services such as managing foreign currency investments, purchasing and selling or writing futures and options contracts, borrowing money or lending securities on behalf of the Portfolio. All investment management and any other activities of the Sub-Subadvisor shall at all times be subject to the control and direction of the Sub-Advisor and the Trust’s Board of Trustees.

(c)

Subsidiaries and Affiliates: The Sub-Subadvisor may perform any or all of the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as the Sub-Subadvisor shall determine; provided, however, that performance of such services through such subsidiaries or other affiliated persons shall have been approved by the Trust to the extent required pursuant to the 1940 Act and rules thereunder.







 2. Information to be Provided to the Trust and the Sub-Advisor: The Sub-Subadvisor shall furnish such reports, evaluations, information or analyses to the Trust and the Sub-Advisor as the Trust’s Board of Trustees or the Sub-Advisor may reasonably request from time to time, or as the Sub-Subadvisor may deem to be desirable.

 3. Brokerage: In connection with the services provided under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Subadvisor shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Portfolio’s account with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Subadvisor, which may include brokers or dealers affiliated with the Sub-Advisor or Sub-Subadvisor. The Sub-Subadvisor shall use its best efforts to seek to execute portfolio transactions at prices which are advantageous to the Portfolio and at commission rates which are reasonable in relation to the benefits received. In selecting brokers or dealers qualified to execute a particular transaction, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the Portfolio and/or to the other accounts over which the Sub-Subadvisor or Sub-Advisor exercise investment discretion. The Sub-Subadvisor is authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the Portfolio which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Sub-Subadvisor determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities which the Sub-Subadvisor has with respect to accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The Trustees of the Trust shall periodically review the commissions paid by the Portfolio to determine if the commissions paid over representative periods of time were reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Portfolio.

4. Compensation: The Sub-Advisor shall compensate the Sub-Subadvisor on the following basis for the services to be furnished hereunder.

(a)

Investment Advisory Fee: For services provided under subparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor agrees to pay the Sub-Subadvisor a monthly Sub-Subadvisory Fee. The Sub-Subadvisory Fee shall be equal to [___]%of the Sub-Subadvisor’s costs incurred in connection with rendering the services referred to in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement. The Sub-Subadvisory Fee shall not be reduced to reflect expense reimbursements or fee waivers by the Sub-Advisor, if any, in effect from time to time.

(b)

Investment Management Fee: For services provided under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor agrees to pay the Sub-Subadvisor a monthly Investment Management Fee. The Investment Management Fee shall be equal to: (i) [___]% of the monthly management fee rate (including performance adjustments, if any) that the Portfolio is obligated to pay the Sub-Advisor under its Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Sub-Advisor, multiplied by: (ii) the fraction equal to the net assets of the Portfolio as to which the Sub-Subadvisor shall have provided investment management services divided by the net assets of the Portfolio for that month; provided, however, that the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor for any period hereunder shall in all circumstances be an amount not less than [___]% of the Sub-Subadvisor’s costs incurred in connection with rendering the services referred to in subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement (but in no event will the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor exceed the management fee paid to the Sub-Advisor pursuant to its management contract with respect to the Portfolio) (the minimum fee described in this proviso being referred to herein as the “Minimum Investment Management Fee”). If in any fiscal year the aggregate expenses of the Portfolio exceed any applicable expense limitation imposed by any state or federal securities laws or regulations, and the Sub-Advisor waives all or a portion of its management fee or reimburses the Portfolio for expenses to the extent required to satisfy such limitation, the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor will be reduced by [___]% of the amount of such waivers or reimbursements multiplied by the fraction determined in (ii), subject to the Minimum Investment Management Fee. If the Sub-Subadvisor reduces its fees to reflect such waivers or reimbursements and the Sub-Advisor subsequently recovers all or any portion of such waivers or reimbursements, then the Sub-Subadvisor shall be entitled to receive from the Sub-Advisor a proportionate share of the amount recovered.

(c)

Provision of Multiple Services: If the Sub-Subadvisor shall have provided both investment advisory services under subparagraph (a) and investment management services under subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) for the same portion of the investments of the Portfolio for the same period, the fees paid to the Sub-Advisor with respect to such investments shall be calculated exclusively under subparagraph (b) of this paragraph 4.







 5. Expenses: It is understood that the Portfolio will pay all of its expenses other than those expressly stated to be payable by the Sub-Subadvisor hereunder or by the Sub-Advisor under the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Portfolio.

 6. Interested Persons: It is understood that Trustees, officers, and shareholders of the Trust are or may be or become interested in the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor as directors, officers or otherwise and that directors, officers and stockholders of the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor are or may be or become similarly interested in the Trust, and that the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor may be or become interested in the Trust as a shareholder or otherwise.

 7. Services to Other Companies or Accounts: The services of the Sub-Subadvisor to the Sub-Advisor are not to be deemed to be exclusive, the Sub-Subadvisor being free to render services to others and engage in other activities, provided, however, that such other services and activities do not, during the term of this Agreement, interfere, in a material manner, with the Sub-Subadvisor’s ability to meet all of its obligations hereunder. The Sub-Subadvisor shall for all purposes be an independent contractor and not an agent or employee of the Sub-Advisor or the Trust.

 8. Standard of Care: In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Sub-Subadvisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall not be subject to liability to the Sub-Advisor, the Trust or to any shareholder of the Portfolio for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.

 

 9. Duration and Termination of Agreement; Amendments:

(a)

Subject to prior termination as provided in subparagraph (d) of this paragraph 9, this Agreement shall continue in force until [____], and indefinitely thereafter, but only so long as the continuance after such period shall be specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Trust’s Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.

(b)

This Agreement may be modified by mutual consent of the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor and the Portfolio subject to the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, as modified by or interpreted by any applicable order or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) or any rules or regulations adopted by, or interpretative releases or no-action letters of, the Commission or its staff.

(c)

In addition to the requirements of subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph 9, the terms of any continuance or modification of this Agreement must have been approved by the vote of a majority of those Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval (unless the Commission has granted relief from this provision of Section 15 of the 1940 Act due to exigent circumstances, in which case the conditions of such relief may be followed.).

(d)

Either the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor or the Portfolio may, at any time on sixty (60) days’ prior written notice to the other parties, terminate this Agreement, without payment of any penalty, by action of its Board of Trustees or Directors, or with respect to the Portfolio by vote of a majority of its outstanding voting securities. This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.

 10. Limitation of Liability: The Sub-Subadvisor is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Declaration of Trust or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Portfolio arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Portfolio and its assets, and the Sub-Subadvisor shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the shareholders or any shareholder of the Portfolio. Nor shall the Sub-Subadvisor seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the Trustees or any individual Trustee.

 11. Governing Law: This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions thereof.

The terms “registered investment company,” “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “assignment,” and “interested persons,” when used herein, shall have the respective meanings specified in the 1940 Act as now in effect or as hereafter amended, and subject to such orders or no-action letters as may be granted by the Commission or its staff.







[SIGNATURE LINES OMITTED]






















































SCHEDULE A

Portfolios Covered by the Sub-Subadvisory Agreement, dated as of [____]between Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC

and

Fidelity Management & Research (Hong Kong) Limited



Portfolio

Approval Date

Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund

[____]









Converted by EDGARwiz


FORM OF
SUB-SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT

between

FIDELITY DIVERSIFYING SOLUTIONS LLC

and

FIDELITY MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (JAPAN) LIMITED

AGREEMENT as of this [______], by and between Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC, a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices at 245 Summer Street, Boston, MA (hereinafter called the Sub-Advisor), and Fidelity Management & Research (Japan) Limited (hereinafter called the Sub-Subadvisor).

WHEREAS the Sub-Advisor has entered into various investment sub-advisory agreements (each a Sub-Advisory Agreement ) with those Delaware statutory trusts, each a registered investment company issuing one or more series of shares of beneficial interest (each a Trust) on behalf of each of their respective portfolios listed on Schedule A attached hereto, as the same may be amended from time to time (each a Portfolio) and the adviser to those trusts, Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, pursuant to which the Sub-Advisor acts as investment sub-advisor to each of the Portfolios; and

WHEREAS the Sub-Subadvisor and its subsidiaries and other affiliated persons have personnel in various locations throughout the world and have been formed in part for the purpose of researching and compiling information and recommendations with respect to the economies of various countries, and securities of issuers located in such countries, and providing investment advisory services in connection therewith;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the Trust, the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Subadvisor agree as follows:

 1. Duties: The Sub-Advisor may, in its discretion, appoint the Sub-Subadvisor to perform one or more of the following services with respect to all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio. The services and the portion of the investments of the Portfolio to be advised or managed by the Sub-Subadvisor shall be as agreed upon from time to time by the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Subadvisor. The Sub-Subadvisor shall pay the salaries and fees of all personnel of the Sub-Subadvisor performing services for the Portfolio relating to research, statistical and investment activities.

(a)

Investment Advice: If and to the extent requested by the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall provide investment advice to the Portfolio and the Sub-Advisor with respect to all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio, and in connection with such advice shall furnish the Portfolio and the Sub-Advisor such factual information, research reports and investment recommendations as the Sub-Advisor may reasonably require. Such information may include written and oral reports and analyses.

(b)

Investment Management: If and to the extent requested by the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall, subject to the supervision of the Sub-Advisor, manage all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio in accordance with the investment objective, policies and limitations provided in the Portfolios Prospectus or other governing instruments, as amended from time to time, the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) and rules thereunder, as amended from time to time, and such other limitations as the Trust or Sub-Advisor may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Subadvisor. With respect to the portion of the investments of the Portfolio under its management, the Sub-Subadvisor is authorized to make investment decisions on behalf of the Portfolio with regard to any stock, bond, other security or investment instrument, and to place orders for the purchase and sale of such securities through such broker-dealers as the Sub-Subadvisor may select. The Sub-Subadvisor may also be authorized, but only to the extent such duties are delegated in writing by the Sub-Advisor, to provide additional investment management services to the Portfolio, including but not limited to services such as managing foreign currency investments, purchasing and selling or writing futures and options contracts, borrowing money or lending securities on behalf of the Portfolio. All investment management and any other activities of the Sub-Subadvisor shall at all times be subject to the control and direction of the Sub-Advisor and the Trusts Board of Trustees.

(c)

Subsidiaries and Affiliates: The Sub-Subadvisor may perform any or all of the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as the Sub-Subadvisor shall determine; provided, however, that performance of such services through such subsidiaries or other affiliated persons shall have been approved by the Trust to the extent required pursuant to the 1940 Act and rules thereunder.




 



 2. Information to be Provided to the Trust and the Sub-Advisor: The Sub-Subadvisor shall furnish such reports, evaluations, information or analyses to the Trust and the Sub-Advisor as the Trusts Board of Trustees or the Sub-Advisor may reasonably request from time to time, or as the Sub-Subadvisor may deem to be desirable.

 3. Brokerage: In connection with the services provided under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Subadvisor shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Portfolios account with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Subadvisor, which may include brokers or dealers affiliated with the Sub-Advisor or Sub-Subadvisor. The Sub-Subadvisor shall use its best efforts to seek to execute portfolio transactions at prices which are advantageous to the Portfolio and at commission rates which are reasonable in relation to the benefits received. In selecting brokers or dealers qualified to execute a particular transaction, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the Portfolio and/or to the other accounts over which the Sub-Subadvisor or Sub-Advisor exercise investment discretion. The Sub-Subadvisor is authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the Portfolio which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Sub-Subadvisor determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities which the Sub-Subadvisor has with respect to accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The Trustees of the Trust shall periodically review the commissions paid by the Portfolio to determine if the commissions paid over representative periods of time were reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Portfolio.

 4. Compensation: The Sub-Advisor shall compensate the Sub-Subadvisor on the following basis for the services to be furnished hereunder.

(a)

Investment Advisory Fee: For services provided under subparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor agrees to pay the Sub-Subadvisor a monthly Sub-Subadvisory Fee. The Sub-Subadvisory Fee shall be equal to [___]%of the Sub-Subadvisors costs incurred in connection with rendering the services referred to in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement. The Sub-Subadvisory Fee shall not be reduced to reflect expense reimbursements or fee waivers by the Sub-Advisor, if any, in effect from time to time.

(b)

Investment Management Fee: For services provided under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor agrees to pay the Sub-Subadvisor a monthly Investment Management Fee. The Investment Management Fee shall be equal to: (i) [___]%of the monthly management fee rate (including performance adjustments, if any) that the Portfolio is obligated to pay the Sub-Advisor under its Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Sub-Advisor, multiplied by: (ii) the fraction equal to the net assets of the Portfolio as to which the Sub-Subadvisor shall have provided investment management services divided by the net assets of the Portfolio for that month; provided, however, that the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor for any period hereunder shall in all circumstances be an amount not less than [___]% of the Sub-Subadvisors costs incurred in connection with rendering the services referred to in subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement (but in no event will the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor exceed the management fee paid to the Sub-Advisor pursuant to its management contract with respect to the Portfolio) (the minimum fee described in this proviso being referred to herein as the Minimum Investment Management Fee). If in any fiscal year the aggregate expenses of the Portfolio exceed any applicable expense limitation imposed by any state or federal securities laws or regulations, and the Sub-Advisor waives all or a portion of its management fee or reimburses the Portfolio for expenses to the extent required to satisfy such limitation, the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor will be reduced by [___]% of the amount of such waivers or reimbursements multiplied by the fraction determined in (ii), subject to the Minimum Investment Management Fee. If the Sub-Subadvisor reduces its fees to reflect such waivers or reimbursements and the Sub-Advisor subsequently recovers all or any portion of such waivers or reimbursements, then the Sub-Subadvisor shall be entitled to receive from the Sub-Advisor a proportionate share of the amount recovered.

(c)

Provision of Multiple Services: If the Sub-Subadvisor shall have provided both investment advisory services under subparagraph (a) and investment management services under subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) for the same portion of the investments of the Portfolio for the same period, the fees paid to the Sub-Advisor with respect to such investments shall be calculated exclusively under subparagraph (b) of this paragraph 4.

 





 5. Expenses: It is understood that the Portfolio will pay all of its expenses other than those expressly stated to be payable by the Sub-Subadvisor hereunder or by the Sub-Advisor under the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Portfolio.

 6. Interested Persons: It is understood that Trustees, officers, and shareholders of the Trust are or may be or become interested in the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor as directors, officers or otherwise and that directors, officers and stockholders of the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor are or may be or become similarly interested in the Trust, and that the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor may be or become interested in the Trust as a shareholder or otherwise.

 7. Services to Other Companies or Accounts: The services of the Sub-Subadvisor to the Sub-Advisor are not to be deemed to be exclusive, the Sub-Subadvisor being free to render services to others and engage in other activities, provided, however, that such other services and activities do not, during the term of this Agreement, interfere, in a material manner, with the Sub-Subadvisors ability to meet all of its obligations hereunder. The Sub-Subadvisor shall for all purposes be an independent contractor and not an agent or employee of the Sub-Advisor or the Trust.

 8. Standard of Care: In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Sub-Subadvisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall not be subject to liability to the Sub-Advisor, the Trust or to any shareholder of the Portfolio for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.

 9. Duration and Termination of Agreement; Amendments:

(a)

Subject to prior termination as provided in subparagraph (d) of this paragraph 9, this Agreement shall continue in force until [____], and indefinitely thereafter, but only so long as the continuance after such period shall be specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Trusts Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.

(b)

This Agreement may be modified by mutual consent of the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor and the Portfolio subject to the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, as modified by or interpreted by any applicable order or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) or any rules or regulations adopted by, or interpretative releases or no-action letters of, the Commission or its staff.

(c)

In addition to the requirements of subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph 9, the terms of any continuance or modification of this Agreement must have been approved by the vote of a majority of those Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval (unless the Commission has granted relief from this provision of Section 15 of the 1940 Act due to exigent circumstances, in which case the conditions of such relief may be followed).

(d)

Either the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor or the Portfolio may, at any time on sixty (60) days prior written notice to the other parties, terminate this Agreement, without payment of any penalty, by action of its Board of Trustees or Directors, or with respect to the Portfolio by vote of a majority of its outstanding voting securities. This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.

 10. Limitation of Liability: The Sub-Subadvisor is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Declaration of Trust or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Portfolio arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Portfolio and its assets, and the Sub-Subadvisor shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the shareholders or any shareholder of the Portfolio. Nor shall the Sub-Subadvisor seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the Trustees or any individual Trustee.

 11. Governing Law: This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions thereof.

The terms registered investment company, vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, assignment, and interested persons, when used herein, shall have the respective meanings specified in the 1940 Act as now in effect or as hereafter amended, and subject to such orders or no-action letters as may be granted by the Commission or its staff.







[SIGNATURE LINES OMITTED]











































SCHEDULE A

Portfolios Covered by the Sub-Subadvisory Agreement, dated as of [____]between




 


Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC

and

Fidelity Management & Research (Japan) Limited



Portfolio

Approval Date

Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund

[____]





1



Converted by EDGARwiz


FORM OF

SUB-SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT

between

FIDELITY DIVERSIFYING SOLUTIONS LLC

and

FMR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT (UK) LIMITED

AGREEMENT as of this [______], by and between Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC, a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices at 245 Summer Street, Boston, MA (hereinafter called the Sub-Advisor), and FMR Investment Management (UK) Limited (hereinafter called the Sub-Subadvisor).

WHEREAS the Sub-Advisor has entered into various investment sub-advisory agreements (each a Sub-Advisory Agreement ) with those Delaware statutory trusts, each a registered investment company issuing one or more series of shares of beneficial interest (each a Trust) on behalf of each of their respective portfolios listed on Schedule A attached hereto, as the same may be amended from time to time (each a Portfolio) and the adviser to those trusts, Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, pursuant to which the Sub-Advisor acts as investment sub-advisor to each of the Portfolios; and

WHEREAS the Sub-Subadvisor and its subsidiaries and other affiliated persons have personnel in various locations throughout the world and have been formed in part for the purpose of researching and compiling information and recommendations with respect to the economies of various countries, and securities of issuers located in such countries, and providing investment advisory services in connection therewith;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the Trust, the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Subadvisor agree as follows:

 1. Duties: The Sub-Advisor may, in its discretion, appoint the Sub-Subadvisor to perform one or more of the following services with respect to all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio. The services and the portion of the investments of the Portfolio to be advised or managed by the Sub-Subadvisor shall be as agreed upon from time to time by the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Subadvisor. The Sub-Subadvisor shall pay the salaries and fees of all personnel of the Sub-Subadvisor performing services for the Portfolio relating to research, statistical and investment activities.

(a)

Investment Advice: If and to the extent requested by the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall provide investment advice to the Portfolio and the Sub-Advisor with respect to all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio, and in connection with such advice shall furnish the Portfolio and the Sub-Advisor such factual information, research reports and investment recommendations as the Sub-Advisor may reasonably require. Such information may include written and oral reports and analyses.

(b)

Investment Management: If and to the extent requested by the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall, subject to the supervision of the Sub-Advisor, manage all or a portion of the investments of the Portfolio in accordance with the investment objective, policies and limitations provided in the Portfolios Prospectus or other governing instruments, as amended from time to time, the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) and rules thereunder, as amended from time to time, and such other limitations as the Trust or Sub-Advisor may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Subadvisor. With respect to the portion of the investments of the Portfolio under its management, the Sub-Subadvisor is authorized to make investment decisions on behalf of the Portfolio with regard to any stock, bond, other security or investment instrument, and to place orders for the purchase and sale of such securities through such broker-dealers as the Sub-Subadvisor may select. The Sub-Subadvisor may also be authorized, but only to the extent such duties are delegated in writing by the Sub-Advisor, to provide additional investment management services to the Portfolio, including but not limited to services such as managing foreign currency investments, purchasing and selling or writing futures and options contracts, borrowing money or lending securities on behalf of the Portfolio. All investment management and any other activities of the Sub-Subadvisor shall at all times be subject to the control and direction of the Sub-Advisor and the Trusts Board of Trustees.

(c)

Subsidiaries and Affiliates: The Sub-Subadvisor may perform any or all of the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as the Sub-Subadvisor shall determine; provided, however, that performance of such services through such subsidiaries or other affiliated persons shall have been approved by the Trust to the extent required pursuant to the 1940 Act and rules thereunder.


 





 2. Information to be Provided to the Trust and the Sub-Advisor: The Sub-Subadvisor shall furnish such reports, evaluations, information or analyses to the Trust and the Sub-Advisor as the Trusts Board of Trustees or the Sub-Advisor may reasonably request from time to time, or as the Sub-Subadvisor may deem to be desirable.

 3. Brokerage: In connection with the services provided under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Subadvisor shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Portfolios account with brokers or dealers selected by the Sub-Subadvisor, which may include brokers or dealers affiliated with the Sub-Advisor or Sub-Subadvisor. The Sub-Subadvisor shall use its best efforts to seek to execute portfolio transactions at prices which are advantageous to the Portfolio and at commission rates which are reasonable in relation to the benefits received. In selecting brokers or dealers qualified to execute a particular transaction, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the Portfolio and/or to the other accounts over which the Sub-Subadvisor or Sub-Advisor exercise investment discretion. The Sub-Subadvisor is authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the Portfolio which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Sub-Subadvisor determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities which the Sub-Subadvisor has with respect to accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The Trustees of the Trust shall periodically review the commissions paid by the Portfolio to determine if the commissions paid over representative periods of time were reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Portfolio.

 4. Compensation: The Sub-Advisor shall compensate the Sub-Subadvisor on the following basis for the services to be furnished hereunder.

(a)

Investment Advisory Fee: For services provided under subparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor agrees to pay the Sub-Subadvisor a monthly Sub-Subadvisory Fee. The Sub-Subadvisory Fee shall be equal to [___]% of the Sub-Subadvisors costs incurred in connection with rendering the services referred to in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement. The Sub-Subadvisory Fee shall not be reduced to reflect expense reimbursements or fee waivers by the Sub-Advisor, if any, in effect from time to time.

(b)

Investment Management Fee: For services provided under subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor agrees to pay the Sub-Subadvisor a monthly Investment Management Fee. The Investment Management Fee shall be equal to: (i) [___]%of the monthly management fee rate (including performance adjustments, if any) that the Portfolio is obligated to pay the Sub-Advisor under its Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Sub-Advisor, multiplied by: (ii) the fraction equal to the net assets of the Portfolio as to which the Sub-Subadvisor shall have provided investment management services divided by the net assets of the Portfolio for that month; provided, however, that the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor for any period hereunder shall in all circumstances be an amount not less than [___]%of the Sub-Subadvisors costs incurred in connection with rendering the services referred to in subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this Agreement (but in no event will the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor exceed the management fee paid to the Sub-Advisor pursuant to its management contract with respect to the Portfolio) (the minimum fee described in this proviso being referred to herein as the Minimum Investment Management Fee). If in any fiscal year the aggregate expenses of the Portfolio exceed any applicable expense limitation imposed by any state or federal securities laws or regulations, and the Sub-Advisor waives all or a portion of its management fee or reimburses the Portfolio for expenses to the extent required to satisfy such limitation, the Investment Management Fee paid to the Sub-Subadvisor will be reduced by [___]%of the amount of such waivers or reimbursements multiplied by the fraction determined in (ii), subject to the Minimum Investment Management Fee. If the Sub-Subadvisor reduces its fees to reflect such waivers or reimbursements and the Sub-Advisor subsequently recovers all or any portion of such waivers or reimbursements, then the Sub-Subadvisor shall be entitled to receive from the Sub-Advisor a proportionate share of the amount recovered.

(c)

Provision of Multiple Services: If the Sub-Subadvisor shall have provided both investment advisory services under subparagraph (a) and investment management services under subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) for the same portion of the investments of the Portfolio for the same period, the fees paid to the Sub-Advisor with respect to such investments shall be calculated exclusively under subparagraph (b) of this paragraph 4.


 





 5. Expenses: It is understood that the Portfolio will pay all of its expenses other than those expressly stated to be payable by the Sub-Subadvisor hereunder or by the Sub-Advisor under the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Portfolio.

 6. Interested Persons: It is understood that Trustees, officers, and shareholders of the Trust are or may be or become interested in the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor as directors, officers or otherwise and that directors, officers and stockholders of the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor are or may be or become similarly interested in the Trust, and that the Sub-Advisor or the Sub-Subadvisor may be or become interested in the Trust as a shareholder or otherwise.

7. Services to Other Companies or Accounts: The services of the Sub-Subadvisor to the Sub-Advisor are not to be deemed to be exclusive, the Sub-Subadvisor being free to render services to others and engage in other activities, provided, however, that such other services and activities do not, during the term of this Agreement, interfere, in a material manner, with the Sub-Subadvisors ability to meet all of its obligations hereunder. The Sub-Subadvisor shall for all purposes be an independent contractor and not an agent or employee of the Sub-Advisor or the Trust.

 8. Standard of Care: In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Sub-Subadvisor, the Sub-Subadvisor shall not be subject to liability to the Sub-Advisor, the Trust or to any shareholder of the Portfolio for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.

 9. Duration and Termination of Agreement; Amendments:

(a)

Subject to prior termination as provided in subparagraph (d) of this paragraph 9, this Agreement shall continue in force until [____], and indefinitely thereafter, but only so long as the continuance after such period shall be specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Trusts Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.

(b)

This Agreement may be modified by mutual consent of the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor and the Portfolio subject to the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, as modified by or interpreted by any applicable order or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) or any rules or regulations adopted by, or interpretative releases or no-action letters of, the Commission or its staff.

(c)

In addition to the requirements of subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph 9, the terms of any continuance or modification of this Agreement must have been approved by the vote of a majority of those Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval(unless the Commission has granted relief from this provision of Section 15 of the 1940 Act due to exigent circumstances, in which case the conditions of such relief may be followed)  .

(d)

Either the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Subadvisor or the Portfolio may, at any time on sixty (60) days prior written notice to the other parties, terminate this Agreement, without payment of any penalty, by action of its Board of Trustees or Directors, or with respect to the Portfolio by vote of a majority of its outstanding voting securities. This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.

 10. Limitation of Liability: The Sub-Subadvisor is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Declaration of Trust or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Portfolio arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Portfolio and its assets, and the Sub-Subadvisor shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the shareholders or any shareholder of the Portfolio. Nor shall the Sub-Subadvisor seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the Trustees or any individual Trustee.

 11.  Governing Law: This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions thereof.

The terms registered investment company, vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, assignment, and interested persons, when used herein, shall have the respective meanings specified in the 1940 Act as now in effect or as hereafter amended, and subject to such orders or no-action letters as may be granted by the Commission or its staff.







[SIGNATURE LINES OMITTED]





















































SCHEDULE A

Portfolios Covered by the Sub-Subadvisory Agreement, dated as of [___] between Fidelity Diversifying Solutions LLC





and

FMR Investment Management (UK) Limited


Portfolio

Approval Date

Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund

[___]






1



Converted by EDGARwiz



SCHEDULE A

Portfolios Covered by the Sub-Subadvisory Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2018 between FIAM LLC

and

Fidelity Management & Research (Hong Kong) Limited



Portfolio

Approval Date

Strategic Advisers Conservative U.S. Equity Fund

June 7, 2018

Strategic Advisers Fidelity Core Income Fund

June 7, 2018

Strategic Advisers Fidelity Emerging Markets Fund

September 13, 2018

Strategic Advisers Large Cap Fund

June 3, 2020

Strategic Advisers Core Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Emerging Markets Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Fidelity International Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Growth Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Income Opportunities Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers International Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Short Duration Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Small-Mid Cap Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Value Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisors Municipal Bond Fund

June 3, 2021



Agreed and Accepted as of June 3, 2021


     FIAM LLC

Fidelity Management & Research (Hong Kong) Limited


By: /s/Casey Condron

By: /s/Sharon Yau Lecornu

Name: Casey Condron

Name: Sharon Yau Lecornu

Title: SVP, Head of Institutional Sales & RM









Converted by EDGARwiz

SCHEDULE A

Portfolios Covered by the Sub-Subadvisory Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2018 between FIAM LLC

and

Fidelity Management & Research (Japan) Limited



Portfolio

Approval Date

Strategic Advisers Conservative U.S. Equity Fund

June 7, 2018

Strategic Advisers Fidelity Core Income Fund

June 7, 2018

Strategic Advisers Fidelity Emerging Markets Fund

September 13, 2018

Strategic Advisers Large Cap Fund

June 3, 2020

Strategic Advisers Core Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Emerging Markets Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Fidelity International Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Growth Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Income Opportunities Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers International Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Short Duration Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Small-Mid Cap Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Value Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisors Municipal Bond Fund

June 3, 2021



Agreed and Accepted as of June 3, 2021



FIAM LLC

Fidelity Management & Research (Japan) Limited


By: /s/Casey Condron

By:  /s/Kirk Neureiter


Name:  Casey Condron

Name: Kirk Neureiter

Title: SVP, Head of Institutional Sales & RM







Converted by EDGARwiz





SCHEDULE A

Portfolios Covered by the Sub-Subadvisory Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2018 between FIAM LLC

and

FMR Investment Management (UK) Limited



Portfolio

Approval Date

Strategic Advisers Conservative U.S. Equity Fund

June 7, 2018

Strategic Advisers Fidelity Core Income Fund

June 7, 2018

Strategic Advisers Fidelity Emerging Markets Fund

September 13, 2018

Strategic Advisers Large Cap Fund

June 3, 2020

Strategic Advisers Core Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Emerging Markets Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Fidelity International Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Growth Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Income Opportunities Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers International Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Short Duration Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Small-Mid Cap Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisers Value Fund

November 2, 2020

Strategic Advisors Municipal Bond Fund

June 3, 2021


 


 Agreed and Accepted as of June 3, 2021

 

 

FIAM LLC                                                                                       FMR Investment Management (UK) Limited

 

By: /s/Casey Condron

By:  /s/Mark Flaherty

Name: Casey Condron

Name: Mark Flaherty

Title: SVP, Head of Institutional Sales & RM

Title: CIO, UK Fixed Income









_


INVESTMENT SUB-SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

BLACKROCK INTERNATIONAL LIMITED,

BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022 among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund (the Fund), BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and BlackRock International Limited (Sub-Subadviser), a corporation organized under the laws of Scotland.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub-Sub-adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act), and the Sub-Subadviser is authorized and regulated in the United Kingdom by the Financial Conduct Authority (the FCA);

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser) to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated March 5, 2010, as amended and restated October 1, 2018, as may be further amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Advisor have retained the Sub-Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated March 10, 2022, as may be amended from time to time (Sub-Advisory Agreement); and

WHEREAS, the Sub-Adviser wishes to retain the Sub-Subadviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets in the Total Return strategy (Strategy) allocated to the Sub-Subadviser, as determined from time to time by the Sub-Adviser, and the Sub-Subadviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Subadviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Sub-Adviser hereby appoints the Sub-Subadviser to act as investment sub-subadviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets in the Strategy allocated, from time to time, by the Sub-Adviser to the Sub-Subadviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Subadviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

For the purposes of the rules, guidance and principles of the FCA of the United Kingdom as amended or consolidated from time to time (the FCA Rules) and based on information obtained in respect of the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will be treated by the Sub-Subadviser as a professional client.  The Sub-Advisor acknowledges and accepts this categorization. The Sub-Adviser has the right to request a different categorization at any time from the Sub-Subadviser, however, the Sub-Subadviser only provides the services to professional clients and will no longer be able to provide services to the Sub-Adviser in the event of a request for a change in categorization.

The Sub-Adviser acknowledges that it has been separately provided with a copy of the supplemental disclosures document provided to clients and potential clients of the Sub-Subadviser that contains the Sub-Subadvisers disclosures as made available to the Sub-Adviser from time to time (the Supplemental Disclosures), which sets out: (i) information on the services that the Sub-Subadviser is required to provide to the Sub-Adviser by applicable regulation and (ii) other information relating to the Sub-Subadviser.  The Supplemental Disclosures include, among other things: risk disclosures (which provide a description of the nature of risks of financial instruments), a summary of the Sub-Subadvisers conflicts of interest policy and disclosures, a summary of the Sub-Subadvisers order execution policy, details of the reports the Sub-Subadviser will provide in relation to the services provided hereunder, details on how the Sub-Subadviser will provide the Sub-Adviser with information on costs and charges, and the Sub-Subadviser data protection notice.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Subadviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Subadviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Sub-Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Subadviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

provide information, as necessary, to the Sub-Adviser, in connection with proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested so that the Sub-Adviser shall vote all such proxies in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Sub-Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Subadviser will provide the Sub-Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Subadviser will furnish the Sub-Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the Portfolio.

The Sub-Subadviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Subadvisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Subadviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Board.;

(i)

assist the Sub-Adviser to manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Subadviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Subadviser will provide reasonable information to the Sub-Adviser so that the Sub-Adviser can complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Subadviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Subadvisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub- Subadviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Subadviser and other documents provided to the Sub- Subadviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub- certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Subadviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Subadviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Subadviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Subadviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Subadviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Subadviser or any of its management persons  The Sub-Subadviser further agrees to notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Subadviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Subadviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Subadviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Subadviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party, except in compliance with Section 13(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, Sub-Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, Sub- Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Subadviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Subadviser. This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Subadviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub- adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser or Sub- Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub- advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Subadviser by the Sub-Adviser; and

(t)

provide the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Subadvisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser; and provide the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Subadviser further agrees with the consent of the Adviser, that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Subadviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.      

3.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Subadviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Subadviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Sub-Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Subadviser, as its delegate, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Subadviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Subadviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities, provided that the Sub-Subadviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Subadviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Subadvisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Subadviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Subadviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Subadviser deems desirable or appropriate.

In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub- Subadviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. When providing the services hereunder (Services) to the Fund the Sub-Subadviser will: (a) not accept and retain fees, commissions or any monetary or non-monetary benefits paid or provided by any third party or a person acting on behalf of a third party in relation to the provision of the Services (other than minor non-monetary benefits that are capable of enhancing the quality of service and are judged not to impair compliance with the firms duty to act in the best interest of the client and which have been clearly disclosed by the Sub-Subadviser to the Fund); and (b) ensure that any research material or services provided to the Sub-Subadviser by or on behalf of a third party in relation to the provision of the Services will be received by the Sub-Subadviser in return for direct payments by the investment firm out of its own resources. The Sub-Subadviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, and (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Subadviser in a manner that complies with the trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Subadviser and is consistent with the Sub-Subadvisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Subadviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with appropriate derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) and Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1-(e)(6) and acting in its capacity as such, and, in each case, has agreed to provide appropriate documentation certifying its tax status under clause (a) or (b).

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Subadviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub- Subadviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Subadviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Subadviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Subadviser shall assist the Sub-Adviser with all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Subadviser also shall assist the Sub-Adviser with all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Subadviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Subadviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Subadviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Subadvisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Subadviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub- Subadviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Subadviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Subadviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof , (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Subadviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub- Subadviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Subadviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Subadviser for use therein, or (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Subadviser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Subadviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Subadviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Subadviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6(a) and (b), the term Sub-Subadviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Subadviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Subadvisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Subadviser.  

(e)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Subadviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Subadviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under Sub-Advisory Agreement.

7.

Compensation


The Sub-Subadviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto. The Sub-Subadviser agrees to look exclusively to the Sub-Adviser, and not to any assets of the Trust or the Fund, for the payment of the Sub- Subadvisers fees arising under this Agreement.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Subadviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub- Subadviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Subadviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Subadviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Subadviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Subadviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Subadvisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement. If the Sub-Subadviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Subadviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub-Subadviser. In this regard, the Sub-Subadviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program;

(2)

provide the Sub- Adviser with reasonable information so that the Sub-Adviser can submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide reasonable information to the Sub-Adviser so that the Sub-Adviser can submit periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year  each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Subadviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Subadvisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Subadvisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 18 Report (or its equivalent) prepared by the Sub- Subadvisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Subadvisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Subadviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.


 


11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Subadviser and Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Subadviser and Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement or Sub-Advisory Agreement, or the termination or removal of the Strategy from the Sub-Advisory Agreement, with respect to the Fund. This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub- adviser and with the Adviser and Sub-Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Subadviser shall deliver, or shall cooperate with the Sub-Adviser to deliver, to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Subadvisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub-Subadviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Subadviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Subadviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to Advisers analysts and portfolio managers assigned to the asset class(es) in which the Portfolio or Fund invests in connection with the management of portfolios in the discretionary investment programs through which the Fund is offered, and to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:

If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

                                                                                245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Sub-Adviser:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attn: James Morris


With a copy to:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attn: Bill Monahan


If to the Sub-Subadviser:

BlackRock International Limited

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 0854

Attn: James Morris




16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Subadviser shall be an independent contractor. Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Subadviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]


 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC


By:

/s/ Scott Reeder

Name: Scott Reeder

Title: Managing Director



BLACKROCK INTERNATIONAL LIMITED



By:

/s/ Jeanette Teo

Name: Jeanette Teo  

Title: Managing Director




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Name:  Stacie Smith

Title:  Treasurer


 





_


INVESTMENT SUB-SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT

AMONG

BLACKROCK (SINGAPORE) LIMITED,

BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

AND

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II


AGREEMENT, made this 10th day of March, 2022 among Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, on behalf of Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund (the Fund), BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (Sub-Adviser), a Delaware limited liability company, and BlackRock (Singapore) Limited (Sub-Subadviser), a company organized under the laws of Singapore.

WHEREAS, the Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act);

WHEREAS, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub-Sub-adviser are each registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act), and the Sub-Subadviser is authorized and licensed in Singapore by the Monetary Authority of Singapore;

WHEREAS, the Trust has retained Strategic Advisers LLC (Adviser) to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to a Management Contract dated March 5, 2010, as amended and restated October 1, 2018, as may be further amended from time to time (Advisory Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Trust and the Advisor have retained the Sub-Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pursuant to an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated March 10, 2022, as may be amended from time to time (Sub-Advisory Agreement); and

WHEREAS, the Sub-Adviser wishes to retain the Sub-Subadviser to render certain investment advisory, research and trading services to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets in the Total Return strategy (Strategy) allocated to the Sub-Subadviser, as determined from time to time by the Sub-Adviser, and the Sub-Subadviser is willing to render such services.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed among the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Subadviser and the Trust as follows:

1.

Appointment


The Sub-Adviser hereby appoints the Sub-Subadviser to act as investment sub-subadviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the Funds assets in the Strategy allocated, from time to time, by the Sub-Adviser to the Sub-Subadviser (the Portfolio), for the periods and on the terms set forth herein. The Sub-Subadviser accepts the appointment and agrees to furnish the services set forth herein for the compensation provided in Section 7 of this Agreement.

2.

Services and Duties of Investment Sub-Subadviser


Subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board), the Sub-Subadviser will:

(a)

provide a program of continuous investment management for the Portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies as stated in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-1A, as amended and supplemented from time to time (the Registration Statement), and such other limitations as the Trust, the Fund, the Board or the Sub-Adviser may impose with respect to the Portfolio by notice to the Sub-Subadviser;


(b)

invest and reinvest the assets of the Portfolio by selecting the securities, instruments, repurchase agreements, financial futures contracts, options and other investments and techniques that the Fund may purchase, sell, enter into or use in respect of the Portfolio;

(c)

oversee the placement of purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(d)

employ portfolio managers to make investment decisions and securities analysts to provide research services to the Fund in respect of the Portfolio;

(e)

provide information, as necessary, to the Sub-Adviser, in connection with proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers securities in which the assets of the Portfolio may be invested so that the Sub-Adviser shall vote all such proxies in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; and provide information to the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trusts compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act;

(f)

maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions in respect of the Portfolio, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and

(g)

to the extent reasonably requested by the Sub-Adviser or officers of the Fund, cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Trusts other service providers by (1) keeping them fully informed as to such matters that they may reasonably deem necessary with respect to the performance of their obligations to the Fund, (2) providing prompt responses to reasonable requests for information or assistance, and (3) establishing appropriate processes to promote the efficient exchange of information.

In providing those services, the Sub-Subadviser will provide the Sub-Adviser and the Fund with an ongoing and continuous investment program in respect of the Portfolio. In addition, the Sub-Subadviser will furnish the Sub-Adviser and/or the Fund with statistical information as the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or the Fund may reasonably request with respect to the Portfolio.

The Sub-Subadviser further agrees that, in performing its duties hereunder, it will:

(h)

comply in all material respects with the applicable sections of (1) the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and all rules and regulations thereunder, (2) any other applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to applicable securities and anti-corruption laws and regulations, (3) the Sub-Subadvisers compliance policies and procedures (provided, however, that the Sub-Subadviser shall comply with the policies and procedures provided by the Trust with respect to Rules 17e-1, 10f-3, and 17a-7 under the 1940 Act), (4) the rules and regulations of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, (5) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), (6) the investment objectives, strategies, policies, limitations and restrictions of the Fund as described in the Registration Statement, (7) the Trusts Trust Instrument and By-Laws and (8) any written instructions of the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Board.;

(i)

assist the Sub-Adviser to manage the assets of the Portfolio to comply with the following requirements of the Code and regulations issued thereunder: section 851(b)(2) and section 851(b)(3) (and, if applicable, section 817(h)); provided, however, that with respect to the 10% voting securities test contained in section 851(b)(3)(A)(ii), the Sub-Subadviser will comply with such requirements as the Trust, the Fund or its Adviser shall furnish to the Sub-Adviser from time to time;

(j)

keep the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or the Board informed of developments materially affecting the Portfolio;

(k)

make available to the Board, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and the Trusts administrator, promptly upon their request, such copies of its records with respect to the Fund as may be required to assist in their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As reasonably requested by the Board, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Subadviser will provide reasonable information to the Sub-Adviser so that the Sub-Adviser can complete periodic or special questionnaires and furnish to the Board and/or the Adviser such periodic and special reports regarding the Fund and the Sub-Subadviser including, but not limited to, reports concerning transactions and performance of the Portfolio, quarterly and annual compliance reports and certifications, reports regarding compliance with the Trusts procedures pursuant to Rules 17e-1, 17a-7, 10f-3 and 12d3-1 under the 1940 Act (as applicable), quarterly reports identifying material compliance matters and any material changes to the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program (including revisions to compliance policies and procedures), fundamental investment restrictions, procedures for opening brokerage accounts and commodity trading accounts, liquidity determinations for securities or other instruments held by the Portfolio such as, among others, securities purchased pursuant to Rule 144A and 4(2) commercial paper, compliance with the Sub-Subadvisers Code of Ethics, and such other procedures or requirements that the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may reasonably request from time to time;

(l)

make available to the Board, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Board, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub- Subadviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Fund;

(m)

review draft reports to shareholders, registration statements or portions thereof that relate to the Portfolio or the Sub-Subadviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Subadviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub- certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents;

(n)

use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in its possession or the possession of any of its affiliates, nor will the Sub-Subadviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Fund;

(o)

promptly notify the Trust, Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Board in the event that the Sub-Subadviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Subadviser: (i) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Subadviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Subadviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (iii) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; or (iv) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or their affiliates; or is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Subadviser or any of its management persons  The Sub-Subadviser further agrees to notify the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Subadviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Subadviser that is not contained in the Trusts Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Fund, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Subadviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual or imminent change in control or management of the Sub-Subadviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively;

(p)

not disclose information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third party, except in compliance with Section 13(a) of this Agreement (including the consent provision therein) and the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings;

(q)

provide the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist the Adviser, the Trust or the Board in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Funds Form N-CSRs and Form N-PORTs;

(r)

provide assistance to the Adviser, Sub-Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Registration Statement, the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Fund for which the Adviser, Sub- Adviser, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Subadviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Subadviser. This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Subadviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Boards Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Fund, upon the reasonable request of the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Adviser, Sub-Adviser or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Fund records;

(s)

not consult with any other investment sub-adviser of the Trust (if any), or with the sub- adviser to any other investment company (or separate series thereof) managed by the Adviser or Sub- Adviser concerning the Funds transactions in securities or other assets, except for purposes of complying with the conditions of Rule 12d3-1(a) and (b) under the 1940 Act, and, to the extent that multiple sub- advisers may be engaged to provide services to the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser shall be responsible for providing investment advisory services only with respect to the Portfolio allocated to the Sub-Subadviser by the Sub-Adviser; and


(t)

provide the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC, notify the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser on a quarterly basis of any amendments to the Sub-Subadvisers Form ADV and furnish a copy of such amendments to the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser; and provide the Trust, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with a copy of its Form ADV Part 2A as updated from time to time.  

The Sub-Subadviser further agrees with the consent of the Adviser, that it may perform any or all the services contemplated by this Agreement directly or through such of its subsidiaries or other affiliated persons as it believes reasonably necessary to assist it in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.  However, the Sub-Subadviser may not retain the services of any entity that would be an investment adviser, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, to the Fund unless any agreement with such entity has been approved by (i) a majority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) to the extent necessary, the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.      

3.

Brokerage; Trading Agreements


The Sub-Subadviser may place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund directly with the issuers of the securities, or with derivative and other counterparties, brokers or dealers (including but not limited to prime brokers and/or futures commission merchants) (Trading Entities) selected by the Sub-Subadviser. In connection with the transactions permitted hereunder, the Sub-Adviser hereby grants to the Sub-Subadviser, as its delegate, the authority in respect of the Portfolio to open and maintain brokerage accounts of all types on behalf of and in the name of the Fund, and to negotiate and execute trading agreements, account opening and other agreements, ancillary documents, and any other reasonable and customary documents and representation letters as the Sub-Subadviser deems appropriate in respect of the Portfolio with appropriate Trading Entities that conform to the Trading Entity suitability standards established by the Sub-Subadviser (Documentation) and to perform on the Funds behalf any and all of the obligations contemplated under such Documentation. This authority includes, among other things, the authority to: (i) open trading accounts with Trading Entities; (ii) provide relevant Fund-related information to Trading Entities, provided that the Sub-Subadviser shall only send information pursuant to this clause (a) which is reasonably required to open and maintain trading accounts with such Trading Entities; (b) to such Trading Entities whom the Sub-Subadviser selected with due care in accordance with the Sub-Subadvisers policies and procedures; and (c) if the Sub-Subadviser reasonably believes that such information shall only be used by the applicable Trading Entity for the purpose of opening and maintaining trading accounts; and (iii) receive, review, and accept on the Funds behalf, any industry standard disclosures and other information Trading Entities may provide; and (iv) instruct the Funds custodian to deliver margin to and deposit collateral and margin with or for the benefit of the Trading Entity, in each case in a manner that is consistent with applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Subadviser may also enter into standard customer agreements with Trading Entities and direct payments of cash, cash equivalents and securities and other property into such brokerage and other accounts as the Sub-Subadviser deems desirable or appropriate.

In selecting Trading Entities to execute transactions on behalf of the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser will use its best efforts to seek the best overall terms available. In assessing the best overall terms available for the Fund transaction, the Sub- Subadviser will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In selecting broker-dealers to execute a particular transaction, and in evaluating the best overall terms available, the Sub-Subadviser is authorized to consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)) provided to the Fund and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Subadviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The parties hereto acknowledge that it is desirable for the Trust that the Sub-Subadviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by broker-dealers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Sub-Subadviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Subadviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Subadviser to the Fund in compliance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to the Sub-Subadviser in connection with the Sub-Subadvisers services to other clients. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder and subject to any other applicable laws and regulations, the Sub-Subadviser and its affiliates are authorized to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund and to retain brokerage commissions on such transactions. The Sub-Subadviser may, but shall not be obligated to, aggregate or bunch orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Fund with orders for its other clients where: (i) such aggregation or bunching of orders is not inconsistent with the Funds investment objectives, policies and procedures, and (ii) the allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the allocation of expenses incurred in any such transaction, shall be made by the Sub-Subadviser in a manner that complies with the trade allocation policies and procedures approved by the Board and is fair and equitable in the judgment of the Sub-Subadviser and is consistent with the Sub-Subadvisers fiduciary obligations to the Fund and each of its other clients.

Except where it has received the Advisers written consent in advance, the Sub-Subadviser agrees that it shall not enter into agreements with appropriate derivative counterparties and/or futures commission merchants with respect to the Fund unless the counterparty to such agreements is either (a) a U.S. person as that term is used in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) and Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) a qualified derivatives dealer as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.1441-1-(e)(6) and acting in its capacity as such, and, in each case, has agreed to provide appropriate documentation certifying its tax status under clause (a) or (b).

4.

Books, Records and Regulatory Filings


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser agrees to maintain and to preserve for the applicable periods any such records as are required to be maintained by the Sub-Subadviser with respect to the Fund by the 1940 Act and rules adopted thereunder, and by any other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Sub- Subadviser further agrees that all records that it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and it will promptly surrender any of such records upon request; provided, however, that the Sub-Subadviser may retain copies of such records for the applicable periods they are required by law to be retained, and thereafter shall destroy such records.

(b)

The Sub-Subadviser agrees that it shall furnish to regulatory authorities having the requisite authority any information or reports in connection with its services hereunder that may be requested in order to determine whether the operations of the Fund are being conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(c)

The Sub-Subadviser shall assist the Sub-Adviser with all filings with the SEC required of it pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to its duties as are set forth herein. The Sub-Subadviser also shall assist the Sub-Adviser with all required filings on Schedule 13D or 13G and Form 13F (as well as other filings triggered by ownership in securities under other applicable laws, rules and regulations) in respect of the Portfolio as may be required of the Fund due to the activities of the Sub-Subadviser. The Sub-Adviser shall be the sole filer of Form 13F with respect to the Portfolio of the Fund.

5.

Class Action Filings


The Sub-Subadviser is not responsible for making any class action filings on behalf of the Trust.  


6.

Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering the services under this Agreement. The Sub-Subadviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust, the Adviser or the Fund, or affiliated persons of the Adviser or the Fund (collectively, the Adviser Indemnitees) in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates except a loss resulting from the Sub-Subadvisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties, under this Agreement; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect or purport to protect the Sub-Subadviser against any liability to the Adviser Indemnitees for, and the Sub- Subadviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser Indemnitees from, any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which any of the Adviser Indemnitees may become subject arising out of or resulting from (i) the Sub-Subadviser causing the Fund to be in violation of any applicable federal or state law, rule or regulation or any investment policy or restriction set forth in the Funds current Registration Statement or the most current written guidelines, policies or instruction provided in writing by the Board or the Adviser, (ii) the Sub-Subadviser causing the Fund to fail to satisfy the requirements set forth in Section 2(i) hereof , (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Sub-Subadviser or the Portfolio managed by the Sub- Subadviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Subadviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Trust by the Sub-Subadviser for use therein, or (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Subadviser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of rights that the Trust or the Fund may have under federal or state securities laws.

(b)

The Sub-Subadviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Trust and agrees that any obligations of the Trust or the Fund arising in connection with this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and the Sub-Subadviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from any other fund of the Trust or the shareholders or any individual shareholder of the Fund. Nor shall the Sub-Subadviser seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the trustees of the Trust (each, a Trustee and, together, the Trustees) or any individual Trustee or any officers.


(c)

As used in this Section 6(a) and (b), the term Sub-Subadviser shall include any officers, directors, employees, independent contractors or other affiliates of the Sub-Subadviser performing services with respect to the Fund.

(d)

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the Sub-Subadvisers liability and indemnity obligations in connection with the services under this Agreement shall be governed by this Section 6, notwithstanding any additional and/or conflicting terms contained in any policies, guidelines or similar materials of the Sub-Subadviser.  

(e)

The Sub-Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Subadviser from and against any and all claims, losses, expenses, obligations and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys fees) to which the Sub-Subadviser may become subject directly arising out of or resulting from, the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its obligations and duties under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under Sub-Advisory Agreement.


7.

Compensation


The Sub-Subadviser shall be compensated for the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth on Schedule A attached hereto. The Sub-Subadviser agrees to look exclusively to the Sub-Adviser, and not to any assets of the Trust or the Fund, for the payment of the Sub- Subadvisers fees arising under this Agreement.  

8.

Expenses


The Sub-Subadviser will bear all expenses in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement, excluding those costs of the Fund associated with brokerage activities. The Sub- Subadviser shall bear all expenses and costs of the Trust (including reasonable attorneys fees), if any, arising out of a termination or possible termination of this Agreement as a result of an assignment caused by a change of control or management of the Sub-Subadviser, including the preparation and mailing of an information statement to shareholders pursuant to a manager-of-managers exemptive order from the SEC, or the preparation, mailing, solicitation and other costs associated with the use of a proxy statement relating to a shareholder vote in respect of a new sub-advisory agreement. The foregoing obligations of the Sub-Subadviser shall apply in any circumstance in which the Adviser, in consultation with internal or outside counsel to the Trust, deems that an actual or possible assignment of this Agreement has or may occur, and determines that an information statement should be used, or a vote of shareholders should be obtained, as the case may be.

9.

Services to Other Companies or Accounts


The investment advisory services of the Sub-Subadviser to the Fund under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Sub-Subadviser shall be free to render similar services to other investment companies and clients (whether or not their investment objective and policies are similar those of the Fund) and to engage in other activities, provided that such other services and activities do not interfere with or impair the Sub-Subadvisers ability to fulfill its duties and obligations under this Agreement. If the Sub-Subadviser provides any advice to its clients concerning investment in the shares of the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser shall act solely for such clients in that regard and not in any way on behalf of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund.

10.

Compliance Matters


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser understands and agrees that it is a service provider to the Trust as contemplated by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. As such, the Sub-Subadviser agrees to cooperate fully with the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with respect to (i) any and all compliance-related matters, and (ii) the Trusts efforts to assure that each of its service providers adopts and maintains policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined by Rule 38a-1) by the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub-Subadviser. In this regard, the Sub-Subadviser shall:

(1)

submit to the Board for its consideration and approval, prior to the effective date of this Agreement, the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program;

(2)

provide the Sub- Adviser with reasonable information so that the Sub-Adviser can submit annually (and at such other times as the Trust may reasonably request) to the Funds CCO and the Adviser for consideration by the Board, a report discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program, and fully describing any material amendments to such compliance program since the most recent such report;

(3)

provide reasonable information to the Sub-Adviser so that the Sub-Adviser can submit periodic reports, certifications and information concerning the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program including, but not limited to, the following;

(i)

Quarterly Compliance Certifications, including any required attachments, no later than the tenth (10th) business day after each calendar quarter; and

 (ii)

Annual Report on Code of Ethics Matters, including any required attachments, no later than the fifteenth (15th) business day of October each year  each year.

(4)

provide the Adviser and the Trust and its Trustees and officers with reasonable access to information regarding the Sub-Subadvisers compliance program, which access shall include on-site visits with the Sub-Subadviser as may be reasonably requested from time to time;

(5)

permit the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, and the Trust and its Trustees and officers to maintain an active working relationship with the Sub-Subadvisers compliance personnel by, among other things, providing the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Funds CCO and other officers with a specified individual within the Sub-Subadvisers organization to discuss and address compliance-related matters;  

(6)

provide the Adviser and its chief compliance officer and the Trust and its Trustees and officers, including the Funds CCO, with such certifications as may be reasonably requested; and

(7)

reasonably cooperate with any independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Trust, ensure that all reasonably necessary information and the appropriate personnel are made available to such independent registered public accounting firm, to support the expression of the independent registered public accounting firms opinion, and each year provide the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and such independent registered public accounting firm with a copy of the most recent SSAE 18 Report (or its equivalent) prepared by the Sub- Subadvisers independent auditors regarding the Sub-Subadvisers internal controls.

(b)

The Sub-Subadviser represents, warrants and covenants that it has implemented and shall maintain a compliance program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.

 


11.

Duration and Termination


(a)

This Agreement shall be effective immediately as of the date set forth above and shall continue in effect for two years from its effective date with respect to the Fund, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, and shall continue year to year thereafter, provided each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are neither (A) parties to this Agreement nor (B) interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person (to the extent required by the 1940 Act) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b)

This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, on sixty (60) days written notice to the Sub-Subadviser and Sub-Adviser: (i) by the Trust, pursuant to (A) action by the Board or (B) the vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of the Fund or (ii) by the Adviser. This Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund, without penalty, by the Sub-Subadviser and Sub-Adviser upon ninety (90) days written notice to the Trust. In addition, this Agreement will terminate with respect to the Fund in the event of the termination of the Advisory Agreement or Sub-Advisory Agreement, or the termination or removal of the Strategy from the Sub-Advisory Agreement, with respect to the Fund. This Agreement will be terminated automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

(c)

In the event of a termination of this Agreement for any reason with respect to the Fund, the Sub-Subadviser shall reasonably cooperate with any transition manager or successor investment sub- adviser and with the Adviser and Sub-Adviser in transitioning the management of the Portfolio to one or more new sub-advisers or to the Adviser, including, without limitation, providing the transition manager, at such intervals as the transition manager may request, with a list of holdings for the Portfolio and such other information as required by the transition management agreement, into which the Adviser and the transition manager will, at that time, enter. The Sub-Subadviser shall deliver, or shall cooperate with the Sub-Adviser to deliver, to Adviser all periodic compliance reports, certifications and information applicable to the period of Sub-Subadvisers services provided under this Agreement, including annual compliance reports and certifications.

(d)

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the Adviser, the Adviser Indemnitees, the Sub-Adviser and the Sub-Subadviser under Section 6 of this Agreement.

12.

Use of Name


(a)

The Sub-Subadviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Funds disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Subadviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Adviser, the Trust, the Fund or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Trust and the Adviser.

(b)

It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

13.

Confidential Information


(a)

Each party agrees that it will treat confidentially all information provided by any other party (the Discloser) regarding the Disclosers businesses and operations, including without limitation the investment activities or holdings of the Portfolio or the Fund (Confidential Information).  All Confidential Information provided by the Discloser shall be used only by the other party hereto (the Recipient) solely for the purposes of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement, and shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of the Discloser, except for a limited number of employees, attorneys, accountants and other advisers of the Recipient and its affiliates on a need-to-know basis and solely for the purposes of rendering services under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sub-Subadviser hereby agrees that the Adviser may provide information regarding Portfolio or Fund characteristics, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to Advisers analysts and portfolio managers assigned to the asset class(es) in which the Portfolio or Fund invests in connection with the management of portfolios in the discretionary investment programs through which the Fund is offered, and to any third party in compliance with the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

(b)

Confidential Information shall not include any information that: (i) is public when provided or thereafter becomes public through no wrongful act of the Recipient; (ii) is demonstrably known to the Recipient prior to execution of this Agreement; (iii) is independently developed by the Recipient through no wrongful act of the Recipient in the ordinary course of business outside of this Agreement; (iv) is generally employed by the trade at the time that the Recipient learns of such information or knowledge; or (v) has been rightfully and lawfully obtained by the Recipient from any third party.

(c)

In the event that the Recipient is requested or required (by deposition, interrogatories, requests for information or documents in legal proceedings, subpoenas, civil investigative demand or similar process), in connection with any proceeding, to disclose any of the Disclosers Confidential Information, the Recipient will give the Discloser prompt written notice of such request or requirement to allow the Discloser an opportunity to obtain a protective order or otherwise obtain assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Confidential Information.  In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, disclosure shall be made of only that portion of the Confidential Information that is legally required to be disclosed.  All Confidential Information disclosed as required by law shall nonetheless continue to be deemed Confidential Information.

14.

Amendment


This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement in a manner that is in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as modified or interpreted by any applicable order, exemptive relief or interpretative release issued by the SEC.

15.

Notices


All notices hereunder shall be provided in writing, by facsimile or by email. Notices shall be deemed given if delivered in person or by messenger, certified mail with return receipt, or by a reputable overnight delivery service that provides evidence of receipt to the parties; upon receipt if sent by fax; or upon read receipt or reply if delivered by email, at the following addresses:


 


If to the Trust:

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210

Attn.: Chief Legal Officer


If to the Sub-Adviser:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attn: James Morris


With a copy to:

BlackRock Investment Management, LLC

1 University Square Drive

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attn: Bill Monahan


If to the Sub-Subadviser:

BlackRock (Singapore) Limited

20 Anson Rd

Twenty Anson

079912

Singapore



16.

Miscellaneous


(a)

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.  

(b)

Titles or captions of sections in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provisions thereof.

(c)

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, all of which together shall for all purposes constitute one Agreement, binding on all the parties.

(d)

This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions of that or any other jurisdiction. To the extent that the applicable laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. The parties irrevocably consent to submit to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(e)

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected hereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable.

(f)

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Sub-Subadviser shall be an independent contractor. Nothing herein shall be construed as constituting the Sub-Subadviser as an agent of the Adviser, the Trust or the Fund, except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]




 



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first set forth above.


BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC


By:

/s/ Scott Reeder

Name: Scott Reeder

Title: Managing Director



BLACKROCK (SINGAPORE) LIMITED



By:

/s/ Patrick Leung

Name: Patrick Leung  

Title: Managing Director




FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II



By:

/s/ Stacie Smith

Name:  Stacie Smith

Title:  Treasurer







Converted by EDGARwiz


GENERAL DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

between

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II

and

FIDELITY DISTRIBUTORS COMPANY LLC

AGREEMENT made this 2nd day of June, 2022, between Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust having its principal place of business in Boston, Massachusetts and which may issue one or more series of beneficial interest (“Issuer”), with respect to shares of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund, a series of the Issuer, and Fidelity Distributors Company LLC, a Delaware limited liability company having its principal place of business in Smithfield, Rhode Island (“Distributors”).

In consideration of the mutual promises and undertakings herein contained, the parties agree as follows:

1.

Sale of Shares - The Issuer grants to Distributors the right to sell shares on behalf of the Issuer during the term of this Agreement and subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), and of the laws governing the sale of securities in the various states (“Blue Sky Laws”) under the following terms and conditions: Distributors (i) shall have the right to sell, as agent on behalf of the Issuer, shares authorized for issue and registered under the 1933 Act, and (ii) may sell shares under offers of exchange, if available, between and among the funds advised by Strategic Advisers LLC (“Strategic”) or any of its affiliates.

2.

Sale of Shares by the Issuer - The rights granted to Distributors shall be non-exclusive in that the Issuer reserves the right to sell its shares to investors on applications received and accepted by the Issuer. Further, the Issuer reserves the right to issue shares in connection with the merger or consolidation, or acquisition by the Issuer through purchase or otherwise, with any other investment company, trust, or personal holding company.

3.

Shares Covered by this Agreement - This Agreement shall apply to unissued shares of the Issuer, shares of the Issuer held in its treasury in the event that in the discretion of the Issuer treasury shares shall be sold, and shares of the Issuer repurchased for resale.

4.

Public Offering Price - Except as otherwise noted in the Issuers current Prospectus and/or Statement of Additional Information, all shares sold to investors by Distributors or the Issuer will be sold at the public offering price. The public offering price for all accepted subscriptions will be the net asset value per share, as determined in the manner described in the Issuers current Prospectus and/or Statement of Additional Information, plus a sales charge (if any) described in the Issuers current Prospectus and/or Statement of Additional Information. The Issuer shall in all cases receive the net asset value per share on all sales. If a sales charge is in effect, Distributors shall have the right subject to such rules or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission as may then be in effect pursuant to Section 22 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 to pay a portion of the sales charge to dealers who have sold shares of the Issuer. If a fee in connection with shareholder redemptions is in effect, the Issuer shall collect the fee and, unless otherwise agreed upon by the Issuer and Distributors, the Issuer shall be entitled to receive all of such fees.

5.

Suspension of Sales - If and whenever the determination of net asset value is suspended and until such suspension is terminated, no further orders for shares shall be processed by Distributors except such unconditional orders as may have been placed with Distributors before it had knowledge of the suspension. In addition, the Issuer reserves the right to suspend sales and Distributors authority to process orders for shares on behalf of the Issuer if, in the judgment of the Issuer, it is in the best interests of the Issuer to do so. Suspension will continue for such period as may be determined by the Issuer.

6.

Solicitation of Sales - In consideration of these rights granted to Distributors, Distributors agrees to use all reasonable efforts, consistent with its other business, to secure purchasers for shares of the Issuer. This shall not prevent Distributors from entering into like arrangements (including arrangements involving the payment of underwriting commissions) with other Issuers. This does not obligate Distributors to register as a broker or dealer under the Blue Sky Laws of any jurisdiction in which it is not now registered or to maintain its registration in any jurisdiction in which it is now registered. If a sales charge is in effect, Distributors shall have the right to enter into sales agreements with dealers of its choice for the sale of shares of the Issuer to the public at the public offering price only and fix in such agreements the portion of the sales charge which may be retained by dealers, provided that the Issuer shall approve the form of the dealer agreement and the dealer discounts set forth therein and shall evidence such approval by filing said form of dealer agreement and amendments thereto as an exhibit to its currently effective Registration Statement under the 1933 Act. The Distributor will not direct remuneration from commissions paid by the Issuer for portfolio securities transactions to a broker or dealer for promoting or selling fund shares.

7.

Authorized Representations - Distributors is not authorized by the Issuer to give any information or to make any representations other than those contained in the appropriate registration statements or Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1933 Act (as these registration statements, Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information may be amended from time to time), or contained in shareholder reports or other material that may be prepared by or on behalf of the Issuer for Distributors use. This shall not be construed to prevent Distributors from preparing and distributing sales literature or other material as it may deem appropriate.

8.

Portfolio Securities - Portfolio securities of the Issuer may be bought or sold by or through Distributors, and Distributors may participate directly or indirectly in brokerage commissions or “spreads” for transactions in portfolio securities of the Issuer.

9.

Registration of Shares - The Issuer agrees that it will take all action necessary to register shares under the 1933 Act (subject to the necessary approval of its shareholders) so that there will be available for sale the number of shares Distributors may reasonably be expected to sell. The Issuer shall make available to Distributors such number of copies of its currently effective Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information as Distributors may reasonably request. The Issuer shall furnish to Distributors copies of all information, financial statements and other papers which Distributors may reasonably request for use in connection with the distribution of shares of the Issuer.

10.

Expenses - The Issuer shall pay all fees and expenses (a) in connection with the preparation, setting in type and filing of any registration statement, Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information under the 1933 Act and amendments for the issue of its shares, (b) in connection with the registration and qualification of shares for sale in the various states in which the Board of Trustees of the Issuer shall determine it advisable to qualify such shares for sale (including registering the Issuer as a broker or dealer or any officer of the Issuer as agent or salesman in any state), (c) of preparing, setting in type, printing and mailing any report or other communication to shareholders of the Issuer in their capacity as such, and (d) of preparing, setting in type, printing and mailing Prospectuses, Statements of Additional Information and any supplements thereto sent to existing shareholders.

As provided in the Distribution and Service Plan adopted by the Issuer, it is recognized by the Issuer that Strategic or its affiliates may make payment to Distributors with respect to any expenses incurred in the distribution of shares of the Issuer, such payments payable from the past profits or other resources of Strategic or its affiliates including management fees paid to it by the Issuer.

11.

Indemnification - The Issuer agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Distributors and each of its directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls Distributors within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act against any loss, liability, claim, damages or expense (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending any alleged loss, liability, claim, damages, or expense and reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) arising by reason of any person acquiring any shares, based upon the ground that the registration statement, Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information, shareholder reports or other information filed or made public by the Issuer (as from time to time amended) included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated or necessary in order to make the statements not misleading under the 1933 Act, or any other statute or the common law. However, the Issuer does not agree to indemnify Distributors or hold it harmless to the extent that the statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Issuer by or on behalf of Distributors. In no case (i) is the indemnity of the Issuer in favor of Distributors or any person indemnified to be deemed to protect Distributors or any person against any liability to the Issuer or its security holders to which Distributors or such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or (ii) is the Issuer to be liable under its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph with respect to any claim made against Distributors or any person indemnified unless Distributors or person, as the case may be, shall have notified the Issuer in writing of the claim within a reasonable time after the summons or other first written notification giving information of the nature of the claim shall have been served upon Distributors or any such person (or after Distributors or such person shall have received notice of service on any designated agent). However, failure to notify the Issuer of any claim shall not relieve the Issuer from any liability which it may have to Distributors or any person against whom such action is brought otherwise than on account of its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph. The Issuer shall be entitled to participate at its own expense in the defense, or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any claims, but if the Issuer elects to assume the defense, the defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and satisfactory to Distributors or person or persons, defendant or defendants in the suit. In the event the Issuer elects to assume the defense of any suit and retain counsel, Distributors, officers or directors or controlling person or persons, defendant or defendants in the suit, shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel retained by them. If the Issuer does not elect to assume the defense of any suit, it will reimburse Distributors, officers or directors or controlling person or persons, defendant or defendants in the suit, for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by them. The Issuer agrees to notify Distributors promptly of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against it or any of its officers or trustees in connection with the issuance or sale of any of the shares.

Distributors also covenants and agrees that it will indemnify and hold harmless the Issuer and each of its Board members and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Issuer within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, against any loss, liability, damages, claim or expense (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending any alleged loss, liability, damages, claim or expense and reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) arising by reason of any person acquiring any shares, based upon the 1933 Act or any other statute or common law, alleging any wrongful act of Distributors or any of its employees or alleging that the registration statement, Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information, shareholder reports or other information filed or made public by the Issuer (as from time to time amended) included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated or necessary in order to make the statements not misleading, insofar as the statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with information furnished to the Issuer by or on behalf of Distributors. In no case (i) is the indemnity of Distributors in favor of the Issuer or any person indemnified to be deemed to protect the Issuer or any person against any liability to which the Issuer or such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or (ii) is Distributors to be liable under its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph with respect to any claim made against the Issuer or any person indemnified unless the Issuer or person, as the case may be, shall have notified Distributors in writing of the claim within a reasonable time after the summons or other first written notification giving information of the nature of the claim shall have been served upon the Issuer or any such person (or after the Issuer or such person shall have received notice of service on any designated agent). However, failure to notify Distributors of any claim shall not relieve Distributors from any liability which it may have to the Issuer or any person against whom the action is brought otherwise than on account of its indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph. In the case of any notice to Distributors, it shall be entitled to participate, at its own expense, in the defense or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce the claim, but if Distributors elects to assume the defense, the defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and satisfactory to the Issuer, to its officers and Board and to any controlling person or persons, defendant or defendants in the suit. In the event that Distributors elects to assume the defense of any suit and retain counsel, the Issuer or controlling persons, defendant or defendants in the suit, shall bear the fees and expense of any additional counsel retained by them. If Distributors does not elect to assume the defense of any suit, it will reimburse the Issuer, officers and Board or controlling person or persons, defendant or defendants in the suit, for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by them. Distributors agrees to notify the Issuer promptly of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against it in connection with the issue and sale of any of the shares.

12.

Effective Date - This agreement shall be effective upon its execution, and unless terminated as provided, shall continue in force until June 30, 2023 and thereafter from year to year, provided continuance is approved annually by the vote of a majority of the Board members of the Issuer, and by the vote of those Board members of the Issuer who are not “interested persons” of the Issuer and, if a plan under Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 is in effect, by the vote of those Board members of the Issuer who are not “interested persons” of the Issuer and who are not parties to the Distribution and Service Plan or this Agreement and have no financial interest in the operation of the Distribution and Service Plan or in any agreements related to the Distribution and Service Plan, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the approval (to the extent required by the 1940 Act). This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. As used in this paragraph, the terms “assignment” and “interested persons” shall have the respective meanings specified in the Investment Company Act of 1940 as now in effect or as hereafter amended. In addition to termination by failure to approve continuance or by assignment, this Agreement may at any time be terminated by either party upon not less than sixty days prior written notice to the other party.

13.

Notice - Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other shall be deemed sufficient if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed by the party giving notice to the other party at the last address furnished by the other party to the party giving notice: if to the Issuer, at 245 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts, and if to Distributors, at 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, Rhode Island.

14.

Limitation of Liability - Distributors is expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust Instrument or other organizational document of the Issuer and agrees that the obligations assumed by the Issuer under this contract shall be limited in all cases to the Issuer and its assets. Distributors shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the shareholders or any shareholder of the Issuer. Nor shall Distributors seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the Trustees or any individual Trustee of the Issuer. Distributors understands that the rights and obligations of each series of shares of the Issuer under the Issuers Trust Instrument or other organizational document are separate and distinct from those of any and all other series.

15.

This agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the choice of laws provisions thereof.





IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has executed this instrument in its name and behalf, and its seal affixed, by one of its officers duly authorized, and Distributors has executed this instrument in its name and behalf by one of its officers duly authorized, as of the day and year first above written.

 

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II

 

 

 

By

/s/Stacie M. Smith
Stacie M. Smith
President and Treasurer

 

 

 

FIDELITY DISTRIBUTORS COMPANY LLC

 

 

 

By

/s/Dalton Gustafson
Dalton Gustafson
President





 


Converted by EDGARwiz


STRATEGIC ADVISERS ALTERNATIVES FUND

MANAGEMENT FEE WAIVER AGREEMENT

This Management Fee Waiver Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2022 (the “Agreement”), is made and entered into by and between Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust which may issue one or more series of shares of beneficial interest (the “Trust”), on behalf of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the “Fund”), and Strategic Advisers LLC (the “Manager”).

WHEREAS, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Manager entered into a Management Contract, dated as of June 2, 2022 (the “Management Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager agreed to provide certain services and to pay certain expenses of the Fund in return for a management fee described in the Management Agreement.

NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.  MANAGEMENT FEE WAIVER. Until this Agreement shall be amended or terminated pursuant to Section 2 or Section 5 hereof, the Manager agrees to waive 25 basis points of the management fee.

2.  AMENDMENTS. This Agreement may not be amended to increase the management fee payable by the Fund except by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

3.  INTERPRETATION. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to require the Trust or the Fund to take any action contrary to the Trusts Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, each as in effect from time to time, or any applicable statutory or regulatory requirement, including without limitation any requirements under the 1940 Act, to which it is subject or by which it is bound, or to relieve or deprive the Trusts Board of Trustees of its responsibility for or control of the conduct of the affairs of the Trust or the Fund.

4.  DEFINITIONS. Any question of interpretation of any term or provision of this Agreement having a counterpart in or otherwise derived from the terms and provisions of the Management Agreement or the 1940 Act, shall have the same meaning as and be resolved by reference to the Management Agreement.

5.  TERMINATION. This Agreement shall terminate upon the earlier of (a) the termination of the Management Agreement between the Fund and the Manager or (b) September 30, 2025, except as otherwise agreed between the parties in writing.



- 1 -

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first above written.

FIDELITY RUTLAND SQUARE TRUST II

on behalf of STRATEGIC ADVISERS ALTERNATIVES FUND

By: /s/Stacie M. Smith

Stacie M. Smith
President and Treasurer

STRATEGIC ADVISERS LLC

By: /s/Christopher J. Rimmer

Christopher J. Rimmer

Treasurer




May __, 2006



Dechert LLP

One International Place, 40th Floor
100 Oliver Street
Boston, MA  02110-2605

+1  617  728  7100  Main

+1  617  426  6567  Fax

www.dechert.com

June 23, 2022


Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II

245 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02210


Re: Post-Effective Amendment No. 116 and Amendment No. 119 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A


Ladies and Gentlemen:


We have acted as counsel to Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust (the Trust) and its separate series Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the Fund), in connection with Post-Effective Amendment No. 116 and Amendment No. 119 to the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A (the Amendment), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

In connection with the opinions set forth herein, you have provided to us originals, copies or facsimile transmissions of, and we have reviewed and relied upon, among other things, copies of the following: the Amendment; the Trust Instrument of the Trust dated March 8, 2006; and the By-Laws of the Trust dated June 4, 2009 (the By-Laws).  In addition, we have reviewed and relied upon a Certificate issued by the Delaware Secretary of State.  We have assumed that the By-Laws have been duly adopted by the Trustees.  We have also examined such documents and questions of law as we have concluded are necessary or appropriate for purposes of the opinions expressed below.


In rendering this opinion we have assumed, without independent verification, (i) the due authority of all individuals signing in representative capacities and the genuineness of signatures; (ii) the authenticity, completeness and continued effectiveness of all documents or copies furnished to us; (iii) that any resolutions provided have been duly adopted by the Funds Board of Trustees; (iv) that the facts contained in the instruments and certificates or statements of public officials, officers and representatives of the Fund on which we have relied for the purposes of this opinion are true and correct; and (v) that no amendments, agreements, resolutions or actions have been approved, executed or adopted which would limit, supersede or modify the items described above.  Where documents are referred to in resolutions approved by the Board of Trustees, or in the Amendment, we have assumed such documents are the same as in the most recent form provided to us, whether as an exhibit to the Amendment or otherwise. When any opinion set forth below relates to the existence or standing of the Trust, such opinion is based entirely upon and is limited by the items referred to above, and we understand that the foregoing assumptions, limitations and qualifications are acceptable to you.


 


Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:


1.

The Trust has been duly formed and is validly existing as a statutory trust under the laws of the state of Delaware; and


2.

the Shares registered under the Securities Act, when issued in accordance with the terms described in the Amendment, will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.


We express no opinion as to any other matter other than as expressly set forth above and no other opinion is intended or may be inferred herefrom.  The opinions expressed herein are given as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation and hereby disclaim any obligation to advise you of any change after the date of this opinion pertaining to any matter referred to herein.  We hereby consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Amendment.  In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.


We are members of the Bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and do not hold ourselves out as being conversant with the laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the United States of America and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.  We note that we are not licensed to practice law in the State of Delaware, and to the extent that any opinion herein involves the laws of the State of Delaware, such opinion should be understood to be based solely upon our review of the documents referred to above and the published statutes of the State of Delaware.

Very truly yours,


/s/ Dechert LLP



 



Converted by EDGARwiz



DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN

Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II: Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund

1.

This Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), when effective in accordance with its terms, shall be the written Plan contemplated by Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”) of Strategic Advisers Alternatives Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II (the “Trust”).

2.

The Trust has entered into a General Distribution Agreement on behalf of the Fund with Fidelity Distributors Company LLC (the “Distributor”) under which the Distributor uses all reasonable efforts, consistent with its other business, to secure purchasers for the Funds Shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”). Under the agreement, the Distributor pays the expenses of printing and distributing any prospectuses, reports, and other literature used by the Distributor, advertising, and other promotional activities in connection with the offering of Shares of the Fund. It is recognized that Strategic Advisers LLC (“Strategic Advisers”), an affiliate of Fidelity Management & Research Company LLC (“FMR”), may use its revenues, including management fees paid to Strategic Advisers by the Fund, as well as its past profits or its resources from any other source, to make payment to the Distributor with respect to any expenses incurred in connection with the distribution of Shares of the Fund, including the activities referred to above.

3.

Strategic Advisers directly, or through the Distributor, may, subject to the approval of the Trustees, make payments to securities dealers and other third parties who engage in the sale of Shares or who render shareholder support services, including but not limited to providing office space, equipment and telephone facilities, answering routine inquiries regarding the Fund, processing shareholder transactions and providing such other shareholder services as the Trust may reasonably request.

4.

The Fund will not make separate payments as a result of this Plan to Strategic Advisers, the Distributor or any other party, it being recognized that the Fund presently pays, and will continue to pay, a management fee to Strategic Advisers. To the extent that any payments made by the Fund to Strategic Advisers, including any payment of management fees, should be deemed to be indirect financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares of the Fund within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to be authorized by this Plan.

5.

This Plan shall become effective upon [the first business day of the month following] the approval by a vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in the Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of this Plan or in any agreements related to this Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on this Plan (to the extent required by the 1940 Act).

6.

This Plan shall, unless terminated as hereinafter provided, remain in effect until June 30, 2023, and from year to year thereafter, provided, however, that such continuance is subject to approval annually by a vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on this Plan (to the extent required by the 1940 Act). This Plan may be amended at any time by the Board of Trustees, provided that (a) any amendment to authorize direct payments by the Fund to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares of the Fund, or to increase materially the amount spent by the Fund for distribution, shall be effective only upon approval by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and (b) any material amendments of this Plan shall be effective only upon approval in the manner provided in the first sentence in this paragraph.

7.

This Plan may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

8.

During the existence of this Plan, the Trust shall require Strategic Advisers and/or Distributor to provide the Trust, for review by the Trusts Board of Trustees, and the Trustees shall review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended in connection with financing any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares of the Fund (making estimates of such costs where necessary or desirable) and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.

9.

This Plan does not require Strategic Advisers or Distributor to perform any specific type or level of distribution activities or to incur any specific level of expenses for activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares of the Fund.

10.

Consistent with the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trusts Trust Instrument or other organizational document, any obligations assumed by the Fund pursuant to this Plan and any agreements related to this Plan shall be limited in all cases to the Fund and its assets, and shall not constitute obligations of any other series of Shares of the Trust.

11.

If any provision of this Plan shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of the Plan shall not be affected thereby.





ALLIANCE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT L

 






[Alliance Bernstein logo]

 

 

 


 

CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS



Personal Trading Policies and Procedures (Appendix A)





January 2022












501 Commerce Street, Nashville, TN 37203



A Message from Seth Bernstein,

Chief Executive Officer of AllianceBernstein


Client trust is the foundation of a financial services company. As we have seen, trust takes years to establish and constant vigilance to maintain but can be destroyed in a matter of days. Honesty, integrity, and high ethical standards must therefore be practiced on a daily basis in order to protect this most critical asset.

Enhancing our sensitivity to our ethical obligations – putting the interests of our clients first and foremost -- and ensuring that we meet those obligations is an imperative for all.

AllianceBernstein has long been committed to maintaining and promoting high ethical standards and business practices. We have prepared this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) in order to establish a common vision of our ethical standards and practices. While not an exhaustive guide to the rules and regulations governing our businesses, the Code is intended to establish certain guiding principles for all of us. Separately, the firm has in place a series of ethics, fiduciary and business-related policies and procedures, which set forth detailed requirements to which employees are subject. We also have prepared various Compliance Manuals, which provide in summary form, an overview of the concepts described in more detail both in this Code and in our other policies and procedures.


You should take the time to familiarize yourself with the policies in this Code and use common sense in applying them to your daily work environment and circumstances. Your own personal integrity and good judgment are the best guides to ethical and responsible conduct. If you have questions, you should discuss them with your supervisor, the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer or a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department or Human Capital. If the normal channels for reporting are not appropriate, or if you feel uncomfortable utilizing them, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is an independent, informal and confidential resource for concerns about AllianceBernstein business matters that may raise issues of ethics or questionable practices.


Our continued success depends on each of us maintaining high ethical standards and business practices. I count on each of you to place our clients’ interests first – and to do so always by applying good ethics and sound judgment in your daily responsibilities.



Seth Bernstein



AllianceBernstein L.P


CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS

1.

Introduction

1

2.

The AB Fiduciary Culture

2

3.

Compliance with Laws, Rules and  Regulations

2

4.

Policy Against Discrimination and Sexual and Unlawful Harassment

3

5.

Conflicts of Interest / Unlawful  Actions

3

6.

Insider Trading

5

7.

Personal Trading: Summary of Restrictions

5

8.

Outside Directorships and Other Outside Activities and   Interests

6

(a)

Board Member or Trustee

7

(b)

Other Affiliations

8

(c)

Outside Financial or Business Interests

8

9.

Gifts, Entertainment, and   Inducements

9

10.

Compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws

9

11.

Political Contributions/Activities

10

(a)

By or on behalf of AB

10

(b)

By Employees / Directors

11

12.

“Ethical Wall”  Policy

11

13.

Use of Client Relationships

12

14.

Corporate Opportunities and Resources

12

15.

Antitrust and Fair Dealing

13

16.

Recordkeeping and Retention

13

17.

Improper Influence on Conduct of Audits

13

18.

Accuracy of Disclosure

14

19.

Confidentiality

14

20.

Protection and Proper Use of AB Assets

15

21.

Policy on Intellectual  Property

16

(a)

Overview

16

(b)

Employee Responsibilities

16

(c)

Company Policies and Practices

16

22.

Exceptions from the Code

17

(a)

Written Statement and Supporting Documentation

17

(b)

Compliance Interview

17

23.

Regulatory Inquiries, Investigations and Litigation

17

(a)

Requests for Information

17

(b)

Types of Inquiries

18

(c)

Responding to Information Requests

18

(d)

Use of Outside Counsel

18

(e)

Regulatory Investigation

18

(f)

Litigation

18

24.

Compliance and Reporting of Misconduct / “Whistleblower” Protection

18

25.

Company Ombudsman

19

26.

Sanctions

20

27.

Annual Certifications

20



PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Appendix A


1.

Overview

A-1

(a)

Introduction ..................................................................................................................... A-1

(b)

Definitions ....................................................................................................................... A-1

2.

Requirements   and Restrictions   – All    Employees ...........................................................A-5

(a)

General Standards .......................................................................................................... A-5

(b)

Disclosure of Personal Accounts ..................................................................................... A-6

(c)

Designated Brokerage Accounts ..................................................................................... A-6

(d)

Pre-Clearance Requirement ............................................................................................ A-6

(e)

Limitation on the Number of Trades ................................................................................. A-8

(f)

Short-Term Trading ......................................................................................................... A-9

(g)

Short Sales...................................................................................................................... A-9

(h)     Trading in AB Units and AB Open and Closed-End Mutual Funds ................................. A-10

(i)    Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale....................................................... A-10

(j)     Restricted List................................................................................................................ A-12

(k)   Dissemination of Research Information ......................................................................... A-12

(l)     Initial Public Offerings .................................................................................................... A-14

(m)     Limited Offerings/Private Placements ............................................................................ A-14

3.

Additional   Restrictions   – Portfolio    Managers .............................................................. A-14

(a)

Blackout Periods ........................................................................................................... A-15

(b)

Actions During Blackout Periods.................................................................................... A-15

(c)

Transactions Contrary to Client Positions ...................................................................... A-15

4.

Additional   Restrictions   –   Research Analysts ................................................................. A-15

(a)

Blackout Periods ........................................................................................................... A-16

(b)

Actions During Blackout Periods.................................................................................... A-16

(c)

Actions Contrary to Ratings ........................................................................................... A-16

5.

Additional Restrictions – Buy-Side Equity   Traders ....................................................... A-16

6.

Additional Restrictions – Alternate Investment Strategies Groups ............................... A-17 7.

Reporting   Requirements ................................................................................................... A-17

(a)

Duplicate Confirmations and Account Statements ......................................................... A-17

(b)

Initial Holdings Reports by Employees........................................................................... A-17

(c)

Quarterly Reports by Employees – including Certain Funds and Limited Offerings ........ A-18

(d)

Annual Certification by Employees with Managed Accounts.......................................... A-18

(e)

Annual Holdings Reports by Employees ........................................................................ A-18

(f)

Report and Certification of Adequacy to the Board of Directors of Fund Clients ............. A-19





(g)

Report Representations

A-19

(h)

Maintenance of Reports ................................................................................................ A-19

8.

Reporting Requirements for Directors who are not    Employees.................................. A-20

(a)

Outside Directors / Affiliated Outside Directors .............................................................. A-20





CODE CERTIFICATION FORM



Annual   Certification   Form.................................................................................. Last   Page





1.

Introduction

This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) summarizes the values, principles and business practices that guide our business conduct. The Code establishes a set of basic principles and expectations to guide all AllianceBernstein employees, officers and directors, and consultants where applicable. The Code applies to all of our offices worldwide. It is not, however, intended to provide an exhaustive list of all the detailed internal policies and procedures, regulations and legal requirements that may apply to you as an AllianceBernstein employee, officer, director, consultant, and/or a representative of one of our regulated subsidiaries. AllianceBernstein maintains more detailed policies and procedures addressing many of the topics covered by this Code, including the Compliance Manual, available on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. All AllianceBernstein employees, officers, and directors are responsible for knowing and abiding by the relevant policies.


All individuals subject to the provisions of this Code must conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the requirements and procedures set forth herein. Adherence to the Code is a fundamental condition of service with us, any of our subsidiaries or joint venture entities, or our general partner (the “AB Group”).


AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AB,” “we” or “us”) is a registered investment adviser and acts as investment manager or adviser to registered investment companies, institutional investment clients, employee benefit trusts, high net worth individuals and other types of investment advisory clients. In this capacity, we serve as fiduciaries. The fiduciary relationship mandates adherence to the highest standards of conduct and integrity.


Personnel acting in a fiduciary capacity must carry out their duties for the exclusive benefit of our clients. Consistent with this fiduciary duty, the interests of clients take priority over the personal investment objectives and other personal interests of AB personnel. Accordingly:


·

Employees must work to mitigate or eliminate any conflict, or appearance of conflict, between the self-interest of any individual covered under the Code and his or her responsibility to our clients, or to AB and its unitholders.


·

Employees must never improperly use their position with AB for personal gain to themselves, their family, or any other person.


The Code is intended to comply with Rule 17j-1 under the (U.S.) Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) which applies to us because we serve as an investment adviser to registered investment companies. Rule 17j-1 specifically requires us to adopt a code of ethics that contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent our “access persons” (as defined herein) from engaging in fraudulent conduct, including insider trading. In addition, the Code is intended to comply with the provisions of the (U.S.) Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), including Rule 204A-1, which requires registered investment advisers to adopt and enforce codes of ethics applicable to their supervised persons. Finally, the Code is intended to comply with Section 303A.10 of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) Listed Company Manual, which applies to us because the units of AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AllianceBernstein Holding”) are traded on the NYSE.


Additionally, certain entities within the AB Group, such as Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC and Sanford C. Bernstein Limited, have adopted supplemental codes of ethics to address specific regulatory requirements applicable to them. All employees are obligated to determine if any of these codes are applicable to them and to abide by such codes as appropriate.


2.

The AB Fiduciary   Culture

The primary objective of AB’s business is to provide value, through investment advisory and other financial services, to a wide range of clients, including governments, corporations, financial institutions, high net worth individuals and pension funds.


AB requires that all dealings with, and on behalf of existing and prospective clients be handled with honesty, integrity, and high ethical standards, and that such dealings adhere to the letter and the spirit of applicable laws, regulations and contractual guidelines. As a general matter, AB is a fiduciary that owes its clients a duty of undivided loyalty, and each employee has a responsibilityto act in a manner consistent with this duty.


When dealing with or on behalf of a client, every employee must act solely in the best interests of that client. In addition, various comprehensive statutory and regulatory structures such as the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) impose specific responsibilities governing the behavior of personnel in carrying out their responsibilities. AB and its employees must comply fully with these rules and regulations. Legal and Compliance Department personnel are available to assist employees in meeting these requirements.


All employees are expected to adhere to the high standards associated with our fiduciary duty, including care and loyalty to clients, competency, diligence and thoroughness, and trust and accountability. Further, all employees must actively work to avoid the possibility that the advice or services we provide to clients is, or gives the appearance of being, based on the self-interests of AB or its employees and not the clients’ best interests.


Our fiduciary responsibilities apply to a broad range of investment and related activities, including sales and marketing, portfolio management, securities trading, allocation of investment opportunities, client service, operations support, performance measurement and reporting, new product development as well as your personal investing activities. These obligations include the duty to avoid material conflicts of interest (and, if this is not possible, to provide full and fair disclosure to clients in communications), to keep accurate books and records, and to supervise personnel appropriately. These concepts are further described in the Sections that follow.


3.

Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations

AB has a long-standing commitment to conduct its business in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and in accordance with the highest ethical principles. This commitment helps ensure our reputation for honesty, quality, and integrity. All individuals subject to the Code are required to comply with all such laws and regulations. All U.S. employees, as well as non-U.S. employees who act on behalf of U.S. clients or funds, are required to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws. These laws include, but are not limited to, the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, ERISA, the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the SEC under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to our activities, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Department of the Treasury or the Department of Justice. As mentioned above, as a listed company, we are also subject to specific rules promulgated by the NYSE. Similarly, our non-US affiliates are subject to additional laws and regulatory mandates in their respective jurisdictions, which must be fully complied with.


Our obligation to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, and rules, and to act in an honest and ethical manner, trumps all other considerations, including the interests of our clients. Policies referenced in this Code provide additional details and requirements to ensure compliance. A violation under any of these policies may be deemed a violation of the Code.


4.

Policy Against Discrimination and Sexual and Unlawful Harassment

AB is committed to providing a working environment free from all forms of discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, creed, ancestry, national origin, sex, age, disability, marital status, citizenship status, sexual orientation, gender identity expression, military or veteran status, or any other basis that is by applicable law. Harassment or discrimination by any AB employee, officer, or director will not be tolerated.


AB’s policies on nondiscrimination and sexual or unlawful harassment and how to report instances of such conduct can be found in the Employee Handbook. All employees, officers, and directors are responsible for knowing and abiding by these policies. Anyone who reports in good faith an incident of discrimination or harassment will not be subject to reprisals. Anyone who is found to have engaged in conduct inconsistent with these policies will be subject to appropriate disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment or dismissal from the Board.


5.

Conflicts of Interest / Unlawful  Actions

A “conflict of interest” may exist when a person’s private interests are contrary to, or inconsistent with, the interests of AB’s clients or to the interests of AB or its unitholders.


A conflict situation can arise when an AB employee, officer, or director takes actions or has interests (business, financial or otherwise) that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may arise, for example, when an AB employee, or a member of his or her family,1 receives improper personal benefits (including personal loans, services, or payment for services that the AB employee performs in the course of AB business) as a result of his or her position at AB, or gains personal enrichment or benefits through access to confidential information. Conflicts may also arise when an AB employee, or a member of his or her family, holds a significant financial interest in a company that does an important amount of business with AB or has outside business interests that may result in divided loyalties or compromise independent judgment. Moreover, conflicts may arise when making securities investments for personal accounts or when determining how to allocate trading opportunities.

Conflicts of interest can also arise because of personal relationships with others within or outside AB (such as family relationships, romantic relationships, or close friendships) that may compromise objectivity and independent judgment.


AB has adopted policies, procedures, and controls designed to manage conflicts of interest, including the Compliance Manual, Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, copies of which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. These policies highlight additional potential conflicts of interest.


Conflicts of interest can arise in many common situations, despite one’s best efforts to avoid them. This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest. Literal compliance with each of the specific procedures will not shield you from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates your fiduciary duties to our clients. All AB employees, officers, and directors are encouraged to seek clarification of, and discuss questions about, potential conflicts of interest. If you have questions about a particular situation or become aware of a conflict or potential conflict, you should bring it tothe attention of your supervisor, the General Counsel, the Conflicts Officer, the Chief Compliance Officer or a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department or Human Capital.


In addition to the specific prohibitions contained in the Code, you are, of course, subject to a general requirement not to engage in any act or practice that would defraud our clients. This general prohibition (which also applies specifically in connection with the purchase and sale of a Security held or to be acquired or sold, as this phrase is defined in the Appendix) includes:


·

Making any untrue statement of a material fact or employing any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud a client;

·

Omitting to state (or failing to provide any information necessary to properly clarify any statements made, in light of the circumstances) a material fact, thereby creating a materially misleading impression;

·

Accepting any compensation for the purchase or sale of any property to or for a fund or other client account;


·

Making investment decisions, changes in research ratings and trading decisions other than exclusively for the benefit of, and in the best interest of, our clients;


·

Using information about investment or trading decisions or changes in research ratings (whether considered, proposed or made) to benefit or avoid economic injury to you or anyone other than our clients;


·

Taking, delaying or omitting to take any action with respect to any research recommendation, report or rating or any investment or trading decision for a client in order to avoid economic injury to you or anyone other than our clients;


·

Purchasing or selling a security on the basis of knowledge of a possible trade by or for a client with the intent of personally profiting from personal holdings in the same or related securities (“front-running” or “scalping”);


·

Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of your duties on behalf of a client) any information regarding securities transactions by any client or the consideration by any client of any such securities transactions; or


·

Engaging in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on a client or engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any client.


AB requires all employees and directors to disclose any Conflicts of Interests that any person may become aware of upon joining AB or during their course of employment or board service. These disclosures must be made to the Compliance Department through StarCompliance.


6.

Insider Trading

There are instances where AB employees or directors may have confidential “inside” information about AB or its affiliates, or about a company with which we do business, or about a company in which we mayinvest on behalf of clients that is not known to the investing public. AB employees must maintain the confidentiality of such information. If a reasonable investor would consider this information important in reaching an investment decision, the AB employee or director with this information must not buy or sell securities of any of the companies in question or give this information to another person who trades in such securities. This rule is very important, and AB has adopted the following three specific policies that address it: Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB Units, Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB Closed-End Mutual Funds, and Policy and Procedures Regarding Insider Trading and Control of Material Nonpublic Information (collectively, the “AB Insider Trading Policies”). A copy of the AB Insider Trading Policies may be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. All AB employees and directors are required to be familiar with these policies2 and to abide by them.


7.

Personal Trading: Summary of Restrictions

AB recognizes the importance to its employees and directors of being able to manage and develop their own and their dependents’ financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. However,because of the potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business, our industry and AB have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help ensure that we focus on meeting our duties as a fiduciary for our clients. As a general matter, AB discourages personal investments by employees in individual securities and encourages personal investments in managed collective vehicles, such as mutual funds.


AB senior management believes it is important for employees to align their own personal interests with the interests of our clients. Consequently, employees are encouraged to invest in the mutual fund products and services offered by AB, where available and appropriate.


The policies and procedures for personal trading are set forth in full detail in the AB Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, included in the Code as Appendix A. The following is a summary of the major requirements and restrictions that apply to personal trading by employees, their immediate family members and other financial dependents.

·

Employees must disclose all of their securities accounts to the Legal and Compliance Department;

·

Employees may maintain securities accounts only at specified designated broker-dealers (exceptions may apply outside of the U.S.);

·

Employees must pre-clear all securities trades with the Legal and Compliance Department (via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application) prior to placing trades with their broker-dealer (prior supervisory approval is required for portfolio managers, research analysts, traders, persons with access to AB research, and others designated by the Legal and Compliance Department);

·

Employees may only make twenty trades in individual securities during any rolling thirty calendar-day period;

·

Employee purchases of individual securities, ETFs, ETNs, and closed-end mutual funds (as well as AB managed open-end funds) are subject to a 60-day holding period (6 months for AB Japan Ltd.);

·

Employees may not engage in short-term trading of a mutual fund in violation of that fund’s short-term trading policies;

·

Employees may not participate in initial public offerings of equity securities;

·

Employees must get written approval, and make certain representations, in order to participate in limited or private offerings;

·

Employees must submit initial and annual holding reports, disclosing all securities and holdings in mutual funds managed by AB held in personal accounts;

·

Employees must, on a quarterly basis, submit or confirm reports identifying all transactions in securities (and mutual funds managed by AB) in personal accounts;

·

The Legal and Compliance Department has the authority to deny:

a.

Any personal trade by an employee if the security is being considered for purchase or sale in a client account, there are open orders for the security on a trading desk, or the security appears on any AB restricted list;

b.

Any short sale by an employee for a personal account if the security is being held long in AB - managed portfolios; and


c.

Any personal trade by a portfolio manager or research analyst in a security that is subject to a blackout period as a result of client portfolio trading or recommendations to clients.

·

Separate requirements and restrictions apply to Directors who are not employees of AB, as explained in further detail in the AB Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, Appendix A of this document.

This summary should not be considered a substitute for reading, understanding, and complying with the detailed restrictions and requirements that appear in the AB Personal Trading Policiesand Procedures, included as Appendix A to the Code.


8.

Outside Directorships and Other Outside Activities and   Interests

Although activities outside of AB are not necessarily a conflict of interest, a conflict may exist depending upon your position within AB and AB’s relationship with the particular activity in question. Outside activities may also create a potential conflict of interest if they cause an AB employee to choose between that interest and the interests of AB or any client of AB. AB recognizes that the guidelines in this Section are not applicable to directors of AB who do not also serve in management positions within AB.

 

Important Note for Research Analysts: Notwithstanding the standards and prohibitions that follow in this section, any employee who acts in the capacity of a research analyst is prohibited from serving on any board of directors or trustees or in any other capacity with respect to any company, public or private, whose business is directly or indirectly related to the industry covered by that research analyst.







(a)

Board Member or Trustee


i.

AB employees are prohibited from serving on any board of directors or trustees or in any other management capacity of any unaffiliated public company. However, under certain limited circumstances, Compliance will consider exceptions to this prohibition where the employee has received prior written approval from both AB’s Chief Executive Officer and their supervisor. Once the necessary business approvals have been obtained, the employee must submit an Outside Business Activities Approval Form for review and approval by Compliance.

ii.

No AB employee shall serve on any board of directors or trustees or in any other management capacity of any private company (other than not-for-profit organizations, see below) without prior written approval from the employee’s supervisor and Compliance Department via an Outside Business Activities Approval Form. This approval is also subject to review by, and may require the approval of, AB’s Chief Executive Officer. The decision as to whether to grant such authorization will be based on a determination that such service would not be inconsistent with the interests of any client, as well as an analysis of the time commitment and potential personal liabilities and responsibilities associated with the outside affiliation.3 Any AB employee who serves as a director, trustee or in any other management capacity of any private company must resign that position prior to the company becoming a publicly traded company.


iii.

Not-for-Profit Organizations: Generally, no approval is required to serve as a trustee/board member of not-for-profit organizations such as religious organizations, foundations, educational institutions, co-ops, private clubs etc., provided that (a) the organization has not issued, and does not have future plans to issue, publicly held securities, including debt obligations; and/or (b) the employee does not act in any investment-related advisory capacity (i.e., any direct or indirect role relating to investment advice or choosing investment advisers; serving on investment committee).4 If the employee does act in such a capacity, or the organization has issued or plans to issue, public securities, the Not-For-Profit Activities Disclosure Form must be submitted and approved.

iv.

This approval requirement applies regardless of whether an AB employee plans to serve as a director of an outside business organization (1) in a personal capacity or (2) as a representative of AB or of an entity within the AB Group holding a corporate board seat on the outside organization (e.g., where AB or its clients may have a significant but non- controlling equity interest in the outside company).

v.

New employees with pre-existing relationships are required to resign from the boards of public companies and seek and obtain the required approvals to continue to serve on the boards of private companies.


(b)

Other Affiliations


AB discourages employees from committing to secondary employment, particularly if it poses any conflict in meeting the employee’s ability to satisfactorily meet all job requirements and business needs. Before an AB employee accepts a second job, that employee must:

·

Complete and submit an Outside Business Activities Approval Form;

·

Ensure that AB’s business takes priority over the secondary employment;

·

Ensure that no conflict of interest exists between AB’s business and the secondary employment (see also footnote 3); and

·

Require no special accommodation for late arrivals, early departures, or other special requests associated with the secondary employment.

For employees associated with any of AB’s registered broker-dealer subsidiaries, written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer for the subsidiary is also required.5 New employees with pre-existing relationships are required to ensure that their affiliations conform to these restrictions, and must obtain the requisite approvals. On a periodic basis, such employees will be required to confirm that the circumstances of the approved activities have not changed.


(c)

Outside Financial or Business Interests


AB employees should be cautious with respect to personal investments that may lead to conflicts of interest or raise the appearance of a conflict. Conflicts of interest in this context may arise in cases where an AB employee, a member of his or her family, or a close personal acquaintance, holds a substantial interest in a company that has significant dealings with AB or any of its subsidiaries either on a recurring or “one-off” basis. For example, holding a substantial interest in a family-controlled or other privately-held company that does business with, or competes against, AB or any of its subsidiaries may give rise to a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict. In contrast, holding shares in a widely held public company that does business with AB from time to time may not raise the same types of concerns. Prior to making any such personal investments, AB employees must pre-clear the transaction, in accordance with the Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, attached as Appendix A of this Code, and should consult as appropriate with their supervisor, the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other representative of the Legal and Compliance Department.

AB employees should also be cautious with respect to outside business interests that may create divided loyalties, divert substantial amounts of their time and/or compromise their independent judgment. If a conflict of interest situation arises, you should report it to your supervisor, the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and/or other representative of AB’s Human Capital or Legal and Compliance Department. Business transactions that benefit relatives or close personal friends, such as awarding a service contract to them or a company in which they have a controlling or other significant interest, may also create a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict. AB employees must consult their supervisor and/or the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other representative of AB’s Human Capital or Legal and Compliance Department before entering into any such transaction. New employees that have outside financial or business interests (as described herein) should report them as required and bring them to the attention of their supervisor immediately.


9.

Gifts, Entertainment,  and Inducements

Business gifts and entertainment are designed to build goodwill and sound working relationships among business partners. However, under certain circumstances, gifts, entertainment, favors, benefits, and/or job offers may be or appear to be attempts to “purchase” favorable treatment.

Accepting or offering such inducements could raise doubts about an AB employee’s ability to make independent business judgments in our clients’ or AB’s best interests. For example, a problem would arise if (i) the receipt by an AB employee of a gift, entertainment or other inducement would compromise, or could be reasonably viewed as compromising, that individual’s ability to make objective and fair business decisions on behalf of AB or its clients, or (ii) the offering by an AB employee of a gift, entertainment or other inducement appears to be an attempt to obtain businessthrough improper means or to gain any special advantage in our business relationships through improper means.


These situations can arise in many different circumstances (including with current or prospective suppliers and clients) and AB employees should keep in mind that certain types of inducements may constitute illegal bribes, pay-offs or kickbacks. In particular, the rules of various securities regulators place specific constraints on the activities of persons involved in the sales and marketing of securities. AB has adopted the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment to address these and other matters. AB employees must familiarize themselves with this policy and comply with its requirements, which include reporting the acceptance of most business meals, gifts and entertainment to the Compliance Department. A copy of this policy can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, and will besupplied by the Compliance Department upon request.


Each AB employee must use good judgment to ensure there is no violation of these principles. If you have any question or uncertainty about whether any gifts, entertainment or other types of inducements are appropriate, please contact your supervisor or a representative of AB’s Legal and Compliance Department and/or the Conflicts Officer, as appropriate. If you feel uncomfortable utilizing the normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is a neutral, independent, informal and confidential resource to assist employees with concerns about AB business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see Section 25 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman.


10.

Compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws

AB employees should be aware that AB strictly prohibits the acceptance, offer, payment or authorization, whether directly or via a third party, of any bribe, and any other form of corruption, whether involving a government official or an employee of a public or private commercial entity. Therefore, it is the responsibility of all AB employees to adhere to all applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which they do business, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar international laws regulating payments to public and private sector individuals (collectively, the “Anti-Corruption Laws”).


We expect all AB employees to refuse to make or accept questionable and/or improper payments.





As a component of this commitment, no AB employee may give money, gifts, or anything else of value (which include providing jobs or internships) to any official or any employee of a governmental or commercial entity if doing so could reasonably be construed as an attempt to provide AB with an improper business advantage. In addition, any proposed payment or gift to a government official, including employees of government-owned or controlled enterprises (e.g., sovereign wealth and pension funds, public utilities, and national banks), must be reviewed in advance by a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department, even if such payment is common in the country of payment (see discussion of the Anti-Corruption Laws below and in the firm’s Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy). AB employees should be aware that they do not actually have to make the payment to violate AB’s policy and the law — merely offering, promising or authorizing it will be considered a violation.


In order to ensure that AB fully complies with the requirements of the Anti-Corruption Laws, employees must be familiar with the firm’s Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy. Generally, the Anti-Corruption Laws make it illegal (with civil and criminal penalties) for AB, and its employees and agents, to provide anything of value to public or private sector employees, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of obtaining an improper business advantage (which can include improperly securing government licenses and permits). Accordingly, the use of AB funds or assets (or those of any third party) to make a payment directly or through another person or company for any illegal, improper and/or corrupt purpose is strictly prohibited.


It is often difficult to determine at what point a business courtesy extended to another person crosses the line into becoming excessive, and what ultimately could be considered a bribe. Therefore, no entertainment or gifts may be offered to, or travel or hotel expenses paid for, any public official, including employees of government-owned or controlled enterprises, under any circumstances, without the express prior written approval (e-mail correspondence is acceptable) ofthe General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer, or their designees in the Legal and Compliance Department.


11.

Political Contributions/Activities

(a)

By or on behalf of AB


Election laws in many jurisdictions generally prohibit political contributions by corporations to candidates. Many local laws also prohibit corporate contributions to local political campaigns. In accordance with these laws, AB does not make direct contributions to any candidates for national or local offices where applicable laws make such contributions illegal. In these cases, contributions to political campaigns must not be, nor appear to be, made with or reimbursed by AB assets or resources. AB assets and resources include (but are not limited to) AB facilities, personnel, office supplies, letterhead, telephones, electronic communication systems and fax machines. This means that AB office facilities may not be used to host receptions or other events for political candidates or parties which include any fund raising activities or solicitations. In limited circumstances, AB office facilities may be used to host events for public office holders as a public service, but only where steps have been taken (such as not providing to the office holder a list of attendees) to avoid the facilitation of fund raising solicitations either during or after the event, and where the event has been pre-approved in writing by the General Counsel or Deputy General Counsel.


Please see the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, for a discussion relating to political contributions suggested by clients.





Election laws in many jurisdictions allow corporations to establish and maintain political action or similar committees, which may lawfully make campaign contributions. AB or companies affiliated with AB may establish such committees or other mechanisms through which AB employees may make political contributions, if permitted under the laws of the jurisdictions in which they operate. Any questions about this policy should be directed to the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer.


(b)

By Employees / Directors


AB employees who hold or seek to hold political office must do so on their own time, whether through vacation, after work hours or on weekends. Additionally, the employee must notify the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer prior to running for political office to ensure that there are no conflicts of interest with AB business.


AB employees may make personal political contributions as they see fit in accordance with all applicable laws and the guidelines in the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, the Pay-to-Play: Political Contributions Policy, as well as the pre- clearance requirement as described below.


Certain employees involved with the offering or distribution of municipal fund securities (e.g., a “529 Plan”) or acting as a director for certain subsidiaries must also adhere to the restrictions and reporting requirements of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board.


Several (U.S.) states and localities have enacted “pay-to-play” laws. Some of these laws could prohibit AB from entering into a government contract for a certain number of years if a covered employee makes or solicits a covered contribution. Other jurisdictions require AB to report contributions made by certain employees, without the accompanying ban on business. In certain jurisdictions, the laws also cover the activities of the spouse and dependent children of the covered person. In response to these laws, in addition to SEC Rule 206(4)-5, which also prohibits certain political contributions, AB has in place a pre-clearance requirement, under which all employees must pre-clear with the Compliance Department through StarCompliance, all personal political contributions (including those of their spouses and dependent children) made to, or solicited on behalf of, any (U.S.) federal, state or local candidate or political party.


Similarly, members of the AB Board of Directors are covered by the Policy Regarding Pre- Clearance of Personal Political Contributions by AllianceBernstein Directors, which also requires that they pre-clear with the Compliance Department all personal political contributions (including those of their spouses and dependent children) made to, or solicited on behalf of, any U.S. federal, state or local candidate or political party.


12.

“Ethical Wall”  Policy

AB has established a policy entitled Insider Trading and Control of Material Non-Public Information (“Ethical Wall Policy”), a copy of which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. This policy was established to prevent the flow of material non-public information about a listed company or its securities from AB employees who receive such information in the course of their employment to those AB employees performing investment management activities. If “Ethical Walls” are in place, AB’s investment management activities may continue despite the knowledge of material non-public information by other AB employees involved in different parts of





AB’s business. “Investment management activities” involve making, participating in, or obtaining information regarding purchases or sales of securities of public companies or making, or obtaining information about, recommendations with respect to purchases or sales of such securities. Given AB’s extensive investment management activities, it is very important for AB employees to familiarize themselves with AB’s Ethical Wall Policy and abide by it.


13.

Use of Client Relationships

As discussed previously, AB owes fiduciary duties to each of our clients. These require that our actions with respect to client assets or vendor relationships be based solely on the clients’ best interests and avoid any appearance of being based on our own self-interest. Therefore, we must avoid using client assets or relationships to inappropriately benefit AB.

Briefly, AB regularly acquires services directly for itself, and indirectly on behalf of its clients (e.g., brokerage, investment research, custody, administration, auditing, accounting, printing and legal services). Using the existence of these relationships to obtain discounts or favorable pricing on items purchased directly for AB or for clients other than those paying for the services may create conflicts of interest. Accordingly, business relationships maintained on behalf of our clients may not be used to leverage pricing for AB when acting for its own account unless all pricing discounts and arrangements are shared ratably with those clients whose existing relationships were used to negotiate the arrangement and the arrangement is otherwise appropriate under relevant legal/regulatory guidelines. For example, when negotiating printing services for the production of

AB’s Form 10-K and annual report, we may not ask the proposed vendor to consider the volume of printing business that they may get from AB on behalf of the investment funds we manage when proposing a price. On the other hand, vendor/service provider relationships with AB may be used to leverage pricing on behalf of AB’s clients.


In summary, while efforts made to leverage our buying power are good business, efforts to obtain a benefit for AB as a result of vendor relationships that we structure or maintain on behalf of clients may create conflicts of interest, which should be escalated to your line manager and Compliance so that they can be reviewed and addressed.


14.

Corporate Opportunities and Resources

AB employees owe a duty to AB to advance the firm’s legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises and to use corporate resources exclusively for that purpose. Corporate opportunities and resources must not be taken or used for personal gain or promotion. AB employees are prohibited from:

·

Taking for themselves personally opportunities that are discovered through the use of company property, information or their position;

·

Using company property, information, resources, or their company position for personal gain or promotion;

·

Creating personal websites related to the financial services industry or which promote themselves and their skills based on their responsibilities at AB;

·

Using company property, information or their company position on personal websites or social media platforms (e.g. YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.) or other marketing channels in a way that is inconsistent with AB’s Use of Social Media Policy; and





·

Competing with AB directly or indirectly.

Please also refer to the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, and its Appendix B, the Code of Conduct Regarding the Purchase of Products and Services on Behalf of AB and its Clients, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site.

AB directors also owe AB a duty of loyalty, which requires, among other things, that they may not misappropriate company opportunities or misuse company assets for their personal benefit.


15.

Antitrust and Fair Dealing

AB believes that the welfare of consumers is best served by economic competition. Our policy is to compete vigorously, aggressively, and successfully in today’s increasingly competitive businessclimate and to do so at all times in compliance with all applicable antitrust, competition and fair dealing laws in all the markets in which we operate. We seek to excel while operating honestly and ethically, never through taking unfair advantage of others. Each AB employee should endeavor to deal fairly with AB’s customers, suppliers, competitors, and other AB employees. No one should take unfair advantage through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts or any other unfair dealing practices.


The antitrust laws of many jurisdictions are designed to preserve a competitive economy and promote fair and vigorous competition. We are all required to comply with these laws and regulations. AB employees involved in marketing, sales and purchasing, contracts or in discussions with competitors have a particular responsibility to ensure that they understand our standards and are familiar with applicable competition laws. Because these laws are complex and can vary from one jurisdiction to another, AB employees are urged to seek advice from the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or Corporate Secretary if questions arise. Please also refer to the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, for a discussion relating to some of these issues.


16.

Recordkeeping and Retention

Properly maintaining and retaining company records is of the utmost importance. AB employees are responsible for ensuring that AB’s business records are properly maintained and retained in accordance with applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where it operates. AB Employees should familiarize themselves with these laws and regulations. Please see the Record Retention Policy on the Legal and Compliance intranet site for more information.


17.

Improper Influence on Conduct of Audits

AB employees, and persons acting under their direction, are prohibited from taking any action to coerce, manipulate, mislead, hinder, obstruct or fraudulently influence any external auditor, internal auditor or regulator engaged in the performance of an audit or review of AB’s financial statements and/or procedures. AB employees are required to cooperate fully with any such audit or review.

The following is a non-exhaustive list of actions that might constitute improper influence:

·

Offering or paying bribes or other financial incentives to an auditor, including offering future employment or contracts for audit or non-audit services;

·

Knowingly providing an internal or external auditor or regulator with inaccurate or misleading data or information;

·

Threatening to cancel or canceling existing non-audit or audit engagements if the auditor objects to the company’s accounting;

·

Seeking to have a partner or other team member removed from the audit engagement because such person objects to the company’s accounting;

·

Knowingly altering, tampering or destroying company documents;

·

Knowingly withholding pertinent information; or

·

Knowingly providing incomplete information.

Under the (U.S.) Sarbanes Oxley Law, any false statement -- that is, any lie or attempt to deceive an investigator -- may result in criminal prosecution.


18.

Accuracy of Disclosure

Securities and other laws impose public disclosure requirements on AB and require it to regularly file reports and financial information and make other submissions to various regulators and stock market authorities around the globe. Such reports and submissions must comply with all applicable legal requirements and may not contain misstatements or omit material facts.


AB employees who are directly or indirectly involved in preparing such reports and submissions, or who regularly communicate with the press, investors and analysts concerning AB, must ensure within the scope of the employee’s job activities that such reports, submissions and communications are (i) full, fair, timely, accurate and understandable, and (ii) meet applicable legal requirements. This applies to all public disclosures, oral statements, visual presentations, press conferences and media calls concerning AB, its financial performance and similar matters. In addition, members of AB’s Board, executive officers and AB employees who regularly communicate with analysts or actual or potential investors in AB securities are subject to the AB Regulation FD Compliance Policy. A copy of the policy can be found on the Legal and ComplianceDepartment intranet site.


19.

Confidentiality

Subject to Section 23, AB employees must maintain the confidentiality of sensitive non-public and other confidential information entrusted to them by AB or its clients and vendors and must not disclose such information to any persons except when disclosure is authorized by AB or mandated by regulation or law. However, disclosure may be made to (1) other AB employees who have a bona fide “need to know” in connection with their duties, (2) persons outside AB (such as attorneys, accountants or other advisers) who need to know in connection with a specific mandate or engagement from AB or who otherwise have a valid business or legal reason for receiving it and have executed appropriate confidentiality agreements, or (3) regulators pursuant to an appropriate written request (see Section 22).


Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to AB or our clients and vendors, if disclosed. The identity of certain clients may also be confidential. Intellectual property (such as confidential product information, trade secrets, patents, trademarks, and copyrights), business, marketing and service plans, databases, records,salary information, unpublished financial data and reports as well as information that joint venture partners, suppliers or customers have entrusted to us are also viewed as confidential information. Please note that the obligation to preserve confidential information continues even after employment with AB ends.


To safeguard confidential information, AB employees should observe at least the following procedures:

·

Special confidentiality arrangements may be required for certain parties, including outside business associates and governmental agencies and trade associations, seeking access to confidential information;

·

Papers relating to non-public matters should be appropriately safeguarded;

·

Appropriate controls for the reception and oversight of visitors to sensitive areas should be implemented and maintained;

·

Document control procedures, such as numbering counterparts and recording their distribution, should be used where appropriate;

·

If an AB employee is out of the office in connection with a material non-public transaction, staff members should use caution in disclosing the AB employee’s location;

·

Sensitive business conversations, whether in person or on the telephone, should be avoided in public places and care should be taken when using portable computers and similar devices in public places; and

·

E-mail messages and attachments containing material non-public information should be treated with similar discretion (including encryption, if appropriate), and recipients should bemade aware of the need to exercise similar discretion.


Nothing herein, or in any contractual confidentiality provision to which any employee is subject, prohibits employees from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to any governmental agency or entity, or self-regulatory authority, or from making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of state or federal law or regulation. Employees do not need AB’s prior authorization to make any such reports or disclosures and are not required to notify ABthat they have made such reports or disclosures.


Please see the Privacy Policy on the Legal and Compliance intranet site for more information.



20.

Protection and Proper Use of AB   Assets

AB employees have a responsibility to safeguard and make proper and efficient use of AB’s property. Every AB employee also has an obligation to protect AB’s property from loss, fraud, damage, misuse, theft, embezzlement or destruction. Acts of fraud, theft, loss, misuse, carelessness and waste of assets may have a direct impact on AB’s profitability. Any situations or incidents that could lead to the theft, loss, fraudulent or other misuse or waste of AB property should be reported to your supervisor or a representative of AB’s Human Capital or Legal and Compliance Department as soon as they come to an employee’s attention. Should an employee feel uncomfortable utilizing the normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is a neutral, independent, informal and confidential resource to assist employees with concerns about AB business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see Section 24 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman.


21.

Policy on Intellectual  Property

(a)

Overview

Ideas, inventions, discoveries, and other forms of so-called “intellectual property” are becoming increasingly important to all businesses, including ours. Recently, financial services companies have been applying for and obtaining patents on their financial product offerings and “business methods” for both offensive and defensive purposes. For example, business method patents have been obtained for information processing systems, data gathering and processing systems, billing and collection systems, tax strategies, asset allocation strategies and various other financial systems and strategies. The primary goals of the AB policy on intellectual property are to preserve our ability to use our own proprietary business methods, protect our IP investments and reduce potential risks and liabilities.


(b)

Employee Responsibilities

·

New Products and Methods. Employees must maintain detailed records and all work papers related to the development of new products and methods in a safe and secure location.


·

Trademarks. Clearance must be obtained from the Legal and Compliance Department before any new word, phrase or slogan, which we consider proprietary and in need of trademark protection, is adopted or used in any written materials. To obtain clearance, the proposed word, phrase or slogan and a brief description of the products or services for which it is intended to be used should be communicated to the Legal and Compliance Department sufficiently well in advance of any actual use in order to permit any necessary clearance investigation.


(c)

Company Policies and Practices

·

Ownership. Employees acknowledge that any discoveries, inventions, or improvements (collectively, “Inventions”) made or conceived by them in connection with, and during the course of, their employment belong, and automatically are assigned, to AB. AB can keep any such Inventions as trade secrets or include them in patent applications, and Employees will assist AB in doing so. Employees agree to take any action requested by AB, including the execution of appropriate agreements and forms of assignment, to evidence the ownership by AB of any such Invention.


·

Use of Third Party Materials. In performing one’s work for, or on behalf of AB, Employees will not knowingly disclose or otherwise make available, or incorporate anything that is proprietary to a third party without obtaining appropriate permission.


·

Potential Infringements. Any concern regarding copyright, trademark, or patent infringement should be immediately communicated to the Legal and Compliance Department. Questions of infringement by AB will be investigated and resolved as promptly as possible.


By certifying in accordance with Section 26 of this Code, the individual subject to this Code agrees to comply with AB’s policies and practices related to intellectual property as described in this Section 20.


22.

Exceptions from the Code

In addition to the exceptions contained within the specific provisions of the Code, the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer (or his or her designee) may, in very limited circumstances, grant other exceptions under any Section of this Code on a case-by-case basis. In these situations, the following may be required as deemed necessary considering the circumstances:


(a)

Written Statement and Supporting Documentation

The individual seeking the exception may need to furnish to the Chief Compliance Officer, or designee, asapplicable:

(1)

A written statement detailing the request or efforts made to comply with the requirement from which the individual seeks an exception;

(2)

A written statement containing a representation and warranty that (i) compliance with the requirement would impose a severe undue hardship on the individual and (ii) the exception would not, in any manner or degree, harm or defraud a client, violate the general principles herein or compromise the individual’s or AB’s fiduciary duty to any client; and/or

(3)

Any supporting documentation that the Chief Compliance Officer may require.



(b)

Compliance Interview

The Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) may conduct an interview with the individual or take such other steps deemed appropriate in order to determine whether granting the exception will not, in any manner or degree, harm or defraud a client, violate the general principles herein or compromise the individual’s or AB’s fiduciary duty to any client; and shall maintain all written statements and supporting documentation, as well as documentation of the basis forgranting the exception.


PLEASE NOTE: To the extent required by law or NYSE rule, any waiver or amendment of this Code for AB’s executive officers (including AB’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer) or directors shall be made at the discretion of the Board of AllianceBernstein Corporation and promptly disclosed to the unitholders of AllianceBernstein Holding pursuant to Section 303A.10 of the NYSE Exchange Listed Company Manual.


23.

Regulatory Inquiries, Investigations and Litigation

(a)

Requests for Information

Governmental agencies and regulatory organizations may from time to time conduct surveys or make inquiries that request information about AB, its customers or others that generally would be considered confidential or proprietary.





All regulatory inquiries concerning AB are to be handled by the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. Employees receiving such inquiries should refer such matters immediately to the Legal and Compliance Department.


(b)

Types of Inquiries

Regulatory inquiries may be received by mail, e-mail, telephone or personal visit. In the case of a personal visit, demand may be made for the immediate production or inspection of documents. While any telephone or personal inquiry should be handled in a courteous manner, the caller or visitor should be informed that responses to such requests are the responsibility of AB’s Legal and Compliance Department. Therefore, the visitor should be asked to wait briefly while a call is made to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel for guidance on how to proceed. In the case of a telephone inquiry, the caller should be referred to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel or informed that his/her call will be promptly returned. Letter or e-mail inquiries should be forwarded promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel, who will provide an appropriate response.

(c)

Responding to Information Requests

Subject to Section 23, under no circumstances should any documents or material be released to a regulator without prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel.

Likewise, no employee should have substantive discussions with any regulatory personnel without prior consultation with either of these individuals.


(d)

Use of Outside Counsel

It is the responsibility of the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel to retain and provide information to AB’s outside counsel in those instances deemed appropriate and necessary.


(e)

Regulatory Investigation

Any employee that is notified that they are the subject of a regulatory investigation, whether in connection with his or her activities at AB or at a previous employer, must immediately notify the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel.


(f)

Litigation

Any receipt of service or other notification of a pending or threatened action against the firm should be brought to the immediate attention of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. These individuals also should be informed of any instance in which an employee is sued in a matter involving his/her activities on behalf of AB. Notice also should be given to either of these individuals upon receipt of a subpoena for information from AB relating to any matter in litigation or receipt of a garnishment lien or judgment against the firm or any of its clients or employees. The General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer will determine the appropriate response.


24.

Compliance and Reporting of Misconduct / “Whistleblower” Protection

No Code can address all specific situations. Accordingly, each AB employee is responsible for applying the principles set forth in this Code in a responsible fashion and with the exercise of good judgment and common sense. Whenever uncertainty arises, an AB employee should seek guidance from an appropriate supervisor or a representative of Human Capital or the Legal and Compliance Department before proceeding.


All AB employees should promptly report any practices or actions the employee believes to be inappropriate or inconsistent with any provisions of this Code. In addition, all employees must promptly report any actual violations of the Code to the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer or a designee. Any person reporting a violation in good faith, or asserting any right provided by law or in exercising their duties as set forth in our policies, will be protected against reprisals. If you have information about Code or other AB policy violations or potentially illegal or unethical activity, visit the Legal & Compliance Loop site for further information or visit https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/44414/index.html.


If you feel uncomfortable utilizing the formal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is a neutral, independent, informal and confidential resource to assist employees with concerns about AB business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see Section 24 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman.


Nothing herein, or in any contractual confidentiality provision to which any employee is subject, prohibits employees from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to any governmental agency or entity, or self-regulatory authority, or from making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of state or federal law or regulation. Employees do not need AB’s prior authorization to make any such reports or disclosures and are not required to notify AB that they have made such reports or disclosures.


25.

Company Ombudsman

AB’s Company Ombudsman provides a neutral, confidential, informal and independent communications channel where any AB employee can obtain assistance in surfacing and resolving work-related issues. The primary purpose of the Ombudsman is to help AB:


·

Safeguard its reputation and financial, human and other company assets;

·

Maintain an ethical and fiduciary culture;

·

Demonstrate and achieve its commitment to “doing the right thing;” and

·

Comply with relevant provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, as well as AB’s 2003 SEC Order, New York Stock Exchange Rule 303A.10 and other laws, regulations and policies.


The Ombudsman seeks to provide early warnings and to identify changes that will prevent malfeasance and workplace issues from becoming significant or recurring. The Ombudsman has a reporting relationship to the AB CEO, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation and independent directors of AB’s U.S. mutual fund boards.


Any type of work-related issue may be brought to the Ombudsman, including potential or actual financial malfeasance, security matters, inappropriate business practices, compliance issues, unethical behavior, violations of law, health and safety issues, and employee relations issues. The Ombudsman supplements but does not replace existing formal channels for reporting work- related issues, such as Human Capital,Legal and Compliance, Internal Audit and line management.





26.

Sanctions

Upon learning of a violation of this Code, any member of the AB Group, with the advice of the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer and/or the AB Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, may impose such sanctions as such member deems appropriate, including, among other things, restitution, censure, suspension or termination of service. Persons subject to this Code who fail tocomply with it may also be violating the U.S. federal securities laws or other federal, state or locallaws within their particular jurisdictions.


27.

Annual Certifications

Each person subject to this Code must certify at least annually to the Chief Compliance Officer that he or she has read and understands the Code, recognizes that he or she is subject hereto and has complied with its provisions and disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions and other items required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. The Chief Compliance Officer may require interim certifications for significant changes to the Code.


 

 

Footnotes

 

1 For purposes of this section of the Code, unless otherwise specifically provided, (i) “family” means your spouse/domestic partner, parents, children, siblings, in-laws by marriage (i.e., mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, and/or daughter-in- law) and anyone whoshares your home; and (ii) “relative” means members of your family (as defined), your aunts and uncles, and your first cousins.

 

2 The subject of insider trading will be covered in various Compliance training programs and materials.


3

Such authorization requires an agreement on the part of the employee to not hold him or herself out as acting on behalf of AB (or any affiliate) and to use best efforts to ensure that AB’s name (or that of any AB affiliated company) is not used in connection with the proposed affiliation (other than in a “bio” section), and in particular, activities relating to fundraising or to the advancement of a specific entity mission or agenda.

4

Indeed, AB recognizes that its employees often engage in community service in their local communities and engage in a variety of charitable activities, and it commends such service. However, it is the duty of every AB employee to ensure that all outside activities, even charitable or pro bono activities, do not constitute a conflict of interest or are not otherwise inconsistent with employment by AB. Accordingly, although no approval is required, each employee must use his/her best efforts to ensure that the organization does not use the employee’s affiliation with AllianceBernstein, including his/her corporate title, in any promotional (other than a “bio” section) or fundraising activities, or to advance a specific mission or agenda of the entity. Such positions also must be reported to the firm pursuant to other periodic requests for information (e.g., the AB 10-K questionnaire).

5

In the case of AB subsidiaries that are holding companies for consolidated subgroups, unless otherwise specified by the holding company’s Chief Executive Officer, this approval may be granted by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of each subsidiary or business unit within such a consolidated subgroup.\







APPENDIX A


ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.


PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES



1.

Overview

(a)

Introduction

AB recognizes the importance to its employees of being able to manage and develop their own and their dependents’ financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. However, because of the potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business, our industry and AB have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help ensure that we focus on meeting our duties as a fiduciary for our clients. Employees should be aware that their ability to liquidate positions may be severely restricted under these policies, including during times of market volatility. Therefore, as a general matter, AB discourages personal investments by employees in individual securities and encourages personal investments in managed collective vehicles, such as mutual funds.


AB senior management believes it is important for employees to align their own personal interests with the interests of our clients. Consequently, employees are encouraged to invest in the mutual fund products and services offered by AB, where available and appropriate.


(b)

Definitions

The following definitions apply for purposes of this Appendix A of the Code; however additional definitions are contained in the text itself.1


1.

“AllianceBernstein” or “AB” mean AllianceBernstein L.P., its subsidiaries and its joint venture entities.


2.

“Beneficial Ownership” is interpreted in the same manner as in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), Rule 16a-1 and the other rules and regulations thereunder and includes ownership by any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a Security. For example, an individual has an indirect pecuniary interest in any Security owned by the individual’s spouse. Beneficial Ownership also includes, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, having or sharing “voting power” or “investment power,” as those terms are used in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 thereunder.


3.

“Client” means any person or entity, including an investment company, for which AB serves as investment manager or adviser.


4.

“Chief Compliance Officer” refers to AB’s Chief Compliance Officer.


5.

“Code of Ethics Oversight Committee” refers to the committee of AB’s senior officers that is responsible for monitoring compliance with the Code.


6.

“Conflicts Officer” refers to AB’s Conflicts Officer, who reports to the Chief Compliance Officer.


7.

“Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.


8.

“Director” means any person who serves in the capacity of a director of AllianceBernstein Corporation. “Affiliated Outside Director” means any Director who is not an Employee (as defined below) but who is an employee of an entity affiliated with AB. “Outside Director” means any Director who is neither an Employee (as defined below) nor an employee of an entity affiliated with AB.


9.

“Employee” refers to any person who is an employee or officer of AB, including part-time employees and consultants (acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager, trader or research analyst, or others at the discretion of the Compliance Department) under the Control of AB.


10.

“Initial Public Offering” means an offering of equity Securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as well as similar offerings of Securities issued outside the United States.


11.

“Investment Personnel” refers to:


a.

Any Employee who acts in the capacity of a portfolio manager, research analyst or trader or any other capacity (such as an assistant to one of the foregoing) and in connection with his or her regular duties makes or participates in making, or is in a position to be aware of, recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a Client;

b.

Any Employee who receives or has access to AB equity research or Bernstein Research via Outlook distribution, Factset, Bloomberg, Research Wire or other medium/platform;

c.

Any other Employee designated as such by the Legal and Compliance Department; or

d.

Any natural person who Controls AB and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to a Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client.





12.

“Limited Offering” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6) thereof or pursuant to Rules 504, 505 or 506 under the 1933 Act, as well as similarly exempted offerings of Securities issued outside the United States. Investments in hedge funds are typically sold in a limited offering setting.


13.

“Ombudsman” aka “Ombuds” means the Company Ombudsman of AB, or any of his/her staff members.


14.

“Personal Account” refers to any account (including, without limitation, a custody account, safekeeping account and an account maintained by an entity that may act in a brokerage or a principal capacity) in which any type of Security (as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act of 1940) may be traded or custodied, and in which an Employee has any Beneficial Ownership, and any such account maintained by or for a financial dependent of an Employee. For example, this definition includes Personal Accounts of:


a.

An Employee’s spouse/domestic partner (of same or opposite gender), including a legally separated or divorced spouse who is a financial dependent;

b.

Financial dependents of an Employee, including both those residing with theEmployee and those not residing with the Employee, such as financially dependent children away at college; and

c.

Any person or entity for which the Employee acts as a fiduciary (e.g., acting as a Trustee) or who has given investment discretion to the Employee, other than accounts over which the employee has discretion as a result of his or her responsibilities at AB.


Personal Accounts include any account meeting the above definition even ifthe Employee has given discretion over the account to someone else.


15.

“Purchase or Sale of a Security” includes, among other transactions, the writing or purchase of an option to sell a Security and any short sale of a Security.


16.

“Security” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act and includes any derivative thereof, commodities, options or forward contracts, except that it shall not include:


a.

Securities issued by the government of the United States;

b.

Short-term debt securities that are government securities within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act;

c.

Shares issued by money market funds;

d.

Shares issued by open-end mutual funds, other than Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”), and mutual funds managed by AB; and

e.

Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, high quality short-term debt instruments and such other instruments as may be designated from time to time by the Chief Compliance Officer.





IMPORTANT NOTES:


(i)

Exchange-Traded Funds are covered under this definition of Security, and therefore are subject to the governing rules. (See exceptions in Sections 2(d)(ii) and 2(e)(ii) of this Appendix.)


(ii)

Direct investment in Bitcoin or other crypto currencies are currently not covered under this definition of Security. However, as global regulators move closer to regulating them, the lack of prohibition and our position on pre-clearance and/or reporting, will likely change.


17.

A Security is “Being Considered for Purchase or Sale” when:


a.

An AB Growth research analyst issues research information regarding initial coverage of, or changing a rating with respect to, a Security;

b.

A portfolio manager has indicated his or her intention to purchase or sell a Security; or

c.

An open order2 in the Security exists on any buy-side trading desk.


This is not an exhaustive list. At the discretion of the Legal and Compliance Department, a Security may be deemed “Being Considered for Purchase or Sale” even if none of the above events have occurred, particularly if a portfolio manager is contemplating the purchase or sale of that Security, as evidenced by e-mails or the manager’s preparation of, or request for, research.


18.

“Security held or to be acquired or sold” means:


a.

Any Security which, within the most recent 15 days (i) is or has been held by a Client in an AB-managed account or (ii) is being or has been considered by AB for purchase or sale for the Client; and/or

b.

Any option to purchase or sell, and any Security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Security.


19.

“StarCompliance Code of Ethics application” means the web-based application used to electronically pre-clear personal securities transactions and file many of the reports required herein. The application can be accessed via the AB network at: https://alliance-ng.starcompliance.com/.


20.

“Subsidiary” refers to entities with respect to which AB, directly or indirectly, through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise has the power to direct or cause the direction of management or policies of such entity.





 



2.

Requirements and Restrictions  – All Employees

The following are the details of the standards which must be observed:


(a)

General Standards

Employees have an obligation to conduct their personal investing activities and related Securities transactions lawfully and in a manner that avoids actual or potential conflicts between their own interests and the interests of AB and its clients. Employees must carefully consider the nature of their AB responsibilities - and the type of information that he or she might be deemed to possess in light of any particular securities transaction - before engaging in any investment-related activity or transaction.


i.

Material Nonpublic Information: Employees in possession of material nonpublic information about or affecting Securities, or their issuer, are prohibited from buying or selling such Securities, or advising any other person to buy or sell such Securities. Similarly, they may not disclose such information to anyone without the permission of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Please see the AB Insider Trading Policies, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site.


ii.

Short-Term Trading: Employees are encouraged to adopt long-term investment strategies (see Section 2(f) for applicable holding period for individual securities). Similarly, purchases of shares of most mutual funds should be made for investment purposes. Employees are therefore prohibited from engaging in transactions in a mutual fund that are in violation of the fund’s prospectus, including any applicable short-term trading or market-timing prohibitions.


With respect to the AB funds, Employees are prohibited from short-term trading, and may not effect a purchase and redemption, regardless of size, in and out of the same mutual fund within any sixty (60) day period.3


iii.

Personal Responsibility: It is the responsibility of each Employee to ensure that all Securities transactions in Personal Accounts are made in strict compliance with the restrictions and procedures in the Code and this Appendix A, and otherwise comply with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements.


iv.

Affiliated Directors and Outside Directors: The personal trading restrictions of Appendix A of the Code do not apply to any Affiliated Director or Outside Director, provided that at the time of the transaction, he or she has no actual knowledge that the Security involved is “Being Considered for Purchase or Sale.” Affiliated Directors and Outside Directors, however, are subject to reporting requirements as described in Section 8 below.


 





(b)

Disclosure of Personal Accounts

All Employees must disclose their Personal Accounts to the Compliance Department (and take all necessary actions to close any accounts held with non-designated brokers, see next section). It is each Employee’s responsibility to ensure that the Compliance Department is appropriately notified of all accounts and to direct the broker to provide the Compliance Department with electronic and/or paper brokerage transaction confirmations and account statements (and verify that it has been done). Do not assume that the broker-dealer will automatically arrange for this information to be set up and forwarded correctly.


(c)

Designated Brokerage Accounts

Personal Accounts of an Employee that are maintained as brokerage accounts must be held only at the following approved designated broker-dealers Approved Designated Broker-Dealer List (each a “Designated Broker”).4 5


Under limited circumstances, the Compliance Department may grant exceptions to this policy and approve the use of other broker-dealers or custodians (such as in the case of proprietary products that can only be held at specific firms). In addition, the Chief Compliance Officer may in the future modify this list.


All Securities in which an Employee has any Beneficial Ownership must be held in Personal Accounts and maintained in accordance with the Designated Broker requirements described above (except that shares of open-end mutual funds may be held directly with the investment company). Additionally, Employees may affect Securities transactions only in Personal Accounts (or directly through a mutual fund’s transfer agent). In limited circumstances, the Chief Compliance Officer, or his designee, may grant an exception to these requirements (see Section 21 of the Code). This requirement applies to all types of Securities and personal Securities transactions including, for example, Securities issued in a Limited Offering or other direct investments.


(d)

Pre-Clearance Requirement

i.

Subject to the exceptions specified below, an Employee may not purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Security (please note the limited pre-clearance requirement related to AB mutual funds in Section 2(h) below) in which the Employee has (or after such transaction would have) any Beneficial Ownership unless the Employee obtains the prior approval from the Compliance Department and, in the case of Investment Personnel, the head of the business unit (or a designated manager) in which the Employee works.6 Pre-clearance requests must be made on the date of the contemplated transaction, through the use of the appropriate pre-clearance form, which can be accessed via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application at http://starcompliance.acml.com//. These requests will document (a) the details of the proposed transaction and (b) representations as to compliance with the personal trading restrictions of this Code.


Pre-Clearance requests will generally be acted on by the automated pre-clearance system only between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. (New York time). The Legal and Compliance Department (including via its electronic pre-clearance utility) will review the request to determine if the proposed transaction complies with the Code, whether that security is restricted for AB personnel, and if appropriate, contact the appropriate supervisor (or a person designated by the supervisor) to determine whether the proposed transaction raises any potential conflicts of interest or other issues. The Compliance Department will communicate to the requesting Employee its approval or denial of the proposed transaction, either in writing (e-mail) or orally. In North America, any approval given under this paragraph will remain in effect only until the end of the trading day on which the approval was granted. For employees in offices outside North America, such approval will remain in effect for the following business day as well. Good-until-cancel limit orders are not permitted without daily requests for pre-clearance approval. Employees must wait for Compliance Department approval before placing the order with their broker.


The Legal and Compliance Department will maintain an electronic log of all pre- clearance requests and indicate the approval or denial of the request in the log.


PLEASE NOTE: When a Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client (see Section 2(i) below) or is being purchased or sold for a Client following the approval on the same day of a personal trading request form for the same Security, the Legal and Compliance Department is authorized to cancel the personal order if (a) it has not been executed and the order exceeds a market value of $50,000 or (b) the Legal and Compliance Department determines, after consulting with the trading desk and the appropriate business unit head (if available), that the order, based on market conditions, liquidity and other relevant factors, could have an adverse impact on a Client or on a Client’s ability to purchase or sell the Security or other Securities of the issuer involved.


ii.

Exceptions: The pre-clearance requirements do not apply to7:


a.

Non-Volitional Transactions, including:


·

Transactions in a Personal Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity, when the Employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager);


·

The receipt of any Security received as part of an Employee’s compensation (although any subsequent sales must be pre-cleared);


·

Any Securities transaction effected in an Employee’s Personal Account pursuant to an automatic investment plan, which means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) a Personal Account in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, and includes dividend reinvestment plans. Additional purchases and sales that are not automatic, however, are subject to the pre-clearance requirement.


The Legal and Compliance Department may request an Employee to certify as to the non-volitional nature of these transactions.


b.

Exercise of Pro Rata Issued Rights


Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer’s Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. This exemption applies only to the exercise or sale of rights that are issued in connection with a specific upcoming public offering on a specified date, as opposed to rights acquired from the issuer (such as warrants or options), which may be exercised from time-to-time up until an expiration date. This exemption does not apply to the sale of stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of rights.


c.

Certain Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)/AB Managed Open-end Mutual Funds


ETFs and open-end mutual funds managed by AB are covered under the Code’s definition of Security and therefore are subject to all applicable Code rules and prohibitions. However, investments in AB-managed funds, if transacted through the ABI Employee Desk, do not require pre-clearance. (If not transacted via ABI, pre-clearance is required.) In addition, certain broad-based ETFs (including those that follow) are not subject to the pre-clearance provisions (but the 60-day hold requirement still applies to these transactions):

Please note that the number of exempt ETFs has significantly expanded. Please check here for the complete list of exempt ETFs. Again, the 60-day hold still applies to these Securities.


(e)

Limitation on the Number of Trades


i.

No more than an aggregate of twenty (20) transactions in individual Securities may occur in an Employee’s Personal Accounts during any rolling thirty-day period.


ii.

Exceptions:


a.

The limitation on the permissible number of trades over a 30-day period does not apply to the AB-managed funds or the exempt ETFs listed in Section 2(d)(ii)(c) or included on the listing of exempt ETFs on the intranet. Note that the 60-day hold requirement (see next section) still applies to these Securities.


b.

The limitation is also inapplicable to transactions in a Personal Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity), or pursuant to an automatic investment plan, including dividend reinvestment plans.


(f)

Short-Term Trading

i.

Employees must always conduct their personal trading activities lawfully, properly and responsibly, and are encouraged to adopt long-term investment strategies that are consistent with their financial resources and objectives. AB discourages short- term trading strategies, and Employees are cautioned that such strategies may inherently carry a higher risk of regulatory and other scrutiny. In any event, excessiveor inappropriate trading that interferes with job performance, or compromises the duty that AB owes to its Clients will not be tolerated.


Employees are subject to a mandatory buy and hold of all Securities for 60 days.8 By regulation, employees of AB Japan Ltd. are subject to a 6-month hold. Afirst-in-first-out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Securities purchases for determining compliance with this holding rule. As noted in Section 2(a)(ii), the applicable holding period for AB open-end funds is also 60 days.


ii.

Exceptions to the short-term trading rules (i.e., the 60-day hold):

a.

Securities transactions in Personal Accounts of spouses and domestic partners and other non-Employees (e.g., financially dependent children) which are not directed by the Employee are subject to the mandatory buy and hold (or sale and buyback) of 60-calendar days. However, after 30 calendar days, such a transaction will be permitted for these Personal Accounts if necessary to minimize a loss.


b.

Transactions in a Personal Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity).


c.

Transactions in Securities held by the Employee prior to his or her employment with AB.


d.

Shares in the publicly traded units of AB that were acquired in connection with a compensation plan. However, units purchased on the open market must comply with the holding period requirements herein.


Any trade made in violation of this section of the Code shall be unwound, or, if that is not practicable, all profits from the short-term trading may be disgorged as directed by the Chief Compliance Officer.


(g)

Short Sales

The Legal and Compliance Department will prohibit an Employee from engaging in any short sale of a Security in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, any Client has a long position in such Security in an AB-managed portfolio (except that an Employee may engage in short sales against the box and covered call writing provided that these personal Securities transactions do not violate the prohibition against short- term trading).

(h)

Trading in AB Units and AB Open and Closed-End Mutual Funds

During certain times of the year (typically in the weeks leading up to the firm’s quarterly earnings announcement), Employees may be prohibited from conducting transactions in the equity units of AB. Additional restricted periods may be required for certain individuals and events, and the Legal and Compliance Department will announce when such additional restricted periods are in effect. Transactions in AB Units and closed-end mutual funds managed by AB are subject to the same pre-clearance process as other Securities, with certain additional Legal and Compliance Department approval required. See the Statement of Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB Units and the Statement of Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB Closed-End Mutual Funds. Employees are not permitted to transact in short sales of AB Units.


Employees who transact in open-end AB mutual funds outside of the Employee Desk at AllianceBernstein Investments – i.e., in a regular brokerage account, must pre-clear the transaction via StarCompliance.


(i)

Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale

i.

The Legal and Compliance Department will, subject to the exceptions below, prohibit an Employee from purchasing or selling a Security (or a derivative product), or engaging in any short sale of a Security, in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client or is being purchased or sold for a Client. Please see the definition of a Security “Being Considered for Purchase or Sale” (Section 1(b)(17) of this Appendix) for a non- exhaustive list of examples which illustrate this prohibition.

ii.

Exceptions: This prohibition does not apply to:

a.

Non-Volitional Transactions, including:


·

Transactions in a Personal Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity, when the Employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager);


·

The receipt of any Security received as part of an Employee’s compensation (although any subsequent sales must be pre-cleared);


·

Any Securities transaction effected in an Employee’s Personal Account pursuant to an automatic investment plan, which means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) a Personal Account in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, and includes dividend reinvestment plans. Additional purchases and sales that are not automatic, however, are subject to this prohibition.





The Legal and Compliance Department may request an Employee to certify as to the non-volitional nature of these transactions.


b.

Exercise of Pro Rata Issued Rights


Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer’s Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. This exemption applies only to the exercise or sale of rights that are issued in connection with a specific upcoming public offering on a specified date, as opposed to rights acquired from the issuer (such as warrants or options), which may be exercised from time-to-time up until an expiration date. This exemption does not apply to the sale of stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of rights.


c.

De Minimis Transactions -- Fixed Income Securities


Any of the following Securities, if at the time of the transaction, the Employee has no actual knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale by a Client or that the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the Client:


·

Fixed income securities transactions having a principal amount not exceeding

$25,000; or


·

Non-convertible debt securities and non-convertible preferred stocks which are rated by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) in one of the three highest investment grade rating categories.


d.

De Minimis Transactions -- Equity Securities


Any equity Security transaction, or series of related transactions, involving shares of common stock and excluding options, warrants, rights and other derivatives, provided:


·

Any orders are entered after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. and are not designated as “market on open” or “market on close;”


·

The aggregate value of the transactions do not exceed (1) $10,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of less than $1 billion; (2)

$25,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of $1 billion to

$5 billion and (3) $50,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of greater than $5 billion; and


·

The Employee has no actual knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale by a Client or that the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the Client.


PLEASE NOTE: Even if a trade qualifies for a de minimis exception, it must be pre-cleared by the Legal and Compliance Department in advance of being placed.





(j)

Restricted List

A Security may not be purchased or sold in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, the Security appears on the AB Daily Restricted List and is restricted for Employee transactions. The Daily Restricted List is made available each business day to all Employees via the AB intranet page.


(k)

Dissemination of Research Information

i.

An Employee may not buy or sell any Security for a Personal Account that is the subject of “significantly new” or “significantly changed” research during the period commencing with the approval of the research and continuing for twenty-four hours subsequent to the first publication or release of the research. An Employee also may not buy or sell any Security on the basis of research that AB has not yet made public or released. The terms “significantly new” and “significantly changed” include:


a.

The initiation of coverage by an AB or Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC research analyst;


b.

Any change in a research rating or position by an AB or Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC research analyst;


c.

Any other rating, view, opinion, or advice from an AB or Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC research analyst, the issuance (or re-issuance) of which in the opinion of such research analyst, or his or her director of research, would be reasonably likely to have a material effect on the price of the security.


ii.

Exceptions: This prohibition does not apply to:

a.

Non-Volitional Transactions, including:


·

Transactions in a Personal Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity, when the Employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager);


·

Any Security received as part of an Employee’s compensation (although any subsequent sales must be pre-cleared);


·

Any Securities transaction effected in an Employee’s Personal Account pursuant to an automatic investment plan, which means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) a Personal Account in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, and includes dividend reinvestment plans. Additional purchases and sales that are not automatic, however, are subject to this prohibition.


The Legal and Compliance Department may request an Employee to certify as to the non-volitional nature of these transactions.





b.

Exercise of Pro Rata Issued Rights


Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer’s Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. This exemption applies only to the exercise or sale of rights that are issued in connection with a specific upcoming public offering on a specified date, as opposed to rights acquired from the issuer (such as warrants or options), which may be exercised from time-to-time up until an expiration date. This exemption does not apply to the sale of stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of rights.


c.

De Minimis Transactions -- Fixed Income Securities


This exception does not apply to research issued by Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. Any of the following Securities, if at the time of the transaction, the Employee has no actual knowledge that the issuer is the subject of significantly new or significantly changed research:


·

Fixed income securities transactions having a principal amount not exceeding

$25,000; or


·

Non-convertible debt securities and non-convertible preferred stocks which are rated by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) in one of the three highest investment grade rating categories.


d.

De Minimis Transactions -- Equity Securities


This exception does not apply to research issued by Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. Any equity Securities transaction, or series of related transactions, involving shares of common stock and excluding options, warrants, rights and other derivatives, provided:


·

Any orders are entered after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. and are not designated as “market on open” or “market on close;”


·

The aggregate value of the transactions do not exceed (1) $10,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of less than $1 billion; (2)

$25,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of $1 billion to

$5 billion and (3) $50,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of greater than $5 billion; and


·

The Employee has no actual knowledge that the issuer is the subject of significantly new or significantly changed research.


PLEASE NOTE: Even if a trade qualifies for a de minimis exception, it must be pre-cleared by the Legal and Compliance Department in advance of being placed.





(l)

Initial Public Offerings

No Employee, or other person whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section 1(b)(14)) shall acquire for a Personal Account, any equity Security issued in an Initial Public Offering.


(m)

Limited Offerings/Private Placements

No Employee, or other person whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section 1(b)(14)), shall acquire any Security issued in any limited or private offering (please note that hedge funds are sold as limited or private offerings) unless the Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) and the Employee’s Business Unit Head give express prior written approval and document the basis for granting approval after due inquiry.

The Chief Compliance Officer, in determining whether approval should be given, will take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Client and whether the opportunity is being offered to the individual by virtue of his or her position with AB. Employees authorized to acquire Securities issued in a limited or private offering must disclose that investment when they play a part in any Client’s subsequent consideration of an investment in the issuer, and in such a case, the decision of AB to purchase Securities of that issuer for a Client will be subject to an independent review by Investment Personnel with no personal interest in such issuer.9 Additional restrictions or disclosures may be required if there is a business relationship between the Employee or AB and the issuer of the offering. See also - additional restrictions that apply to employees of the Fund of Funds Group (Section 6).


3.

Additional Restrictions – Portfolio   Managers

In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager of a Client account. For purposes of the restrictions in this section, a portfolio manager is defined as an Employee who has decision-making authority regarding specific securities to be traded for Client accounts, as well as such Employee’s supervisor. Please see Section 6 for restrictions relating to the Alternate Investment Strategies Group.


General Prohibition: No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager will be permitted to trade for a Personal Account, a Security that is an eligible portfolio investment inthat manager’s product group (e.g., Large Cap Growth).


This prohibition does not apply to transactions directed by spouses or other persons whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section 1(b)(14)) provided that the employee has no input into the investment decision. Nor does it apply to sales of securities held prior to the application of this restriction or employment with the firm. However, such transactions are subject to the following additional restrictions.


(a)

Blackout Periods

No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager will be permitted to trade a Security for a Personal Account within seven calendar days before and after any Client serviced in that manager’s product group (e.g., Large Cap Growth) trades in the same Security. If a portfolio manager engages in such a personal securities transaction during a blackout period, the Chief Compliance Officer may break the trade or, if the trade cannot be broken, the Chief Compliance Officer may direct that any profit realized on the trade be disgorged.


(b)

Actions During Blackout Periods

No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager shall delay or accelerate a Client trade due to a previous purchase or sale of a Security for a Personal Account. In the event that a portfolio manager determines that it is in the best interest of a Client to buy or sell a Security for the account of the Client within seven days of the purchase or sale of the same Security in a Personal Account, the portfolio manager must contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately, who may direct that the trade in the Personal Account be canceled, grant an exception or take other appropriate action.


(c)

Transactions Contrary to Client Positions

No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager shall trade a Security in a Personal Account contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of a Client, unless the portfolio manager represents and warrants in the personal trading request form that (1) it is appropriate for the Client account to buy, sell or continue to hold that Security and (2) the decision to purchase or sell the Security for the Personal Account arises from the need to raise or invest cash or some other valid reason specified by the portfolio manager and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer and is not otherwise based on the portfolio manager’s view of how the Security is likely to perform.


4.

Additional Restrictions – Research Analysts

In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of a research analyst. To be clear, these additional restrictions apply to both sell-side and buy-side research analysts. Please note that rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) may impose additional limitations on the personal trading of the research analysts of Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC and their family members. Such research analysts should refer to the relevant policy documents that detail those additional restrictions.


General Prohibition: No person acting in the capacity of research analyst will be permitted to trade for his or her Personal Account, any security of an issuer that is in the sector covered by such research analyst (i.e., an equity research analyst cannot trade in the fixed income securities of a covered issuer nor can a fixed income analyst trade in the equity securities of one). This prohibition does not apply to transactions directed by spouses or other persons whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section 1(b)(14)), provided that the employee has no input into the investment decision. Nor does it

apply to sales of securities held prior to the application of this restriction or employment with the firm. However, such transactions are subject to the following additional restrictions.


(a)

Blackout Periods

No person acting as a research analyst shall trade a Security for a Personal Account within seven calendar days before and after making a change in a rating or other published view with respect to that Security. If a research analyst engages in such a personal securities transaction during a blackout period, the Chief Compliance Officer may break the trade or, if the trade cannot be broken, the Chief Compliance Officer may direct that any profit realized on the trade be disgorged.


(b)

Actions During Blackout Periods

No person acting as a research analyst shall delay or accelerate a rating or other published view with respect to any Security because of a previous purchase or sale of a Security in such person’s Personal Account. In the event that a research analyst determines that it is appropriate to make a change in a rating or other published view within seven days of the purchase or sale of the same Security in a Personal Account, the research analyst must contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately, who may direct that the trade in the Personal Account be canceled, grant an exception or take other appropriate action.


(c)

Actions Contrary to Ratings

No person acting as a research analyst shall trade a Security (to the extent such Security is included in the research analyst’s research universe) contrary to an outstanding rating or a pending ratings change or traded by a research portfolio, unless

(1) the research analyst represents and warrants in the personal trading request form that (as applicable) there is no reason to change the outstanding rating and (2) the research analyst’s personal trade arises from the need to raise or invest cash, or some other valid reason specified by the research analyst and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer and is not otherwise based on the research analyst’s view of how the security is likely to perform.


5.

Additional Restrictions – Buy-Side Equity Traders

In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of Trader on any buy-side equity trading desk.


General Prohibition: No person acting in the capacity of buy-side equity trader will be permitted to trade for his or her Personal Account, a Security that is among the eligible portfolio investments traded on that Desk.


This prohibition does not apply to transactions directed by spouses or other persons whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section 1(b)(14)) provided that the employee has no input into the investment decision. Nor does it apply to sales of securities held prior to the application of this restriction or employment with the firm. Such transactionsare, of course, subject to all other Code provisions.


6.

Additional Restrictions – Alternate Investment Strategies Groups

In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all members of the firm’s Alternative Investment Management Group, as well as to the members of the Investment Policy Group and Board of Directors of Bernstein Alternative Investment Strategies, LLC.


General Prohibition: No member of the groups listed above will be permitted to directly invest in a privately offered fund or other investment product that is managed by an adviser other than AB and is within the scope of the current or contemplated funds or other products in which the Alternative Investment Management Group may invest. All such investments by members of these groups shall be made through the AB Alternative Investment Services platform.


7.

Reporting Requirements

(a)

Duplicate Confirmations and Account Statements

All Employees must direct their brokers to supply to the Chief Compliance Officer, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of broker trade confirmations of, and account statements concerning, all Securities transactions in any Personal Account. Even for Designated Brokers, each Employee must verify that the Employee’s account(s) is properly “coded” for AB to receive electronic data feeds.


The Compliance Department will review such documents for Personal Accounts to ensure that AB’s policies and procedures are being complied with, and make additional inquiries as necessary. Access to duplicate confirmations and account statements will be restricted to those persons who are assigned to perform review functions, and all such materials will be kept confidential except as otherwise required by law.


(b)

Initial Holdings Reports by Employees

An Employee must, within 10 days of commencement of employment with AB, provide a signed (electronic in most cases) and dated Initial Holdings Report to the Chief Compliance Officer. New employees will receive an electronic request to perform this task via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application. The report must contain the following information current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date of the report:


i.

All Securities (including private investments as well as any AB-managed mutual funds) held in a Personal Account of the Employee, including the title and type of Security, and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each Security/fund beneficially owned;





ii.

The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Employee maintains a Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee; and

iii.

Details of any outside business affiliations.

Employees must then take all necessary actions to bring their accounts into compliance with the designated broker guidelines detailed in Section 2(c) of this Appendix.



(c)

Quarterly Reports by Employees – including Certain Funds and Limited Offerings

Following each calendar quarter, the Legal and Compliance Department will forward (electronically via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application) to each Employee, an individualized form containing all Securities transactions in the Employee’s Personal Accounts during the quarter based on information reported to AB by the Employee’s brokers. Transactions in Personal Accounts over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity) or pursuant to an automated investment program need not be included for purposes of this reporting requirement.


Within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter, every Employee must review the form and certify its accuracy, making any necessary changes to the information provided on the pre-populated form (generally this will include those shares of mutual funds sub-advised by AB and held directly with the investment company and Securities issued in limited offerings which are not sent directly to the Compliance Department). For each such Security, the report must contain the following information:

(1) the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security involved; (2) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); (3) the price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; (4) the name of the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected; and (5) the date the Employee submits the report.


In addition, any new Personal Account established during the calendar quarter must be reported, including (1) the name of the broker or other financial institution with which the account was established and (2) the date the account was established.


(d)

Annual Certification by Employees with Managed Accounts


On an annual basis, by a date to be specified by the Compliance Department (typically August 15th), each Employee who has reported managed accounts in the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer, a signed and dated (or electronically certified via the StarCompliance application) certification. This certification confirms:


i.

All managed accounts have been disclosed by the Employee in the StarCompliance application; and

ii.

The Employee had no influence or investment discretion as to the transactions or holdings of such accounts.


(a)

Annual Holdings Reports by Employees

On an annual basis, by a date to be specified by the Compliance Department (typically





February 15th), each Employee must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer, a signed and dated (or electronically certified via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application) Annual Holdings Report containing data current as of a date not more than forty five (45) days prior to the date of the submission.10 The report must disclose:


i.

All Securities (including shares of mutual funds managed by AB and limited offerings), held in a Personal Account of the Employee, including the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each Security beneficially owned); and

ii.

The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Employee maintains a Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee.

In the event that AB already maintains a record of the required information via duplicate copies of broker trade confirmations and account statements received from the Employee’s broker-dealer, an Employee may satisfy this requirement by (i) confirming in writing (which may include e-mail) the accuracy of the record on at least an annual basis and (ii) recording the date of the confirmation.



(f)

Report and Certification of Adequacy to the Board of Directors of Fund Clients

On a periodic basis, but not less than annually, the Chief Compliance Officer shall prepare a written report to the management and the board of directors of each registered investment fund (other than a unit investment trust) in which AB acts as investment adviser setting forth the following:


i.

A certification on behalf of AB that AB has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Employees and Directors from violating the Code;

ii.

A summary of existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in procedures made during the past year; and

iii.

A description of any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report to the Board including, but not limited to, information about materialviolations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations.

AB shall also submit any material changes to this Code to each Fund’s Board at the next regular board meeting during the quarter following the change.


(g)

Report Representations

Any Initial or Annual Holdings Report or Quarterly Transaction Report may contain a statement that the report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Security to which the report relates.


(h)

Maintenance of Reports

The Chief Compliance Officer shall maintain the information required by this Section and such other records, if any, and for such time periods required by Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act and Rules 204-2 and 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. All reports furnished pursuant to this Section will be kept confidential, subject to the rights of inspection and review by the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer and his or her designees, the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee (or subcommittee thereof), the Securities and Exchange Commission and by other third parties pursuant to applicable laws and regulations.



8.

Reporting Requirements for Directors who are not Employees

All Affiliated Outside Directors (i.e., not Employees of AB, but employees of an AB affiliate) and Outside Directors (i.e., neither Employees of AB, nor of an AB affiliate) are subject to the specific reporting requirements of this Section 8 as described below. Directors who are Employees of AB, however, are subject to the full range of personal trading requirements, restrictions and reporting obligations outlined in Sections 1 through 7 of this Appendix A of the Code, as applicable. In addition, all Directors are expected to adhere to the fiduciary duties and high ethical standards described in the Code.


(a)

Outside Directors / Affiliated Outside Directors

i.

In general, pursuant to various regulatory rule exceptions and interpretations, no reporting is required of Outside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors. However, if an Outside or Affiliated Outside Director knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Director should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the Outside or Affiliated Outside Director’s transaction in a Security for a Personal Account, a Client bought or sold the Security, or the Client or AB considered buying or selling the Security, the following reporting would be required.


Transaction Report

In the event that a transaction report is required pursuant to the scenario in the preceding paragraph, other than for accounts over which the director had no influence or control, each outside director must within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter, provide to the Chief Compliance Officer, a signed and dated report disclosing all Securities transactions in any Personal Account. For each such Security, the report must contain the following information:

a.

The date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security involved;

b.

The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

c.

The price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; and

d.

The name of the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected.


 

 

1 Due to the importance that AB places on promoting responsible personal trading, we have applied the definition of “access person,” as used in Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act, and related requirements to all AB employees and officers. We have drafted special provisions for directors of AB who are not also employees of AB.

 

2 Defined as any client order on a Growth trading desk which has not been completely executed, as well as any“significant” open Value client orders, or Value “priority” purchases or sales, as those terms are defined by theapplicable Value SBU CIO.

 

3 These restrictions shall not apply to investments in mutual funds through professionally managed asset allocation programs; automatic reinvestment programs; automatic investments through 401(k) and similar retirement accounts; and any other non-volitional investment vehicles. These restrictions also do not apply to transactions inmoney market funds and other short duration funds used as checking accounts or for similar cash management purposes.

4 Exceptions may apply in certain non-U.S. locations. Please consult with your local compliance officer.

5

Non-discretionary accounts at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. may only be used for the following purposes:

(a) Custody of securities and related activities (such as receiving and delivering positions, corporate actions, and subscribing to offerings commonly handled by operations such as State of Israel bonds, etc.); (b) Transacting in US Treasury securities; and (c) Transacting in AB products outside of a private client relationship (such as hedgefunds and AB/SCB mutual funds). All equity and fixed income transactions (other than US Treasuries) are prohibited.

6

For purposes of the pre-clearance requirement, all employees in the Value SBU are considered Investment Personnel and are therefore required to have all of their trades pre-approved by the head of their respective departments (or a designee).


7 Additional Securities may be exempted from the pre-clearance requirement if, in the opinion of the ChiefCompliance Officer, no conflict of interest could arise from personal trades in such Security.

 

8 Relating to the buyback of a previously sold Security, an employee must wait 60 days if the new purchase price islower than the previous sale, and 30 days if the new purchase price exceeds the previous sale price.

 

9

Any Employee who acquires (or any new Employee with a pre-existing position in) an interest in any private investment fund (including a “hedge fund”) or any other Security that cannot be purchased and held in an accountat a Designated Broker shall be exempt from the Designated Broker requirement as described in this Appendix A of the Code. The Legal and Compliance Department may require an explanation as to why such Security cannot be purchased and held in such manner. Transactions in these Securities nevertheless remain subject to all other requirements of this Code, including applicable private placement procedures, pre-clearance requirements and blackout-period trading restrictions.

 

10

Employees who join the Firm after the annual process has commenced will submit their initial holdings report (see Section 7(b)) and complete their first Annual Holdings Report during the next annual cycle and thereafter.



ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.


CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS CERTIFICATION


I hereby acknowledge receipt of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) of AllianceBernstein L.P., its subsidiaries and joint ventures, which includes the AB Personal Trading Policies and Procedures attached as Appendix A to the Code. I certify that I have read and understand the Code, recognize that I am subject to its provisions, and that I must report any violations to the Legal and Compliance Department.


I have reviewed my own situation and conduct and confirm that:


1.

I am in compliance with the Code and the AB Insider Trading Policies, including the requirements regarding the manner in which I maintain and report my Securities holdings and transactions (public and private) in my Personal Accounts (as defined in Appendix A of the Code) and conduct my personal securities trading activities. I certify that I am not circumventing the requirements of the Code through the use of derivatives. This includes futures, options, and other types of derivatives.


2.

I have disclosed any potential conflicts of interest and have been pre-approved for any reportable outside business activities.


3.

I am in compliance with the requirements associated with the firm's Outside Business Activities Policy, Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment (including its requirement to pre-clear certain political contributions); and the requirements associated with the firm's Anti-Corruption Policy.


4.

I have read the firm’s Compliance Manual (which can be found on the Loop) and agree to abide by the policies contained therein.

 

For those Employees with Securities Licenses: I have contacted Compliance with any changes to information that would require a Form U4 amendment, including a change of address, name change, addition of any new, or the discontinuance of any previously reported outside business activity, and any occurrence or matter which would change my answer to a disclosure question (e.g., arrests and other criminal or civil matters, regulatory events, tax liens and bankruptcies).




I understand that any violation(s) of the Code is grounds for immediate disciplinary action up to, and including, termination of employment.


Please note that this signoff is performed electronically through the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application.






CCO









ArrowMark Partners, LLC (“ArrowMark”)

& Meridian Funds, Inc

(“Meridian”) Code of Ethics

June 2021



TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

3

DEFINITIONS

4

GENERAL STANDARDS

5

RISKS

6

GUIDING PRINCIPLES & STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

7

INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF MERIDIAN FUND, INC

7

NON-SUPERVISED INDIVIDUALS

7

PERSONAL SECURITY TRANSACTION POLICY

7

SCHWAB COMPLIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (“SCHWABCT”)

8

PRE-CLEARANCE PROCEDURES

8

REPORTABLE AND EXEMPT SECURITIES

8

TRADING RESTRICTIONS

9

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP

9

REPORTING

10

EXCEPTIONS FROM REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

12

TRADING AND REVIEW

12

REPORTING VIOLATIONS AND REMEDIAL ACTIONS

13

INSIDER TRADING POLICY

13

WHOM DOES THE POLICY COVER?

13

WHAT INFORMATION IS MATERIAL?

14

WHAT INFORMATION IS NON-PUBLIC?

14

SELECTIVE DISCLOSURE

15

RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLIENTS/INVESTORS

15

“VALUE-ADDED” INVESTORS

15

PAID RESEARCH PROVIDERS

15

PENALTIES FOR TRADING ON INSIDER INFORMATION

16

PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IF AN EMPLOYEE BELIEVES THAT HE/SHE POSSESSES MATERIAL, NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION  16

SERVING AS OFFICERS, TRUSTEES AND/OR DIRECTORS OF OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS

17

DIVERSION OF FIRM BUSINESS OR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY

17

DEALINGS WITH GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY REGULATORS

18

POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND PUBLIC OFFICE

18

IMPROPER USE OF ARROWMARK PROPERTY

19

PROTECTION OF ARROWMARK’S NAME

19

EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IN LITIGATION OR PROCEEDINGS

19

GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT

19

FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICE ACT POLICY

20

Foreign Official Gifts and Entertainment

20

TRAVEL EXPENSES

21

DISCLOSURE

21

RECORDKEEPING

21

RESPONSIBILITY

22

EMPLOYEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

22



Introduction


The policy of ArrowMark is to avoid any conflict of interest, or the appearance of any conflict of interest, between the interests of its clients and the interests of ArrowMark, its officers, directors and employees. This Code of Ethics (the “Code”) is based on the principle that ArrowMark owes a fiduciary duty to any person or institution it serves as an adviser or sponsor to ensure that the personal securities transactions of the firms and their employees do not interfere with, or take unfair advantage of, their relationship with clients.


Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”) and Section l7(j) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) and Rule l7j-1 thereunder are intended to address the potential conflicts arising from the personal investment activities of advisory and investment company personnel. This Code has been adopted by ArrowMark and Meridian to meet those concerns and legal requirements.


The Code also addresses procedures designed to prevent the misuse of inside information by ArrowMark and persons subject to this Code. The business of ArrowMark depends on investor confidence in the fairness and integrity of the securities markets. Insider trading poses a significant threat to that confidence. Trading securities on the basis of inside information or improperly communicating that information to others may expose ArrowMark or its employees to stringent penalties.


The Code is drafted broadly; it will be applied and interpreted in a similar manner. You may legitimately be uncertain about the application of the Code in a particular circumstance. ArrowMark encourages each of you to raise questions regarding compliance. Often, a single question can forestall disciplinary action or complex legal problems.


The Code applies to all ArrowMark employees, directors and officers unless otherwise noted in particular sections. Each person subject to the Code (other than Independent Trustees) must acknowledge that he or she has received, read and agrees to be bound by the Code. Any questions with respect to this Code of Ethics should be directed to ArrowMark’s CCO, Rick Grove. As discussed in greater detail below, Employees must promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO. All reported Code of Ethics violations will be treated as being made on an anonymous basis.



Definitions

The following defined terms are used throughout this Code of Ethics:


1.

34 Act – Securities Exchange Act of 1934

2.

33 Act – Securities Act of 1933

3.

Access Person – An Access Person is an Employee/Supervised Person who has access to non- public information regarding any Client’s trading or any Reportable Fund’s holdings, who is involved in making securities recommendations to Clients, or who has access to non-public securities recommendations.

4.

Advisers Act – Investment Advisers Act of 1940

5.

Automatic Investment Plan - A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

6.

Beneficial Ownership - As set forth under Rule 16a-1(a)(2), determines whether a person is subject to the provision of Section 16 of the 34 Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, which generally encompasses those situations in which the beneficial owner has the right to enjoy some direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” (i.e., some economic benefit) from the ownership of a security. This may also include securities held by members of an Employee’s immediate family sharing the same household; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted. The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law and includes adoptive relationships. Any report of beneficial ownership required thereunder shall not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities to which the report relates.

7.

CCO – Rick Grove, Chief Compliance Officer

8.

Client - ArrowMark’s separate accounts, unregistered investment funds and registered investment companies.

9.

Schwab Compliance Technologies, Inc. (“SchwabCT”) – On-line compliance management application used to manage employee disclosures, employee personal trading and certain reporting requirements. SchwabCT can be accessed at https://client.schwabct.com.

10.

Employees – Officers, directors and employees of ArrowMark.

11.

Federal Securities Laws – Means the 33 Act, 34 Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, IC Act, Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury.

12.

Front-Running – A practice generally understood to be investment advisory personnel personally trading ahead of a pending trade for client accounts.

13.

Investors – Limited partners and/or shareholders in ArrowMark funds.

14.

IC Act – Investment Company Act of 1940

15.

IPO – An “Initial public offering” is an offering of securities registered under the 33 Act, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the 34 Act.

16.

Independent Trustee. A trustee of an open-end or closed-end fund which is an Investment Company Client who is not an “interested person” of the open-end or closed-end fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

17.

Insider Trading – Although not defined in securities laws, insider trading is generally thought to be described as trading either personally or on behalf of others on the basis of material non-public information or communicating material non-public information to others in violation of the law.



18.

Limited Offering – An offering that is exempt from registration under the 33 Act pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 of Regulation D.

19.

Material Information – Information for which there is a substantial likelihood that an investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities.

20.

Mutual Funds – Meridian Growth Fund, Meridian Contrarian Fund, Meridian Enhanced Equity Fund and Meridian Small Cap Fund.

21.

Non-Public Information – Information that has not been available to the investing public.

22.

Non-Public Personal Information – Personally identifiable financial information, including any information a client provides to obtain a financial product or service; any information about a client resulting from any transaction involving a financial product or service; or any information otherwise obtained about a client in connection with providing a financial product or service to that client; and any list, description, or other grouping of clients (and publicly available information pertaining to them) that is derived using any personally identifiable financial information that is not publicly available information. Examples of Non-public Personal Information include: name, address, phone number (if unlisted), social security and tax identification numbers, financial circumstances and income, and account balances.

23.

Operating Committee – Robin Beery, Tim de Vires, Clay Freeman, Rick Grove, Kirk Reid and Blake Rice.

24.

Private Funds – Unregistered privately offered funds sponsored or managed by ArrowMark.

25.

Reportable Security – Any Security (including ETFs), with five (5) exceptions: 1) Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; 2) Money market instruments — bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; 3) Shares of money market funds;

4) Transactions and holdings in shares of other types of mutual funds, unless the adviser or a control affiliate acts as the investment adviser or principal underwriter for the fund; and 5) transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in unaffiliated mutual funds.

26.

RIC – An investment company registered under the IC Act

27.

Scalping – A practice generally understood to be investment advisory personnel personally benefiting from small gains in short-term personal trades in securities being traded in advisory accounts.

28.

Security – Means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security", or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing.

29.

Supervised Person – Any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), or employee of ArrowMark, or other person who provides investment advice on behalf of ArrowMark and is subject to ArrowMark’s supervision and control.



GENERAL STANDARDS



The Code is predicated on the principle that ArrowMark owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. 1 Accordingly, Employees must avoid activities, interests and relationships that run contrary (or appear to run contrary) to the best interests of clients. At all times, ArrowMark will:


·

Place client interests ahead of ArrowMark’s – As a fiduciary, ArrowMark will serve in its clients’ best interests. In other words, Employees may not benefit at the expense of advisory clients. This concept is particularly relevant when Employees are making personal investments in securities traded by advisory clients.

·

Engage in personal investing that is in full compliance with ArrowMark’s Code of Ethics – Employees must review and abide by ArrowMark’s Personal Securities Transaction and Insider Trading Policies.

·

Avoid taking advantage of your position – Employees must not accept investment opportunities, gifts or other gratuities from individuals seeking to conduct business with ArrowMark, or on behalf of an advisory client, unless in compliance with the Gift Policy below.

·

Maintain full compliance with the Federal Securities Laws – Employees must abide by the standards set forth in Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the IC Act. In addition, ArrowMark's employees who are Officers of a RIC must also abide by the Fund’s Officer Code of Conduct that is established by the investment company.


Risks

In developing this policy and procedures, ArrowMark considered the below material risks associated with administering the Code.


·

Access person engages in various personal trading practices that wrongly make use of non-public information resulting in harm to clients or unjust enrichment to access person. (These practices include trading ahead of clients and passing non-public information on to spouses and other persons over whose accounts the access person has control.)


·

Access persons are able to cherry pick clients' trades and systematically move profitable trades to a personal account and let less profitable trades remain in clients’ accounts.


·

One or more Employees engage in an excessive volume of personal trading (as determined by the CCO) that detracts from their ability to perform services for clients.


·

Employees take advantage of their position by accepting excessive gifts or other gratuities (including access to IPO investments or early stage investments) from individuals seeking to do business with ArrowMark.


·

The personal trading of Employees does not comply with certain provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act (and Rule 17j-1 of the IC Act).


·

Access persons are not aware of what constitutes insider information.


·

Employees serve as trustees and/or directors of outside organizations. (This could present a conflict in a number of ways; for example, if ArrowMark wants to recommend the organization for investment or if the organization is one of its service providers.)


The following guidelines have been established to effectuate and monitor this Code of Ethics.


 



Guiding Principles & Standards of Conduct


All Employees will act with competence, dignity and integrity, in an ethical manner, when dealing with clients, the public, prospects, third-party service providers and fellow Employees. The following set of principles frame the professional and ethical conduct that ArrowMark expects from its Employees:


·

Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect, and in an ethical manner with the public, clients, prospective clients, employers, Employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets;

·

Place the integrity of the investment profession, the interests of clients, and the interests of ArrowMark above one’s own personal interests;

·

Adhere to the fundamental standard that you should not take inappropriate advantage of your position;

·

Avoid and disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest;

·

Conduct all personal securities transactions in a manner consistent with this policy;

·

Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities;

·

Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect favorably on you and the profession;

·

Promote the integrity of, and uphold the rules governing, capital markets;

·

Maintain and improve your professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals; and

·

Comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws.


Independent Directors of Meridian Fund, Inc.

Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, Independent Directors of Meridian are not subject to the trading restriction or any reporting requirements outlined in this Code of Ethics. However, an Independent Director would be subject to the trading restrictions and reporting requirements if the Independent Director knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a trustee, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the director's transaction in a security that such security was or was to be purchased or sold by a Mutual Fund or such purchase or sale was considered by the Mutual Fund.

Non-supervised individuals

On occasion, ArrowMark will share office space with individuals that are not employed by ArrowMark. Such individuals will not have access to the file servers or secure file rooms. In such circumstances, the individual will enter into a non-disclosure agreement with ArrowMark and provide quarterly representations certifying that they have not violated the spirit of the code of ethics among other things.

Temporary employees performing administrative services will not be subject to the trading restrictions and reporting requirements under the Code of Ethics.

Personal Security Transaction Policy



Employees may not purchase or sell any security in which the Employee has a beneficial ownership unless the transaction occurs in an exempted security or the Employee has complied with the Personal Security Transaction Policy set forth below.


Schwab Compliance Technologies, Inc. (“SchwabCT”)


ArrowMark utilizes SchwabCT to manage employee disclosures, employee personal trading and other reporting requirements. SchwabCT is an automated, cloud-based technology solutions for a full range of employee-monitoring tasks—including personal trade monitoring; management of affirmations, disclosures, and compliance activities; a case management tool to help keep compliance projects on track; and gifts, entertainment, and contributions tracking. Proactive trade-blocking capabilities block prohibited trades before they’re placed and alert compliance staff when they’re attempted. Employee-monitoring technology which automates pre-clearance and transaction review, gift and contribution logs, and email alerts for employees.

All related reporting and approval forms are located on the SchwabCT portal. Access the portal by clicking on the below link.


https://client.schwabct.com


Pre-Clearance Procedures


Employees must have clearance for all non-exempt personal securities transactions before completing the transactions. ArrowMark reserves the right to disapprove any proposed transaction that may have the appearance of improper conduct or create a conflict of interest for the Firm.


Employees must receive approval for all non-exempt personal trades from the CCO or his designee by submitting a trading request in SchwabCT under the "Pre-clearance Approval" section. Once pre-clearance is granted to an Employee, such pre-clearance will remain valid for two (2) business days following the date of the approval.2 If the Employee wishes to transact in that security after the lapse of the two (2) day window, he or she must again obtain pre-clearance from the CCO or his designee. Unless otherwise noted, no pre-clearance is required for transactions taking place in the exempted securities noted below.


Employees must request approval for all personal trades in ETFs, Meridian Funds, IPOs and private placements. Open-end funds for which ArrowMark is not the investment adviser or sub-adviser are considered exempt securities.


Reportable and Exempt Securities

Employees are required to provide periodic reports (See Reporting section below) regarding transactions and holdings in any security (i.e. a Reportable Security), except for the following:


·

Direct obligations of the Government of the United States;

·

Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;

·

Shares issued by money market funds;

·

Interests in 529 college savings plans other than those managed by ArrowMark or including the Meridian Mutual Funds;

·

Shares issued by open-end funds other than mutual funds advised or sub-advised by ArrowMark; and

·

Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are Meridian Mutual Funds.


Commodities, futures and options traded on a commodities exchange, including currency futures are not considered securities. However, futures and options on any group or index of securities shall be considered securities.


Virtual currency and cryptocurrency are not considered securities. Any employee who purchases or sells virtual currency or cryptocurrency coins or tokens that are being offered, or previously were offered, as part of an initial coin offering (“ICO”), should consult with the CCO as to whether such coins or tokens would be considered Securities for purposes of this policy. If the CCO determines, based on the structure of the ICO and relevant SEC guidance, that such coins or tokens should be considered Securities, the coins or tokens will be considered Reportable Securities for purposes of this policy. For the avoidance of doubt, virtual currency or cryptocurrency coins or tokens that were created outside the context of an ICO are not deemed Securities under this policy.


Employees may have a beneficial interest in accounts managed by ArrowMark under an investment management agreement. Such accounts must comply with the reporting requirements of the Code but are exempt from the below trading restriction.


Trading Restrictions


No Employee shall engage in a personal securities transaction in a security which the person knows or has reason to believe (i) is currently being purchased or sold (i.e., a pending “buy” or “sell” order), (ii) has been purchased or sold for a client within the last seven (7) calendar days, or (iii) is being considered for imminent purchase or sale by a client, until that client’s transactions have been completed or consideration of such transactions has been abandoned. A security will be treated as “under consideration” for a client, if the portfolio manager or investment team responsible for the management of the account of that client intends to purchase or sell the security in the next seven (7) calendar days. Employee-Related Accounts, accounts managed for principals, employees and their families are not subject to the 7-day restriction provided they trade in-line with other similarly managed accounts.


Beneficial Ownership

Employees are considered to have beneficial ownership of securities if they have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities. Employees have a pecuniary interest in securities if they have the ability to directly or indirectly profit from a securities transaction.


The following are examples of indirect pecuniary interests in securities:


·

Securities held by members of Employees’ immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Adoptive relationships are included;

·

Employees’ interests as a general partner in securities held by a general or limited partnership; and

·

Employees’ interests as a manager/member in the securities held by a limited liability company.


Employees do not have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by entities in which they hold an equity interest unless they are a controlling equity holder or they share investment control over the securities held by the entity.



The following circumstances constitute beneficial ownership by Employees of securities held by a trust:


·

Ownership of securities as a trustee where either the Employee or members of the Employees’ immediate family have a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust;

·

Ownership of a vested beneficial interest in a trust; and

·

An Employee’s status as a settlor/grantor of a trust, unless the consent of all of the beneficiaries is required in order for the Employee to revoke the trust.



Reporting

In order to provide ArrowMark with information to enable it to determine with reasonable assurance any indications of Scalping, Front-Running or the appearance of a conflict of interest with the trading by ArrowMark clients, each Employee shall submit the following reports in the forms attached hereto (or equivalent reports) to the CCO showing all transactions in securities in which the person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership except for exempt transactions listed in the section below entitled “Exceptions from Reporting Requirements”.

 

EMPLOYEES ARE REMINDED THAT THEY MUST ALSO REPORT TRANSACTIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE EMPLOYEE’S IMMEDIATE FAMILY INCLUDING SPOUSE, CHILDREN AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD IN ACCOUNTS OVER WHICH THE EMPLOYEE HAS DIRECT OR INDIRECT INFLUENCE OR CONTROL.



Initial and Annual Holdings Reports


New Employees are required to report all of their personal securities holdings not later than 10 days after the commencement of their employment. All brokerage accounts must be entered into SchwabCT and appropriately authenticated. Duplicate brokerage statements or data feeds into SchwabCT may serve this purpose unless determined otherwise by the CCO. The initial holdings report must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes subject to this Code.


Existing Employees are required to provide a complete list of securities holdings on an annual basis. Duplicate brokerage statements or data feeds into SchwabCT may serve this purpose unless determined otherwise by the CCO.


Each holdings report (both the initial and annual) must contain, at a minimum: (a) the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares, and principal amount of each Reportable Security in which the Employee has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; (b) the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Employee maintains an account in which any securities are held for the Employee's direct or indirect benefit; and (c) the date the Employee submits the report. In the event that Employee submits brokerage or custodial statements or data feeds into SchwabCT to satisfy the initial and/or annual holdings report requirement, Employee must be certain that such statements include the information listed above.



AS NOTED ABOVE, EMPLOYEES MUST REPORT THE NAME OF ANY BROKER, DEALER OR BANK WITH WHICH THE EMPLOYEE MAINTAINS AN ACCOUNT IN WHICH ANY SECURITIES ARE HELD FOR THE EMPLOYEE’S DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFIT. PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS REQUIREMENT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR ANY EXEMPTIONS TO THE DEFINITION OF A SECURITY. THUS, IF EMPLOYEES HAVE A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A NON-REPORTABLE SECURITY IN AN ACCOUNT THAT HAS NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN REPORTED, THE NAME OF THE BROKER, DEALER OR BANK WHERE THESE ACCOUNTS ARE MAINTAINED MUST BE REPORTED.




Duplicate Copies


In order to help ensure trading activity is received, Employees will be required to provide direct links to brokerage accounts within SchwabCT. This may require entering your user name and password for such account. Duplicate brokerage confirmations may also be requested via an ArrowMark request letter to each bank, broker or dealer maintaining an account on behalf of the Employee.


 

NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY SET FORTH HEREIN, EMPLOYEES MAY CHOOSE TO INSTRUCT THEIR BROKER-DEALER TO PROVIDE DIRECTELY TO ARROWMARK (1) DUPLICATE BROKERAGE STATEMENTS AND/OR (2) DUPLICATE TRADING CONFIRMATIONS FOR ALL TRADES (OF ANY AND ALL TYPES WHATSOEVER) BE SUBMITTED AS THEY ARE PROCESSED, IN FULFILLMENT OF THE QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORTING OBLIGATIONS SET FORTH IN THIS POLICY, PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT TRADING IN ANY SECURITIES THAT ARE NOT REFLECTED IN THE STATEMENTS AND/OR CONFIRMATIONS SET FORTH ABOVE MUST BE PROVIDED IN THE FORMAT, TIME AND MANNER SET FORTH BELOW.



Quarterly Transaction Reports


Employees shall be required to provide a direct data link within SchwabCT. Employees may also be required to instruct their broker-dealers to send to ArrowMark duplicate broker trade confirmations and/or account statements. If an Employee’s trades do not occur through a broker-dealer Employees shall be required to instruct their broker-dealers to send to ArrowMark duplicate broker trade confirmations and/or account statements of the Employee. If an Employee’s trades do not occur through a broker-dealer (i.e., purchase of a private investment fund), such transactions shall be reported separately on the quarterly personal securities transaction report found in SchwabCT. The quarterly transaction reports shall contain at least the following information for each transaction in a Reportable Security in which the Employee had, or as a result of the transaction acquired, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership3: (a) the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Reportable Security involved; (b) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); (c) the price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; (d) the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and (e) the date that the report is submitted.


Employees shall also report on a quarterly basis, not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter, the name of any account established by the Employee during the quarter in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Employee, the date the account was established, and the date the report was submitted.



 



Exceptions from Reporting Requirements

An Employee is not required to submit: 1) a transaction or initial and annual holdings report with respect to securities held in accounts over which the Employee had no direct or indirect influence or control (i.e., any transactions occurring in an account that is managed on a fully-discretionary basis by an unaffiliated money manager and over which such employee has no direct or indirect influence or control), and 2) a transaction report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan. The CCO will determine on a case-by-case basis whether an account qualifies for either of these exceptions. In addition, from time to time, the CCO may exempt certain transactions on a fully documented trade-by- trade basis.


Any investment plans or accounts that may be eligible for either of these exceptions should be brought to the attention of the CCO or his designee who will, on a case-by-case basis, determine whether the plan or account qualifies for an exception. In making this determination, the CCO or his designee may ask for supporting documentation, such as a copy of the Automatic Investment Plan, a copy of the discretionary account management agreement and/or a written certification from the unaffiliated investment adviser, and may provide Employees with the exact wording and a clear definition of "no direct or indirect influence or control" that the adviser consistently applies to all Employees.


On a sample basis, the CCO may review reports on holdings and/or transactions made in the trust or discretionary account to identify transactions that would have been prohibited pursuant to ArrowMark's Code, absent reliance on the reporting exception.


Employees who claim they have no direct or indirect influence or control over an account are also required to complete the disclosure form found in SchwabCT.


Reliance on this independent or separately managed account exception is conditioned on ArrowMark’s receipt of the disclosure form on SchwabCT and other satisfactory documentary evidence (e.g., copy of advisory agreement, certification from adviser, etc.) as directed by the CCO.


Employees should consult with the CCO before excluding any accounts, especially those held by immediate family members sharing the same household.



Trading and Review

ArrowMark strictly forbids Front-Running client accounts, which is a practice generally understood to be Employees personally trading ahead of a pending client transactions. The CCO will monitor Employees’ investment patterns to detect these abuses. Another member of Compliance will monitor the CCO’s personal securities transactions for compliance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy.


Employee trading activity will be reviewed against the firms’ trading activity to identify and abuses. In addition, ArrowMark may question, though does not prohibit, trading activity reported by Employees’ within the most recent 15 days in which a security or option, not limited to the same direction of trade, is or has been held for by a RIC.


The reason for the post transaction review process is to ensure that ArrowMark has developed procedures to supervise the activities of its associated persons. The comparison of Employee trades to those of advisory clients will identify potential conflicts of interest or the appearance of a potential conflict.


If it’s discovered that an Employee is personally trading contrary to the policies set forth above, the Employee shall meet with the CCO or Operating Committee to review the facts surrounding the transactions. This meeting shall help determine the appropriate course of action.



Reporting Violations and Remedial Actions

ArrowMark takes the potential for conflicts of interest caused by personal investing very seriously. As such, all Employees are required to promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO. You may also report any concerns anonymously via the Confidential Reporting Form located on the SchwabCT site. ArrowMark’s management is aware of the potential matters that may arise as a result of this requirement, and shall take action against any Employee that seeks retaliation against another for reporting violations of the Code of Ethics.


If any violation of our Personal Security Transaction Policy is determined to have occurred, the CCO may impose sanctions and take such other actions as he deems appropriate, including, without limitation, requiring that the trades in question be reversed, requiring the disgorgement of profits or gifts, disgorgement of profits in excess of the execution price received by the Client, issuing a letter of caution or warning, issuing a suspension of personal trading rights or suspension of employment (with or without compensation), imposing a fine, making a civil referral to the SEC, making a criminal referral, and/or terminating employment for cause or any combination of the foregoing. All sanctions and other actions taken shall be in accordance with applicable employment laws and regulations. Any profits or gifts forfeited shall be paid to the applicable client(s), if any, or given to a charity, as the CCO shall determine is appropriate.


The following consequences may be enforced for violations of ArrowMark’s personal trading policy.

1)

First Violation – The initial violation of ArrowMark’s personal trading policy may result in a re-training with the CCO.

2)

Second Violation – The second violation of ArrowMark’s personal trading policy may result in a formal disciplinary letter to the employee’s file and a two-week suspension of personal trading privileges.

3)

Third Violation – The third violation of ArrowMark’s personal trading policy may result in a disciplinary meeting with the Partners and a four-week suspension of personal trading privileges.


No person shall participate in a determination of whether he or she has committed a violation of this Policy or in the imposition of any sanction against himself or herself.


INSIDER TRADING POLICY


Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed, taking into consideration the nature of such investment adviser's business, to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information by such investment adviser or any person associated with such investment adviser. In accordance with Section 204A, ArrowMark has instituted procedures to prevent the misuse of non-public information.


In the past, securities laws have been interpreted to prohibit the following activities:


·

Trading by an insider while in possession of material non-public information; or

·

Trading by a non-insider while in possession of material non-public information, where the information was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential; or

·

Communicating material non-public information to others in breach of a fiduciary duty.


Whom Does the Policy Cover?


This policy covers all Employees as well as any transactions in any securities participated in by family members, trusts or corporations directly or indirectly controlled by such persons. In addition, the policy applies to transactions engaged in by corporations in which the Employee is an officer, director or 10% or



greater stockholder and a partnership of which the Employee is a partner unless the Employee has no direct or indirect control over the partnership.


What Information is Material?


Individuals may not be held liable for trading on inside information unless the information is material. Advance knowledge of the following types of information is generally regarded as Material:


·

Dividend or earnings announcements

·

Write-downs or write-offs of assets

·

Additions to reserves for bad debts or contingent liabilities

·

Expansion or curtailment of company or major division operations

·

Merger, joint venture announcements

·

New product/service announcements

·

Discovery or research developments

·

Criminal, civil and government investigations and indictments

·

Pending labor disputes

·

Debt service or liquidity problems

·

Bankruptcy or insolvency problems

·

Tender offers, stock repurchase plans, etc.

·

Recapitalization


Information provided by a company could be material because of its expected effect on a particular class of a company’s securities, all of the company’s securities, the securities of another company, or the securities of several companies. The misuse of material non-public information applies to all types of securities, including equity, debt, commercial paper, government securities and options.


Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business. For example, material information about the contents of an upcoming newspaper column may affect the price of a security, and therefore be considered material.


What Information is Non-Public?


In order for issues concerning Insider Trading to arise, information must not only be material, but also Non- Public.


Once material, non-public information has been effectively distributed to the investing public, it is no longer classified as material, non-public information. However, the distribution of non-public information must occur through commonly recognized channels for the classification to change. In addition, the information must not only be publicly disclosed, there must be adequate time for the public to receive and digest the information. Lastly, non-public information does not change to public information solely by selective dissemination.


Employees must be aware that even where there is no expectation of confidentiality, a person may become an insider upon receiving material, non-public information. Whether the “tip” made to the Employee makes him/her a “tippee” depends on whether the corporate insider expects to benefit personally, either directly or indirectly, from the disclosure.


The “benefit” is not limited to a present or future monetary gain; it could be a reputational benefit or an expectation of a quid pro quo from the recipient by a gift of the information. Employees may also become insiders or tippees if they obtain material, non-public information by happenstance, at social gatherings, by overhearing conversations, etc.



Selective Disclosure


Employees must never disclose proposed/pending trades to any client or other individual/entity outside of ArrowMark. Additionally, Employees must be careful when disclosing the composition of Clients’ portfolios without obtaining consent from the CCO. Federal Securities Laws may specifically prohibit the dissemination of such information and doing so may be construed as a violation of ArrowMark’s fiduciary duty to clients. Selectively disclosing the portfolio holdings of a client’s portfolio to certain Investors/outside parties may also be viewed as ArrowMark engaging in a practice of favoritism. Including information regarding clients’ portfolio holdings in marketing materials and our website is subject to the CCO’s approval in accordance with our Marketing policy and procedures. All inquiries that are received by Employees to disclose portfolio holdings must be immediately reported to the CCO. In determining whether or not to approve the dissemination of holdings information, the CCO will consider, among other things, how current the holdings information is and the Fund's disclosure policy.


Relationships with Clients/Investors


Given ArrowMark’s standing in the investment community, it has retained executives of public companies and other well connected individuals as advisory clients/investors. While Employees may occasionally converse with these individuals as part of the normal course of its research/due diligence process, Portfolio Managers and Analysts must be aware that the relationship could incentivize those individuals to divulge additional information (including material non-public information) to ArrowMark. Accordingly, Employees need to be cognizant of this potential conflict and take extra precautions when discussing investment matters with such clients/investors or industry contacts.


“Value-Added” Investors


Certain of ArrowMark’s Investors may be deemed to be “value-added” investors; an investor who may provide some benefit to ArrowMark (such as industry expertise or access to individuals in the investor’s network) beyond just the value of their investment. Examples of such investors generally include executive- level officers or directors of a company, or personnel that are affiliated with other investment advisers and/or private funds. Due to the nature of their position, such investors may possess material non-public information. As such, Employees should refrain from discussing potentially sensitive topics (e.g., specific information about the investor’s employer) with a known value-added investor. If there is any question as to whether information received from an Investor could be material non-public information, you are expected to notify the CCO immediately and act in accordance with the procedures described above. ArrowMark will maintain a list of Investors it perceives to be “value-added”.


Paid Research Providers


ArrowMark may utilize and compensate certain expert networks for research specific to certain industries, issuers and world markets. The ArrowMark compliance team aims to keep the amount of expert networks that the Firm utilizes to a minimum, and ensures that each expert network is properly vetted and reviewed. ArrowMark will not utilize any expert network that does not have robust compliance policies and procedure in place to help ensure that information being shared may not be construes as material non-public information. In addition, ArrowMark compliance provides each expert network with a list of screening questions that must be answered by each industry expert prior to being utilized by any member of the ArrowMark investment team. If any of the screening questions create a conflict for ArrowMark, the expert must be reviewed and signed-ff on by a member of the ArrowMark compliance team. Additionally, ArrowMark Compliance periodically chaperones certain expert network calls. While ArrowMark relies on



the specific screening and policies of each expert network, the expectation is also that all ArrowMark Portfolio Managers and Analysts will pay particular attention to the type of information conveyed by such sources. In the event that Portfolio Managers and Analysts suspect their receipt of non-public information, they must inform the CCO of the information to determine the appropriate course of action.


Company Meetings and Compliance Monitoring


Meetings with company insiders must be documented by entering meetings into ArrowMark’s company calendar in advance of the meeting. Company insiders and/or brokers are required to sign in via the Envoy system located at ArrowMark’s front desk for any on-site meetings. The meeting calendar and Envoy system are reviewed quarterly by the CCO (or designee) and may be reconciled against email correspondence. Additionally, ArrowMark has implemented technology to alert the CCO (or designee) of any trading activity that precedes a 10% or greater movement in the stock price.


The CCO (or designee) reserves the right to chaperone any meeting or call with company insiders. The CCO (or designee) will also review email communication to identify any non-compliance with these procedures.


Penalties for Trading on Insider Information


Severe penalties exist for firms and individuals that engage in the act of insider trading, including civil injunctions, treble damages, disgorgement of profits and jail sentences. Further, fines for individuals and firms found guilty of insider trading are levied in amounts up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided, and up to the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the profit gained or loss avoided, respectively.


Procedures to follow if an Employee Believes that he/she Possesses Material, Non- Public Information


If an Employee has questions as to whether they are in possession of material, non-public information, they must inform the CCO and/or General Counsel as soon as possible. From this point, the Employee, CCO and General Counsel will conduct research to determine if the information is likely to be considered important to investors in making investment decisions, and whether the information has been publicly disseminated.


Given the severe penalties imposed on individuals and firms engaging in insider trading, Employees:


·

Shall not trade the securities of any company in which they are deemed insiders who may possess material, non-public information about the company.4

·

Shall not engage in securities transactions of any company, except in accordance with ArrowMark’s Personal Security Transaction Policy and the securities laws.

·

Shall submit personal security trading reports in accordance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy.

·

Shall not discuss any potentially material, non-public information with colleagues, except as specifically required by their position.

·

Shall immediately report the potential receipt of non-public information to the CCO and/or General Counsel.

·

Shall not proceed with any research, trading, etc. until the CCO and General Counsel inform the Employee of the appropriate course of action.


 



Employees may access private side information from an issuer, creditor, bank, or other third party related to a proposed lending transaction. Typically such information is provided after a confidentiality agreement has been signed, which sometimes occurs electronically when investment staff access information via a web portal. Generally speaking, the CCO shall review, sign or otherwise approve (in the case of electronic access) confidentiality agreements, although other ArrowMark executives maintain the ability to execute confidentiality agreements. All ArrowMark employees should ensure that they notify the CCO of any confidentiality agreements signed that may relate to issuers of publicly traded securities. In all cases, regardless of the source, Employees should immediately inform the CCO if they have or believe they have received material non-public information regarding an issuer, especially if the issuer is known to have publicly traded securities.



If the CCO determines that the information is material and non-public, or in the case of a non-disclosure agreement, the CCO or designee will identify the security in the restricted log and update the pre-trade compliance rules in the order management system.


Trading in affected securities may resume, and other responses may be adjusted or eliminated, when the CCO determines that the information has become public and/or immaterial. At such time, the CCO or designee will amend the restricted log to indicate the date that trading was allowed to resume and the reason for the resumption.



SERVING AS OFFICERS, TRUSTEES AND/OR DIRECTORS OF OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS


Employees may, under certain circumstances, be granted permission to serve as directors, trustees or officers of outside organizations by completing an outside employment form. These organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. Employees may also receive compensation for such activities.


At certain times, ArrowMark may determine that it is in its clients’ best interests for an Employee(s) to serve as an officer or on the board of directors of an outside organization. For example, a company held in clients’ portfolios may be undergoing a reorganization that may affect the value of the company’s outstanding securities and the future direction of the company. Service with organizations outside of ArrowMark can, however, raise serious regulatory issues and concerns, including conflicts of interests and access to material non-public information.


As an outside board member or officer, an Employee may come into possession of material non-public information about the outside company, or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between ArrowMark and the outside organization, and that the Employee does not communicate such information to other Employees in violation of the information barrier.


Similarly, ArrowMark may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In those circumstances, the Employee must not be involved in the decision to retain or hire the outside organization.


Employees are prohibited from engaging in such outside activities without the prior written approval from the CCO. Approval will be granted on a case by case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside activities will be approved only if any conflict of interest issues can be satisfactorily resolved and all of the necessary disclosures are made on Part II of Form ADV.



DIVERSION OF FIRM BUSINESS OR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY



No Employee may acquire, or receive personal gain or profit from, any business opportunity that comes to his or her attention as a result of his or her association with ArrowMark and in which he or she knows ArrowMark might be expected to participate or have an interest, without disclosing in writing all necessary facts to the CCO, offering the particular opportunity to ArrowMark, and obtaining written authorization to participate from the CCO.


Any personal or family interest of an Employee in any ArrowMark business activity or transaction must be immediately disclosed to the CCO. For example, if an Employee becomes aware that a transaction being considered or undertaken by ArrowMark may benefit, either directly or indirectly, an Employee or a family member thereof, the Employee must immediately disclose this possibility to the CCO.



DEALINGS WITH GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY REGULATORS


ArrowMark’s policy forbids payments of any kind by it, its Employees or any agent or other intermediary to any government official, self-regulatory official, corporation or other similar person or entity, within the United States or abroad, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, or for the purpose of influencing favorable consideration of any application for a business activity or other matter. This policy covers all types of payments, even to minor government officials and industry regulators, regardless of whether the payment would be considered legal under the circumstances. This policy encourages Employees to avoid even the appearance of impropriety in their dealings with industry and government regulators and officials.


It is expected and required that all Employees fulfill their personal obligations to governmental and regulatory bodies. Those obligations include the filing of appropriate federal, state and local tax returns, as well as the filing of any applicable forms or reports required by regulatory bodies.


All Employees are required to cooperate fully with management in connection with any internal or independent investigation and any claims, actions, arbitrations, litigations, investigations or inquiries brought by or against ArrowMark. Employees are expected, if requested, to provide ArrowMark with reasonable assistance, including, but not limited to, meeting or consulting with ArrowMark and its representatives, reviewing documents, analyzing facts and appearing or testifying as witnesses or interviewees or otherwise.



POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND PUBLIC OFFICE


The following outlines ArrowMark’s policies with respect to political contributions and public office:


·

Political contributions, gifts, subscription, loans, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value are not to exceed $350.00 per candidate whom you are entitled to vote, per election;

·

Political contributions, gifts, subscription, loans, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value are not to exceed $150.00 per candidate whom you are not entitled to vote, per election;

·

Contributions by ArrowMark and/or Employees to politically connected individuals/entities who may have the ability, in some way, to influence clients to ArrowMark are strictly prohibited;

·

An Employee is permitted to make a contribution to a candidate only if the Employee is entitled to vote for him/her at the time of the contribution (though contributions to Presidential candidates are excluded from this requirement);

·

No Employee is permitted to make any soft dollar contributions; and

·

No Employee can hold a public office if it in any way conflicts with ArrowMark’s business.


Employees must report their intent to make a contribution submitting a “political contribution” entry in SchwabCT.



IMPROPER USE OF ARROWMARK PROPERTY


No Employee may utilize property of ArrowMark or utilize the services of ArrowMark, its principals or employees, for his or her personal benefit or the benefit of another person or entity, without approval of the CCO. For this purpose, “property” means both tangible and intangible property, including ArrowMark and Employee funds, premises, equipment, supplies, information, business plans, business opportunities, confidential research, intellectual property or proprietary processes, and ideas for new research or services.



PROTECTION OF ARROWMARKS NAME


Employees should at all times be aware that ArrowMark’s name, reputation and credibility are valuable assets and must be safeguarded from any potential misuse. Care should be exercised to avoid the unauthorized use of ArrowMark’s name in any manner that could be misinterpreted to indicate a relationship between ArrowMark and any other entity or activity.



EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IN LITIGATION OR PROCEEDINGS


Employees must advise the CCO immediately if they become involved in or threatened with litigation or an administrative investigation or proceeding of any kind, are subject to any judgment, order or arrest, or are contacted by any regulatory authority.



GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT


Employees’ Receipt of Business Meals, Sporting Events and Other Entertainment - Employees may attend business meals, sporting events and other entertainment events at the expense of a giver, as long as the expense is reasonable, not lavish or extravagant in nature and the Employee is accompanied by the giver. In the event that the estimated cost of the meal, event, etc. is greater than $500.00, the Employee must report his/her attendance at the meal, event, etc. to the CCO. If the event is highly publicized such that the tickets may be selling in excess of their face value, the Employee must consider the mark-up for the reporting requirements.


Employees’ Receipt of Gifts - Employees must report their intent to accept gifts over $500.00 (either one single gift, or in aggregate on an annual basis) to the CCO by submitting a gift receipt in SchwabCT. Reasonable gifts received on behalf of the Company shall not require reporting. Examples of reasonable gifts include holiday gift baskets and lunches brought to the offices by service providers.


ArrowMark’s Gift Giving Policy – ArrowMark and its Employees are prohibited from giving gifts that may be deemed as excessive, and must obtain approval to give all gifts in excess of $500.00 to any client, prospective client or any individual or entity that ArrowMark is seeking to do business with.


Gifts Given to Taft-Hartley Funds - Employees are reminded that notwithstanding this policy, since ArrowMark may manage Taft-Hartley funds, any gratuity provided by ArrowMark to labor unions or union representatives that have an “interest” in the Taft-Hartley fund (including the members covered by the Taft- Hartley fund) in excess of $25.00 are required to be reported to CCO and Department Labor Form LM-10. Accordingly, ArrowMark will monitor all gratuities as discussed and make the appropriate filings on DOL Form LM-10.


Gifts and Entertainment – ArrowMark and its Employees are prohibited from giving gifts or entertainment that may appear lavish or excessive, and must obtain approval to give gifts or entertainment in excess of $500.00 to any Client, Investor, prospect, or individual or entity that ArrowMark does, or is seeking to do, business with. Employees should seek approval by completing a Gifts and Entertainment disclosure via the SchwabCT gifts portal.



Gifts and Entertainment Given to ERISA Plan Fiduciaries – ArrowMark is prohibited from giving gifts or entertainment with an aggregate value exceeding $500.00 per year to any ERISA plan fiduciary.

Consequently, Employees/SupervisedPersons must obtain approval before giving any gifts or entertainment to ERISA plan fiduciaries via the SchwabCT gifts portal.


Gifts and Entertainment Given to State and Local Pension Officials – ArrowMark must be mindful that myriad state and municipal regulations exist around the exchange of gifts and entertainment with such officials. Accordingly, Employees must consult with the CCO before providing any gifts or entertainment in connection with the solicitation of state and municipal pension, and similar plans.The CCO shall track all reportable entertainment and gifts via the SchwabCT gifts portal.


Foreign Corrupt Practice Act Policy


The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) prohibits the direct or indirect giving of, or a promise to give, “things of value” in order to corruptly obtain a business benefit from an officer, employee, or other “instrumentality” of a foreign government (collectively, “Foreign Officials”). Companies that are owned, even partly, by a foreign government may be considered an “instrumentality” of that government. In particular, government investments in foreign financial institutions may make the FCPA applicable to those institutions. Individuals acting in an official capacity on behalf of a foreign government or a foreign political party may also be “instrumentalities” of a foreign government.


The FCPA includes provisions that may permit the giving of gifts and entertainment under certain circumstances, including certain gifts and entertainment that are lawful under the written laws and regulations of the recipient’s country, as well as bona-fide travel costs for certain legitimate business purposes. However, the availability of these exceptions is limited and is dependent on the relevant facts and circumstances. The FCPA does permit certain small “facilitating” or “expediting” payments to Foreign Officials to ensure that they perform routine, non-discretionary governmental duties (e.g., obtaining permits, licenses, or other official documents; processing governmental papers, such as visas and work orders; providing police protection, mail pickup and delivery; providing phone service, power and water supply, loading and unloading cargo, or protecting perishable products; and scheduling inspections associated with contract performance or transit of goods across country).


The FCPA prohibits payments to third parties, such as a placement agent, with knowledge, whether actual or inferred, that all or a portion of the payment will be passed on to Foreign Officials.


Risks


In developing these policies and procedures, ArrowMark considered the risk that Employees would try to use gifts or entertainment, directly or indirectly through placement agents, to exert improper influence on Foreign Officials. ArrowMark established the following guidelines to mitigate these risks.


Foreign Official Gifts and Entertainment


ArrowMark and its Employees must comply with the spirit and the letter of the FCPA at all times. Employees must obtain written pre-clearance from the CCO prior to giving anything of value that might be subject to the FCPA except food and beverages that are provided during a legitimate business meeting and that are clearly not lavish or excessive.


Employees must complete the Gifts and Entertainment Report in SchwabCT to disclose all gifts and entertainment that may be subject to the FCPA, irrespective of value and including food and beverages provided during a legitimate business meeting.



Employees must consult with the CCO if there is any question as to whether gifts or entertainment need to be pre-cleared and/or reported in connection with this policy.



TRAVEL EXPENSES


Employees may charge normal and reasonable travel and travel-related expenses incurred for an ArrowMark business purpose. Such expenses may include meals and incidentals, travel costs (air, train, etc.), lodging expenses, business phone calls and other miscellaneous travel related expenses. When incurring such expenses, Employees must use reasonable judgment and generally be aware of escalating travel costs. While ArrowMark has not prescribed limits on such expenses, ArrowMark may reiterate its policy with Employees as necessary.


ArrowMark will pay for all travel expenses (airline, hotel, meals and incidentals) related to Employees’ attendance at conferences, company visits, etc. In the event that any such expenses are included as part of the event, Employees shall report the approximate value of such expense to the CCO. The CCO will evaluate such covered expenses to determine whether reasonable and appropriate. ArrowMark has adopted this policy in order to monitor any potential conflicts of interest associated with our relationships with outside service providers.



DISCLOSURE


ArrowMark shall describe its Code of Ethics in Part II of Form ADV and, upon request, furnish clients with a copy of the Code of Ethics. All client requests for ArrowMark’s Code of Ethics shall be directed to the CCO.


If the CCO determines that a material violation of this Code has occurred, he or she shall promptly report the violation, and any enforcement action taken, to ArrowMark’s Operating Committee. If ArrowMark’s Operating Committee determines that such material violation appears to involve a fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative act, ArrowMark will report its findings to the Fund’s Board of Directors or Trustees pursuant to Rule 17j-1. No less frequently than annually, the board must be furnished a written report that (i) describes any issues arising under the code or procedures since the last report to the board, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and (ii) certifies that the fund and adviser has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from violating the code.



RECORDKEEPING


ArrowMark shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records shall be available for appropriate examination by representatives of regulatory authorities or ArrowMark’s management.


·

A copy of this Code of Ethics and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

·

A record of any violation of this Code of Ethics and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

·

A record of all written acknowledgements (annual certifications) for each person who is currently, or with the past five years was, an Employee of ArrowMark.

·

A copy of each report made pursuant to this Code of Ethics by an Employee, including any information provided in lieu of reports, shall be preserved by the Company for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place;



·

A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code of Ethics, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place;

·

The Company shall preserve a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition of any limited offering or IPO by Employees for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, the first two years in an easily accessible place.

·

A copy of each finding presented to the Board of a Fund shall be preserved by ArrowMark for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the record is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place.


RESPONSIBILITY


The CCO will be responsible for administering the Code of Ethics. All questions regarding the policy should be directed to the CCO. All Employees must acknowledge their receipt and understanding of the Code of Ethics upon commencement of their employment.


In the event a material change is made to the Personal Trading Policy of the Code of Ethics, the CCO shall ensure that such material change is approved by the Fund's Board no later than six months after adoption of the material change.


EMPLOYEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


You are required to complete the Code of Ethics Acknowledgement, both initially upon the commencement of your employment with ArrowMark and annually thereafter, to acknowledge and certify that you have received, reviewed, understand and shall comply, or have complied with, the policies and procedures as set forth in the Code of Ethics. In addition, all Employees must be aware of and comply with the following undertakings:


·

be thoroughly familiar with the policies and procedures set forth in this Code of Ethics;


·

upon the request of the CCO, provide initial and annual written certification that you have read and understand, and will comply with, the policies and procedures set forth in this Code of Ethics and any other compliance materials distributed to you by the CCO;


·

notify the CCO promptly in the event you have any reason to believe that you may have failed to comply with (or become aware of another person’s failure to comply with) the policies and procedures set forth in this Code of Ethics;


·

notify the CCO promptly if you become aware of any practice that arguably involves ArrowMark in a conflict of interest with any of its advisory accounts including unregistered investment funds;


·

cooperate to the fullest extent reasonably requested by the CCO so as to enable: (i) the CCO to discharge his respective duties under the Code of Ethics and (ii) ArrowMark to comply with the securities laws to which it is subject; and


·

notify the CCO promptly if you become aware of any part of any disclosure document that you believe may be inaccurate, incomplete or out of date in any respect.

 

Footnotes

1

S.E.C. v. Capital Gains Research, Inc., 375 U.S. at 191-192 (1963).

 

2

Employees may preclear a reportable transaction at a specified price (i.e. a limit order) and the outstanding order may be good until canceled by the Employee. In such instances, the transaction may occur on a day other than the two day trading window in which the preclearance is granted. If the Employee alters any aspect of the order (most notably the limit price), the Employee must again seek pre-clearance for the transaction. These types of transactions must be reported on a quarterly basis similar to all of the Employee’s other reportable transactions.

 

3

Any report of beneficial ownership required thereunder shall not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Reportable Securities to which the report relates.

 

4

Please refer to the Trading Policy for a discussion of instances in which trades are conducted in reliance on “Big Boy Letters”.

 


 


Code of Business Conduct and Ethics







BlackRock

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Effective Date: December 7, 2021




1.

Introduction


This global Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code”) governs the general commitment by BlackRock, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “BlackRock”) to conduct its business activities in the highest ethical and professional manner and to put client interests first. BlackRock’s reputation for integrity is one of its most important assets and is instrumental to its business success. While this Code covers a wide range of business activities, practices, and procedures, it does not cover every issue that may arise in the course of BlackRock’s many business activities. Rather, it sets out basic principles designed to guide BlackRock’s employees and directors. Consultants and contingent, contract, or temporary workers are expected to comply with the principles of this Code and policies applicable to their location, function, and status.


Every BlackRock employee and director — whatever his or her position — is responsible for upholding high ethical and professional standards and must seek to avoid even the appearance of improper behavior. Any violation of this Code may result in disciplinary action to the extent permitted by applicable law. Any employee who becomes aware of an actual or potential violation of this Code or other BlackRock policy is required to follow the reporting process described in the Global Policy for Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct and in Section 10 below.


2.

Compliance with Laws and Regulations


BlackRock’s global business activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation and oversight and it is critical that BlackRock and its employees comply with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, including those relating to insider trading. Employees are expected to refer to the guidance contained in the Compliance Manual and the various policies and procedures contained in the Policy Library in compliance with these laws and regulations and to seek advice from supervisors and Legal & Compliance (“L&C”) as necessary.


3.

Conflicts of Interest


Conflicts of interest may arise when a person’s private interest interferes, or appears to interfere, with the interests of BlackRock, or where the interests of an employee or the firm are inconsistent with those of a client or potential client, resulting in the risk of damage to the interests of BlackRock or one or more of its clients. A conflict may arise, for example, if an employee takes an action or has an interest that could appear to make it difficult for the employee to conduct the employee’s responsibilities to BlackRock and/or the client objectively and effectively, or if such employee or any person associated with the employee, including but not limited to members of the employee’s family or household, receives an improper personal benefit, such as money or a loan, as a result of the individual’s position at BlackRock. BlackRock has adopted policies, procedures, and controls designed to manage conflicts of interest, including the Global Conflicts of Interest Policy and the Global Outside Activity Policy. Employees are required to comply with these and other compliance related policies, procedures, and controls and to help mitigate potential conflicts of interest by adhering to the following standard of conduct:


Act solely in the best interests of clients;

 

Uphold BlackRock’s high ethical and professional standards;

Identify, report, and manage actual, apparent, or potential conflicts of interest; and

Make full and fair disclosure of any conflicts of interests, as may be required.


Conflicts of interest may not always be clear-cut and it is not possible to describe every situation in which a conflict of interest may arise – any question with respect to whether a conflict of interest exists, together with any actual or potential conflict of interest, should be directed to managers and L&C.


4.

Insider Trading and Personal Trading


Employees and directors who have access to confidential information about BlackRock, its clients, or issuers in which it invests client assets, are prohibited from using or sharing that information for security trading purposes or for any other purpose except in the proper conduct of our business. All non-public information about BlackRock or any of our clients or issuers should be considered "confidential information." Use of material, non-public information in connection with any investment decision or recommendation or to “tip” others who might make an investment decision on the basis of this information is unethical and illegal and could result in civil and/or criminal penalties. Under the Global Personal Trading Policy, BlackRock employees are required to pre-clear all transactions in securities (except for certain exempt securities). Please consult the Global Insider Trading Policy for additional information.


5.

Gifts and Entertainment


Employees must act in the best interests of our clients and consider the reputation of BlackRock when receiving or providing any gift or entertainment. Employees are prohibited from offering, promising, giving or receiving, or authorizing others to offer, promise, give or receive anything of value, either directly or indirectly, to any party in order to improperly obtain or retain business, or to otherwise gain an improper business advantage.


In addition, strict laws (including criminal laws) govern the provision of gifts and entertainment, including meals, transportation, and lodging, to public officials. Employees are prohibited from providing gifts or anything of value to public officials or their employees or family members in connection with BlackRock's business for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or a business advantage. Please consult the Global Gifts and Entertainment Policy for additional information. Regional specific regulatory restrictions also apply.


6.

Political Contributions


Employees are required to pre-clear political contributions in accordance with the U.S. Political Contributions Policy - Global.


7.

Corporate Opportunities


Employees and directors:


are prohibited from taking personal opportunities for themselves that are discovered through the use of corporate

property, information, or position without the consent of L&C;

are prohibited from using corporate property, information, or position for improper personal gain;

may not compete with BlackRock either directly or indirectly; and

owe a duty to BlackRock to advance its legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises.


8.

Competition and Fair Dealing


BlackRock seeks to outperform its competition fairly and honestly by seeking competitive advantage through superior performance; BlackRock does not engage in illegal or unethical business practices. BlackRock and its employees and directors should endeavor to respect the rights of, and deal fairly with, BlackRock’s clients, vendors, and competitors. Specifically, the following conduct is prohibited:


misappropriating proprietary information;

possessing trade secret information obtained without the owner’s consent;

inducing disclosure of proprietary information or trade secret information by past or present employees of other companies; and

taking unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other intentional unfair-dealing practice.


9.

Confidentiality


BlackRock’s employees and directors have an obligation of confidentiality to BlackRock and its clients. Confidential information includes non-public information that might be of use to competitors or that might harm BlackRock or its clients, if disclosed, and non-public information that clients and other parties have entrusted to BlackRock. The obligation to preserve confidential information continues even after employment ends. This obligation does not limit employees from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to a regulator or from making disclosures under whistleblower provisions, as discussed in greater detail in the Global Policy for Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct and relevant confidentiality policies and agreements.


10.

Reporting Any Illegal or Unethical Behavior


Every employee is required to report any illegal or unethical conduct about which they become aware, including those concerning accounting or auditing matters. Employees may report concerns to L&C by contacting a Managing Director in L&C directly or by contacting the Business Integrity Hotline, contact details for which are available via the intranet homepage.

BlackRock will not retaliate or discriminate against any employee because of a good faith report. Employees have the right to report directly to a regulator and may do so anonymously; employees may provide protected disclosures under whistleblower laws and cooperate voluntarily with regulators, in each case without fear of retaliation by BlackRock. Please consult the Global Policy for Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct and local compliance manuals for additional detail.


11.

Protection and Proper Use of BlackRock Assets


Employees and directors should make every effort to protect BlackRock’s assets and use them efficiently. This obligation extends to BlackRock’s proprietary information, including intellectual property such as trade secrets, patents, trademarks, and copyrights, as well as business, marketing and service plans, engineering and manufacturing ideas, systems, software programs, designs, databases, records, salary information, and any unpublished financial data and reports. Unauthorized use or distribution of proprietary information constitutes a violation of BlackRock policy and could result in civil and/or criminal penalties. Employees should refer to the Intellectual Property Policy and the Corporate Information Security and Acceptable Use of Technology Policy for additional information on the obligation to protect BlackRock’s property.


12.

Bribery and Corruption


BlackRock employees and directors are prohibited from making payments or offering or giving anything of value, directly or indirectly, to public officials of any country, or to persons in the private sector, if the intent is to influence such persons to perform (or reward them for performing) a relevant function or activity improperly or to obtain or retain business or an advantage in the course of business conduct.


Employees should refer to the Global Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy for additional information.


13.

Equal Employment Opportunity and Harassment


The diversity of BlackRock’s employees is a tremendous asset. BlackRock is firmly committed to providing equal opportunity in all aspects of employment and will not tolerate any illegal discrimination or harassment of any kind. In particular, it is BlackRock’s policy to afford equal opportunity to all qualified applicants and existing employees without regard to race, ethnicity, religion, color, national origin, sex, pregnancy status, pregnancy-related medical conditions, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, ancestry, physical or mental disability, familial or marital status, political affiliation, citizenship status, genetic information, or protected veteran or military status or any other basis that would be in violation of any applicable ordinance or law. In addition, BlackRock will not tolerate harassment, bias, or other inappropriate conduct on the basis of any of the above protected categories. BlackRock’s Global Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Guidelines, which outline the firm's Equal Employment Opportunity policies, and other employment policies are available in the Policy Library.


14.

Recordkeeping


BlackRock requires honest and accurate recording and reporting of information in order to conduct its business and to make responsible business decisions. BlackRock, as a financial services provider and a public company, is subject to extensive regulations regarding maintenance and retention of books and records. BlackRock’s books, records, accounts, and financial statements must be maintained in reasonable detail, must appropriately reflect BlackRock’s transactions, and must conform both to applicable legal requirements and to BlackRock’s system of internal controls. Please consult the Global Records Management Policy and other record retention policies, available in the Policy Library, for additional information.


15.

Waivers of the Code


Any waiver of this Code for an executive officer or director must be made only by BlackRock’s Board of Directors or a Board committee and must be promptly disclosed as required by law or stock exchange regulation.


 


 


 


 


Limited




 


 


 


Converted by EDGARwiz


Code of Ethics

Implementation Date: Q2 2021

_______________________________________________________________________________



General


The Code of Ethics is predicated on the principle that ClariVest owes a fiduciary duty to its Clients.1  Accordingly, Employees must avoid activities, interests and relationships that run contrary (or appear to run contrary) to the best interests of Clients. At all times, ClariVest will:


·

Place Client interests ahead of ClariVests As a fiduciary, ClariVest will serve in its Clients best interests. In other words, Employees may not benefit at the expense of advisory Clients.

·

Engage in personal investing that is in full compliance with ClariVests Code of Ethics Access Persons must review and abide by ClariVests Personal Securities Transaction policy, and all Employees must review and abide by ClariVests Insider Trading Policies.

·

Avoid taking advantage of your position Employees must not accept investment opportunities, gifts or other gratuities from individuals seeking to conduct business with ClariVest, or on behalf of an advisory client, unless in compliance with the Gifts and Entertainment Policy set forth in the Compliance Manual.

·

Maintain full compliance with the Federal Securities Laws Employees must abide by the standards set forth in Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the IC Act.  


Any questions with respect to ClariVests Code of Ethics should be directed to the CCO or President/General Counsel.  As discussed in greater detail below, Employees must promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO.  All reported Code of Ethics violations will be treated as being made on an anonymous basis.


Potential Risks


In developing these policies and procedures, ClariVest considered the material risks associated with administering the Code of Ethics.  This analysis includes risks such as:  


·

Access Persons engaging in various personal trading practices that wrongly use Non-Public Information. (These practices include but are not limited to trading ahead of Clients and passing Non-Public Information on to spouses and other persons over whose accounts the access person has control.)


·

Access Persons being able to front run Clients' trades and systematically move profitable trades to a personal account and let less profitable trades remain in Clients accounts.


·

Personal trading that is conducted in violation of ClariVest's policies and procedures set forth below, including personal trading conducted by dual employees.


·

Personal trading that may detract from the ability of one or more Access Persons to perform services for Clients.


·

The personal trading of Access Persons does not comply with certain provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act (and Rule 17j-1 of the IC Act), or with the provisions of the Code of Ethics.


·

Employees not being aware of what constitutes insider information.


·

Employees serving as trustees and/or directors of outside organizations without prior approval. (This could present a conflict in a number of ways, for example, if ClariVest wants to recommend the organization for investment or if the organization is one of ClariVests service providers.)


·

Employees using firm property, including research, supplies, and equipment, for personal benefit.


·

ClariVest or its Covered Associates make political contributions or coordinate political contributions in violation of Rule 206(4)-5, or their contributions are not monitored properly.


·

Employees use social networking sites in a manner that could be construed as marketing on behalf of ClariVest.


ClariVest has established the following guidelines to effectuate and monitor ClariVests Code of Ethics.


Defined Terms


1.

ACCESS PERSON - all of ClariVests Employees who (1) have access to nonpublic information regarding any Clients purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund, or (2) are involved in making securities recommendations to Clients, or who have access to such recommendations that are nonpublic.  ClariVests Senior Adviser and outside directors are not Access Persons provided that they do not have the access or involvement described in the first sentence of this definition.

2.

AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN - A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

3.

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP - As set forth under Rule 16a-1(a)(2), which determines whether a person is subject to the provision of Section 16 of the 34 Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, generally the term beneficial owner shall mean any person who, directly or indirectly, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest (i.e., some economic benefit) in the Security.  This may also include securities held by members of an Access Persons immediate family sharing the same household; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted.  The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law and includes adoptive relationships.  Any report of beneficial ownership required hereunder shall not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities to which the report relates.

4.

CCO Rebecca Ellis, ClariVests Chief Compliance Officer.

5.

CFO  Jeff Jacobson, ClariVests Chief Financial Officer.

6.

CIO Todd Wolter and/or David Vaughn.

7.

CLIENTS - ClariVests separate managed accounts, mutual funds and Investment Funds.

8.

COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT - ClariVest's employees who are designated to administer components of ClariVest's compliance program.  The CCO is a member of, and is responsible for supervising, the Compliance Department.

9.

CONTRIBUTION - A gift, subscription, loan, advance, deposit of money, or anything of value made to an Official, political party or political action committee, as applicable.

10.

COVERED ASSOCIATE - (a) ClariVests general partner, managing member or executive officer, or other individual with a similar status or function; (b) any Employee; (c) any political action committee controlled by ClariVest or by any of its Covered Associates; or (d) members of an Employees immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Adoptive relationships are included.

11.  COVERED INVESTMENT POOL - (a) any investment company registered under the IC Act that is an investment option of a plan or program of a Government Entity or (b) any investment company that would be an investment company under IC Act section 3(a) but for the exclusion provided by IC Act section 3(c)(1), 3(c)(7) or 3(c)(11).

12.

EMPLOYEES ClariVests supervised persons, as defined in the Advisers Act, are its officers and employees.

13.

EXCLUDED ACCOUNTS - The following account types or their non-U.S. equivalents, provided they do not have individual securities or commodity trading capabilities:


Account held directly with a mutual fund company;

Company retirement account (e.g., 401(k));

Health Savings Account;

Account holding exclusively unit investment trusts;

Municipal fund-only account;

Qualified tuition program (e.g., 529 plans);

Account restricted to variable contracts (e.g., annuities);

Monthly investment plan account; or

Bank account.


These account types are exempt from regulatory disclosure requirements.

14.

FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS - Means the 33 Act, 34 Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, IC Act, Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or the Department of the Treasury.

15.

FRONT-RUNNING - A practice generally understood to be investment advisory personnel personally trading ahead of client accounts.

16.

GOVERNMENT ENTITY - Any state or local government, any of its agencies or instrumentalities, or any public pension plan or other collective government fund, including any participant-directed plan such as a 403(b), 457 or 529 plan.

17.

INSIDER TRADING - Although not defined in securities laws, insider trading is generally described as trading either personally or on behalf of others on the basis of material Non-Public Information or communicating material Non-Public Information to others in violation of the law.

18.

LIMITED OFFERING An offering that is exempt from registration under the 33 Act pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 of Regulation D.

19.

OFFICIAL - An incumbent, candidate or successful candidate for elective office of a Government Entity.

20.

REPORTABLE FUND Any fund for which ClariVest serves as the investment adviser as defined in section 2(a)(20) of the IC Act, or any fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls ClariVest, is controlled by ClariVest, or is under common control with ClariVest, including any Mutual Fund.

21.

REPORTABLE SECURITY Any Security, with five (5) exceptions: 1. Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; 2. Money market instruments bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; 3. Shares of money market funds; 4. Transactions and holdings in shares of other types of Funds, which are not Reportable Funds; and 5. Transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in Funds which are not Reportable Funds.

22.

SCALPING A practice generally understood to be investment advisory personnel personally benefiting from small gains in short-term personal trades in securities being traded in advisory accounts.

23.

SECURITIES ACCOUNT - brokerage account in which any Securities are held.  However, you do not need to disclose Excluded Accounts.

24.

SECURITY Means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security", or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing.


Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning given them in ClariVests Compliance Manual.


Guiding Principles & Standards of Conduct


All Employees of ClariVest shall:

·

Act in an ethical manner with the public, Clients, prospective clients, employers, Employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets;

·

Place the integrity of the investment profession, the interests of Clients, and the interests of ClariVest above ones own personal financial interests;

·

Adhere to the fundamental standard that you should not take inappropriate advantage of your position;

·

Avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest;

·

Conduct all personal securities transactions in a manner consistent with this policy;

·

Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities;

·

Practice, and encourage others to practice, in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect favorably on the Employee, ClariVest and the profession; and

·

Comply with applicable provisions of the Federal Securities Laws.


1. Personal Security Transaction Policy


In order for ClariVest to minimize compliance risks such as Scalping, Front-Running or the appearance of a conflict of interest with the trading conducted for ClariVest Clients, Access Persons of ClariVest are prohibited from engaging in transactions in publicly-traded Reportable Securities that are equities or derivatives of equities (such as options, puts, calls, etc.) in which the person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, except for (a) transactions in ETFs and derivatives of ETFs, (b) ownership as a result of employer sponsored compensation programs, (c) participation in an employers qualified retirement plan, (d) exempt securities described below in Reportable and Exempt Securities or (e) transactions in Excluded Accounts.  Subject to the following paragraph, Access Persons are permitted to invest in privately-held Reportable Securities and publicly-traded Reportable Securities that are not equities or derivatives of equities (such as municipal bonds, etc.).


Access Persons may not participate in initial public offerings, and must have written pre-clearance from the Compliance Department for securities transactions involving limited offerings, including investments in an investment company advised or sub-advised by ClariVest that would be an investment company under IC Act section 3(a) but for the exclusion provided by IC Act section 3(c)(1), 3(c)(7) or 3(c)(11).  (See Pre-clearance below for additional information.) For purposes of this policy a limited offering shall be a security that has a market capitalization of less than $500 million or a security that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933. The Compliance Department shall (a) obtain from the Access Person full details of the proposed transaction; and (b) except with respect to funds advised/sub-advised by ClariVest, conclude that the security does not fit the investment strategy recommended by ClariVest and if so, that no Clients have any foreseeable interest in ClariVest purchasing such security on their behalf.  The Compliance Department may request a copy of any offering materials (subscription agreement, etc.) associated with the Limited Offering.

 



PLEASE NOTE THAT ACCESS PERSONS MUST PRE-CLEAR AND REPORT ANY PERSONAL TRANSACTION IN ANY FUND FOR WHICH CLARIVEST SERVES AS THE INVESTMENT ADVISER OR SUB-ADVISER AND ANY OTHER REPORTABLE FUND.  (SEE PRE-CLEARANCE BELOW FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.)


Reportable and Exempt Securities


Reportable Securities are any Securities, with five (5) exceptions: 1. Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; 2. Money market instruments bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; 3. Shares of money market funds; 4. Transactions and holdings in shares of other types of Funds, which are not Reportable Funds; and 5. Transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in Funds which are not Reportable Funds.


Commodities, futures and options traded on a commodities exchange, including currency futures are not considered securities. However, futures and options on any group or index of securities shall be considered securities.


Beneficial Ownership


Access Persons are considered to have beneficial ownership of securities if they have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities. Access Persons have a pecuniary interest in securities if they have the ability to directly or indirectly profit from a securities transaction.


The following are examples of indirect pecuniary interests in securities; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted:


·

Securities held by members of an Access Persons immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Adoptive relationships are included;

·

Access Persons interests as a general partner in securities held by a general or limited partnership; and

·

Access Persons interests as a manager/member in the securities held by a limited liability company.


An Access Person does not have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by entities in which they hold an equity interest unless they are a controlling equity holder or they share investment control over the securities held by the entity.


The following circumstances constitute beneficial ownership by Access Persons of securities held by a trust:


·

Ownership of securities as a trustee where either the Access Person or members of the Access Persons immediate family have a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust;

·

Ownership of a vested beneficial interest in a trust; and

·

An Access Persons status as a settlor/grantor of a trust, unless the consent of all of the beneficiaries is required in order for the Access Person to revoke the trust.


For purposes of clarification, in no event will an account or pooled vehicle managed by ClariVest be subject to the Personal Security Transaction Policy, including by virtue of the fact that ClariVest receives a performance or incentive fee with respect to such account or vehicle.


Reporting


Quarterly Account and Transaction Reports  


Each Access Person will work with the Compliance Department to ensure that such Access Persons broker-dealers send ClariVests Compliance Department duplicate trade confirmations and/or account statements of the Access Person when possible, at a minimum, no later than thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter.  These statements should be provided through ClariVests online platform Schwab Compliance Technologies when possible.


Except as set forth in the following sentence, each Access Person of ClariVest shall provide the Compliance Department with quarterly transaction reports that disclose all transactions in Reportable Securities in which the person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership (except for exempt transactions listed in the section below entitled Exceptions from Reporting Requirements).  The quarterly transaction reports from Access Persons shall contain disclosure of any transactions not reflected in a brokerage statement delivered to the Compliance Department within thirty (30) days of quarter end.  If a brokerage statement does not   include the information required on Attachment A, then that information must be reported on the quarterly transaction report.  The quarterly transaction reports are due within thirty (30) days of quarter end and shall contain a confirmation by the Access Person that the Access Person has not engaged in any prohibited securities transaction. These reports should be provided through ClariVests online platform Schwab Compliance Technologies when possible.

 

Access Persons shall also report on a quarterly basis, not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter, the name of any Securities Account established by the Access Person during the quarter in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Employee, the date the account was established, and the date the report was submitted. Access Persons shall also report any brokerage account closed by the Access Person during such quarter.  This reporting should be provided through ClariVests online platform Schwab Compliance Technologies when possible.


The quarterly transaction reports and quarterly account opening/closing reports submitted by Access Persons are reviewed by the Compliance Department to confirm compliance with the Code of Ethics.


ACCESS PERSONS ARE REMINDED THAT THEY MUST ALSO REPORT TRANSACTIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE ACCESS PERSONS IMMEDIATEFAMILY INCLUDING SPOUSE, CHILDREN AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD IN ACCOUNTS OVER WHICH THE ACCESS PERSON HAS DIRECT OR INDIRECT INFLUENCE OR CONTROL.


Initial and Annual Holdings Reports


New ClariVest Access Persons are required to report all of their Reportable Securities holdings and Securities Accounts not later than 10 days after the commencement of their employment.  These reports should be provided through ClariVests online platform Schwab Compliance Technologies when possible, and must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes subject to this Code.  Access Persons are permitted to retain any Reportable Securities held by them as of their hire date. If any Access Person chooses to hold such Reportable Securities, he/she must obtain prior written approval from the Compliance Department should he/she ever want to sell any publicly-traded Reportable Security that is an equity or derivative of an equity (other than ETFs or derivatives of ETFs).  (See Pre-clearance below for additional information.)  The initial holdings reports and initial securities accounts reports submitted by Access Persons are reviewed by the Compliance Department to confirm compliance with the Code of Ethics.






Existing Access Persons are required to provide ClariVest with a complete list of Reportable Securities holdings and Securities Accounts on an annual basis, on or before February 14th of each year.  The report shall be current at least as of December 31st, which is a date no more than 45 days from the final date the report is due to be submitted.  (The annual holdings reports and annual securities accounts reports should be submitted through ClariVests online platform Schwab Compliance Technologies when possible, and are reviewed by the Compliance Department to confirm compliance with the Code of Ethics.


In the event that an Access Person submits brokerage or custodial statements to satisfy the initial and/or annual holdings report requirement, the Access Person must be certain that such statements include the required information.




AS NOTED ABOVE, ACCESS PERSONS MUST REPORT THE NAME OF ANY BROKER, DEALER OR BANK WITH WHICH THE ACCESS PERSON MAINTAINS A SECURITIES ACCOUNT IN WHICH ANY SECURITIES ARE HELD FOR THE ACCESS PERSONS DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFIT.  PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS REQUIREMENT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR ANY EXEMPTIONS TO THE DEFINITION OF A SECURITY.  THUS, IF AN ACCESS PERSON HAS A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A NON-REPORTABLE SECURITY IN AN ACCOUNT THAT HAS NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN REPORTED, THE NAME OF THE BROKER, DEALER OR BANK WHERE THESE ACCOUNTS ARE MAINTAINED MUST BE REPORTED.



Accounts managed by an unaffiliated money manager

ClariVest Access Persons may be permitted to delegate investment authority of a personal brokerage account to an unaffiliated money manager.  The Access Person may not have any direct or indirect influence or control over the holdings or security transactions in the account, thus constituting a fully-discretionary account.  Fully-discretionary accounts require pre-approval and must be reported when opened on the Quarterly Account Opening/Closing Reporting Form, or, where applicable, on the Initial Securities Accounts Report and Annual Securities Account Report.


Quarterly, Access Persons will certify their compliance with ClariVests Personal Security Transaction Policy by attesting that all security transactions were effected at the unaffiliated money managers sole discretion.  Annually thereafter, ClariVest will seek a certification from the unaffiliated money manager that they have not received nor taken instruction from the Access Person requesting a transaction in any particular security.  Note that the Access Person is permitted to request a contribution to/withdrawal from the account, but the unaffiliated money manager must decide which securities to buy/sell, as applicable.


Accounts managed by an unaffiliated money manager require proper disclosure and approval as described above, but do not require duplicate statements or trade confirmations.


Trading and Review


ClariVest strictly forbids Front-Running client accounts, which is a practice generally understood to be Access Persons personally trading ahead of proposed client transactions. In order to minimize the risk of Front-Running, ClariVest prohibits personal securities transactions in most publicly-traded Reportable Securities as described above under Personal Security Transaction Policy.  The Compliance Department will closely monitor Access Persons investment patterns to confirm compliance with these restrictions.  The President will monitor the CCOs personal securities transactions for compliance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy.

If ClariVest discovers that an Access Person is personally trading contrary to the policies set forth above, the Employee shall meet with the CCO to review the facts surrounding the transactions.




Pre-clearance


The following procedures shall apply to any situation in which an Access Person must obtain pre-clearance for a trade.  Access Persons shall request pre-clearance in writing (which includes requests through the Schwab Compliance Technologies online platform or by e-mail).  Once pre-clearance is granted to an Access Person, such Access Person may only transact in that security for the time period specified by the Compliance Department.  If the Access Person wishes to transact in that security on any other day, they must again obtain pre-clearance from the Compliance Department.


Reporting Violations and Remedial Actions


ClariVest takes the potential for conflicts of interest caused by personal investing very seriously.  As such, ClariVest requires its Employees to promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO.  


If any violation of ClariVests Personal Security Transaction Policy is determined to have occurred,  the  CCO may impose sanctions and take such other actions as he/she deems appropriate,  including, without limitation, requiring that the trades in question be reversed, requiring the disgorgement of profits or gifts, issuing a letter of caution or warning, issuing a suspension of personal trading rights or suspension of  employment (with or without compensation), imposing a fine, making a civil referral to the SEC, making a criminal referral, and/or terminating employment for cause or any combination of the foregoing.  All sanctions and other actions taken shall be in accordance with applicable employment laws and regulations.  Any profits or gifts forfeited shall be paid to the applicable client(s), if any, or given to a charity, as the CCO shall determine is appropriate.


No person shall participate in a determination of whether he or she has committed a violation of this Policy or in the imposition of any sanction against himself or herself; provided that such person may be given an opportunity to provide any explanations or additional information that the CCO may or may not consider in making his/her determination.


2.

Insider Trading Policy


Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, Non-Public Information by any person associated with such investment adviser. In accordance with Section 204A, ClariVest has instituted the following procedures to prevent the misuse of Non-Public Information.


Securities laws have been interpreted to prohibit the following activities:


·

Trading by an insider while in possession of material Non-Public Information; or

·

Trading by a non-insider while in possession of material Non-Public Information, where the information was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insiders duty to keep it confidential; or

·

Communicating material Non-Public Information to others in breach of a fiduciary duty.


Whom Does the Policy Cover?


This policy covers all of ClariVests Employees.  This policy also covers any transactions in any securities participated in by family members, trusts or corporations directly or indirectly controlled by such persons.




 

In addition, the policy applies to transactions engaged in by corporations in which the Employee is an officer, director or 10% or greater stockholder and a partnership of which the Employee is a partner unless the Employee has no direct or indirect control over the partnership.  


The Compliance Department will obtain information from Employees regarding any meetings with public company executives or representatives.  The Compliance Department maintains a log of these visits and will review trading for evidence of inside information for 10 business days following the meeting.   


Note that this policy does not cover ClariVests outside board members, who do not have the access or involvement described in the first sentence of this subsection.


What Information is Material?


Individuals may not be held liable for trading on inside information unless the information is material.  Information is generally viewed to be material where: (i) there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider the information important in making an investment decision; (ii) the disclosure of the information would be viewed by the reasonable investor as having significantly altered the total mix of information made available; or (iii) the disclosure of the information is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the market price of the security.  Advance knowledge of the following types of information is generally regarded as Material:


·

Dividend or earnings announcements

·

Write-downs or write-offs of assets

·

Additions to reserves for bad debts or contingent liabilities

·

Expansion or curtailment of company or major division operations

·

Merger, joint venture announcements

·

New product/service announcements

·

Discovery or research developments

·

Criminal, civil and government investigations and indictments

·

Pending labor disputes

·

Debt service or liquidity problems

·

Bankruptcy or insolvency problems

·

Tender offers, stock repurchase plans, etc.

·

Recapitalization


Information provided by a company could be material because of its expected effect on a particular class of a companys securities, all of the companys securities, the securities of another company, or the securities of several companies. The misuse of material Non-Public Information applies to all types of securities, including equity, debt, commercial paper, government securities and options.


Material Information does not have to relate to a companys business. For example, Material Information about the contents of an upcoming newspaper column may affect the price of a security, and therefore be considered material.


What Information is Non-Public?


In order for issues concerning inside trading to arise, information must not only be material, but also Non-Public.


Once material, Non-Public Information has been effectively distributed to the investing public, it is no longer classified as material, Non-Public Information. However, the distribution of Non-Public Information must occur through commonly recognized channels for the classification to change. In addition, the information must not only be publicly disclosed, there must be adequate time for the public to receive and digest the information. Lastly, Non-Public Information does not change to public information solely by selective dissemination.


Employees must be aware that even where there is no expectation of confidentiality, a person may become an insider upon receiving material, Non-Public Information. Whether the tip made to the Employee makes him/her a tippee depends on whether the corporate insider expects to benefit personally, either directly or indirectly, from the disclosure.


The benefit is not limited to a present or future monetary gain; it could be a reputational benefit or an expectation of a quid pro quo from the recipient by a gift of the information. Employees may also become insiders or tippees if they obtain material, Non-Public Information from acquaintances, at social gatherings, by overhearing conversations, etc.


Selective Disclosure


Employees must never disclose proposed/pending trades to any client or other individual/entity outside of ClariVest (other than the entity trading the security for ClariVest), except in connection with the transition of a clients funds into or out of a ClariVest strategy.  Additionally, ClariVest must be careful when disclosing the composition of Clients portfolios without obtaining consent from the Compliance Department.  Federal Securities Laws may specifically prohibit the dissemination of such information and doing so may be construed as a violation of ClariVests fiduciary duty to Clients.  Selectively disclosing the portfolio holdings of a clients portfolio to certain investors/outside parties may also be viewed as ClariVest engaging in a practice of favoritism.  Including information regarding Clients portfolio holdings in marketing materials and ClariVests website is subject to the Compliance Department's approval in accordance with ClariVests Marketing policy and procedures.  All inquiries that are received by Employees to disclose portfolio holdings must be reported to the Compliance Department before such holdings are provided.  In determining whether or not to approve the dissemination of holdings information, the Compliance Department will consider, among other things, how current the holdings information is.  However, in no case will the Compliance Department approve the dissemination of holdings information that is less than one (1) month old (except for limited holdings information (such as top-ten holdings) or information provided in connection with an upcoming account funding or transition, which may be disseminated before it is one (1) month old).  ClariVest may also maintain other practices applicable to holdings disclosure policies as agreed with clients.


ClariVest will provide Clients with certain information relating to the holdings or performance of their accounts, as requested.  All Clients are provided with the opportunity to request such information to ensure that no selective disclosure of such information has occurred.


Procedures to follow if an Employee Believes that he/she Possesses Material, Non-Public Information


If an Employee has questions as to whether they are in possession of material, Non-Public Information, they must inform the CCO as soon as possible. From this point, the Employee and CCO will conduct research to determine if the information is likely to be considered important to investors in making investment decisions, and whether the information has been publicly disseminated.


Given the severe penalties imposed on individuals and firms engaging in inside trading, Employees:


·

Shall not trade the securities of any company in which they are deemed insiders who may possess material, Non-Public Information about the company.

·

Shall not engage in personal securities transactions of any company, except in accordance with ClariVests Personal Security Transaction Policy and the securities laws.

·    Shall not discuss any potentially material, Non-Public Information with colleagues, except as specifically required by their position.

·

Shall not proceed with any trading, etc. of a company if they possess material, Non-Public Information about that company until the CCO informs the Employee of the appropriate course of action.


ClariVests Compliance Department (or its designee) will periodically review a sampling of employee emails and instant messages to look for evidence of violations of this policy.  If the Compliance Department locates evidence of such activity, the CCO will inform the President and CIOs and discuss the appropriate response.  The Compliance Department will maintain documentation regarding any such violations.


3.

Restrictions on spreading false or misleading rumors


Market events in 2008 highlighted the potential impact of false rumors on stock prices, and regulators including the SEC responded by reminding market participants that they are prohibited from intentionally spreading false rumors to impact the financial condition of an issuer.  


ClariVest Employees are prohibited from spreading rumors that they know are false or misleading with the intention of impacting a security price and/or profiting from its dissemination; for example, by shorting a stock and saying the company is in danger of collapse.  If an Employee obtains information that it believes may be false or misleading, the Employee will notify the CCO before conducting any trading based on that information.  


ClariVests Compliance Department (or its designee) will periodically review a sampling of Employee emails and instant messages to look for evidence of violations of this policy.  If the Compliance Department locates evidence of such activity, the CCO will inform the CIOs and discuss the appropriate response.  The Compliance Department will maintain documentation regarding any such violations.


4.

Outside Business Activities


Employees may, under certain circumstances, be granted permission to engage in outside business activities for unaffiliated organizations. These organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. Employees may also receive compensation for such activities.


Employees must request approval through the RJ Disclosure System prior to participating in an outside business activity.  Examples of outside business activities that must be disclosed and preapproved include:


·

Engaging in any activity or providing any service for which the individual receives compensation or benefits (direct or indirect), or where there is a reasonable expectation of receiving compensation/benefits;

·

Investment in real estate/property (whether or not it is a LP or LLC) that generates income - this may be a rental property, farm, future development.

·

Acting as, serving as, or being named as, as a control person (e.g., power of attorney, success trustee, executor named in will or trust) whether for an Immediate or non-immediate family member

·

Being an employee or independent contractor of any person, business or legal entity

·

Owning, operating, or engaging in a business venture independent of ClariVest

·

Founding or otherwise serving in a leadership capacity (e.g., director, officer, or board/committee/council member of an outside entity

·

Sponsoring or hosting charitable events, that are not directly related to an existing approved ClariVest/affiliate event or drive

·

Sponsoring or hosting political events, or soliciting contributions or donations for political causes

·

Holding, seeking election or appointment to a political or government office of any federal, state, municipal or local government; or

·     Serving as an officer, director, or board member of any legal entity;


In the above roles, an Employee may come into possession of material Non-Public Information about the outside company, or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between ClariVest and the outside organization, and that the Employee does not communicate such information to other Employees in violation of the information barrier.


Similarly, ClariVest may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In those circumstances, the Employee must not be involved in the decision to retain or hire the outside organization.


Employees are prohibited from engaging in the above outside business activities without prior approval. Requests for approval are to be submitted via the RJ Disclosure System.  Approval will be granted on a case by case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside business activities will be approved only if any conflict of interest issues can be satisfactorily resolved and all of the necessary disclosures are made on Part 2A of Form ADV.


5.          Diversion of Firm Business or Investment Opportunity


Except in their role as a dual employee of Eagle, no Employee may acquire, or receive personal gain or profit from, any business opportunity that comes to his or her attention as a result of his or her association with ClariVest and in which he or she knows ClariVest might be expected to participate or have an interest in participating, without disclosing in writing all necessary facts to the CCO, offering the particular opportunity to ClariVest, and obtaining written authorization to participate from the CCO.


Any personal or family interest of an Employee in any ClariVest business activity or transaction must be immediately disclosed to the CCO.  For example, if an Employee becomes aware that a transaction being considered or undertaken by ClariVest may benefit, either directly or indirectly, an Employee or a family member thereof, the Employee must immediately disclose this possibility to the CCO.


6.

 Loans


No Employee may borrow funds from or become indebted to a client of ClariVest, except with respect to customary personal loans (e.g., home mortgage loans, automobile loans, lines of credit, etc.), unless the arrangement is disclosed in writing and receives prior approval from the CCO.  No Employee may use ClariVests name, position in a particular market or goodwill to receive any benefit on loan transactions without the prior express written consent of the CCO.


7.

Dealings with Government and Industry Regulators


Please refer to ClariVests stand-alone Fraud and Corruption Prevention Policy for information regarding ClariVests policies and procedures addressing payments to government and industry regulators and others.


It is expected and required that all Employees fulfill their personal obligations to governmental and regulatory bodies.  Those obligations include the filing of appropriate federal, state and local tax returns, as well as the filing of any applicable forms or reports required by regulatory bodies.


All Employees are required to cooperate fully with management in connection with any internal or independent investigation and any claims, actions, arbitrations, litigations, investigations or inquiries brought by or against ClariVest.  


8.           Improper Use of ClariVest Property






No Employee may utilize the investment management property of ClariVest or utilize the services of ClariVest, its principals or Employees, for his or her personal benefit or the benefit of another person or entity (except in connection with ClariVests business), without approval of the CCO.  For this purpose, investment management property means both tangible and intangible property, including ClariVest funds, information, business plans, business opportunities, confidential research, intellectual property or proprietary processes, and ideas for new research or services.


Except for immaterial use, no Employee may utilize other property of ClariVest or utilize the services of ClariVest, its principals or Employees, for his or her personal benefit or the benefit of another person or entity, without approval of the CCO (except in connection with ClariVests business).  For this purpose, other property means both tangible and intangible property, including premises, equipment and supplies.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, certain employees of ClariVest, including the members of ClariVest's investment team and client service/marketing team, are dual employees of ClariVest and our affiliate Eagle.  As dual employees, these individuals perform services for both ClariVest and Eagle.  When they are performing services for ClariVest and its Clients, these employees are subject to the supervision and control of ClariVest.  When they are performing services for Eagle and its clients, these employees are subject to the supervision and control of Eagle.  


In performing services for Eagle and its clients, the investment team dual employees will be using property of ClariVest, including our investment processes, to manage certain products of Eagle.  ClariVest has approved of this use of our property, and will receive compensation from Eagle in connection therewith.  


Dual Employee policies and procedures

All dual employees of ClariVest and Eagle are subject to this Code of Ethics, including the personal trading restrictions set forth herein.


9.

Protection of ClariVests Name


Employees should at all times be aware that ClariVests name, reputation and credibility are valuable assets and must be safeguarded from any potential misuse.  Care should be exercised to avoid the unauthorized use of ClariVests name in any manner that could be misinterpreted to indicate a relationship between ClariVest and any other entity or activity.


10.       Employee Involvement in Litigation or Proceedings


Employees must notify the CCO immediately if they become involved in or threatened with litigation or an administrative investigation or proceeding of any kind, are subject to any judgment, order or arrest, or are contacted by any regulatory authority.  Employees must also notify the CCO immediately of changes to any disclosures in form U-4 or ADV Part 2B.


11.

Travel Expenses


Employees may charge against appropriate ClariVest accounts normal and reasonable travel and travel-related expenses incurred for a ClariVest business purpose.  Such expenses may include meals and incidentals, travel costs (air, train, etc.), lodging expenses, business phone calls and other miscellaneous travel related expenses.  When incurring such expenses, Employees must use reasonable judgment and generally be aware of escalating travel costs.  While ClariVest has not prescribed limits on such expenses, ClariVest may reiterate its policy with Employees as necessary.


ClariVest will pay for travel expenses (airline, hotel, meals and incidentals) related to Employees attendance at conferences, company visits, etc.  In the event that any such expenses are included as part of the event (i.e. a broker-dealer charters a jet for numerous investment firms, including ClariVest, to visit a company, etc.), ClariVest shall determine the reasonableness of such expenses and may choose to pproximate the value of such expenses and forward the third-party a reimbursement check.  ClariVest has adopted this policy in order to avoid any perceived conflict of interest associated with our relationships with outside service providers.


12.

Political Contributions


Policy Statement on Contributions

ClariVest complies with SEC Rule 206(4)-5 regarding pay-to-play practices by investment advisers.  ClariVest will not make any Contributions.  No Contributions may be made by Covered Associates without the prior approval of the Compliance Department.


Rule 206(4)-5(d) makes it unlawful for any investment adviser covered by the rule and its Covered Associates to do anything indirectly which, if done directly, would result in a violation of this section.  ClariVest will require its Covered Associates to certify annually that they have not done anything indirectly which, if done directly, would result in a violation of Rule 206(4)-5.


Political Contribution Review and Approval Forms

Before becoming an Employee, the prospective Employee must identify to the Compliance Department all relevant Contributions in the previous two years (these would include contributions by the Employee and its immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of Covered Associate).  The form of the Political Contribution Review Form is attached as Attachment C.  


Thereafter, each Covered Associate must complete a Form 1828 and receive authorization before any additional Contributions by a Covered Associate.  A Covered Associate may be given permission for Contributions totaling up to $350 per election to an Official for whom the individual is entitled to vote, and up to $150 per election to an Official for whom the individual is not entitled to vote, but approval on Form 1828 is required.  Contributions to political parties and political action committees will generally be approved, but approval of a Form 1828 is required.    Where an employee has a periodic, on-going contribution to a political action committee (for example, in the case of union dues where a portion of the dues go to a PAC), the employee will be required to obtain pre-approval of such periodic contributions at least annually and/or when he/she becomes aware that the dollar amount of the contribution as changed.


Annually, each Covered Associate must certify to ClariVest that (1) such Covered Associate has informed the members of his/her immediate family sharing the same household of the pay to play policies and procedures set forth in ClariVests Code of Ethics, (2) such Covered Associate (and its immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of Covered Associate) has complied with this policy, and (3) such Covered Associate (and its immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of Covered Associate) has requested and received all required approvals for each Contribution in the past year, or give ClariVest a report disclosing all Contributions made during that year.  These certifications are part of ClariVests annual Compliance Manual certification attached hereto.  


Contribution Approvals

No Contributions may be made without the prior written approval of the Compliance Department.  The Compliance Department will notify the Covered Associate of approval or denial of clearance to make a Contribution.  If a Covered Associate receives approval to make a Contribution, such Covered Associate must make that Contribution within the time period specified by the Compliance Department.  If the Contribution is not made within such time period, the Covered Associate must request approval again.  As set forth above, where a Covered Associate has a periodic, on-going contribution to a political action committee (for example, in the case of union dues where a portion of the dues go to a PAC), the Covered Associate will be required to obtain pre-approval of such periodic contributions at least annually and/or when he/she becomes aware that the dollar amount of the contribution as changed.


Review of Contributions





Compliance will review all Contributions made by its Covered Associates to monitor compliance with this policy.  ClariVest reserves the right to require a Covered Associate to cancel and request a reimbursement of, at the Covered Associates expense, any Contribution if ClariVest believes such Contribution might violate this policy or appears improper.  Except as required to enforce this policy or to participate in any investigation concerning violations of applicable law, ClariVest will keep all such information confidential.


Restrictions on Soliciting or Coordinating Contributions

ClariVest and its Covered Associates may not solicit or coordinate (1) Contributions for an Official of a Government Entity to which ClariVest is providing (or seeking to provide) advisory services or (2) any Contribution to a political party of a state or locality where ClariVest is providing or seeking to provide advisory services.  ClariVests Covered Associates must obtain pre-approval before they solicit or coordinate (1) Contributions for an Official of a Government Entity or (2) any Contribution to a political party of a state or locality.  Form 1828 must be submitted and approval received prior to participating in the solicitation or coordination of contributions.


Recordkeeping


ClariVests Compliance Department will keep records of:

·

ClariVests Covered Associates, including their name, title(s), and business and residence address (excluding the individuals set forth in part (d) of the definition of Covered Associate, as they are not covered by the SECs definition of covered associate)

·

All Government Entities that ClariVest has provided services to in the past five years (but not prior to September 13, 2010).  Starting September 13, 2011, this will include Government Entities that are investors in Covered Investment Pools  

·

All Contributions made to an Official of a Government Entity in chronological order (including the name and title of the contributor and recipient, the amount, the date, and whether the contribution was subject to rule 206(4)-5s exception for certain returned contributions)  

·

All Contributions made to a political party in chronological order (including the name and title of the contributor and recipient, the amount, the date, and whether the contribution was subject to rule 206(4)-5s exception for certain returned contributions)  

·

All Contributions made to a PAC in chronological order (including the name and title of the contributor and recipient, the amount, the date, and whether the contribution was subject to rule 206(4)-5s exception for certain returned contributions)  



13.

Social Networking


Although the SEC has not engaged in any formal rule-making with respect to the use of social networking websites by advisers, it is possible that the use of these sites could be deemed advertising depending on the content, context and recipient of the information disclosed on such a site.  ClariVest is adopting this policy to minimize the risk that the use of these sites could be deemed advertising by ClariVest.


Employees are not restricted from accessing social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or blogs from their work computers.  However, any access by Employees from their work computers should be limited to reasonable, immaterial use.  Moreover, use of social networking sites is subject to Raymond James Associate Handbook, including, without limitation, the Social Media Policy.


Unless otherwise approved in writing by the Compliance Department, Employees are prohibited from using social networking sites, blogs or bulletin boards to engage in marketing or advertising of ClariVests products or services.  Employees may not post any information on any social networking site, blog or bulletin board regarding ClariVest, its Clients or investments without pre-approval from the Compliance Department, other than the company name, the Employees title and employment dates, information contained on ClariVests website, and information contained in the Employees approved bio.  (An Employee may obtain a copy of their approved bio from the Compliance Department upon request.)  If an Employee would like to post any additional information regarding ClariVest, its Clients or investments on a social networking site, blog or bulletin board, they must obtain pre-approval from the Compliance Department before posting.  To be clear, Employees are not required to obtain pre-approval of their resumes before submitting them in a one-on-one communication with a prospective employer or job search firm.


Quarterly, the Compliance Department will request employee certification of compliance with this Social Networking policy.  Additionally, a member of the Compliance Department will periodically search Facebook  and LinkedIn for a sample of employee profiles and will review the information contained therein to confirm it complies with the foregoing policy.  


14.  

Disclosure


ClariVest shall describe its Code of Ethics in Part 2A of Form ADV and, upon request, furnish Clients with a copy of the Code of Ethics.


The requirement to report on issues to ClariVests Clients, including fund and ERISA Clients Boards, under this Code and securities regulations may include significant conflicts of interest that arise involving the personal investment policies, even if the conflicts have not resulted in a violation of this Code. For example, ClariVest may be required to report to a Clients Board if a Portfolio Manager is a director of a company whose securities are held by the clients portfolio.


If the CCO determines that a material violation of this Code has occurred, he or she shall promptly report the violation, and any enforcement action taken, to ClariVests senior management.  If ClariVests senior management determines that such material violation appears to involve a fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative act, ClariVest will report its findings to the funds Board of Directors or Trustees pursuant to Rule 17j-1.


Recordkeeping


ClariVest shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records shall be available for appropriate examination by representatives of regulatory authorities or ClariVests management.


·

A copy of this Code of Ethics and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

·

A record of any violation of this Code of Ethics and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

·

A record of all written acknowledgements (annual certifications) as required by the Manual for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, an Employee of ClariVest.

·

A copy of each report made pursuant to this Code of Ethics by an Employee, including any information provided in lieu of reports, shall be preserved by the Company for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

·

A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code of Ethics, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place;

·

The Company shall preserve a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition of any Limited Offering by Employees for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, the first two years in an easily accessible place.

·

[17j-1]

A copy of each finding presented to the Board of a fund shall be preserved by ClariVest for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the record is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place.




Responsibility


The CCO will be responsible for administering the Code of Ethics.  All questions regarding the policy should be directed to the CCO.  ClariVest shall provide the Code of Ethics and all amendments to all Employees, and such Employees must annually acknowledge in writing their receipt and understanding of the Code of Ethics and such amendments.


[17j-1] In the event a material change is made to the Personal Trading Policy of the Code of Ethics, the CCO shall inform the CCO of any fund which is a Client of such material change to enable the fund CCO to ensure that such material change is approved by such fund's Board no later than six months after adoption of the material change.








Attachment A

Quarterly Transaction Reporting Form

REPORTING EMPLOYEE NAME:___________________________________    FOR QUARTER END: _________________________________________

                                                                     

I certify all the information in the following form is true and I did not participate in any prohibited securities transaction per the Code of Ethics for the specified quarter.  

SIGNATURE:______________________________________________________    DATE: _________________________________________





Number of Shares

Security Name

Type (e.g., equity;

fixed income)

Ticker or

CUSIP

(if app.)

Principal Amount

Buy (acquire)/ Sell (dispose)

Interest rate/ maturity

Price

Date

Broker, Dealer or Bank




























































































In accordance with ClariVests Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all reportable securities transactions that have occurred during the previous calendar quarter in any account in which you maintain a pecuniary interest; provided that you are not required to report (1) transactions reflected in brokerage statements provided to the Compliance Department within 30 days of the end of the calendar quarter or (2) transactions for which you obtained pre-approval.

DELIVER TO THE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT WITHIN 30 DAYS OF THE END OF EACH CALENDAR QUARTER.

USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS IF NECESSARY.








Attachment C


Political Contribution Review Form


Prospective Employee

_______________________________________________ (PRINT NAME)


Information submitted current as of __________________________ (PRINT DATE)


In accordance with ClariVests Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all Contributions you (or your immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of Covered Associate) has made in the past 2 years.


Name and Title of Contributor

Name and Title (including any city/county/state or other political subdivision) of Recipient

Amount

Date

Entitled to Vote for Recipient?

[Compliance Use only] Subject to exception for certain returned contributions under Rule 206(4)-5(b)(3)?
















































































I certify that this form fully and accurately discloses all of the Contributions that I (or my immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of Covered Associate) have made in the past 2 years.



Reviewed by:  __________________________


Date of Review: ________________________


Exception(s) Noted:       ____No

      _____Yes


If Yes, Describe: ________________________

Signature

Date


Footnotes

1  

S.E.C. v. Capital Gains Research, Inc., 375 U.S. at 191-192 (1963).




 



Converted by EDGARwiz



CODE OF ETHICS


CAUSEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT TRUST


and  


CAUSEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC



I.  INTRODUCTION


A.

Standards of Conduct.  This Code of Ethics has been adopted by the Trust and the Adviser in compliance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act.  Capitalized terms used in this Code are defined in Appendix 1 to this Code.  All Appendixes referred to herein are attached to and are a part of this Code.


This Code is based on the principles that the trustees, managers, officers, and employees of the Trust and the Adviser have a fiduciary duty to the Trust and that the board of managers, officers, and employees of the Adviser or its parent holding company also have a fiduciary duty to the Advisers other clients.  Fiduciaries owe their clients duties of loyalty, honesty, good faith and fair dealing.  As fiduciaries, Covered Persons must at all times:


1.

Place the interests of the Funds and Private Accounts first.  Covered Persons must scrupulously avoid serving their own personal interests ahead of the interests of the Funds and Private Accounts.  Covered Persons may not induce or cause a Fund or Private Account to take action, or not to take action, for personal benefit, rather than for the benefit of the Fund or Private Account.  For example, a Covered Person would violate this Code by causing a Fund or Private Account to purchase a Security he or she owned for the purpose of increasing the price of that Security or by Market Timing Funds or Private Accounts.


2.

Avoid taking inappropriate advantage of their positions.  Covered Persons may not, for example, use their knowledge of portfolio transactions to profit by the market effect of such transactions.  Receipt of investment opportunities, perquisites, or gifts from persons seeking business with the Trust or the Adviser could call into question the exercise of a Covered Persons independent judgment.


3.

Conduct all personal Securities Transactions in full compliance with this Code including the reporting requirements.  All personal Securities Transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility.  Doubtful situations should be brought to the attention of the Compliance Officer (or a designee) and resolved in favor of the Funds and Private Accounts.


4.

Comply with all applicable federal securities laws.  Covered Persons must comply with all applicable federal securities laws.  It is prohibited for a Covered Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by the person of a Security held or to be acquired by a Fund or Private Account:


(i)

To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a Fund or Private Account;

(ii)  To make any untrue statement of a material fact to a Fund or Private Account or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to a Fund or Private Account, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

(iii)

To engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on a Fund or Private Account; or

(iv)

To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Fund or Private Account.


This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest, and literal compliance with each of its specific provisions will not act as a shield from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to Fund shareholders or Private Account clients.


Violations of the Code must be reported promptly to the Compliance Officer.  Failure to comply with the Code may result in sanctions, including termination of employment.


B.

Appendixes to the Code.  The Appendixes to this Code are attached to and are a part of the Code.  The Appendixes include the following:


1.

Definitions (Appendix 1),


2.

Contact Persons (Appendix 2),


3.

Certification of Compliance with Code of Ethics (Appendix 3 and 3-I),


a)

Personal Securities Holdings and Accounts Disclosure Form (Appendix 3-A)


4.

Form Letter to Broker, Dealer or Bank (Appendix 4).


5.

Report of Securities Transactions (Appendix 5)


6.

Initial Public Offering / Private Placement Clearance Form (Appendix 6)


C.

Application of the Code to Independent Fund Trustees.  The following provisions do not apply to Independent Fund Trustees and their Immediate Families.


1.

Personal Securities Transactions (Section II)

2.

Initial, Quarterly and Annual Holdings Reporting Requirements (Section III.A)


II.  PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS


A.

Prohibited Transactions.


1.

Prohibited Securities Transactions.  The following Securities Transactions are prohibited and will not be authorized by the Compliance Officer (or a designee) absent exceptional circumstances.  The prohibitions apply only to the categories of persons specified.


a.

Pending Buy or Sell Orders (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Any purchase or sale of Securities (except Funds) by Investment Personnel or Access Persons on any day during which any Fund or Private Account has a pending buy or sell order in the same Security (or Equivalent Security) until that order is executed or withdrawn.  This prohibition applies whether the Securities Transaction is in the same direction (e.g., two purchases) or the opposite direction (a purchase and sale) as the transaction of the Fund or Private Account.  See exemption in Section II.B.2.


b.

Seven-Day Blackout (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Purchases or sales of Securities (except Funds and registered open-end investment companies that are not ETFs) by Investment Personnel or Access Persons within seven calendar days before and after a purchase or sale of the same Securities (or Equivalent Securities) by any Fund or Private Account.  For example, if a Fund or Private Account trades a Security on day one, day eight is the first day any Investment Personnel or Access Persons may trade that Security (or Equivalent Security) for an account in which he or she has a beneficial interest.  This prohibition applies whether the Securities Transaction is in the same direction or the opposite direction as the transaction of the Fund or Private Account.  This prohibition also does not apply where a personal trade follows or precedes a Fund or Private Account trade to purchase or sell a basket of securities to invest cash or raise cash (e.g., program trades or cash equitization trades).  Investment Personnel and Access Persons may not cause a Fund or Private Account to refrain from trading in order to avoid the application of this prohibition.  See exemption in Section II.B.2.


c.

Intention to Buy or Sell for a Fund or Private Account (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Purchases or sales of Securities (except Funds) by an Access Person or Investment Person at a time when that Access Person or Investment Person intends, or knows of anothers intention, to purchase or sell that Security (or an Equivalent Security) on behalf of a Fund or Private Account.  This prohibition also applies whether the Securities Transaction is in the same direction or the opposite direction as the transaction of the Fund or Private Account.  This prohibition does not apply with respect to Fund or Private Account trades to purchase or sell a basket of securities to invest cash or raise cash (e.g., program trades or cash equitization trades).


d.

Sixty Day Short-Term Trading Profit Restriction (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Investment Personnel are prohibited from profiting from any purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of a Security or Equivalent Security within sixty calendar days.  All Access Persons are prohibited from profiting from any purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of a Fund or Private Account within sixty calendar days.


e.

Restricted List (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Investment Personnel and Access Persons are prohibited from purchases or sales of Securities on the Advisers Restricted List, if any.


f.

Holdings Restriction (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Investment Personnel and Access Persons are prohibited from purchasing Securities or Equivalent Securities (except Funds and ETFs) currently held or sold short by any Fund or Private Account.


g.

Excessive Trading (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Excessive trading is strongly discouraged.  Excessive trading means trading with a frequency that potentially imposes an administrative burden on the Compliance department, interferes with regular job duties, or adversely affects clients, as determined by the Compliance Officer in his or her discretion.  In general, any Access Person requesting preclearance for more than 10 Securities Transactions in a month should expect additional scrutiny regarding his or her trades.  The Compliance Officer or a designee monitors trading activity, and may report such activity to Adviser management and/or limit the number of Securities Transactions by an Access Person during a given period.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, this rule does not apply to Securities Transactions in an account that is managed by a broker or adviser with discretionary authority over the account.


2.

Always Prohibited Securities Transactions.  The following Securities Transactions for Funds or Private Accounts are prohibited for all Access Persons and Investment Persons and will not be authorized under any circumstances.


a.

Inside Information.  Any transaction in a Security while in possession of material nonpublic information regarding the Security or the issuer of the Security.  For more detailed information, see the Advisers Insider Trading Policy in its Compliance Policies and Procedures.


b.

Market Manipulation.  Transactions intended to raise, lower, or maintain the price of any Security or to create a false appearance of active trading.


c.

Others.  Any other transactions deemed by the Compliance Officer (or a designee) to involve a conflict of interest, possible diversions of a corporate opportunity, an appearance of impropriety, or an administrative burden, or determined by the Compliance Officer (or designee) in his or her discretion to be prohibited for any other reason.


3.

Initial Public Offerings (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Any purchase of Securities by Investment Personnel or Access Persons in an initial public offering (other than a new offering of a registered open-end investment company) or purchase of cryptocurrency tokens or Initial Coin Offerings (which may be analogous to IPOs) is only permitted if the Compliance Officer grants permission in advance after considering, among other facts, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Fund or Private Account and whether the opportunity is being offered to the person by virtue of the persons position as an Investment Person or Access Person.  If authorized, the Compliance Officer will maintain a record of the reasons for such authorization (see Appendix 6).


4.

Private Placements (Investment Personnel and Access Persons).  Acquisition of Beneficial Interests in Securities in a Private Placement by Investment Personnel or Access Persons is only permitted if the Compliance Officer (or a designee) grants permission in advance after considering, among other facts, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Fund or Private Account and whether the opportunity is being offered to the person by virtue of the persons position as an Investment Person or Access Person.  If a Private Placement transaction is permitted, the Compliance Officer will maintain a record of the reasons for such approval (see Appendix 6).  Investment Personnel who have acquired securities in a Private Placement are required to disclose that investment to the Compliance Officer when they play a part in any subsequent consideration of an investment in the issuer by a Fund or Private Account, and the decision to purchase securities of the issuer by a Fund or Private Account must be independently authorized by a Portfolio Manager with no personal interest in the issuer.


B.

Exemptions.


1.

The following Securities Transactions are exempt from the restrictions set forth in Section II.A.


a.

Mutual Funds.  Securities issued by any registered open-end investment companies (excluding Funds and mutual fund clients for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser or subadviser and ETFs);


b.

No Knowledge.  Securities Transactions where neither the Access Person nor Investment Person nor an Immediate Family member knows of the transaction before it is completed (for example, Securities Transactions effected for an Access Person or Investment Person by a trustee of a blind trust or by an automated or robo adviser without Access Person or Investment Person input or approval, or discretionary trades involving an investment partnership or investment club in which the Access Person or Investment Person is neither consulted nor advised of the trade before it is executed);


c.

Certain Corporate Actions.  Any acquisition of Securities through stock dividends, dividend reinvestments, stock splits, reverse stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally applicable to all holders of the same class of Securities;


d.

Rights.  Any acquisition of Securities through the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the extent the rights were acquired in the issue;


e.

Charities and Inheritances.  Any disposition of Securities (or Equivalent Securities) donated or transferred to charitable or similar organizations, or any acquisition of Securities (or Equivalent Securities) through inheritance or similar estate transfer processes.  This exception does not apply to a donation where the Access Person or Investment Person knows that the recipient will immediately sell the Securities (or Equivalent Securities).  


f.

Miscellaneous.  Any transaction in the following:  (1) bankers acceptances, (2) bank certificates of deposit, (3) commercial paper, (4) high quality short-term debt, including repurchase agreements, (5) Securities that are direct obligations of the U.S. Government, (6) municipal bonds, and (7) other Securities as may from time to time be designated in writing by the Compliance Officer on the grounds that the risk of abuse is minimal or non-existent.


2.

Personal Transactions in Securities that also are being purchased, sold or held by a Fund or Private Account are exempt from the prohibitions of Sections II.A.1. a and b if the Investment Person or Access Person does not, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, make, participate in, or obtain information regarding the purchase or sale of Securities by that Fund or Private Account.


3.

Application to Commodities, Futures, Options on Futures and Options on Broad-Based Indexes.  Commodities, futures (including currency futures and futures on securities comprising part of a broad-based, publicly traded market based index of stocks, but not including futures on single securities) and options on futures and options on broad-based indexes are not subject to the prohibited transaction provisions of Section II.A., but are subject to the Codes transaction reporting requirements.


4.

Application to Currencies and Cryptocurrencies.  Currencies, such as US Dollars or euros, are not Securities and are not subject to the Code.  Similarly, cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, which are a virtual or digital representation of value, are not Securities and are not subject to the Code.  However, purchases of cryptocurrency tokens and ICOs are subject to preclearance, and, depending on the instrument, derivatives on tokens are subject to preclearance.  



III.  REPORTING AND PRECLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS


A.

Reporting and Preclearance Requirements for Access Persons and Investment Personnel


1.

Preclearance Procedures.  Access Persons and Investment Persons must obtain approval from the Compliance Officer prior to entering into any Securities Transactions (including IPOs and Private Placements) or purchases or sales of cryptocurrency tokens or ICOs (which are subject to the same procedures as Securities Transactions below), except that preclearance is not required for the exempt Securities Transactions set forth in Section II.B or for Securities Transactions in Funds or federal Thrift Savings Plan funds.  An Access Persons or Investment Persons first failure to preclear a Securities Transaction within a five year period will not be considered a violation and will receive a warning, unless the Securities Transaction involves a violation of the prohibitions of Section II.A.  Access Persons and Investment Persons may preclear Securities Transactions only where they have a present intent to transact in the Security.


To preclear a Securities Transaction, an Access Person or Investment Person shall communicate his or her request to the Compliance Officer, either through the automated preclearance system or a manual process, and provide the following information:


a)

Issuer name;

b)

Type of security (stock, bond, note, etc.); and

c)

Nature of transaction (purchase or sale).


Approval of a Securities Transaction, once given, is effective only for two business days or until the employee discovers that the information provided at the time the transaction was approved is no longer accurate, whichever is shorter.


2.

Initial Holdings and Accounts Report.  Every Access Person and Investment Person must submit within 10 days of becoming an Access Person or Investment Person an Initial Holdings and Accounts Report (see Appendix 3-A) to the Compliance Officer listing all Securities accounts and Securities that he or she holds in such accounts in which that Access Person or Investment Person (or Immediate Family member) has a Beneficial Interest.  The information in the Initial Holdings and Accounts Report must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person or Investment Person.


3.

Quarterly Reporting Requirements.  Every Access Person and Investment Person (and Immediate Family member) must arrange for the Compliance Officer or a designee to receive directly from any broker, dealer, or bank that effects any Securities Transaction, duplicate copies of each confirmation for each such transaction and periodic statements for each brokerage account in which such Access Person or Investment Person (and Immediate Family member) has a Beneficial Interest.  Attached hereto as Appendix 4 is a form of letter that may be used to request such documents from such entities.  All copies must be received no later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter.  Each confirmation or statement must disclose the following information:


a)

the date of the transaction;

b)

the title (and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, as applicable);

c)  the number of shares and principal amount;

d)

the nature of the transaction (e.g., purchase or sale);

e)

the price of the Security; and

f)

the name of the broker, dealer or bank through which the trade was effected.


If an Access Person or Investment Person (or Immediate Family member) is not able to arrange for duplicate confirmations and periodic statements to be sent that contain the information required above, or if a transaction is consummated without an intermediary, he or she must submit a quarterly transaction report (see Appendix 5) within 30 days after the completion of each calendar quarter to the Compliance Officer or a designee.


4.

Every Access Person or Investment Person who establishes a Securities account during the quarter in which that Access Person or Investment Person (or Immediate Family member) has a Beneficial Interest must submit an Account Report (see Appendix 5) to the Compliance Officer or a designee.  This report must be submitted to the Compliance Officer or a designee within 30 days after the completion of each calendar quarter.


5.

Annual Holdings and Accounts Report.  Every Access Person and Investment Person must annually submit an Annual Holdings and Accounts Report (see Appendix 3-A) listing all Securities accounts and Securities in which that Access Person or Investment Person (or Immediate Family member) has a Beneficial Interest.  The information in the Annual Holdings Report must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted.


6.

An Access Person or Investment Person is not required to report Securities accounts that may only hold open-end mutual funds (except ETFs); however, an Access Person or Investment Person is required to report Securities accounts that are permitted to hold other Securities or ETFs even if the Securities account does not currently hold other Securities or ETFs.


B.

Reporting Requirements for Independent Fund Trustees


Each Independent Fund Trustee (and his or her Immediate Family) must report to the Compliance Officer or a designee any trade in a Security by any account in which the Independent Fund Trustee has any Beneficial Interest if the Independent Fund Trustee knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her duty as a Trustee of the Trust, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction in a Security by the Trustee such Security (or an Equivalent Security) was or would be purchased or sold by a Fund or such purchase or sale by a Fund was or would be considered by the Fund, except with respect to purchases or sales of a basket of securities to invest cash or raise cash (e.g., program trades or cash equitization trades).  Independent Fund Trustees who need to report such transactions should refer to the procedures outlined in Section III.A.2.


C.

Exemptions, Disclaimers and Availability of Reports


1.

Exemptions.


(a)

A Securities Transaction involving the following circumstances or Securities is exempt from the reporting requirements discussed above:  (1) neither the Access Person or Investment Person nor an Immediate Family member had any direct or indirect influence or control over the transaction; (2) Securities directly issued by the U.S. Government; (3) bankers acceptances; (4) bank certificates of deposit; (5) commercial paper; (6) high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; and (7) shares issued by open-end mutual funds (excluding Funds and mutual fund clients for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser or subadviser and ETFs).


(b)

An Access Person or Investment Person shall not be required to make a transaction report under Section III.A. to the extent that information in the report would duplicate information recorded by the Adviser pursuant to Rule 204-2(a)(13) of the Advisers Act.  


(c)

With respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan, Access Persons and Investment Persons need not make quarterly transaction reports under Section III.A.


2.

Disclaimers.  Any report of a Securities Transaction for the benefit of a person other than the individual in whose account the transaction is placed may contain a statement that the report should not be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Security to which the report relates.


3.

Availability of Reports.  All information supplied pursuant to this Code may be made available for inspection to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, the management of the Adviser, the Compliance Officer, any party to which any investigation is referred by any of the foregoing, the SEC, any self-regulatory organization of which the Adviser is a member, any state securities commission or regulator, and any attorney or agent of the foregoing or of the Trust.  Information supplied pursuant to this Code may also be maintained by a third-party vendor engaged by the Adviser to facilitate administration of the Code, provided the vendor has agreed to maintain the confidentiality of such information.


IV.  FIDUCIARY DUTIES


A.

Confidentiality.  Covered Persons are prohibited from revealing information relating to the investment intentions or activities of the Funds or Private Accounts except to persons whose responsibilities require knowledge of the information.


B.

Corporate Opportunities.  Access Persons and Investment Persons may not take personal advantage of any opportunity properly belonging to the Funds or Private Accounts.  This includes, but is not limited to, acquiring Securities for ones own account that would otherwise be acquired for a Fund or Private Account.


C.

Undue Influence.  Covered Persons may not cause or attempt to cause any Fund or Private Account to purchase, sell or hold any Security in a manner calculated to create any personal benefit to the Covered Person.  If a Covered Person (or Immediate Family member) stands to benefit materially from an investment decision for a Fund or Private Account which the Covered Person is recommending or participating in, the Covered Person must disclose to those persons with authority to make investment decisions for the Fund or Private Account (or, if the Covered Person in question is a person with authority to make investment decisions for the Fund or Private Account, to the Compliance Officer) any Beneficial Interest that the Covered Person (or Immediate Family member) has in that Security or an Equivalent Security, or in the issuer thereof, where the decision could create a material benefit to the Covered Person (or Immediate Family member) or the appearance of impropriety.  The person to whom the Covered Person reports the interest, in consultation with the Compliance Officer, must determine whether or not the Covered Person will be restricted in making investment decisions.




 


V.  COMPLIANCE WITH THIS CODE OF ETHICS


A.

Compliance Officer Review


1.

Monitoring of Personal Securities Transactions.  The Compliance Officer or a designee will review personal Securities Transactions and holdings reports made pursuant to Section III.


2.

Investigating Violations of the Code.  The Compliance Officer will investigate any suspected violation of the Code and report the results of each investigation to the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser.  The Chief Operating Officer together with the Compliance Officer will review the results of any investigation of any reported or suspected violation of the Code.


3.

Annual Reports.  At least annually, the Compliance Officer must furnish to the Trusts Board of Trustees, and the Board of Trustees must consider, a written report that (1) describes any issues arising under this Code or procedures since the last report to the Board of Trustees, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations, and (2) certifies that the Fund and the Adviser have adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Covered Persons from violating the Code.


B.

Remedies


1.

Sanctions.  If the Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser determine that a Covered Person has committed a violation of the Code following a report of the Compliance Officer, the Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser may impose sanctions and take other actions as they deem appropriate, including a letter of caution,  suspension of personal trading rights, suspension of employment (with or without compensation), fine, civil referral to the SEC, criminal referral, and termination of the employment of the violator for cause.  Absent exceptional circumstances, an Access Persons first violation of the Code within a five year period would result in a 30-day suspension of personal trading privileges, a second violation within a five year period would result in a 90-day suspension of personal trading privileges, and a third violation within a five year period would result in a 2-year suspension of trading privileges.  For these purposes, violations would be measured from the date the violation occurred and include, for accumulation purposes, past violations.  A suspension of trading privileges would generally entail a prohibition from purchasing Securities, but would not prohibit purchases of registered open-end investment companies and would not prohibit sales of Securities or purchases of Securities to cover short positions.      


The Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser also may require the Covered Person to reverse the trade(s) in question and forfeit any profit or absorb any loss derived therefrom.  The amount of profit shall be calculated by the Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser.  Such profit and any other monetary fine imposed hereunder shall be paid by the Covered Person to the Adviser and forwarded by the Adviser to a charitable organization selected by the Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser.  The Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser may not review his or her own transaction.


2.

Sole Authority.  The Compliance Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser have sole authority, subject to the review set forth in Section V.B.1 above, to determine the remedy for any violation of the Code, including appropriate disposition of any monies forfeited pursuant to this provision.  Failure to promptly abide by a directive to reverse a trade or forfeit profits may result in the imposition of additional sanctions.


C.

Exceptions to the Code.  Exceptions to the Code will rarely, if ever, be granted.  The Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to the requirements of the Code on a case by case basis if the Compliance Officer finds that the proposed conduct involves negligible opportunity for abuse, or upon a showing by the employee that he or she would suffer extreme financial hardship should an exception not be granted.  Should the subject of the exception request involve a Securities Transaction, a change in the employees investment objectives, tax strategies, or special new investment opportunities would not constitute acceptable reasons for an exception.  Any exceptions granted must be in writing.


D.

Compliance Certification.  The Adviser shall provide each Covered Person with a copy of the Code of Ethics and any amendments.  Each Access Person and Investment Person shall certify that he or she has received, read and understands the Code and any amendments by executing the Certification of Compliance with the Code of Ethics form (see Appendix 3).  In addition, on an annual basis, all Access Persons and Investment Persons will be required to re-certify on such form (see Appendix 3) that they have read and understand the Code and any amendments, that they have complied with the requirements of the Code, and that they have reported all Securities Transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code.  Independent Fund Trustees and members of the board of managers of the Advisers parent holding company should complete Appendix 3-I only.


E.

Inquiries Regarding the Code.  The Compliance Officer will answer any questions about the Code or any other compliance-related matters.


DATED:  April 25, 2005

REVISED:  November 1, 2005; January 30, 2006; January 28, 2008; February 1, 2010; August 2, 2010; August 10, 2010; July 1, 2013; June 30, 2015; June 30, 2016; December 29, 2017; June 29, 2018; June 3, 2019; June 30, 2020; October 1, 2020; June 30, 2021







 


Appendix 1


DEFINITIONS


1940 Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


Access Person means any officer, general partner or Advisory Person of the Trust, the Adviser, or Causeway (Shanghai) Information Consulting Co., Ltd.; provided, that the employees of SEI Investments Global Funds Services and its affiliates (collectively, SEI) shall not be deemed to be Access Persons as their trading activity is covered by the Code of Ethics adopted by SEI in compliance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act.  Unless otherwise determined by the Compliance Officer in writing, Independent Fund Trustees and members of the board of managers of the Advisers parent holding company who are not Advisory Persons are deemed not to be Access Persons under this Code on the grounds that they do not have regular access to information or recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of Securities by Funds or Private Accounts and the risk of abuse is deemed minimal.


Adviser means Causeway Capital Management LLC.


Advisers Act means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.


Advisory Person means


(1) any trustee, member of the board of managers of the Advisers parent holding company, or officer, general partner or employee of the Adviser, Causeway (Shanghai) Information Consulting Co., Ltd., or the Trust (or of any company in a Control relationship with any of such companies) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains or has access to information regarding the purchase or sale of Securities by, or the nonpublic portfolio holdings of, the Funds or Private Accounts, or has access to or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales, and


(2) any natural person in a Control relationship to the Trust or the Adviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Funds or Private Accounts with respect to the purchase or sale of Securities by the Funds or Private Accounts.


Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation.  An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.


Beneficial Interest means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, to profit, or share in any profit derived from, a transaction in the subject Securities.  A Covered Person is deemed to have a Beneficial Interest in Securities owned by members of his or her Immediate Family.  Common examples of Beneficial Interest include joint accounts, spousal accounts, UTMA accounts, partnerships, trusts and controlling interests in corporations.  Any uncertainty as to whether a Covered Person has a Beneficial Interest in a Security should be brought to the attention of the Compliance Officer.  Such questions will be resolved in accordance with, and this definition shall be subject to, the definition of beneficial owner found in Rules 16a-1(a)(2) and (5) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


Code means this Code of Ethics, as it may be amended from time to time.

 

              “Compliance Officer means the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser and the Trust and the persons designated in Appendix 2, as such Appendix shall be amended from time to time.


Control shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.


Covered Person means any Access Person, Investment Person, Independent Fund Trustee, member of the board of managers of the Advisers parent holding company, or member, officer or employee of the Adviser, Causeway (Shanghai) Information Consulting Co., Ltd., or the Advisers parent holding company (or of any company in a Control relationship with any of such companies).


Equivalent Security means any Security issued by the same entity as the issuer of a subject Security, including options, rights, stock appreciation rights, warrants, preferred stock, restricted stock, phantom stock, futures on single securities, bonds, and other obligations of that company or security otherwise convertible into that security.  Options on securities and futures on single securities are included even if, technically, they are issued by the Options Clearing Corporation, a futures clearing authority, or a similar entity.


ETF means exchange-traded fund.


Fund means a portfolio of the Trust.


Immediate Family of a person means any of the following persons who reside in the same household as such person:


child

grandparent

son-in-law

stepchild

spouse

daughter-in-law

grandchild

sibling

brother-in-law

parent

mother-in-law

sister-in-law

stepparent

father-in-law


Immediate Family includes adoptive relationships and any other relationship (whether or not recognized by law) which the Compliance Officer determines could lead to the possible conflicts of interest, diversions of corporate opportunity, or appearances of impropriety which this Code is intended to prevent.


Independent Fund Trustee means a trustee of the Trust who is not an interested person as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.


Initial Coin Offering or ICO, which may also be referred to as a token offering, is similar to an IPO and used to raise capital, often providing the buyer certain rights once issued.


Initial Public Offering or IPO is an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 by an issuer who immediately before the registration of such securities was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


Investment Personnel and Investment Person mean (1) employees of the Adviser, Causeway (Shanghai) Information Consulting Co., Ltd., or the Trust (or of any company in a Control relationship with any of such companies) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of Securities, or (2) any natural person who Controls the Adviser or the Trust and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Funds or Private Accounts regarding the purchase and sale of Securities by the Funds or Private Accounts.  References to Investment Personnel include without limitation Portfolio Managers.


Market Timing means transactions deemed by the Compliance Officer to constitute the short-term buying and selling of shares of Funds or Private Accounts to exploit pricing inefficiencies.


Portfolio Manager means a person who has or shares principal day-to-day responsibility for managing the portfolio of a Fund or Private Account.


Private Account means the portion of a portfolio of a private client or mutual fund client for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser or subadviser.


Private Placement means a limited offering exempt from registration pursuant to Rules 504, 505 or 506 or under Section 4(2) or 4(6) of the Securities Act of 1933.


Restricted List means the list of companies maintained by the Compliance Officer about which the Adviser or its affiliates potentially possess material nonpublic information.


SEC means the Securities and Exchange Commission.


"Security" means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act or Section 202(a)(18) of the Advisers Act, including, but not limited to, stock, notes, bonds, debentures, and other evidences of indebtedness (including loan participations and assignments), limited partnership interests, investment contracts, and all derivative instruments of the foregoing, such as options and warrants.  Security does not include futures and options on futures (except for single security futures and options on futures), but the purchase and sale of such instruments are nevertheless subject to the reporting requirements of the Code.  Security also does not include currencies or cryptocurrencies, but the purchase and sale of ICOs and tokens are nevertheless subject to the reporting requirements of the Code.


Securities Transaction means a purchase or sale of Securities in which a person (or Immediate Family member of such person) has or acquires a Beneficial Interest.


Trust means Causeway Capital Management Trust, an investment company registered under the 1940 Act for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser.





 


Appendix 2



CONTACT PERSONS



COMPLIANCE OFFICER


1.

Kurt J. Decko, Chief Compliance Officer/General Counsel

2.

Nicolas Chang, Senior Compliance Officer

3.

Kevin Hu, Compliance Officer



No Compliance Officer is permitted to preclear or review his/her own transactions or reports under this Code.








Appendix 3


CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH CODE OF ETHICS




I acknowledge that I have received the Code of Ethics dated June 30, 2021, and certify that:


1.

I have read the Code of Ethics and any amendments and I understand that it applies to me and to all accounts in which I or a member of my Immediate Family has any Beneficial Interest.


2.

In accordance with Section III.A of the Code of Ethics, I will report or have reported all Securities Transactions in which I have, or a member of my Immediate Family has, a Beneficial Interest, except for transactions exempt from reporting under Section III.C.


3.

I have listed on Appendix 3-A of this form all accounts and securities in which I have, or any member of my Immediate Family has, any Beneficial Interest.


4.

I will comply or have complied with the Code of Ethics in all other respects.


5.

I agree to disgorge and forfeit any profits on prohibited transactions in accordance with the requirements of the Code of Ethics.




_____________________________________

Access Persons/Investment Persons Signature



_____________________________________

Print Name

Date:____________________










Appendix 3-A


PERSONAL SECURITIES HOLDINGS and ACCOUNTS DISCLOSURE FORM

(for use as an Initial or Annual Holdings and Accounts Report)


Pursuant to Section III.A.1 or III.A.3 of the Code of Ethics, please list all Securities accounts and, if not included in a listed Securities account, all Securities holdings in which you or your Immediate Family member has a Beneficial Interest.  You do not need to list those Securities that are exempt pursuant to Section III.C.


Is this an Initial or Annual Report?

____________________________


Name of Access Person/Investment Person:

____________________________


Name of Account Holder(s):

____________________________


Relationship to Access Person/Investment Person:

____________________________


SECURITIES ACCOUNTS:


Account Name

Account Number

Name of Broker/Dealer/Bank

1.



2.



3.



4.



(Include additional rows as necessary)


SECURITIES HOLDINGS:


List below Securities held other than in a Securities account listed above :


Title and type of Security (and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number)


No. of Shares/Units (if applicable)

Principal Amount

Name of Broker/Dealer/Bank (if any)

1.





2.





3.

4.

5.




(Attach separate sheets as necessary)


I certify that this Report constitutes all the Securities accounts and Securities that must be reported pursuant to this Code.


____________________________________

Access Person/Investment Person Signature


____________________________________

__________________________

Print Name

Date







Appendix 3-I


CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH CODE OF ETHICS

(Independent Fund Trustees

and

members of the board of managers of the Advisers parent holding company)



I acknowledge that I have received the Code of Ethics dated June 30, 2021, and certify that:


1.

I have read the Code of Ethics and any amendments, and I understand that it applies to me and to all accounts in which I or a member of my Immediate Family has any Beneficial Interest.


2.

I will report or have reported all Securities Transactions required to be reported under Section III.B of the Code in which I have, or a member of my Immediate Family has, a Beneficial Interest (Independent Fund Trustees only).


3.

I will comply or have complied with applicable provisions of the Code of Ethics in all other respects.






______________________________

Independent Fund Trustee/Manager Signature



______________________________

Print Name



Date:__________________







 


Appendix 4



Form of Letter to Broker, Dealer or Bank




<Date>



<Broker Name and Address>


Subject:

Account # _________________


Dear ________________:


Causeway Capital Management LLC (Adviser), my employer, is a registered investment adviser.  In connection with the Code of Ethics adopted by the Adviser, I am required to request that you send duplicate confirmations of individual transactions as well as duplicate periodic statements for the referenced account to my employer.  Please note that the confirmations and/or periodic statements must disclose the following information:


1)

date of the transaction;

2)

the title of the security (including exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, as applicable);

3)

the number of shares and principal amount;

4)

the nature of the transaction (e.g., purchase or sale);

5)

the price of the security; and

6)

the name of the firm effecting the trade.


If you are unable to provide this information, please let me know immediately.  Otherwise, please address the confirmations and statements directly to:


<address>

Your cooperation is most appreciated.  If you have any questions regarding these requests, please contact me or the Advisers Chief Compliance Officer/General Counsel, Kurt J. Decko at (310) 231-6100.


Sincerely,



<Name of Access Person/Investment Person>






Appendix 5



REPORT OF SECURITY TRANSACTIONS

FOR QUARTER ENDED



Investment Persons and Access Persons:  You do not need to report transactions in 1) direct obligations of the U.S. Government, 2) bankers acceptances, bank CDs, commercial paper, high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements, 3) shares of an open-end investment company (excluding Funds and mutual fund clients for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser or subadviser and ETFs), 4) transactions for which you had no direct or indirect influence or control; and 5) transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan.


Independent Fund Trustees: If you are an Independent Fund Trustee, then you only need to report a transaction if you, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling your official duties as a Trustee to the Trust, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately before or after your transaction in a Security:


1)

a Fund purchased or sold such Security or

2)

a Fund or the Adviser considered purchasing or selling such Security.


Note that purchases or sales of a basket of securities by a Fund to invest cash or raise cash (e.g., program trades or cash equitization trades) do not trigger a reporting obligation.


Disclose all Securities Transactions for the period covered by this report:



Title of
Security*


Number
Shares


Date of

Transaction

Price at
Which
Effected


Principal Amount


Bought
or Sold


Name of
Broker/Dealer/Bank


















































* Please disclose the interest rate or maturity date and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, as applicable.



Did you establish any securities accounts during the period covered by this report?  ___ Yes  ___ No


If Yes, please complete the following:



Name of Broker

Date of

Account Opening


Account Number













____ The above is a record of every Securities Transaction or account opened which I had, or in which I acquired, any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest during the period indicated above.


____ I certify that the Compliance Officer has received confirmations or account statements pertaining to all Securities Transactions executed that disclose the information required above, and has received notice of any accounts opened, during the period covered by this report.


____ I have nothing to report for the period covered by this report.




Date:  

Signature:  






Appendix 6


INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING / PRIVATE PLACEMENT

CLEARANCE FORM

(for the use of the Compliance Officer only)


The Code for the Trust and the Adviser prohibits any acquisition of Securities in an Initial Public Offering (other than shares of open-end investment companies) and Private Placement by any Investment Person or Access Person unless permitted by the Compliance Officer.  In these instances, a record of the rationale supporting the approval of such transactions must be completed and retained for a period of five years after the end of the fiscal year in which approval is granted.  This form should be used for such recordkeeping purposes; the Compliance Officers signature on an appropriate preclearance form for such securities also shall suffice for record keeping purposes.




Name:

_________________________________


Date of Request

_________________________________


Name of IPO / Private Placement:

_________________________________


Date of Offering:

_________________________________


Number of Shares/Interests

_________________________________


Price:

_________________________________


Name of Broker/Dealer/Bank

_________________________________



___

I have cleared the IPO / Private Placement transaction described above.


Reasons supporting the decision to approve the above transaction:








____________________________________

Name of Compliance Officer



____________________________________

Signature of Compliance Officer


____________________________________

Date






Converted by EDGARwiz








[GW&K logo]






          COMPLIANCE MANUAL

GW&K Investment Management, LLC December 2020
























This Compliance Policy Manual contains proprietary information of GW&K Investment Management and may not be publicly distributed or disseminated without consent of GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department.










Table of Contents GW&K Compliance Manual Overview

Trading

·

Best Execution

·

Allocation of Investment Opportunities

·

Cross Trades

·

Soft Dollars and Commission Sharing Arrangements

·

Directed Brokerage

·

Error Correction

·

Insider Trading


Personal Trading and Conflicts of Interest

·

Code of Ethics

·

Political Contributions and Restricted Payments


Disclosures to the Public

·

Disclosure and Regulatory Reporting


Safeguarding of Client Information and Assets

·

Custody

·

Privacy

·

MA Written Information Security Plan

·

Identity Theft Red Flags

·

Cybersecurity

·

Information Technology End User


Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

·

Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery


Books and Records Retention

·

Books and Records

·

Electronic Communication


Marketing

·

Marketing Material Review

·

Solicitation Agreements

·

Press and Media Relations

·

Social Media


Valuation of Client Holdings and Client Billing

·

Valuation and Client Billing


Client Accounts

·

Proxy Voting

·

Advisory Contracts

·

Anti-Money Laundering

·

Client Complaints

·

Class Actions and Legal Proceedings

·

ERISA







  

Compliance Manual


December 2020



Overview


GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”, “Firm”) provides active equity and fixed income investment solutions to meet the needs of a diverse client base. The firm has been in business since 1974 and serves as an investment adviser or subadviser to private or high net worth clients, estates, pension and profit-sharing plans, charitable foundations, endowments, corporations, private funds, mutual funds, UCITS funds, collective trusts and other entities. GW&K’s headquarters is located in Boston, Massachusetts with additional offices located in Winter Park, Florida and New York, New York.


As an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, GW&K has adopted this Compliance Manual in accordance with Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. GW&K believes the policies and procedures set forth in this Compliance Manual are adequate, effective in their implementation and reasonably designed to prevent and detect violations of applicable securities laws.


GW&K strives to maintain a culture that promotes compliance and risk awareness and encourages employees to conduct business with honesty and integrity. GW&K’s Compliance Program begins with a paramount principle; GW&K and each of its employees serves as a fiduciary to its clients. The Firm’s approach to compliance embraces this fiduciary responsibility and seeks to reinforce it through the engagement of all employees as active facilitators of compliance, as well as through the adoption of specific policies and procedures. It is the role and the responsibility of all GW&K employees to understand firm-wide policies and procedures, including those maintained in this Compliance Manual, and as applicable to their role within the Firm.


GW&K’s Legal and Compliance team is responsible for providing employees access to the Firm’s Compliance Manual. The most up-to date version of the Compliance Manual is located on the Legal and Compliance page of the Firm’s intranet portal and also available upon request. All GW&K employees are responsible for reading, understanding and complying with the requirements of the Compliance Manual. Questions about the Compliance Manual and its associated policies and procedures may be directed to the Legal & Compliance team.


This Compliance Manual contains proprietary information regarding GW&K and may not be distributed externally without approval from the Legal and Compliance team.





Best Execution


December 2020






INTRODUCTION


As a SEC registered investment adviser and fiduciary to clients, GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) has the responsibility to place client trades in such a manner that achieves the most favorable overall cost or proceeds that can be reasonably obtained for a transaction under the circumstance (“Best Execution”). The purpose of this document is to establish policies and procedures designed to ensure that all reasonable steps are taken for GW&K to satisfy its obligation to seek Best Execution for trades it executes on behalf of clients.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to treat client accounts fairly and equitably over time and to seek Best Execution for client transactions. GW&K Traders and Portfolio Managers evaluate a number of considerations in determining the best potential execution opportunity for each trade. However, GW&K is not obligated to choose the most favorable level of any single criterion, such as commission rate or spread, if GW&K believes total cost or proceeds from the transaction might be less favorable than may be obtainable elsewhere. GW&K makes every effort to keep informed of commission rate structures and prevalent bid/ask spread characteristics of the markets and securities traded for clients. GW&K may or may not solicit competitive bids for a particular transaction based on GW&K’s judgment of the expected overall potential benefit of doing so.


II.

Procedures


GW&K evaluates a number of considerations in determining the best potential execution opportunity for each trade. The following factors are among those that may be considered by GW&K when selecting a broker for client transactions:


·

execution capability (including access to or capacity to accept desired securities),

·

security price,

·

commission rates or spreads,

·

value of investment research provided,

·

access to company management

·

ability to obtain volume discounts,

·

industry reputation and financial stability,

·

effectiveness in trade settlement, and

·

responsiveness to GW&K.


GW&K may reasonably determine that one broker or multiple brokers can offer potential best qualitative execution.

In certain circumstances, clients may direct GW&K to place orders with specific brokers that provide services to that client. GW&K may accept such preference or direction to the extent it meets applicable regulatory obligations and does not unreasonably constrain GW&K’s ability to manage the account. See GW&K’s Directed Brokerage Policy.

III.

Oversight and Documentation


 

To facilitate GW&K’s oversight and review of brokerage practices, GW&K maintains a Brokerage Committee, which typically meets quarterly to review trading related matters including best execution, broker utilization, soft dollar usage, directed brokerage, trade errors (if any), and other items as applicable. The Committee is comprised of GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and other members of the Legal & Compliance Department, investment team leaders, and trading personnel. In addition, GW&K uses a recognized, independent third party service to review and analyze trade execution data, and these reports are reviewed and analyzed by the Brokerage Committee.

The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Allocation of Investment Opportunities


December 2020






INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy and identified procedures is to establish a framework for fair and equitable treatment of GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) client accounts over time when investment opportunities executed by GW&K are being allocated across multiple strategies and client accounts.


I.

Policy


Whenever practical, GW&K will allocate trades on a pro-rata basis. In practice, this means that security transactions are to be allocated to client accounts based on size relative to the size of all other client accounts included in the order until the order is completed. In certain situations, pro-rata allocation may not be achievable based on the circumstances of the trade, the number of and capacity of brokers GW&K engages to execute the trade or operational considerations for the numerous types of strategies and accounts GW&K manages for its clients. In such instances, GW&K’s Equity, Municipal, and Taxable trading teams maintain procedures for the fair and equitable treatment of accounts over time.


II.

Procedures


Trade Aggregation & Rotation

When GW&K intends to buy or sell the same security in two or more client accounts, GW&K may, but is not obligated to, aggregate those transactions to form a single block trade. GW&K has discretion to wait to place orders if it is aware of potential additional trades for the same security that may be pending or it may decide to execute trades immediately when it receives them. Decisions around the timing and aggregation of trades are made with the goal to seek best execution and to effectively manage GW&K’s order flow across numerous types of strategies and client accounts.


As described in GW&K’s Form ADV Part 2A, the Firm typically completes orders in accounts where it has full investment discretion and the authority to direct or execute trades prior to orders in accounts maintained at platform sponsors where the sponsor maintains such rights. Further, GW&K seeks to update those platform sponsors that retain full discretionary authority at approximately the same time; however, this timing may vary depending on program-specific requirements or limitations, operational challenges or other considerations. GW&K may utilize alternative trade rotation methods, if it believes such alternative methods are appropriate under the circumstances and that the method is generally fair and equitable. The trade rotation results and methodology are reviewed periodically by GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department, Trading Departments and the firm’s Brokerage Committee to ensure that no client accounts are being inadvertently advantaged over others over time.


Employee and Immediate Family Accounts

GW&K considers it appropriate that the accounts it manages for its employees and their immediate family (“Employee accounts”) may generally participate in transactions in the same securities as client accounts, except in cases where GW&K participates in Initial Public Offerings (“IPO’s). It is GW&K’s policy not to favor Employee accounts over others in any circumstance. GW&K generally aggregates transactions on behalf of Employee accounts with those of other advisory clients. The performance of Employee accounts is reviewed periodically by GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department with respect to performance of other client accounts invested in the same investment strategy to ensure all portfolios are being managed fairly and equitably over time.


Incubating Strategies

When considering a new GW&K investment strategy, GW&K may create an incubating account that is initially funded by GW&K or from one or more GW&K partners or portfolio managers. These type of accounts typically allow GW&K to establish a track record for the strategy and ensure the strategy is appropriate to offer to GW&K clients and prospect clients. Such accounts are generally able to participate in IPOs and other securities offerings where eligible and are subject to GWK’s standard allocation policy and procedures.


Initial Public Offerings and other Limited Offerings

GW&K may participate in Initial Public Offerings, Secondary Offerings, or other security offerings where there is limited availability of shares or bonds (collectively “Limited Offerings”). Such participation is subject to the appropriateness of the security being offered for GW&K’s investment strategies and the eligibility of client accounts to participate. Many of GW&K’s clients prohibit the purchase of some or all Limited Offerings.


When GW&K participates in Limited Offerings, it seeks to allocate those securities among participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner among its clients, taking into consideration the relevant investment objectives, strategies and other investment-related characteristics of client accounts such as client account type, investment restrictions, cash availability, and current specific needs. In circumstances where GW&K’s overall allocation of a Limited Offering is significantly smaller than the amount requested, GW&K may allocate the securities to fewer client accounts than originally intended to minimize contribution effect and to avoid creating non-meaningful positions.


Accredited Investors, Institutional Buyers and 144A Considerations

Certain security types may only be purchased for clients who meet certain regulatory definitions for a sophisticated client such as an Accredited Investor or a Qualified Institution Buyer (“QIB”). For example, GW&K will sometimes trade in 144A securities, which cannot be purchased for retail clients and other non-QIB client accounts. GW&K monitors purchases in securities such as 144As and confirms a client’s eligibility prior to executing the transaction.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for providing periodic training to employees and assessing ongoing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.




Cross Trades


December 2020







INTRODUCTION



GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) is a U.S. registered investment adviser and fiduciary to its clients. GW&K is not registered as a broker/dealer. As a matter of firm policy, and in accordance with its fiduciary duties to clients and potential conflicts of interest associated with cross trades, GW&K does not generally engage in cross trades on behalf of client accounts. In situations where potential cross trades may be required, GW&K maintains these procedures to preserve reasonable execution results for all participating client accounts and in compliance with applicable laws and fiduciary duties.


I.

Procedures


Cross trades will only be executed on behalf of accounts which are mandated to do so and in markets where permissible (examples may include sponsor directed trades or mutual fund cross trades under Rule 17a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and provided the trades are performed in accordance with procedures adopted by the sponsor or relevant fund’s board, as communicated to GW&K). GW&K will obtain and maintain client consent for cross transactions. Given certain specific prohibitions against cross trades for ERISA assets, GW&K applies automated pre-trade compliance restrictions to all recognized ERISA governed accounts as an additional measure to prevent potential cross trades from occurring.

For certain fixed income transactions, there may be situations where one or more client accounts are selling a bond that, in GW&K’s discretion, may be appropriate for other client accounts. In these circumstances, GW&K typically obtains multiple bids for the bond from independent broker/dealers. Depending on the results of this process, GW&K may determine to sell the bond to one or more broker/dealers that provide, in GW&K’s judgment, the most favorable execution under the circumstances. GW&K may then determine to purchase the bond for other client accounts from one or more of these broker/dealers, at a price and level of execution (including related costs) that GW&K believes are appropriate under the circumstances. There is no guarantee that GW&K will be able to repurchase the bond, since the broker/dealer may determine to sell the bond to another firm, or to hold the bond for the broker/dealer’s own inventory. For more information please review GW&K’s Best Execution Policy.


II.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for providing training to employees with respect to this policy and periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Soft Dollars and Commission Sharing Arrangements


December 2020


 

INTRODUCTION


When executing equity transactions for client accounts, GW&K engages third-party broker/dealers to complete the orders, usually paying a brokerage commission in the process. Third-party broker/dealers may also provide investment research and other services to GW&K, which is used to support the investment decision making process. Using client generated brokerage commissions to pay for such services is commonly known as “Soft Dollars.” The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures intended to ensure that Soft Dollar usage by GW&K complies with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) safe harbor guidelines under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Section 28(e)”).


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to seek best execution (see GW&K’s Best Execution policy) for client transactions. GW&K’s Policy is to use limited amounts of Soft Dollars for matters related to research only. GW&K will pay, with “hard dollars” from its own corporate account, all services and systems that are not eligible for Soft Dollars including but not limited to Bloomberg terminals, computer hardware and telephones. GW&K will only use Soft Dollars within safe harbor guidelines of Section 28(e). These guidelines are defined to include products or services which:


1.

Furnish advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of a security, the advisability of investing in purchasing or selling a security, and the availability of the security or purchasers/sellers of the security.

2.

Furnish analyses and reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts.

3.

Otherwise support GW&K’s investment research process.


II.

Procedures


Commission Sharing Arrangements


GW&K has entered into Commission Sharing Arrangements (“CSAs”) as a means to facilitate soft dollar research administration and payments. CSAs enable GW&K to pool commission dollars generated in transactions with certain broker/dealers to be aggregated and distributed to other third parties to pay for investment research provided by the third parties. This enables GW&K to compensate research providers who do not have brokerage operations where traditional soft dollars can be credited through trade execution or where, in support of GW&K’s policy to seek best execution, GW&K determines that a research provider’s trading desk may not be capable of executing GW&K’s orders as effectively as other broker/dealers.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.


GW&K Brokerage Committee


GW&K has established a Brokerage Committee to review, monitor and oversee GW&K’s Soft Dollar Policy and related practices. The Committee is comprised of GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and other members of the Legal & Compliance Department, investment team leaders, and trading personnel. Among other items, the Committee reviews the amount and usage of soft dollar credits, the broker/dealers being used to generate soft dollars, and the investment research services being purchased through soft dollars. The Committee also reviews and approves any proposed new broker/dealer or research service. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department will ensure that oversight over Soft Dollar and Commission Sharing Arrangements occur.


Client Disclosures


GW&K’s practices regarding Soft Dollars and potential conflicts of interest associated with usage will be disclosed in GW&K’s Form ADV Part 2A.






Directed Brokerage


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


While GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) generally has discretion to select brokers through which it executes trades on behalf of client accounts, there are occasions when a client may direct GW&K to use (or not use) a particular broker for some or all of the trades placed for that client’s account. The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures intended to help ensure that all directed brokerage arrangements are executed, when applicable, in accordance with client instructions and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.


I.

Policy


Some of GW&K’s clients, particularly those who sponsor or participate in platform programs, may instruct GW&K to direct all trading to a specific broker/dealer, usually the program sponsor. In these situations, GW&K will generally neither seek competitive bids to execute transactions nor will it seek information about potential commission costs. Commission rates for these programs are typically pre- negotiated between the client and the plan sponsor or designated broker/dealer.


GW&K clients with directed brokerage arrangements may be unable to obtain the most favorable price on transactions executed at the client’s directed brokerage firm as a result of GW&K’s inability to aggregate orders in those accounts with other client trades. Directed brokerage arrangements may also preclude those clients from participating in initial public offerings or other limited offerings. GW&K generally does not execute transactions in accounts with directed brokerage until non-directed brokerage orders are completed.


GW&K discloses the potential disadvantages that may arise from directed brokerage arrangements and GW&K’s right to reject or limit client requests for directed brokerage in its Form ADV Part 2A. These disadvantages may include higher explicit commission costs or other factors that could detract from trade execution quality and investment performance. See GW&K’s Best Execution policy.


II.

Procedures


GW&K will accept directed brokerage arrangements only if the following conditions are satisfied:


1.

The client’s directions are furnished in writing to GW&K’s Legal & Compliance and Client Service Departments, typically as part of the Investment Management Agreement between the client and GW&K, or as a standalone Directed Brokerage Letter; and


2.

GW&K has informed the client in writing that use of directed brokerage arrangements may deprive the client of benefits that might otherwise be obtained by aggregating the client’s order with orders for other GW&K client accounts. This may result in the client paying a higher commission rate or receiving less favorable execution than if GW&K had discretion to select the broker or negotiate commission rates. GW&K typically handles this by delivery of Form ADV Part 2A.


Client Disclosures


As directed brokerage arrangements inherently limit GW&K’s ability to seek best execution for a particular client account or transaction, GW&K’s policy requires the firm to reasonably disclose the risks of directed brokerage to these clients. GW&K provides extensive disclosure on its brokerage arrangements, including directed brokerage, in the firm’s Form ADV, Part 2A.


 


III.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is charged with periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.


GW&K Brokerage Committee


GW&K’s Brokerage Committee oversees the firm’s overall brokerage activity, including directed brokerage arrangements and practices. The Committee is comprised of GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and other members of the Legal & Compliance Department, investment team leaders, and trading personnel.





Error Correction


December 2020





INTRODUCTION


As a U.S. investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and a fiduciary to its clients, GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) places great value on understanding and serving the needs of its clients; however, in the course of the investment management process, errors may arise. As such, GW&K has implemented an Error Correction Policy and associated procedures to ensure that employees promptly report potential errors to their management team and the GW&K Legal & Compliance Department for prompt error resolution.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to resolve all errors impacting client accounts so that, to the extent possible, corrective measures leave the affected account as close as possible to the condition it would have been in had the error not occurred. Although there is no definition for ‘error’ under U.S. securities laws, for purposes of this policy errors shall include but are not limited to:


·

purchasing securities not permitted for a client account or otherwise failing to follow client investment guidelines,

·

purchasing or selling the wrong security or the wrong amount of a security (or securities) on behalf of a client account,

·

purchasing or selling securities for, or allocating securities to, the wrong client account, and

·

failing to invest client assets within a reasonable timeframe.


Activities falling outside these examples may also constitute an error. These may include actions taken or not taken by GW&K that impact settlement, reconciliation or valuation of accounts, result in overdraft or interest charges, or otherwise adversely impact client portfolios. To the extent such actions or inactions adversely impact GW&K advisory accounts, they may be considered errors under this policy.


II.

Procedures


The following procedures are required to be followed if it is believed a potential error has occurred:


1.

Notify appropriate Management and the Legal & Compliance Department Internal error notification is required to be addressed in accordance with this policy as soon as reasonably possible upon discovery. A GW&K employee that becomes aware of a potential error

in a client account, must immediately notify their supervisor who will, in turn, notify the Legal & Compliance Department. This notification to management and the Legal & Compliance Department is required to occur prior to any corrective action.


2.

Determination if an Error Has Occurred

Once notified, the Legal & Compliance Department will work with applicable GW&K managers to determine whether an error has occurred.


3.

Error Correction

Proposed resolution of errors are required to be reviewed and approved by the Legal & Compliance Department in conjunction with applicable GW&K managers. In instances where a potential error could be rectified prior to the settlement of a pending trade, the Legal & Compliance Department will review the potential corrective action with applicable GW&K departments, investment teams and custodial banks. In instances where an error cannot be rectified prior to the settlement of a transaction involving a client account, the Legal & Compliance Department will review the error and potential corrective action with applicable GW&K management teams, and typically with the applicable client or financial advisor for error resolution determination and remediation.


4.

Reimbursement

GW&K will typically compensate for the direct monetary loss (if any) the error caused in the client’s account. Unless prohibited to do so under the circumstance, including due to specific client or investment fund requirements, GW&K will generally net the client’s gains and losses from the error or a series of related errors with the same root cause and compensate the client for the net loss. Client accounts will typically keep gains associated to errors.


5.

Documentation

All errors are to be formally documented using GW&K’s standard event memorandum form which is available on the Legal & Compliance page of the GW&K portal. The Legal & Compliance Department maintains an error log that summarizes error occurrences and applicable resolutions.


6.

Client Communication

The Legal & Compliance Department in conjunction with applicable GW&K managers determines if client disclosure is appropriate under the circumstance.


7.

Post-Mortem Internal Discussions

All errors are reviewed by the Legal & Compliance Department in conjunction with applicable GW&K management teams to determine if enhancements can be made to current processes or practices to mitigate future reoccurrence.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is required to document and record all errors and applicable resolutions. Trading related errors are required to be reviewed periodically by GW&K’s Brokerage Committee. Following GW&K’s risk management process, on an annual basis, or more frequently as needed, the Chief Compliance Officer or designee will review all errors which occurred during the preceding year with GW&K’s Management Committee members and applicable internal business constituents.




Insider Trading


December 2020







INTRODUCTION



In accordance with applicable laws and GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) Policy, GW&K’s personnel are prohibited from soliciting or to otherwise seek to acquire material, non-public information; however, due to the Firm’s participation in the global securities market, its personnel may inadvertently receive such information in the normal course of business. The purpose of this Insider Trading Policy (the “Policy”) is to (i) establish policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to detect and prevent insider trading and (ii) to establish effective processes to prevent the use or dissemination of material non-public information.


I.

Policy & Prohibited Activities


For purposes of this Policy, “Insider Trading” means trading in securities while in possession of material, non-public information (“Inside Information”). While the following items serve as general guidelines for prohibited activities regarding the handling of Inside Information, the list is not intended to be exhaustive. Employees are expected to use good judgment and are required to consult with GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management with any questions or concerns about potential possession of Inside Information or questions on this Policy.


1)

Employees are prohibited from intentionally soliciting or otherwise seeking Inside Information.


2)

Employees who inadvertently come into possession of Inside Information are prohibited from:


(i)

Trading applicable securities in GW&K client accounts and/or personal accounts (as covered under GW&K’s Code of Ethics Policy), or

(ii)

Disclosing the information or any conclusions based on the information to anyone other than GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management.


II.

Procedures & Oversight


Certain members of GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department are responsible for determining whether or not GW&K has received Inside Information and if so, to ensure that the firm’s conduct complies with applicable laws and regulations.


1)

Any GW&K employee who believes that they have received Inside Information must communicate that event to the Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management as soon as possible.


·

Under no circumstances should the information be discussed with any other GW&K employees or external parties.


2)

The Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management will review the information and implement any measures that they reasonably determine is necessary. Records of decisions and any restrictions imposed on the treatment or use of relevant information will be kept in Legal & Compliance files.

3)

If deemed necessary by the Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management, certain issuers or securities may be restricted for trading in GW&K client and personal accounts (as covered under GW&K’s Code of Ethics Policy) and/or information barriers established.


4)

If information barriers or firm-wide bans on trading are implemented, the Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management will remove information barriers and/or trading bans when they determine that the restriction(s) are no longer appropriate.


III.

AMG Insider Trading Policy


GW&K’s institutional partner, Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (“AMG”) maintains its own Insider Trading Policy. All GW&K employees are required to adhere to that policy in addition to GW&K’s Insider Trading Policy.


Under the AMG Policy

All publicly traded securities issued by AMG are restricted for trading in GW&K client accounts and personal trading accounts (also as covered under GW&K’s Code of Ethics Policy) unless approved by GW&K and AMG Legal & Compliance Departments.



IV.

Penalties for Insider Trading


Penalties for Insider Trading may include censure, fines, and imprisonment as well as civil liability and potential barring from the securities industry. Prevention and prosecution of Insider Trading is a consistent priority for the SEC and criminal fines and other punishment can result for those who engage in Insider Trading (regardless of profit or loss), those who share Inside Information (even if they don’t personally execute any trades), as well as for the firms who employ such individuals.


Any GW&K employee who is found to have engaged in Insider Trading or any employee who fails to immediately inform the Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel or Director of Compliance & Risk Management of suspected potential Insider Trading or the receipt of Inside Information will be subject to referral to the appropriate regulatory agencies and to disciplinary action including the possibility of termination.





Code of Ethics


December 2020





INTRODUCTION


GW&K Investment Management, LLC’s (“GW&K” or the “Company” or the “Firm”) Code of Ethics (the “Code”) (i) establishes standards of business conduct and parameters for personal securities transactions that reflect the fiduciary duty of GW&K to its advisory Clients; (ii) institutes policies and procedures designed to detect and prevent activities that may undermine this fiduciary duty or create conflicts of interest; (iii) requires individuals subject to the Code to comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws; and (iv) has been adopted in compliance with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Accordingly, no Access Person (as defined in Section I below), shall:


1.

Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud;

2.

Make any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

3.

Engage in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person; or

4.

Engage in any manipulative practice.


Adherence to the Code is a basic condition of employment at GW&K. Failure to adhere to the Code may result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment. Any person having questions about the meaning or applicability of the Code should contact GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department.


I.

Definitions


1940 Act” - The Investment Company Act of 1940.


Access Person” - Any partner or employee (collectively referred to as “employee”) of GW&K who (a) has access to non-public information about the purchase or sale of securities in GW&K Client accounts or non-public information about the holdings of Client accounts or Affiliated Funds, or (b) is involved with making securities recommendations for Client accounts or has access to such recommendations. All GW&K employees are considered Access Persons for purposes of the Code. Access Persons may include part-time employees, consultants and temporary personnel as designated by the Chief Compliance Officer.


Affiliated Fund” - Any mutual fund for which GW&K or a GW&K affiliate serves as investment adviser or sub-adviser. A list of Affiliated Funds is maintained on the Legal & Compliance page of GW&K’s Portal.


Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (“AMG”)” -

GW&K is an affiliate of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc., a publicly traded global asset management company (NYSE: AMG). GW&K operates independently and autonomously, with AMG holding a majority interest in the Firm as GW&K’s institutional partner.


Advisers Act” - The Investment Advisers Act of 1940.


Beneficial Ownership” - Any instance where an Access Person or any related Covered Person can directly or indirectly derive financial interest from the ownership, purchase, or sale of a security.


It is considered Beneficial Ownership when securities are:

·

Owned by an Access Person or Covered Person solely in their name or jointly with another individual;

·

Owned through an account or investment vehicle for benefit of an Access Person or Covered Person (i.e. IRA, trust, partnership, etc.); or

·

Owned directly, indirectly or jointly.


Business Entertainment” - An occasion where an Access Person entertains or is entertained by someone with whom GW&K has a business relationship or is looking to establish a business relationship. Entertainment may include meals, sporting, theater or music, charitable, or other ticketed events. Any item of value given or received that does not meet the definition of Business Entertainment will be considered a Gift under the Code.


Considered for Transaction” - A security is being considered for purchase or sale when a recommendation to purchase or sell the security in Client accounts has been communicated by a research analyst to a portfolio manager or portfolio management team.


Client”- Any person or entity that has an investment advisory or sub-advisory investment management agreement with GW&K, or any person or entity for which GW&K provides investment management services through a Separately Managed Account (“SMA”) Program or similar arrangement.


Covered Persons” – Immediate family members that are related by blood, marriage, adoption, domestic partnership or civil union and living in the same household. Examples include any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, significant other, sibling, mother-, father-, son-, daughter-, brother- or sister-in-law, or any person related by adoption who lives in the same household with the Access Person.


Covered Security” - All forms of stocks, bonds, convertibles, closed-end funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), and any other instrument identified as a security under the Advisers Act. Private Placements, Private Funds or other Limited Offerings are also considered Covered Securities for purposes of this Policy. Covered Securities do not include shares of registered open-end mutual funds (other than Affiliated Funds), direct obligations of the Government of the United States, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and other money market instruments.


“Derivative” – A contract between two or more parties whose value is reliant upon or based on an underlying financial asset(s). Examples of derivatives for the purpose of the Code include but are not limited to futures, forwards, options, swaps, rights and warrants.


“Discretionary Third-Party Managed Account” - An account: (a) for which an Access Person or Covered Person has granted a trustee or a discretionary third-party manager investment authority over the account; and (b) over which the Access Person or Covered Person has no direct or indirect influence or control with respect to purchases or sales of securities or allocations of investments.


Federal Securities Laws” - The Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the SEC under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or the Department of the Treasury.


Gift” - Any present, favor, or gratuity to or from someone with whom GW&K has a business relationship or is seeking to establish a business relationship. Gifts do not include promotional items of nominal value with business logos (items such as pens, tee shirts, golf balls, hats, coffee mugs, umbrellas, etc.)

 

Investment Control” - Any instance where an Access Person or other Covered Person(s) can directly or indirectly initiate the purchase or sale of a Covered Security.


“Private Placement”, “Private Fund” or “Limited Offering” – A securities offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to rules 504, 505 or 506 under the Securities Act of 1933.


Maintenance Trade”- A Trade that is part of normal operational or client-specific account activity. Maintenance Trades include, but are not necessarily limited to, orders related to new account investing, capital additions or withdrawals, account liquidation, or tax loss trading, etc. Orders executed as part of a portfolio management decision across an entire strategy (or strategies) are NOT Maintenance Trades.


Outside Business Activity” - Any business or activity carried out by an employee that is outside of the employee’s regular course or scope of employment with GW&K.


Reportable Account” - Any account where an Access Person or Covered Person(s) have, or is capable of having, Investment Control of Covered Securities.


SEC” - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.



II.

Standard of Conduct and General Prohibitions


A.

Standard of Conduct


GW&K employees and others subject to this Code are expected to have high ethical standards, put client interests above their own and not take advantage of the management of client assets for personal benefit. The Code sets out a number of specific restrictions on personal investing designed to capture fiduciary duty and mitigate conflicts of interest; however, no set of rules and restrictions can anticipate every situation. Any activity or transaction that violates GW&K’s duty to its clients or contrary to GW&K’s employment principles is prohibited, regardless of whether it meets the technical rules found within the Code. In addition, all persons subject to this Code are required to comply with Federal Securities Laws.


B.

General Prohibitions


No Access Person or other Covered Person is permitted to benefit in their personal investment account(s) from proprietary investment research nor transactions executed by GW&K on behalf of its Clients. Accordingly, no Access Person or other Covered Person shall buy or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security that is (a) being Considered for Transaction or is (b) being purchased or sold in Client accounts, with the exception of Maintenance Trades.


In addition, the following activities are prohibited:


1.

Acquiring securities in any initial public offering (generally defined to include purchasing on the day of issuance).


2.

Trading any securities while in possession of material non-public information relating to such securities.

 

Both GW&K and AMG maintain policies and procedures related to Insider Trading that employees are required to follow in addition to the Code. For additional information, please review both policies which are available within GW&K’s Portal and within the Code system or contact the Legal & Compliance Department.


3.

Trading securities on margin.


4.

Trading Derivatives.


5.

Engaging in short selling.


6.

Placing good ‘til canceled (“GTC”) orders (unless the GTC is cancelled at end of trade day).


7.

Trading a Covered Security within 2 trading days before, the same day or 2 trading days after it is traded in GW&K Client accounts, except where only Maintenance Trades occur. The GW&K Legal & Compliance Department may allow for an exception to this restriction where the security’s market capitalization is above $10 Billion.


8.

Investing in a Private Placement, Private Fund or other Limited Offering without prior approval from the Legal & Compliance Department.


9.

Taking a profit from any trading activity on covered securities within a 30-day calendar window. Gains are to be calculated based on a last in, first out (“LIFO”) method for purposes of this requirement.


10.

Using any technique, strategy or product to circumvent a restriction in the Code.


III.

Pre-clearance Requirements, Restricted Securities, and Exemptions


A.

Pre-clearance Requirements


No Access Person or Covered Person may purchase, sell, or otherwise assume or dispose Beneficial Ownership of any Covered Security without pre-clearance approval.


To facilitate trade pre-clearance, oversight of personal securities transactions, and certain other administrative functions in support of the Code, GW&K utilizes a third-party vendor system (“Code system”). Each Access Person is provided with credentials to login to the Code system. Unless a security type is specifically identified as exempt from pre-clearance requirements, transactions in all Covered Securities must be pre-cleared via online request within the Code system prior to execution. Approved pre-clearances are valid only for the same trading day. Any unexecuted approved transactions must be pre-cleared again.


AMG Stock – In addition to these standard pre-clearance requirements, any trades in AMG stock (ticker: AMG) must also be pre-cleared by AMG. Access Persons shall coordinate this pre-clearance with GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department. Please see the AMG Insider Trading Policies and Procedures, which can be found on GW&K’s Portal and in the Code system under ‘My Policies’ for additional information. Cautionary note; Access Persons and Covered Persons may not be able to sell personal investments in individual securities such as stocks and bonds for extended periods of time due to GW&K client investment activity. As such, liquidity, tax planning, market and similar risks associated with transacting in securities that are or may be held in client accounts should be considered when investing in personal trading accounts. Exemptions to the Code are expected to be rare. See section VI. of the Code for more exemption related information.


B.

Restricted Securities


GW&K maintains a restricted list comprised of securities considered for transaction for clients, as well as other securities when warranted as determined by Compliance, in order to help employees maintain compliance with the Code. Employees are prohibited from trading any security that is on the restricted list. However, it is expected that employees will not knowingly or willfully execute personal securities transactions that violate either explicit parameters or principles of the Code if, due to technical issue or any other reason, a pre-clearance request for a security that should be restricted is approved.


C.

Exemptions from Pre-clearance Requirements


The following activities are exempt from pre-clearance requirements:


1.

Transactions in Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts. Please see Section IV for additional information regarding such accounts.


2.

Trades in Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”).


NOTE: ETFs are still subject to the 30-day holding period described in Section II. B and reporting requirements of the Code.


3.

Trades that are part of an automatic investment plan, such as a dividend reinvestment plan, where specific transactions are executed as part of a pre-determined schedule or criteria.


4.

Trades that are part of non-voluntary corporate actions or that are otherwise executed outside the control of the Access Person.


D.

Exemptions from Pre-clearance and Reporting Requirements


Investments in the following are exempt from pre-clearance and reporting requirements:


1.

Investments in Open-ended Mutual Funds (other than Affiliated Funds).


2.

Investments in Direct Obligations of the Government of the United States.


3.

Banker’s Acceptances.


4.

Bank Certificates of Deposits.


5.

Commercial Paper.


6.

Money Market Funds.


7.

Trades involving Affiliated Funds within the AMG/GW&K 401k Plan do not require pre- clearance or reporting as the Firm receives separate reporting from AMG as the plan sponsor.










IV.

Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts


Access Persons may maintain Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts subject to the disclosure and reporting requirements described below, provided they comply with all requirements of this Code, such accounts are exempt from the pre-clearance requirements outlined in Section III above.


Disclosure Requirements for Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts. All Access Persons who maintain Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts must disclose such accounts within the Code system. Such disclosure must include the following information:


·

Account owner name

·

Account number

·

Name and contact information of the trustee or discretionary third-party manager

·

The trustee’s or discretionary third-party manager’s firm

·

Description of the Access Person’s relationship to the trustee or discretionary third-party manager, including any affiliation or family relationship that may exist between the Access Person and the person or firm managing the account


Additionally, Access Persons must attest upon inception of the account and then on a periodic basis thereafter that they or associated Covered Persons do not have direct or indirect influence or control of the account, including with respect to the purchase or sale of securities, or allocation of investments.


Reporting Requirements for Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department will require the provision of account statements for all Discretionary Third- Party Managed Accounts annually; however, additional statements may also be required to facilitate Compliance’s oversight and monitoring of such accounts.


In addition, the Legal & Compliance Department will periodically request attestation from the trustee or discretionary third-party manager of each Discretionary Third-Party Managed Account to confirm the account continues to be discretionary and that there have been no instances where the Access Person had direct or indirect influence or control of the account.


Accounts maintained at GW&K Investment Management are not subject to the requirements outlined above if such accounts are managed in line with the applicable Firm investment strategy as applied to Client accounts in that strategy.


V.

Reporting of Personal Covered Securities Transactions and Post-Trade Review


All Access Persons are required to provide periodic transaction reports to the Legal & Compliance Department. Where applicable and appropriate, the Legal & Compliance Department may assist employees in meeting this obligation by facilitating electronic data feeds from brokers, creating automated reports, or other means to help alleviate the administrative burden. However, in any instances where such processes are not available, Access Persons are responsible for providing the required information.


Reportable Accounts and Initial Holdings Report. No later than 10 days after a person becomes an Access Person, summary information of all Reportable Accounts including the type of account (e.g. IRA, Trust, etc.), the brokerage firm where the account is maintained, the date the Reportable Account was established, and an initial holdings report, current as of no more than 45 days of when a person becomes an Access Person must be provided to the Legal & Compliance Department.



NOTE: Any account that can hold Covered Securities, which is under Investment Control of the Access Person or Covered Persons, should be disclosed, even if no reportable securities are held at the time of the holdings report.


The following information shall be included in the initial holdings report:


·

Account name (as identified by the Access Person) and the name of the broker where the account is maintained

·

Security name/description

·

Security ticker symbol or CUSIP number

·

Number of shares (or principal amount)


The Code system is used to facilitate disclosure of reportable investment accounts and initial holdings reports.


New Reportable Accounts established by Access Persons after an initial holdings report are required to be disclosed to the Legal & Compliance Department promptly, and before any transactions in Covered Securities occur.


Duplicate Brokerage Confirmations and Statements. Access Persons and Covered Persons are required to direct their brokers to provide duplicate copies of confirmations of all personal securities transactions and copies of periodic statements for each Reportable Account to GW&K. In many cases, the Legal & Compliance Department can coordinate the receipt of this information directly from brokers via the Code system.


Quarterly Transaction Report. No later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, every Access Person must file a report with the Legal & Compliance Department describing all transactions in Covered Securities (including those in Affiliated Funds) during that period. This Quarterly Transaction Report is required to include the following information for each trade:


·

Trade date

·

Security name/description

·

Security ticker symbol or CUSIP

·

Type of transaction (buy, sell, etc.)

·

Number of shares or principal amount

·

Price at which the transaction was executed

·

Executing broker


Quarterly Transaction Reports are to be completed in the Code system.


NOTE: Access Persons may be excused from submitting transaction reports that would duplicate information contained in trade confirmations or account statements that GW&K holds in its records, provided GW&K has received those confirmations or statements no later than 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which the transaction takes place.


Annual Holdings Report. All Access Persons must file a report with the Legal & Compliance Department that identifies all holdings in Covered Securities as of December 31 of the prior year by January 30th of each year.


The Annual Holdings Report is required to include the following information for all Reportable Accounts with Covered Securities:


·

Account Name (as identified by the Access Person) and the name of the broker where the account is maintained

·

Security name/description

·

Security ticker symbol or CUSIP number

·

Number of shares or principal amount held as of December 31.


Annual Holdings Reports are to be completed in the Code system.


In addition, Discretionary Third-Party Managed Accounts are subject to the reporting requirements outlined in Section IV.


Post-Trade Review - The Legal & Compliance Department will periodically review and monitor the personal investment activity of all Access Persons and Covered Persons, including reports or brokerage confirmations and statements filed in accordance with the Code.


VI.

Exemptions from the Code


The Legal & Compliance Department may grant an exemption from the Code, including pre-clearance or other trading restrictions, certain reporting requirements and other Code related matters on a case- by-case basis if it is determined that the proposed conduct involves no opportunity for abuse and does not conflict with client interest. Such requests for exemption are expected to be infrequent and approvals are expected to be rare. All requests must be submitted in writing to the Legal & Compliance Department and the reason(s) for the exemption must be stated.


VII.

Gifts and Business Entertainment


Access Persons may not give or accept any Gift or Business Entertainment that:


·

is in cash or a non-cash equivalent (such as gift cards);

·

is excessive, lavish, or otherwise outside of industry custom and practice;

·

creates a real or perceived conflict of interest or is intended to influence business decisions; or

·

is unethical or illegal


In general, Access Persons may not give or accept Gifts of more than de minimis value (anything of more than $100 in value as a single Gift or an annual cumulative value of $500). This limit does not apply to (i) ordinary Business Entertainment where the donor is present as a host so long as it is not so frequent to give the appearance of impropriety; or (ii) a typical holiday Gift such as a food item received by an Access Person but shared with other GW&K employees.


Each Access Person must report all Gifts and Business Entertainment of $50 or more to the Legal & Compliance Department for Gifts given or received in connection with the Access Person’s employment. The Legal & Compliance Department maintains records of reportable Gifts given or received by Access Persons.


AMG Distributors, Inc. (“AMGDI”) Registered Representatives


In addition to requirements under the Code, GW&K employees who are registered representatives of AMGDI are required to also comply with the Gifts and non-cash compensation policies maintained in AMGDI’s Supervisory Procedures Manual.



VIII.

Political Contributions


Employees are prohibited from making Gifts or contributions in the name of, or on behalf, of GW&K to any political committee, candidate or party. Employees are also subject to pre-clearance requirements and contribution limits for personal political contributions as part of Firm policies and procedures.

Employees should refer to GW&K’s Political Contributions and Other Restricted Payments Policy which can be found in the GW&K Compliance Manual.



XI.

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures


Employees are subject to GW&K’s Insider Trading Policy and AMG’s Insider Trading Policy and Procedures, which can be found on GW&K’s Portal and in the Code system under ‘My Policies.’ Employees are required to certify annually that they have received, read and understood these policies as well as adhered to the guidelines and restrictions therein.



X.

Outside Business Activities


It is prohibited for any employee to engage in any Outside Business Activity, or be employed or compensated by any other person, or serve as an officer, director, partner or employee of another business organization or have any direct or indirect financial interest in any other organization engaged in any securities, financial or kindred business unless such person has made a disclosure and received approval from the Legal & Compliance Department.


All employees are required to disclose their Outside Business Activities in the Code system. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department will review all disclosures of Outside Business Activities to ensure there are no material conflicts of interest with GW&K clients, the Firm and with the disclosing employee’s role and responsibilities at GW&K. Examples of Outside Business Activities required to be disclosed include, but are not limited to, serving on the board of directors for publicly traded companies, non-profit, endowment or charitable foundations, even if not a for-profit business and without compensation, or any activities where the employee receives compensation.



XI.

Reporting Potential Violations, Investigation, Penalties for Violations, and Whistleblower Rules


A.

Reporting Potential Violations


If any employee has any doubts as to the appropriateness of any activity, believe that they have violated the Code, or become aware of a violation of the Code by another individual(s), they should consult with the Chief Compliance Officer, a member of the Legal & Compliance Department, or member of the Management Committee. This includes reporting any concerns regarding any potential violations of any applicable law, rule or policy, or any other potential wrongdoing, by GW&K, any of our employees, or any of our service providers.


All are encouraged to report actual or possible violations to the Chief Compliance Officer or other members of the Legal & Compliance Department upon discovery. It is a violation of this Code to deliberately fail to report a violation by you, or deliberately withhold relevant or material information concerning a violation of this Code. If an Access Person believes the Chief Compliance Officer is acting in potential violation of the Code, the matter is to be reported to any member of GWK’s Executive or Management Committees.


Good faith reporting of suspected violations of Firm Policies, including this Code, by others shall not subject the reporting person to penalty, reprisal, or retaliation by GW&K or any of its employees. Please also see subsection D below for additional information on Whistleblower Rules.


“Violations” should be interpreted broadly, and may include, but are not limited to, such items as:


·

noncompliance with laws, rules, and regulations applicable to the business of GW&K;

·

fraud or illegal acts involving any aspect of GW&K’s business;

·

material misstatements in regulatory filings, internal books and records, Clients records, or reports;

·

activity that is harmful to Clients, including any fund shareholders; and

·

deviations from required internal controls, policies and procedures that safeguard Clients and GW&K.


All reports will be taken seriously, investigated promptly and appropriately, and treated with the appropriate confidentiality as determined by GW&K in light of the circumstances.


B.

Investigation


The Legal & Compliance Department will investigate all potential violations of Firm policies, including the Code. In cases where the investigation is initiated by the reporting of a potential violation by an employee, the Legal & Compliance Department may update the employee on the status of the investigation as appropriate. In addition, the reporting employee may request an update at any time. Such investigative procedures may include notification to the Firm’s Executive and Management Committees of the violation or possible violation, and discussion of the violation or possible violation with the relevant parties to determine whether the procedures set forth in the Code were

followed. Each investigation will be documented, including the name(s) of the relevant party(ies), the date of the investigation and identification of the violation or possible violation. The file kept on such investigation shall include all relevant records. The determination as to whether a violation has occurred will be subject to review by the Legal & Compliance Department. The Chief Compliance Officer or other members of the Legal & Compliance Department will report findings as necessary to the Executive or Management Committees.


C.

Penalties for Violations


Penalties for violations of Federal Securities Laws or Firm policies can be severe for individuals involved and their employers. A person can be subject to penalties even if they do not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties for such violations will be determined on a case-by-case basis in the discretion of the Legal & Compliance Department with input from members of the Executive or Management Committee as appropriate. While each violation is reviewed individually, certain considerations are regularly evaluated such as the nature of the violation (whether it was a failure to follow procedure such as pre-clearance, or whether there was an actual non-compliant transaction that occurred), whether there appeared to be intent to violate or circumvent the Code or other Firm policy, and whether the individual has had previous violations. The penalties may include, but are not limited to:


·

Issuance of a disciplinary memorandum or letter of reprimand;

·

Requiring disgorgement of profits generated from non-compliant trades;

·

Requiring trades to be reversed or other corrective actions at Access Person’s expense;

·

Suspension of personal trading privileges;

·

Requiring the consolidation of Reportable Accounts with certain brokers;

·

Suspension or termination of employment; and

·

Reporting to the appropriate regulatory authorities if applicable.


D.

Whistleblower Rules


Nothing in this Code or in any other agreements you may have with GW&K is intended to or shall preclude or impede you from cooperating with any governmental or regulatory entity or agency in any investigation, or from communicating any suspected wrongdoing or violation of law to any such entity or agency, including, but not limited to, reporting pursuant to the “whistleblower rules” promulgated by the SEC (Securities Exchange Act Rules 21F-1, et seq.).


Retaliation of any type against an Access Person who reports a suspected violation or assists in the investigation of such conduct (even if the conduct is not found to be a violation) is strictly prohibited and constitutes a further violation of the Code and these procedures.


All Access Persons are encouraged (and have the responsibility) to ask questions and seek guidance from the Chief Compliance Officer, other members of the Legal & Compliance Department or senior management with respect to any action or transaction that may constitute a violation and to refrain from any action or transaction which might lead to the appearance of a violation. Members of the Legal & Compliance Department will also provide periodic training to GW&K’s Access Persons regarding the requirements of these policies and procedures.



XII.

Recordkeeping Requirements


In accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the following records will be maintained by GW&K, at its principal place of business:


(i)

a copy of the Code and all written acknowledgements of the receipt of the Code and any amendments thereto for each Access Person within the past five years;


(ii)

a record of any violation of the Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;


(iii)

a copy of each report made by an Access Person must be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided;


(iv)

a record of all Access Persons, currently or within the past five years, who are or were required to make reports under the Code, or who are or were responsible for reviewing such reports pursuant to this Code; and

(v)

a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition of securities in Limited Offerings by Access Persons, for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted.



XIII.

Distribution and Certification


Each Access Person is to (i) receive a copy of this Code at the time of employment, annually thereafter, and anytime amendments are made to the Code; and (ii) periodically certify in writing that they have received, read and understood the Code and any amendments; and (iii) will adhere to the guidelines, restrictions, and responsibilities therein.





Political Contributions and Restricted Payments


December 2020





INTRODUCTION


As a U.S. registered investment adviser, GW&K Investment Management, LLC is subject to regulations that limit or prohibit GW&K and its employees from making certain political contributions or other restricted payments. These include anti-bribery laws as well as federal, state and municipal “pay to play” laws intended to prevent potential conflicts of interest for government officials selecting investment advisers on the basis of political contributions. The purpose of this Political Contributions and Restricted Payments Policy (the “Policy”) is to create procedures to identify and monitor permitted political contributions and activities and to prevent prohibited political contributions or activities and other restricted payments.



I.

Policy Statement and Applicable Anti-Corruption and Political Contribution Laws


It is GW&K’s policy that all employees must comply with political contribution and anti-corruption laws. Further, all GW&K employees are prohibited from making, offering or promising to make any payment, gift or contribution of anything of value to any person, either directly or indirectly, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business for GW&K or its affiliates or for gaining an advantage in conducting any business, except as specifically permitted in this policy.


U.S. anti-corruption laws focus on payments by corporate entities and their representatives to domestic and foreign public officials. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act governs dealings between U.S. businesses and foreign officials. Various other jurisdictions have anti-corruption laws that prohibit payments to obtain business or an advantage in the conduct of business. GW&K employees are required to consult with the Legal & Compliance Department prior to making any payments or providing any gifts to U.S. or non-U.S. officials or business counterparts.


U.S. federal, state and local laws, referred to as “pay to play” laws, are intended to prevent government officials from selecting service providers on the basis of their political contributions. These laws include the Investment Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-5 (the “Pay to Play Rule”), which applies to all registered investment advisers, and places limits on individual political contributions by covered persons.



II.

Definitions


Contribution” - any contribution, gift, subscription, loan, advance or deposit of money including:

(i)

payment of debt incurred in connection with an election; or

(ii)

transition or inaugural expenses of a successful candidate; or

(iii)

anything else of value to a candidate or official other than volunteered time outside of business hours not involving solicitation of donations.


Covered Associate” –

(i)

GW&K,

(ii)

any general, managing or other individual with similar status or function, of the Firm,

(iii)

GW&K’s chief executive officer, all senior executive officers in charge of a principal business unit, division or function and any other person who performs a policy-making function for the Firm,

(iv)

any employee who solicits a Government Entity for the Firm and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee, and

(v)

any political action committee controlled by the Firm or any of its employees.




GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for identifying specific GW&K employees as Covered Associates for purposes of this policy. The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for maintaining a list of the firm’s Covered Associates, attached as Exhibit A to this policy.


Government Entity” - any state or political subdivision of a state, including:

(i)

any agency, authority, or instrumentality of the state or political subdivision,

(ii)

a pool of assets sponsored or established by the state or political subdivision or any agency, authority, or instrumentality thereof, including, but not limited to a “defined benefit plan” as defined in Section 414(j) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), or a state general fund,

(iii)

any participant-directed investment program or plan sponsored or established by a state or political subdivision or any agency, authority or instrumentality thereof, including, but not limited to a “qualified tuition plan” authorized by Section 529 of the Code, a retirement plan authorized by Section 403(b) or 457 of the Code, or any similar program or plan, and

(iv)

officers, agents, or employees of the state or political subdivision or any agency, authority or instrumentality thereof, acting in their official capacity.


Pay to Play Rule” or “Rule” - Investment Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-5, which prohibits investment advisers and their Covered Associates from making political Contributions greater than de minimis limits to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity. Political Contributions in violation of the Rule will trigger a two-year time-out during which advisers cannot provide advisory services for compensation to the Government Entity that received the Contribution.


Solicit” -

(i)

with respect to investment advisory services, to communicate, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining a client for, or referring a client to, an investment adviser; and

(ii)

with respect to a Contribution, to communicate, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of obtaining or arranging a Contribution.



III.

Permitted and Prohibited Activities


GW&K employees may engage in ethically and legally appropriate conduct, whether as a representative of GW&K or in their personal capacity. Payments, gifts and contributions are permissible if made in compliance with this Policy and other applicable GW&K policies.


Business Gifts and Entertainment

As a general matter, most anti-corruption laws do not prohibit the provision of small gifts, non- extravagant business entertainment or similar items of nominal value if these items are not offered with improper intent. Accordingly, this Policy recognizes that in the course of conducting business GW&K employees may want to make token offerings to business counterparts. Employees should reference the GW&K Code of Ethics for additional information about business gifts and entertainment and consult the Legal & Compliance Department if they have any questions about these policies.


Political Contributions

GW&K employees are permitted to make political contributions in accordance with the Pay to Play Rule and GW&K’s guidelines and procedures outlined below. No employee may make, or cause GW&K to make, a contribution to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a federal, state or municipal government entity for the purpose of obtaining or retaining investment advisory business.




Permitted Political Contributions and Political Activities: Subject to prior approval, as described below, employees of the Firm are permitted to:


·

Where you are eligible to vote for the candidate, make a Contribution up to $350 in the aggregate with respect to the same election, to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity.


·

Where you are not eligible to vote for the candidate, make a Contribution up to $150 in the aggregate with respect to the same election, to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity.


·

Make a Contribution to an elected official or candidate for elective office of the federal government, subject to applicable federal limitations (unless, at the time of the Contribution, the candidate is an elected official of a state or municipal Government Entity, in which case the foregoing limits apply).


·

Make a Contribution to a federal, local or state political party in your individual capacity (subject to applicable state or local limitations), provided the Contribution is not directed to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity.


·

Make a Contribution to a political action committee (“PAC”), provided the Contribution is not directed by you or the PAC to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity.


·

As part of a campaign, volunteer on behalf of an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity during non-business hours, so long as you are not using GW&Ks name (or implying any endorsement by GW&K) or GW&K’s resources (such as corporate facilities, systems, communications equipment and lines, office supplies and mailing lists), and so long as you are not coordinating or Soliciting any person or political action committee to make any Contribution (as described further below).


Prohibited Political Contributions and Political Activities:  No employee of the Firm may:


·

Make a Contribution to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity in excess of the de minimis limits set forth above.


·

Make a Contribution to an elected official or candidate for elective office of the federal government in excess of the de minimis limits set forth above, if, at the time of the Contribution, the candidate is an elected official of a state or municipal Government Entity.


·

Cause GW&K to make any Contribution to an elected official or candidate for any elective office of a federal, state or municipal Government Entity.


·

Coordinate or Solicit any person or political action committee to make any:


(i)

Contribution to an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity; or


(ii)

Contribution to a political party of a state or municipality.


·

Use the Firm’s name or resources (as described above) in connection with any service to a campaign or in support of any campaign for elective office of a federal, state or municipal Government Entity.


·

Engage in any lobbying efforts on behalf of the Firm, since lobbying is a regulated activity that often requires public filings and/or registration, without prior approval from the Chief Compliance Officer and Firm management.


Indirect Contributions

GW&K employees may not do anything indirectly which, if done directly, would result in a violation of this Policy. Employees should be aware of Contributions that may be in their control, including the following:


·

Solicitation of any person, such as a spouse, family member or friend, to make a Contribution.

·

Contributions made by spouses from joint checking accounts, which may give the appearance of an indirect Contribution.

·

Contributions made to an entity where the employee has the ability to direct the use of the funds, or knows that entity will use the funds to support an elected official or candidate for elective office of a state or municipal Government Entity.

VI.

Procedures


Prior Approval

All employees are subject to this Policy and all Contributions by an employee must be approved by the Legal & Compliance Department in writing in advance of any Contribution being made. All employees are to submit approval request via GW&K’s automated compliance system.


As part of the approval process, the Legal & Compliance Department will review applicable state and local laws prior to approving any Contribution requests.


The Legal & Compliance Department reserves the right to prohibit any proposed Contribution that is deemed to raise a risk of violating the Rule, state laws or this Policy, or any actual or apparent conflict of interest, or for any other business reason whatsoever.


Quarterly Reporting

On a quarterly basis, all employees must submit an acknowledgement form confirming that they are in compliance with this Policy and have reported all of their Contributions made in the past quarter, including the amounts of the Contributions and dates on which the Contributions were made. All quarterly reports shall be made using GW&K’s automated compliance system.


New Government Entity Clients

In advance of accepting a state or municipal Government Entity as a client, the Legal & Compliance Department shall review records of employee Contributions made within two years of the date of inception of the client account to determine whether any Contributions have been made to any applicable official of the state or municipal Government Entity.


Compliance with Other Laws

It should not be assumed that approval under this Political Contributions Policy is confirmation that an employee is complying with any applicable campaign finance or other applicable laws, and each employee is urged to consult such advisors or counsel as appropriate on such laws. With respect to clients and potential clients that are state or municipal Government Entities, additional state and local rules may apply.


Questions Regarding Application of the Policy

Employees should consult the Legal & Compliance Department if they have any questions about whether a Contribution or activity would be prohibited or restricted by this Policy or the Rule.


Confidentiality

GW&K will keep the information provided under this Policy confidential, subject to the rights of inspection of all regulatory and licensing bodies or as any disclosure may become necessary or advisable in the operation of the Firm, including disclosures at the request of representatives of clients and potential clients who are state or municipal Government Entities, pension funds, or their fiduciaries if requested to do so.


Monitoring & Penalties for Violations

The Legal & Compliance Department will conduct periodic review of public websites for potential undisclosed political contributions made by GW&K employees. Penalties for violations of Federal Securities Laws, State Laws, Local Laws or Firm Policies can be severe for individuals involved and their employers. A person can be subject to penalties even if they do not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties for such violations will be determined on a case-by-case basis in the discretion of the Legal & Compliance Department with input from members of the Executive or Management Committee as appropriate. The penalties may include, but are not limited to:


·

Issuance of a disciplinary memorandum or letter of reprimand;

·

Reversal of contribution;

·

Suspension or termination of employment; and

·

Reporting to the appropriate regulatory authorities, if applicable.


V.

Recordkeeping


GW&K will maintain the following records in accordance with regulatory requirements:


(i)

The names, titles and business and residence addresses of all Employees, and separately, the names, titles, and business and residence addresses of all persons designated by the Chief Compliance Officer as Covered Associates.

(ii)

All state and municipal Government Entities to which the Firm provides or has provided investment advisory services in the past five years.


All direct or indirect Contributions made by the Firm or any of its employees to an official of a state or municipal Government Entity, or to a political party of a state or political subdivision thereof, or to a political action committee. Detailed records relating to such Contributions will be stored in the Firm’s compliance system.




 


VI.

Oversight


The Legal & Compliance Department will provide periodic training to employees with respect to this policy and will periodically assess compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.










Exhibit A


Nancy Angell

Scott Baughman

Mark Beidleman

Matt Bucci

Michael Clare

Lewis Collins

Christopher Connolly

John Erickson AMG

John Ferguson

John Fox

Charles Kace

Brian King

Harold Kotler

Jim McCarthy

Dan Miller

Tom Powers

Nancy Rimington

Bill Roberts

Andrew Russo

Nate Sensor

Jeff Simmons

Marty Tourigny

Bob Van Note

Vincent Zupo






Disclosure and Regulatory Reporting


December 2020


INTRODUCTION



The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”), as a SEC registered investment adviser, in meeting its regulatory and fiduciary obligations for public disclosure of information pertaining to its business, including required regulatory filings as applicable.


I.

Policy


As a SEC registered investment adviser, GW&K is required to provide timely and accurate regulatory disclosures to the SEC, clients and prospective clients. GW&K will also ensure the appropriate maintenance of required licenses and registrations and the timely and accurate completion of required regulatory filings.


II.

Regulatory Filings and Client Disclosures


The following regulatory filings and disclosure documents are (or may be) required as part of GW&K’s business:


Form ADV


Investment advisers that are required to be registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, such as GW&K, must file a Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (“Form ADV”) with the SEC. The form ADV has three sections which are applicable to GW&K:


·

Part 1 – required information about the adviser, its business practices, persons and entities that own and control the adviser, and other similar information. This data is submitted and maintained in a database by the SEC.


·

Part 2A – “plain English” disclosure information intended for clients and prospective clients. While this document is also filed with the SEC, its primary purpose is to be offered and distributed to the public and is often referred to as the Investment Adviser’s “Brochure.”


·

Part 2B – Commonly referred to as the Investment Adviser’s “Brochure Supplement,” Part 2B is not filed with the SEC and its primary purpose is to provide additional information about the firm’s investment management personnel.


·

Part 3 – Commonly referred to as “Form CRS” (Client Relationship Summary) – New in 2020, as a registered investment adviser with “retail clients”, GW&K is required to provide all current and future retail clients with a brief client relationship summary. The primary purpose of this document is to assist retail investors with the process of deciding whether to (i) establish an investment advisory or brokerage relationship, (ii) engage a particular firm or financial professional, or (iii) terminate or switch a relationship or specific service.


In addition to GW&K being required to update and offer or distribute its Form ADV annually, GW&K must also maintain current state filings in states where it provides advisory services to clients. Given the scope of GW&K’s business, the Firm will annually determine which states to renew its filing within the United States each year (as driven by those states identified on GW&K’s Form ADV Part 1).


The annual state renewal process is completed through FINRA’s IARD reporting system. While there is typically a separate fee which must be paid to each state in order to renew, the IARD system aggregates all state fees into one invoice which is typically due in early December each year.


Form 13F


Investment advisers, such as GW&K, which manage more than $100 Million in U.S. listed securities on a discretionary basis are required to disclose their equity positions held on behalf of client accounts on a quarterly basis. This must occur within 45 days of each quarter end. (Note: Forms 13D and 13G pertain to similar reporting requirements, but are not currently applicable to GW&K.)


Form 13H


Certain Investment advisers are considered “Large Traders” by the SEC if they execute securities transactions that equal or exceed 2 million shares or $20 million during any calendar day, or 20 million shares or $200 million during any calendar month. GW&K has identified itself as a Large Trader with the Commission and has done so since its initial filing in 2011. Large traders such as GW&K are required to make quarterly updates to their Form 13H filing, most notably if there are any changes in the brokers used to execute client trades. These broker/counterparty updates to GW&K’s Form 13H must be completed within 10 days of quarter end.


Form SHC


Investment advisers, brokers, banks and certain others may be required to file the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Treasury International Capital (“TIC”) reporting form, Form SHC. The Form, due every five years, is intended to provide data to the U.S. government relating to ownership of foreign securities by U.S. residents to assist in the computation of the U.S. balance of payments accounts and the U.S. international investment position. The next reporting deadline for Form SHC is the first Friday of March 2022 for data as of December 31, 2021.


III.

Procedures


Form ADV annual update


On at least an annual basis and more frequently as necessary, GW&K will review and update its Form ADV via the FINRA IARD system as required by the 90th day following its fiscal year end, December 31.


Form ADV distribution


·

New Clients:

o

GW&K will provide a copy of its Form ADV Parts 2A and 2B and its privacy notice to all new clients. Retail clients will also receive GW&K’s Form ADV Part 3. These documents will either be furnished by GW&K directly or via a delegated third-party, such as a platform sponsor.

·

Annual Update:

o

GW&K will, as permissible under regulatory statute, provide a summary of material changes to its Form ADV with an offer or furnish a copy of its full Form ADV to all existing clients on an annual basis. This also will be either facilitated by GW&K directly or via delegated third-parties, such as a platform sponsor.



Regulatory Filing Due Dates


GW&K will maintain procedures to ensure that all regulatory filings are completed on a timely basis. To assist in overseeing these obligations, GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department will maintain a calendar of due dates for regulatory filings and other related tasks.


III. Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for overseeing the maintenance of GW&K’s Form ADV and the timely and accurate completion of all applicable regulatory filings.






Custody


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) in meeting its obligations under Rule 206(4)-2 (the “Custody Rule”) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 with respect to its management of client assets.


I.

Policy


GW&K does not offer or provide custody services to clients. As a matter of policy, GW&K and its employees do not maintain actual, physical custody of any of its clients’ assets. Under the Custody Rule, GW&K is deemed to have custody of client assets where it has been given authority to instruct the automatic deduction of advisory fees from client accounts, where GW&K is acting as the General Partner of a private fund (i.e., a limited partnership) sponsored by the firm, or as trustee for a very limited number of accounts beneficially owned by family members of senior executives of GW&K. However, custody attained solely for these purposes is exempt from certain disclosure and oversight requirements of the Custody Rule. GW&K maintains procedures designed to safeguard client assets and appropriately prevent taking physical custody of client assets, and to ensure that the activities of the firm and its employees continue to comply with the requirements of the Custody Rule.


II.

Procedures


Qualified Custodians


GW&K’s clients independently select their custodians, which may be brokers, banks, trust companies, or other qualified institutions. As a matter of policy, GW&K does not choose or select custodians for its clients. Once retained by the clients, qualified custodians will typically provide quarterly account statements directly to clients with a range of information on the assets held in the account and managed by GW&K. GW&K is not affiliated with any firms that offer custodian services. As such, all client custodians are independent of GW&K. As described below, GW&K will periodically confirm that client custodians continue to be qualified and independent, and otherwise remain in compliance with this Policy and the Custody Rule.

Asset Transfers & Safeguarding Client Assets

As required by the Custody Rule, GW&K’s authority is limited with respect to asset transfers. As a matter of policy, employees of GW&K are not permitted to have broad authority, via client letters of authorization or standing letters of authorization designating GW&K or its employees, to direct custodians to disburse funds or securities. On occasion, and at the request of selected direct GW&K clients, employees may relay the instructions of a client to the custodian to facilitate fund disbursement based upon client direction.

As general rule and as an additional security measure, GW&K follows security procedures set forth by clients’ custodians. These procedures may differ from custodian to custodian. GW&K’s Client Service Department has established desk level procedures, workflows and other internal protocols, to further implement controls for the Firm’s safeguarding of client assets. As a matter of policy, clients are required to sign-off on all new first party and all third party wire/ACH/check/money-link requests.

Additionally, GW&K utilizes dual verification processes on an on-going basis with respect to these requests. These requests will not be facilitated unless the client confirms the dual verification request.

On occasion, a client may ask GW&K to help facilitate gift giving (such as in-kind stock transfers to charitable organizations or to family members). GW&K utilizes the same dual verification and identification processes for facilitating security transfers from the client’s custodian as the Firm does for cash transfers. These matters are treated like third-party disbursements, including the dual verification requirements set forth above. As a matter of policy, GW&K will not seek, request or maintain client custodian bank account login information including associated passwords related to client accounts.

Check-writing Authority & Direct Fee Deduction Accounts


As a matter of policy, GW&K is not permitted to have or maintain check-writing authority on any client account. In any case where GW&K’s fee is directly deducted from the client’s custodial account for payment, GW&K is deemed under the Custody Rule to have custody. In these situations, GW&K will have a reasonable basis, after due inquiry, to believe that client qualified custodians send account statements, at least quarterly, to clients. These custodian account statements will typically include all account activities and transactions during the quarter, securities held, and total account value. GW&K will periodically confirm with the custodians that their practices continue to meet the requirements of the Custody Rule and this Policy.


Private Funds


Under the Custody Rule, and as described in GW&K’s Form ADV, GW&K is deemed to have custody of client assets where a wholly-owned subsidiary of the firm serves as general partner of the private funds that are sponsored and managed by GW&K, and that are organized as limited partnerships. In accordance with the requirements of the Custody Rule, an independent accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board conducts an annual audit of the funds’ financial statements within 90 days of each fund’s fiscal year-end, and all private fund investors receive a copy of the fund’s annual audited financial statements, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which must be mailed within 120 days of fiscal year-end.


Client Custody Agreements & Inadvertent Receipt of Client Assets


GW&K is not party to client custody agreements and the Firm does not have basis to know whether any of its clients’ custodial agreements would give the Firm inadvertent custody. GW&K does not seek or maintain copies of client custodial agreements. Regardless of any provisions in client custody agreements, GW&K will not accept or act on purported authority that is not consistent with this Policy or Custody Rule.


It is GW&K’s policy to not accept cash, securities or other client assets (collectively “Client Assets”) from clients. In the event that Client Assets are received inadvertently by GW&K, the incident will be documented and the Client Assets will be returned to the client or returned to sender within three (3) business days. Additionally, a letter will be sent with the returned Client Assets reminding the client or the representative that all such transactions must be handled by the custodian.


Role as Trustee


In accordance with the Custody Rule and related SEC staff guidance, the role of a GW&K employee that serves as a trustee of a trust that is managed by GW&K will not impute GW&K to have custody, if the employee has been appointed as trustee as a result of a family or personal relationship with the grantor or beneficiary and not as a result of employment with GW&K.



 


GW&K has authorized a limited number of senior executives of the Firm to become trustees for a small number of family trusts. As a matter of policy, GW&K employees are not permitted to serve as trustee to a non-family member client of GW&K. Furthermore, any new trustee roles must be approved by GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department and Management Committee.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for overseeing the Firm’s compliance with this Policy and the Custody Rule, conducting periodic employee training on Custody practices, and periodically assessing Firm compliance with this Policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Privacy


December 2020




INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to help ensure that GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”), a Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registered investment adviser, meets its obligations under applicable regulations and fiduciary responsibilities to protect clients’ non-public personal information and to provide proper disclosures to its clients regarding those policies and procedures. As an SEC registered investment adviser, GW&K’s specific duties under the SEC Regulation S-P include:


·

Providing each GW&K advisory client with an initial and annual notice describing GW&K’s privacy policy and practices; and


·

Developing policies and procedures reasonably designed to protect client records and other non- public personal information.


Additionally, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts requires the development and implementation of a comprehensive written information security plan (“WISP”) to ensure the security and confidentiality of a Massachusetts resident’s personal information and to protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security of that information, including unauthorized access to or use of such information in a manner that creates the risk of identity theft or fraud. Other federal and state laws and regulations may also impose limitations and requirements on the collection, dissemination, safeguarding, use and disposal of personal information.


Finally, certain GW&K clients are resident in the European Union and GW&K may be deemed a Data Controller or Data Processor as defined in Regulation EU 2016/679, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), and as such must ensure that personal data processed by, or on behalf of, GW&K is processed in a manner which complies with the requirements and obligations prescribed by GDPR.


I.

Policy


All non-public information, whether relating to GW&K's current, prospective, or former clients, is subject to this privacy policy and procedures. Each employee of GW&K, bound by GW&K’s Code of Ethics, is responsible for ensuring that client information is kept confidential and any doubts about the privacy of client information must be resolved in favor of confidentiality or determined by GW&K’s Legal and Compliance Department. GW&K shall maintain the privacy of its clients in the manner disclosed in this policy and within GW&K’s WISP.


GW&K does not sell client information. GW&K does not disclose or share any non-public personal information to anyone, except as permitted or required by law. Information is only disclosed to non- affiliated third-parties in circumstances such as maintaining or servicing a customer’s account, or complying with federal, state, or local laws.


II.

Procedures


GW&K maintains firm-wide administrative, technical and physical safeguards designed to comply with federal regulatory standards to protect GW&K’s current, prospective or former clients’ non-public personal information. Access to electronic client information is limited by electronic safeguards, such as passwords for access to Firm networks, data and programs and is administered and monitored by GW&K’s Information Technology Department. GW&K’s office and building physical security is controlled via electronic identification card readers at both building and GW&K office entry points.

Video monitoring provides an additional level of security at key points.


 

GW&K systems are backed-up on an on-going basis with remote third-party maintenance and storage of critical data. Physical documents maintained by individual business units are kept in areas accessible only via access card entry and within lockable cabinets and files. Additionally, GW&K archives older physical documents off-site with a third-party records management firm covered by a confidentiality agreement. Access to GW&K’s data centers are limited to identified GW&K personnel.


GW&K’s Client Service Department will provide each new client with initial notice of GW&K’s privacy policies and procedures when the client relationship is established. On an annual basis, existing clients will also receive a Privacy Notice. In situations where GW&K delegates this responsibility to managers of third-party sponsored programs, GW&K will, on at least an annual basis, confirm the distribution of the Privacy Notice.


GW&K’s Privacy Notice is included as part of its Form ADV Part 2A. If, at any time, GW&K adopts material changes to its Privacy Policy, GW&K’s Legal and Compliance Department will update the policy and GW&K will provide clients with a revised Privacy Notice.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing Firm compliance with this Policy and the effectiveness of its implementation and:


(i)

Maintaining and reviewing these policies and procedures and verifying that GW&K is acting in accordance with applicable federal laws and regulations;

(ii)

Distributing these policies and procedures to employees and conducting appropriate employee training to verify employee adherence to these policies and procedures;

(iii)

Periodically verifying that required privacy notices are being distributed to GW&K's clients.





Comprehensive Written Information Security Plan


 

December 2020


Comprehensive Written Information Security Plan


I.

Objective


GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) recognizes the importance of providing a secure environment for any non-public personal information it maintains in the course of its business, whether that information is maintained in physical or electronic form.


GW&K’s objective, in the development and implementation of this comprehensive written information security plan (“Plan”), is to create effective safeguards for the protection of personal information of residents of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as required by Massachusetts law and other applicable laws and regulations which impose limitations and requirements on the collection, dissemination, safeguarding, use and disposal of personal information. The Plan sets forth procedures for implementing and evaluating electronic and physical methods for protecting “personal information” and the escalation and reporting process in the event of a breach.


II.

Purpose


The purpose of the Plan is to establish procedures and internal controls that are reasonably designed to:


(a)

Ensure the security and confidentiality of personal information;

(b)

Protect against any reasonably anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information;

(c)

Protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information in a manner that creates a substantial risk of identity theft or fraud.


III.

Scope


In formulating and implementing the Plan, GW&K:


1)

Identified reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks to the security, confidentiality, and/or integrity of any electronic, paper or other records containing personal information;

2)

Assessed the likelihood and potential damage of these threats, taking into consideration the sensitivity of the personal information and the limited amount of personal information held by GW&K;

3)

Evaluated the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, customer information systems, and other safeguards in place to protect information and Firm systems broadly, and to control risks;

4)

Designed and implemented a plan that enhances existing safeguards to further minimize those risks, consistent with the requirements of the applicable law; and

5)

Regularly monitor the effectiveness of those safeguards.


IV.

Data Security Coordinator


GW&K has designated its Director of Compliance & Risk Management as the firm’s “Data Security Coordinator” to supervise and maintain the Plan. The Data Security Coordinator will be responsible for:


(a)

Initial implementation of the Plan;


(b)

Conducting an annual training session on relevant aspects of the Plan for all employees and independent contractors, including temporary and contract employees who have access to personal information and maintaining related records;


(c)

Regular testing of the Plan’s safeguards;


(d)

Evaluating the ability of each of GW&K’s third party service providers to implement and maintain appropriate security measures for the personal information to which GW&K has permitted access, consistent with applicable law; and requiring such third party service providers by contract to implement and maintain appropriate security measures;


(e)

Reviewing the scope of the security measures in the Plan at least annually, or whenever there is a material change in firm business practices that may implicate the security or integrity of records containing personal information; and


(f)

Ensuring that GW&K’s obligations under this Plan are properly discharged.


V.

Safeguards


To address potential risks to the security, confidentiality, and/or integrity of any electronic, paper or other records containing personal information, and to evaluate and improve, where necessary, the effectiveness of the current safeguards for limiting such risks, GW&K has implemented a series of administrative, technical and physical safeguards and other measures, including the following:


Administrative Safeguards


·

A copy of the Plan is distributed to each employee who must acknowledge in writing that they have received and read a copy of the Plan.


·

All employees with access to personal information are provided periodic training regarding the relevant provisions of the Plan.


·

All employees are required to comply with the provisions of the Plan, and are prohibited from any nonconforming use of personal information during or after employment; and disciplinary action is taken for violation of security provisions of the Plan (the nature of the disciplinary measures may depend on a number of factors including the nature of the violation and the nature of the personal information affected by the violation).


·

The amount of personal information collected is limited to an amount reasonably necessary to accomplish legitimate business purposes, or necessary for GW&K to comply with applicable law.


·

Security measures are reviewed at least annually, and more frequently as needed. The Data Security Coordinator is responsible for conducting this review.



·

In the event an employee is terminated from GW&K, that individual is required to return all records containing personal information, in any form, that may at the time of such termination be in the former employee’s possession. In addition, all physical and electronic access to firm systems, offices and information (including any personal information) is immediately discontinued, and the terminated employee is required to surrender all keys, IDs, access codes, company issued computer and mobile devices, badges, business cards, and the like, that could permit access to GW&K’s office, systems or information.


·

Employees are required to report any suspicious or unauthorized use of personal information.




 


Physical Safeguards


·

Office locations have security systems and other physical restrictions on entrance and access, including key card access, video monitoring, locked internal and external doors and secure file cabinets, storage locations and servers.


·

Access to records containing personal information is limited to those persons who are reasonably required to possess such information in order to accomplish legitimate business purpose or to enable GW&K to comply with other state or federal regulations.


·

Personal information maintained in hardcopy form is stored and maintained in secure and/or locked storage facilities or containers.


·

The disposal of paper or electronic records (including records stored on hard drives or other electronic media) must be made only in a manner that complies with applicable law.


Technical Safeguards


·

A comprehensive series of access restrictions has been implemented on firm systems, including firewalls, password protocols, operating system security patches, virus protection and other protections for data and information, including personal information.


·

Secure user authentication protocols have been implemented, including, but not limited to:


(1)

Protocols for control of user IDs and other identifiers;


(2)

A secure method of assigning and selecting passwords;


(3)

Control of data security passwords to ensure that such passwords are kept in a location and/or format that does not compromise the security of the data they protect;


(4)

Restriction of access to active users and active user accounts only, with time-out’s to require re-log in after a computer or other device has been inactive for a specified period; and


(5)

Blocking of access to user identification after multiple unsuccessful attempts to gain access.


·

All records and files containing personal information that are transmitted electronically across public networks or wirelessly are required to be encrypted or password protected to the extent technically feasible. Encryption for this purpose means the transformation of data into a form in which meaning cannot be assigned without the use of a confidential process or key.


·

GW&K’s Information Technology Department monitors firm computer systems for unauthorized use of or access to personal information.


VII.

Incident Response


Despite guidelines for securing confidential electronic data, breaches can still occur. At such times, it is important that the Firm respond as quickly and prudently as possible. Firm issued or personal computer and mobile device loss/theft should be reported immediately to GW&K’s Director of Information Technology. All other types of breaches should be reported immediately to GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel, who (working with senior management and the Data Security Coordinator, as needed) will determine the course of action in response to the incident. Steps that GW&K may take in the event of a data security breach include:


·

Determination of the nature and scope of the breach;


·

Communication about the breach to authorized individuals at GW&K and others as needed;


·

Investigation and assessment of the breach, including considerations such as the circumstances and severity of the breach; confirmation/inventory of confidential materials at risk; determination whether security measures were defeated or circumvented; and assessing the likelihood of recovering data (or stolen equipment);


·

Remediation of breach;


·

Notification of breach, including (depending upon the circumstances) to affected individuals, other personnel, and/or appropriate regulatory bodies (such as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Attorney General, the Director of Office of Consumer Affairs & Business Regulation, and any applicable state regulatory bodies and agencies, consumer reporting agencies and in the case of EU residents, the relevant EU data protection regulator as proscribed in Regulation EU 2016/679, the General Data Protection Regulation); and/or


·

Post incident follow-up, including review and enhancement as needed of existing procedures, internal controls and security protocols.


VIII.

Oversight and Documentation


On a periodic basis, but generally no less than annually, GW&K’s Cybersecurity & Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Committee will review these policies and procedures for the adequacy of their implementation and effectiveness.





Identity Theft Red Flags


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


SEC Regulation S-ID, also known as the “Identity Theft Red Flags Rule” requires registered investment advisers, such as GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”), that offer or maintain certain types of client accounts to develop, implement and administer a risk-based program for detecting identity theft “Red Flags” that could indicate a client has been the victim of identity theft.


Generally, client accounts covered by the Rule include those belonging to individuals (i.e., natural persons) from which the account holder is permitted to conduct wire transfers or make multiple payments or transactions for personal, family or household purposes, or any other accounts that pose a risk of fraud. For the purpose of this Policy, Red Flags are defined as a pattern, practice or specific activity that could indicate identity theft.


I.

Policy


As a registered investment adviser that solely provides portfolio management services to clients, GW&K does not “offer” the establishment of covered accounts as noted above and defined under the Rule.

However, under certain circumstances, GW&K manages accounts covered by Regulation S-ID, and as a result, the Firm has implemented a risk-based Identity Theft Red Flags Program (“Program”) which supplements GW&K’s Custody, Privacy, Information Security and Anti-Money Laundering Policies. The Program includes provisions for identifying, detecting and responding to Red Flags, as well for the administration and periodic update of the Program. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for administration and oversight of the Program, including the maintenance of required documentation and records.


II.

Risk Analysis


GW&K maintains internal controls and procedures designed to mitigate and monitor the potential risk of clients becoming victims of identity theft. Although it is GW&K’s general policy that neither it, nor any of its employees will maintain actual or take physical custody of client assets (including cash, securities or other types of client assets), GW&K maintains Custody Policies and Procedures designed to further ensure the safeguarding of client assets.


By design, GW&K does not provide its clients the ability to open or access their accounts through GW&K web-based access points to further mitigate the likelihood of identity theft.


III.

Program


As required by the Rule, GW&K has implemented a Program which is risk based and seeks to minimize the risk of GW&K’s clients from becoming the victim of identity theft.


GW&K’s Program includes policies and procedures regarding the opening and maintenance of client accounts. The Identity Theft Red Flags Policy is further complemented by GW&K’s other written policies and procedures, including the Firm’s:


·

Privacy

·

Comprehensive Written Information Security Plan

·

Custody

·

Cybersecurity

·

Data Security Incident Response

·

Anti-Money Laundering



 


Per firm policy, any client account activity that indicates potential identity theft is required to be brought to GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department’s attention. The Legal & Compliance Department will work with management to confirm if a Red Flag has been detected and will determine the appropriate response. To identify relevant Red Flags, GW&K will assess risk factors including but not limited to: (1) the types of covered accounts it offers, (2) the methods it provides to open or access these accounts, and (3) previous experience with identity theft. GW&K will also consider the sources of Red Flags, including identity theft incidents that others in the financial services industry have experienced, changing identity theft techniques that may impact the Firm’s business segment and applicable supervisory guidance. The following scenarios have been identified as potential indicators of identity theft, in the context of GW&K’s business:


·

Documents provided for identification appear to have been altered or forged

·

Personal identifying information provided by the client is not consistent with other personal identifying information provided by the client

·

The client fails to provide all required personal identifying information in a written request or in response to notification that the request is incomplete

·

Personal identifying information that is provided is inconsistent with personal identifying information that is on file with GW&K

·

The client makes an uncharacteristic request(s) for large and/or frequent transfers

·

Suspicious residential address or email address changes

·

Correspondence to clients returned as undeliverable

·

Notification that clients are not receiving written statements

·

The frequency or amount of transactions increases significantly after recent change in address or other contact information

·

Details provided via phone for identification are inconsistent with previous requests or discussions

·

Receipt of notice from clients, law enforcement authorities, or other persons regarding possible identity theft or attempted identity theft in connection with covered accounts.


These examples are not meant to be exhaustive but have been created to assist GW&K in considering relevant Red Flags in the context of the Firm’s business and client base.


IV.

Periodic Review and Oversight


On a periodic basis, GW&K will evaluate its risk analysis to determine if its business, client base or experience with identity theft warrants changes to the Program. In the event of material incidences of identity theft, GW&K may choose to change the Firm’s risk profile as a result. Changes that may impact GW&K’s analysis include changes in types of client accounts offered, changes in methods for opening or accessing client accounts or any identity theft experience that GW&K’s clients have had that would suggest a foreseeable risk of identity theft. Any material changes to the Program are to be approved by GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department and Management Committee.


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for administration and oversight of the Program, including the training of relevant employees, oversight of third party service providers and the maintenance of required documentation and records. Legal & Compliance Department members will report to GW&K’s Management Committee on an annual basis regarding the Program in conjunction with GW&K’s Annual Compliance Review.






Cybersecurity


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) has adopted this Cybersecurity Policy in response to continued and evolving cyber threats to financial services firms. The objective of the policy is to create effective safeguards for the protection of confidential and sensitive information, such as our clients’ personal and financial data (“Personal Information”) as well as GW&K’s intellectual property.


I.

Policy


GW&K has adopted this cybersecurity policy and supporting procedures (“Cybersecurity Policy”) to help protect against the unauthorized disclosure, use, theft, or destruction of Personal Information which could impact clients and expose GW&K to financial loss, regulatory action, negligence claims and reputational harm. The Cybersecurity Policy is further complemented by other GW&K written policies and procedures, including the Firm’s:


·

IT Security Policy

·

Incident Response Procedures

·

Privacy Policy

·

Written Information Security Policy (MA WISP)

·

Identify Theft Red Flags Policy

·

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Plan

·

Code of Ethics Policy

·

Books and Records Policy


All GW&K employees are responsible for complying with this Policy and the above noted policies and procedures. GW&K may also subject certain consultants and other third-parties to the Cybersecurity Policy at its discretion.


II.

Program


Cybersecurity & Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Committee


GW&K maintains a Cybersecurity & Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Committee (“Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee”) which meets quarterly to review the adequacy and implementation of GW&K’s cybersecurity policies and procedures and to discuss any new or evolving cyber threats, industry trends, or changing best practices that may be applicable. The Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee is chaired by GW&K’s Director of Technology and its members include GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, managers of the Client Services Department, and additional personnel within GW&K’s Information Technology, Legal & Compliance and Client Services departments.


Risk Assessment


GW&K’s Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee will periodically conduct a cybersecurity risk assessment designed to identify and evaluate reasonably foreseeable internal and external threats to the safety of GW&K’s confidential and sensitive information and the security of our critical information technology infrastructure. As part of the assessment, GW&K will consider how confidential and sensitive information is collected, stored, processed, and transmitted throughout the Firm and the Firm’s critical third-party vendors and service providers. The assessment will also consider the current security controls and processes in place and the potential impact to the Firm should its information technology systems become compromised.



 


Information Security Controls


GW&K has various technical, administrative, and physical safeguards in place to protect information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction. These policies and procedures are primarily described in GW&K’s IT Security Policy and Written Information Security Policy.


Oversight of vendors and other third parties


Prior to retaining any vendor or third-party that will have access to GW&K’s confidential and sensitive information, including client data, or the Firm’s network, systems, or physical property, employees must obtain the approval from GW&K’s Information Technology and Legal & Compliance Departments. GW&K’s Director of Technology, in collaboration with GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department, is responsible for coordinating the following:


1)

Due diligence of the vendor’s cybersecurity risks and controls to confirm the vendor has the capacity to adequately protect the Firm’s critical IT infrastructure and/or Personal Information;

2)

A review of relevant contractual documentation to confirm the vendor is obligated to implement and maintain security measures necessary to safeguard client and the Firm’s confidential and sensitive information;

3)

An assessment of the third party’s proposed access privileges and any proposed segregation of sensitive network resources from the third-party; and,

4)

An evaluation of the processes in place to approve, log, and monitor the vendor’s access to the Firm’s network and information systems.

5)

Periodic ongoing due diligence over critical/key vendors.


Remote Customer Access


GW&K permits clients to view online account information and statements via a third party vendor site, SunGard Data Exchange. SunGard is a secure site which controls access to data through user credentials, authentication and authorization methods. Currently, the Firm has not authorized any other online platform to share account information with clients. If an employee desires to share account information with clients via a new online platform, website, application, or filing sharing site, the person must obtain approval from GW&K’s Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee. In reviewing the system, the Committee will consider the reputation of the service provider, the functionality of the platform (e.g., balance inquiries, address and contact information changes, beneficiary changes, and internal and external transfer funds) and the vendor’s security measures in places, such as customer authentication protocols, processes to detect anomalous transaction requests, and systems to protect and restrict access to customer information and passwords.


Identity Theft Red Flags


SEC Regulation S-ID, also known as the “Identity Theft Red Flags Rule” requires investment advisers that offer or maintain certain types of client accounts to develop, implement and administer a risk- based program for detecting identity theft “Red Flags” that could indicate a client has been the victim of identity theft. Generally, client accounts covered by the Rule include those belonging to individuals (i.e., natural persons) from which the account holder is permitted to conduct wire transfers or make multiple payments or transactions for personal, family or household purposes, or any other accounts that pose a risk of fraud. For further details on Firm’s identify theft program and potential “Red Flags,” please refer to GW&K’s Identity Theft Red Flags Policy.



 


Funds Transfer Requests


GW&K’s clients select their custodians and determine their arrangements for custody of securities and cash in their accounts. As a matter of policy, GW&K and its employees do not maintain actual, physical custody of any of its clients’ assets. As required by the Custody Rule, GW&K’s authority is limited. Employees of GW&K are not permitted to have broad authority, via client letters of authorization or standing letters of authorization designating GW&K or its employees, to direct custodians to disburse funds or securities. On occasion, and at the request of selected direct GW&K clients, employees may relay the instructions of a client to the custodian to facilitate fund disbursement based upon client direction. GW&K’s Custody policy provides for additional detail regarding Rule 206(4)-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Custody Rule”) and GW&K’s asset transfer and safeguarding client assets procedures. More information on GW&K’s custody practices may be found within GW&K’s Custody Policy.


Employee Training


Employees unfamiliar with the Firm’s cybersecurity threats and counteractive measures can pose a significant risk to the Firm’s information security. For example, uninformed employees could infect the Firm’s network by visiting a website with malware, responding to a phishing e-mail, downloading unapproved software, or providing confidential information over the phone when exposed to social engineering.


Accordingly, on a periodic basis, but no less than annually, members of GW&K’s Information Technology Department will provide information technology security-awareness training to educate employees on applicable cybersecurity-related threats and the Firm’s policies and procedures to prevent, detect, and respond to such threats. The form of the training may include classroom style training sessions, computer based training, email reminders, certifications, or other methods to help solidify employees’ understanding of the Firm’s applicable cybersecurity related risks and procedures. Incident Response


In spite of the implementation of cybersecurity controls, as seen in the media, many companies suffer data breaches or other data security incidents. The Firm’s plan for resuming operations during a disruption, including a cyber-security attack, is documented in GW&K’s Incident Response Procedures and within the Firm’s Business Continuity Plan.


In the event of a potential data security incident, it is critical that the Firm investigate and respond to the incident as quickly and prudently as possible to minimize any potential negative impact to clients, the Firm and GW&K employees. Accordingly, employees are required to report potential data security incidents immediately to the Firm’s Incident Response Team, who will determine the appropriate course of action in accordance with the Firm’s Incident Response Procedures. This Incident Response Team is comprised of a subset of members of GW&K’s Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee, including GW&K’s Director of Technology, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Director of Compliance and Risk Management. Examples of potential reportable data incidents may include:


·

Indications of a computer virus or malware,

·

Suspicious download or change to installed software,

·

Unexpected password lockout,

·

Data missing or corrupted,

·

Lost or misplaced device with GW&K data or connectivity,

·

Social engineering attempt,

·

Unusual or unexpected contact by a client, or

·

Client reports unexpected contact by a GW&K employee.


The Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee is responsible for maintaining a log of material data security incidents. The log typically includes a description of the incident, the date of the incident, the impact of the incident (actual or potential), resolution of the incident, and any corrective actions taken to prevent similar security incidents in the future.


Testing


On a periodic basis, and as part of risk assessment described above, the Firm will test (or will arrange a third-party to test on its behalf) the design and effectiveness of its cybersecurity controls. A summary of the testing and the Firm’s vulnerabilities with suggested corrective actions will be documented by GW&K’s Information Technology Department.


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance and Information Technology Departments will report to GW&K’s Management Committee on an annual basis regarding the Program, or more frequently as needed. This report may discuss the effectiveness of the Program as well as any material matters and suggested recommendations related to the Program.



III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance and Information Technology Departments are responsible for administration and oversight of the Program, including the training of relevant employees and the maintenance of required documentation and records.


GW&K’s Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee is responsible for coordinating the Firm’s efforts in developing and implementing a cybersecurity program. The Cybersecurity & BC/DR Committee will meet on a quarterly basis to review the status of the Firm’s cybersecurity initiatives and any assessments performed of the Firm’s cybersecurity risks and controls.





Information Technology End User


December 2020




INTRODUCTION


GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) has adopted this Information Technology (“IT”) End User Policy in an effort to ensure that GW&K Employees (“Employees”) conduct business in accordance with the highest ethical standards and in full compliance with all applicable laws. The policy was developed to provide guidance to all Employees and to ensure a consistent approach to business practices throughout the firm.


I.

Policy


The IT End User Policy and supporting procedures set forth the guidelines and requirements applicable to the use of electronic communications and information systems by Employees to help effectively manage and safeguard the use of all IT equipment, data infrastructure and facilities. All Employees are expected to maintain a relationship of confidence and trust with respect to any electronic communications and stored information that relates to clients, GW&K and its Employees.


GW&K provides hardware, software and services to Employees for business purposes. It is each Employee’s responsibility to understand and uphold these guidelines and the spirit of the guidelines, and to conduct their activities appropriately and in accordance with this policy.


II.

Definitions


“Employee” – Any partner, employee, part-time employee, or designated consultant or temporary personnel.


End-User Device” – Any Mobile Device, computer, or storage system accessing, collecting, and/or storing data, regardless of the ownership of the End-User Device.


Mobile Device” – Includes small, portable devices accessing, collecting, and/or storing data. Included in this are tablets, smart phones, smart watches, and other “wearable” devices, typically running Android, iOS, or Windows RT operating systems.


Information Systems” – Includes all forms of network-connected devices, operated by or on behalf of GW&K, that provide services and/or data to End-User Devices; it includes, but is not limited to, database, email, file, and web servers.


III.

GW&K Privacy and Confidentiality


Expectation of Privacy


GW&K Information Systems are GW&K’s property and, as a result, Employees should not assume or expect privacy with respect to any personal information or matter received, sent, or maintained on these systems. All GW&K Information Systems are monitored by GW&K’s Information Technology and Legal & Compliance Departments. Further GW&K privacy-related Policy matters are covered under the Firm’s Employee handbook, Email Policy, Code of Ethics Policy, Privacy Policy and Written Information Security Plan (“WISP”).


Confidentiality


GW&K’s Privacy Policy and WISP apply to all uses of GW&K Information Systems. All Employees should be aware that information stored on information systems, both within and outside GW&K, may be required to be disclosed in response to regulatory, legal or other inquiry. Accordingly, Employees should act in their Fiduciary duty, including use their best judgment when using GW&K Information systems, including, but not limited to, sending or responding to e-mail messages, leaving voicemail messages, and utilizing the internet and/or social media.


IV.

Electronic Communication Guidelines:


GW&K Information Systems contain communication tools which are provided and approved by GW&K to enable Employees to send and receive business information efficiently and for record keeping requirements and oversight. Uses that are inconsistent with GW&K’s business objectives are a violation of this Policy. Employees must be mindful at all times that our conduct must meet GW&K’s fiduciary obligations to clients; as result, all Employees are required to comply with the following guidelines:


·

All GW&K business must be conducted on GW&K approved information systems.

o

When sending email messages for business purposes, employees must use GW&K business email systems.

o

Employees are prohibited, unless pre-approved by the Director of Information Technology and the Legal & Compliance Department, from sending or forwarding GW&K-related business information (including attachments) to their personal e-mail accounts and to other outside non-business related email accounts.

o

Automated rules that forward messages outside of our systems are prohibited.

·

Employees are prohibited from using GW&K Information Systems in any way that may be disruptive, offensive or harmful to GW&K or to others, including, but not limited to, downloading the display or transmission of profanity, vulgarity, material with a sexual content or any other material that would be construed as offensive, harassing or disrespectful or otherwise in violation of GW&K’s policies. GW&K reserves the right at any time to block internet sites that are believed to be inconsistent with GW&K’s business objectives or otherwise deemed inappropriate or unsafe.

·

GW&K User ID’s and Passwords (collectively, “GWK credentials”) are required to access GW&K Information Systems and should be maintained as confidential information.

o

Employees are prohibited from sharing GW&K credentials.

o

GW&K credentials should never be used for external or personal credentials.

o

GW&K credentials should only be stored in approved formats and systems.

o

Due to the cybersecurity risks posed by “phishing” and other scams, GW&K credentials should never be entered into a third party system, device, website or other media, without prior approval of GW&K’s Information Technology Department.

·

Employees are prohibited from downloading and/or installing software (this includes upgrades and patches to software, operating systems or firmware) or subscribing to any services (e.g., cloud software, voice lines, conference calling, data connections, etc.) on any GW&K supplied technology without prior approval from IT.

·

Employees are prohibited from storing GW&K material on non-approved file storage devices, systems or services (e.g. USB or other detachable drives, CD’s, personal computers) and online file shares services (e.g. Google, Microsoft OneDrive, DropBox, etc.).

·

GW&K reserves the right to remove any non-business related files from GW&K Information Systems or End-User Devices without notification.

·

GW&K Information Systems should only be accessed by GW&K-owned hardware/software and GW&K Information Technology Department approved Bring Your Own Device (“BYOD”) (see guidelines on pages 3 and 4).

·

Employees should not knowingly or intentionally subvert any IT security systems, including, but not limited to, altering the configuration of hardware, visiting on-line resources for purposes of hacking or trying to gain access to unauthorized files or blocked internet sites.

·

Employees should immediately report any unusual systems activity or behavior to Information Technology Department including any unintentional disclosure of GW&K credentials or information.


·

Employees are required to uphold all software copyrights and license agreements. Software or licenses provided by GW&K are only valid while working for GW&K. If employment with GW&K is terminated, all software and licensing provided must be removed and returned.

*Additional guidelines and best practices related to passwords are available from the Information Technology Department or in the Cybersecurity User Awareness training materials on GW&K’s intranet.


V.

Remote Access/Travel Guidelines:


Employees should use caution when accessing GW&K Information Systems from remote locations. GW&K’s International Travel Policy should be review prior to any international travel. In addition, the following guidelines are required to be followed:


·

Employees must notify the Information Technology Department in advance of certain international business travel as outlined in GW&K’s International Travel Policy.

·

Employees are prohibited from using public internet kiosks or hotel business center computers for storing, sending or receiving any business information or connecting to our systems.

·

Use of your GW&K issued equipment may be prohibited in certain countries (confirm with GW&K’s Information Technology Department for a list of current restricted countries)

·

GW&K’s Information Technology Department must be notified immediately of any lost or misplaced corporate devices or personal devices with GW&K business related information.


VI.

Social Media Guidelines:


As stated within this Policy and GW&K’s Social Media Policy, GW&K Information Systems are intended for business purposes only. Employees are discouraged from using GW&K Information Systems to access internet bulletin boards, chat rooms (e.g. WhatsApp, WeChat) or web blogs (e.g., Twitter), and social networking sites (e.g. Facebook, Instagram) and file sharing sites (e.g. YouTube, Google, Flickr), for personal use as these sites are not consistent with GW&K’s business objectives. Employees are prohibited from displaying photographs or other images depicting GW&K, Affiliates or GW&K events or material on any social media site unless approved by GW&K’s Marketing and Legal & Compliance Departments. The following are additional guidelines which must be followed in accordance when using social media sites and services:


Unless approved by GW&K’s Marketing and Legal & Compliance Departments, Employees are not permitted to reveal more than GW&K’s name as employer, or their position (or positions, as appropriate) at GW&K on professional social networks and websites such as LinkedIn. GW&K’s Marketing Department has developed procedures which are required to be followed prior to using LinkedIn for any GW&K business purposes.


VII.

BYOD Guidelines:


GW&K recognizes that some Employees may, as a matter of convenience, use a personal portable electronic device of their choosing for work purposes, also known as “Bring Your Own Device” or “BYOD”. If an Employee wishes to use a personal device to access business related information or communications, the use of that device will be subject to this Policy. In addition, there are important protocols that must be followed to protect the security and integrity of GW&K’s data and technology infrastructure.


 


·

BYOD devices will be enabled by GW&K’s Information Technology Department, so that it may be used to access GW&K information without violating this Policy. However, the personal device will not otherwise be supported.

·

Currently, only access to email, calendar and contacts via ActiveSync is supported. File storage and sharing should be managed using approved corporate cloud repositories (e.g. Seismic).

·

BYOD users are required to accept password requirements; GW&K’s ability to wipe GW&K data or, if necessary, all data; and the installation of control software if required. Control software is used to facilitate security policies and manage distribution of GW&K’s data, configuration, or device policies.

·

GW&K Information Technology Department must be notified immediately of any lost or replaced personal device which contained GW&K software or business information.

·

No personal devices are allowed on the GW&K wired network or internal Wi-Fi network. All personal devices brought into GW&K’s office may only connect to the GW&K Guest Wi-Fi network or personal cellular service. GW&K encourages all non-work related web browsing and internet access be conducted on personal devices using the Guest network to protect GW&K business networks from malware or other harmful agents that might reside on personal devices or systems they access.

·

All devices accessing the GW&K Guest Wi-Fi network are required to complete a registration process and are subject to tracking and logging of all usage with no expectation of privacy.


VIII.

Oversight and Violations


Employees are required to notify a member of GW&K’s Information Technology Department or the Legal & Compliance Department upon learning of any violation of this policy. Employees who violate this policy may be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. The Information Technology and Legal & Compliance Departments are responsible for the administration and oversight of this Policy, which includes periodic training of employees and periodic review and maintenance of Policy documents.



















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Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Plan



December 2020






Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Plan


December 2020



INTRODUCTION


GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) maintains this Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Plan (“BCP”) in accordance with firm policies and procedures. The BCP is designed to assist in GW&K’s preparedness to continue normal, or as close to normal as possible, business operations in the event of a disruption that prevents employees from working in GW&K’s office space or from otherwise accessing GW&K’s information technology systems and other infrastructure through conventional means.


GW&K maintains information technology infrastructure redundancy, employee secured remote access to GW&K network and platforms, and other applicable contingencies which are effectively aligned with its business while also meeting generally accepted industry standards for these considerations.


I.

Notification


In the event of a potential business disruption, GW&K’s Management Committee, through coordination with GW&K’s Director of Information Technology and Director of Human Resources, will determine whether and to what degree business continuity protocols are to be implemented. Depending on the nature of the event, instruction and update communications may be disseminated from members of GW&K’s Management Committee directly to all employees or through GW&K managers to their teams. GW&K has contracted with a third-party vendor, SendWordNow, to enable multi-mode messaging for contacting employees in the event normal mail servers are unavailable. Employees will receive text, phone or email messages to non-GW&K accounts as listed in their contingency contact information. On an annual basis, GW&K’s Human Resources Department will test SendWordNow to ensure the contingency system is functioning appropriately.


GW&K employees are required to act in accordance with BCP related instructions and consult with their managers for any necessary clarification. It is expected that GW&K employees will operate “business as usual” unless they receive official BCP communication. Any deviation from normal protocols or from instructed BCP protocols are reviewed and approved by management on a case-by-case basis.


Employee Emergency Contact Information


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance and Human Resources Departments will coordinate the collection and maintenance of employee contact information (including home address, mobile phone number, alternate email address, etc). On a periodic basis, employees will review and confirm that their submitted personal information on file is accurate. For contingency purposes, employee contact information will be made available to GW&K management. Additionally, employee contact information will be stored in a secure online application to ensure it can be accessed by a member of GW&K’s Legal & Compliance department to be re-distributed, if necessary, in the event of a business disruption.


II.

Business Disruption Scenarios


The following general scenarios are intended to illustrate how GW&K’s response protocols and procedures may be implemented under varying degrees of business disruption. These guidelines may be subject to change given specific circumstances that arise in a BCP event. GW&K’s headquarters is located at 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts with additional offices located in Winter Park, Florida and New York, New York. These offices are collectively designated “GW&K office(s)” for the following business disruption scenarios:


Scenario 1:

Physical access to all GW&K offices is available, but access to systems, voice or data network are NOT operating at normal or functional levels.

Scenario 2:

Physical access to one or more GW&K office is NOT available, but systems, voice and data network are operating normally.

Scenario 3:

Physical access to one or more GW&K office is NOT available and systems, voice or data network are NOT operating at normal or functional levels, due to local power outage, damage to building(s), or other factors.


Assumptions for all Scenarios


·

E-mail access operational via Exchange (primary or secondary), Outlook Web Access or Mimecast.

·

Internet and cellular networks operational.

·

Trading, CRM, Accounting, and reporting systems operational on primary or secondary servers on the network or via Citrix Xenapp.

·

Bloomberg access operational via onsite terminals or via the internet using “Bloomberg Anywhere.”


Scenario 1:

Implies physical access to all GW&K offices is available but there has been some degree of failure to voice and data network, such as local hardware issues, A/C failure in one or more server rooms etc.


·

If GW&K’s data network is down, employees will typically work remotely unless they are already working at a GW&K office and the Information Technology Department can set up a working substitute network. If GW&K servers are down but the network is up, Information Technology will re-point network traffic to contingency servers and employees can work in an office. In either case, employees await instruction from GW&K’s Management Committee.


o

Failing over to contingency servers carries a certain degree of risk, so it is not a process initiated with the first indication of business disruption. Cutover to contingency servers would likely only take place when there is certainty that local systems would not be available within a day. However, such a decision also depends on the nature and extent of the network or server failure. A single replicated server would be easier to fail over (i.e. Microsoft Exchange) than switching all simultaneously.


Scenario 2:

Implies that physical access to one or more GW&K office(s) is NOT available, but all voice and data network communications are working in their normal state.


·

All GW&K personnel in an affected office space to access GW&K network remotely via Citrix Xenapp and work remotely. Depending on the nature of the event, communication updates will be provided by GW&K’s Management Committee as necessary to inform employees about on- going business plans for the event, including when employees can expect to return to a GW&K office, etc.


Scenario 3:

Implies that physical access to one or more GW&K office(s) is NOT available, and voice and data network communications are NOT working in their normal state.


·

All GW&K personnel in affected office space to work remotely or travel to another GW&K office with physical access at the direction of GW&K’s Management Committee.

·

GW&K employees will use Citrix Xenapp or a laptop/workstation provided by GW&K to connect to the Cyxtera network.


o

This will enable access to most web based applications including SharePoint and CRM. Locally installed applications will require download and installation if such programs are not already maintained on employee home laptops or PC’s.

o

As part of on-going testing and evaluation of this BCP, GW&K’s Information Technology Department oversees the deployment of locally installed applications of GW&K software on employee home computers.


III.

Response Procedures


Information Technology Response


In conjunction with the notification of a BCP event and corresponding instructions to GW&K employees, the Director of Information Technology shall coordinate with GW&K’s Management Committee to enact appropriate Information Technology contingency measures. Such measures will depend on the nature of the event, the level of functionality GW&K’s voice and data network, and the estimated amount of time for such functionality to be restored if impaired or disabled.


In general, GW&K’s preferred and primary response to business disruption is to give employees remote access via secure virtual desktop applications, via Citrix Xenapp, thus enabling connectivity to GW&K’s networks and applications as if they were working at a GW&K office. When this is not possible, GW&K’s Director of Information Technology and GWK’s Management Committee will evaluate whether and when to implement contingency infrastructure.


Contingency Infrastructure


Servers:

All of GW&K’s production servers have a secondary “standby” server at a Cyxtera data center in Fort Worth, Texas. Servers that are updated frequently during the day are generally replicated to stay in synch with each update. Servers with lower frequencies or less critical data are backed up nightly, or in some cases several times each day (see Appendix Exhibit 2). In the event of a failure in the Waltham Data Center, IT staff will reappoint the DNS name of each server to its secondary IP address in Texas. Users must exit and restart any applications to make the transition.


Phones:

GW&K uses VOIP technology with an offsite PBX backup system. In the event that local phones become unavailable, GW&K calls can be forwarded to new numbers from the backup systems.

Employees are required to maintain their contingency contact preferences which are updated on a regular basis within SendWordNow for emergency communications if necessary.


Fax Machines:

If one or more GW&K office(s) is unavailable, designated employees will be able to access faxes remotely. GW&K uses internet faxing service eFax for both routine and contingency fax communications. This service is independent of GW&K systems but requires internet access.


3rd Party applications:

GW&K’s Information Technology Department maintains procedures to ensure timely and effective redundancy access to critical third-party applications and services such as Bloomberg and FactSet. These procedures include how and when to contact vendors if necessary during a BC/DR event.

GW&K’s Information Technology Department periodically reviews and verifies these procedures with contracted service providers.








Third-Party VPN Tokens:

GW&K department managers are responsible for overseeing the usage of third-party VPN Tokens or similar tools provided by GW&K vendors and business partners to allow GW&K employee access to their secure networks or web-based applications. While the GW&K Legal & Compliance Department will assist in periodic inventory monitoring of these devices, GW&K department managers are also responsible for maintaining workaround procedures in the event third-party VPN tokens are lost, unavailable, or rendered inoperable due to a business disruption event. GW&K Legal & Compliance and Information Technology Departments will periodically confirm such procedures are in place.


Implementation of Contingency Infrastructure


In the event of a disruptive event, GW&K’s Management Committee will decide whether to implement part or this entire contingency plan based on the nature and scope of the outage and its likely duration. Many factors will be taken into account before initiating a disaster response scenario, including the following:


·

The time involved in switching over to a contingency plan which is usually not less than two hours but in some cases could take a full day.

·

The response time of external partners such as Verizon and Bloomberg.

·

The time and effort involved to redirect and possibly route employees to alternate locations.

·

The timing and complexity of informing external partners, brokers, custodians and customers of the scope of the contingency changes.

·

The business risk of making any major change to regular processes and systems.

·

The costs and complexity of recovering from a contingency and returning to primary systems.

·

The availability of key business and Information Technology employees given possible transportation and communications disruptions.

·

The status of the local, regional or national internet and communications infrastructure.


IV.

Plan Administration


Training


All GW&K employees periodically, but generally no less than annually, receive training on GW&K’s BCP. New employees will be provided a copy of the BCP and will certify that they have read and understand the Plan.


Testing


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance and Information Technology Departments coordinate periodically, but generally no less than annually, to test GW&K’s BCP. The Plan is reviewed by GW&K’s Cybersecurity and Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Committee to outline plans for annual testing to determine if any elements are required to be enhanced or updated from previous testing scenarios. The Committee documents these exercises for appropriate preparedness in terms of its Information Technology infrastructure, contingency policies, procedures, and employee preparedness to maintain normal business operations in response to a disruptive event, and note any enhancements required.


Enhancements


GW&K’s Cybersecurity and Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Committee periodically, but no less than annually, reviews and updates this policy, incorporating any needed enhancements or lessons learned from the BCP testing exercise.




Exhibit 1 – Critical Employees


In certain cases, critical employees will have dedicated laptops or workstations with necessary applications pre-installed in their home. This will be done where application performance or other technical issues require dedicated hardware. Otherwise, critical employees can use virtual applications supported by Citrix Xenapp to support their essential functions in the event of Scenario 3 business disruption, where it is anticipated that GW&K’s normal network infrastructure will be down for a potentially prolonged or undeterminable period.


·

Chief Compliance Officer (1)

·

Municipal Bond Traders (2)

·

Taxable Bond Trader (1)

·

Equity Trader (1)

·

Trade Settlement Associates (2)

·

Corporate Actions/Reconciliation Associate (1)

·

Client Service Managers (2)

·

Operations Systems/Reconciliation Associate (1)








Exhibit 2 – Network Servers


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Books & Records


December 2020

 

 

INTRODUCTION


As a registered investment adviser, and in accordance with Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Recordkeeping Rule”), GW&K Investment Management, LLC is required to create and retain certain types of records related to its investment advisory business (“Records”), including hard copy and electronic documents, including electronic communications, in a secure environment for a specified period of time. The Records required under the Recordkeeping Rule are appended to this policy and set forth the applicable retention requirements.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to create and maintain Records relating to its investment advisory business for the time period and in the manner specified by the Recordkeeping Rule. Additionally, GW&K will maintain its Records, regardless of format, in a matter that:


·

safeguards Records from loss, alteration, or inadvertent destruction;


·

limits access to Records to authorized personnel;


·

ensures that Records are readily accessible (i.e. stored in a manner that permits easy access and retrieval); and


·

ensures that Records eligible for destruction are destroyed after review and in a manner consistent with this Policy.


II.

Procedures


GW&K uses third-party vendors to archive certain hard copy and electronic records, including electronic communications. These records are either accessible by authorized GW&K employees via secure websites (for electronic records) or, as allowable under the Recordkeeping Rule, stored off-site with service level agreements providing for prompt retrieval.


In cases where GW&K maintains electronic records, GW&K’s Information Technology will ensure that systems supporting those records are backed-up regularly. GW&K uses third-party software to assist in the back-up process. Critical system data and various required records kept on GW&K servers and infrastructure is backed up multiple times each day.


Appendix A identifies Records that GW&K is required to maintain under the Recordkeeping Rule, the GW&K business unit responsible, and the required retention period.


III.

Record Retention and Destruction


As set forth in these Policies and Procedures, it is GW&K’s policy to retain Records for the recordkeeping periods that are required by all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Records that exceed the established time periods may be destroyed in GW&K’s discretion, so long as any such destruction is conducted in accordance with this Policy. Prior to the destruction of any Records, the Legal & Compliance Department must approve the destruction of such Records, whether through the approval of a standing destruction schedule for certain Records, such as e-mails, or through the approval of the disposal of a specific set of records which are no longer required. Notwithstanding, anything to the contrary in these Policies and Procedures, any Record disposal will be suspended in the event that GW&K receives notice of a governmental, administrative or other action, such as litigation, investigation, inquiry or other legal or regulatory proceeding that may reasonably be expected to require such Records to be produced. Any suspension of destruction may only be lifted with the approval of the Legal & Compliance Department, following the resolution of the action.


IV.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible to conduct periodic reviews and provide oversight with the books and records retention requirements.


APPENDIX – A


DOCUMENT RETENTION REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ADVISERS ACT


 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT


Corporate Documents


1


Organizational documents: Articles of incorporation (partnership articles) and any amendments thereto of GW&K, any predecessor and any combining entity thereto.


At least 3 yrs after termination of the enterprise.



Administration


2


Minute books of GW&K committee meetings and of any predecessor.


At least 3 yrs after termination of the enterprise.



Legal & Compliance


3


Stock certificate books of GW&K and of any predecessor.


At least 3 yrs after termination of the enterprise.



Administration


Accounting Records


1


Journals, including cash receipts and disbursements, records, and any other records of original entry that form the basis of all ledger entries.


6 years**


Finance


2


General or auxiliary ledgers (or comparable records) reflecting asset, liability, reserve, capital, income and expense accounts.


6 years**

Finance


3


Bank account information, including check books, bank statements, canceled checks and cash reconciliations.


6 years**

Finance


4


Bills and statements, paid or unpaid, relating to the business of GW&K.


6 years**

Finance


5

All trial balances, financial statements and internal audit working papers relating to GW&K’s business.


6 years**

Finance









 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT


Trading Records


1


Trade Tickets. A memorandum of (i) each order given by GW&K for the purchase or sale of any security, (ii) of any instruction received from a client by GW&K concerning the purchase, sale, receipt or delivery of a particular security and (iii) of any modification or cancellation of any such order or instruction. Each memorandum must:




7 years*



Trading

(a) Show the terms and conditions of the order, instruction, modification or cancellation;

(b) Identify the person connected with GW&K who recommended the transaction to the client and the person who placed the order;

(c) Show the client account for which the transaction was entered, the date of entry, and the bank, broker or dealer by or through whom the transaction was executed where appropriate;

(d) Indicate any orders entered pursuant to the exercise of discretionary power shall be so designated; and

(e) The trade ticket must reflect the terms of the execution (i.e., shares, price, broker, commission, etc.).


2



Trade Errors. Trade error log/memorandum and all backup documentation.



6 years**



Legal & Compliance


Marketing and Client Relationship Records


1


Form ADV. A copy of Form ADV – Parts 1, 2 and 3 ( (Form Client Relationship Summary) and each amendment or revision to Form ADV – Parts 1, 2 and 3 given or sent to applicable clients or prospective clients as required.



6 years**



Legal & Compliance

2

Form ADV – Delivery Record. Proof that Form ADV Part 2 and Part 3 (Part 1 and/or 3where applicable) were provided or sent to clients or prospective clients at the inception of the relationship or subsequently thereafter (e.g., due to amendments, client request for delivery or other triggering delivery events), including a record of the dates that each Form ADV, and each amendment or revision thereof, was delivered or offered to be delivered, to any client or prospective client who subsequently becomes a client. Documentation shall include any client or prospective client name and address list used to mail the ADV.






6 years**




Legal & Compliance

/ Client Service


3


Advisory and Other Contracts. An original or copy of each written advisory or other contract/agreement entered into by GW&K with any client or third party relating to the business of GW&K as such.



7 years*



Client Service

4


Fee Schedules. A list of all fee schedules, if not part of the advisory contracts.


7 years*


Client Service / Finance




 

 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT


5

Client Investment Objectives. A copy of each client’s investment objectives, if not part of the advisory contracts.


7 years*


Client Service


6


Directed Brokerage and Soft Dollar Agreements. A copy of any client directed-brokerage agreements and any soft dollar agreements with broker- dealers.



7 years*



Finance


7

Discretionary Power List. A list or other record of all accounts in which GW&K is vested with any discretionary power with respect to the funds, securities or transactions of any client.



7 years*



Client Service


8

Power of Attorney. All powers of attorney and other evidences of the granting of discretionary authority by any client to GW&K.


7 years*

Client Service


9


Written Communications. Originals of all written communications received and copies of all written communications sent by GW&K relating to:


(a) Any recommendations or advice made/given or proposed to be made/given (includes research reports produced by GW&K, Questionnaires, RFPs, newsletters, copies of articles prepared by third-parties that are distributed by the adviser, related emails and copies of articles prepared by third-parties that are distributed by GW&K);





7 years*




Client Service/ Marketing/ Information Technology

 


(b) Any receipt, disbursement or delivery of funds or securities (including related electronic communications);


7 years*


Operations and Finance

 


(c) Marketing materials, circulars and research reports (GW&K is not required to keep unsolicited market letters and "other similar communications of general public distribution" not prepared by or for GW&K);



6 years**


Marketing

 


(d) Placing or execution of any order to purchase or sell any security: Provided, however, (a) That GW&K shall not be required to keep any unsolicited market letters and other similar communications of general public distribution not prepared by or for GW&K, and (b) that if GW&K sends any notice, circular or other advertisement offering any report, analysis, publication or other investment advisory service to more than 10 persons, GW&K shall be required to keep a copy of such but shall not be required to keep a record of the names and addresses of the persons to whom it was sent; except that if such notice, circular or advertisement is distributed to persons named on any list, GW&K shall retain with the copy of such notice, circular or advertisement a memorandum describing the list and the source thereof;








7 years*








Trading

 


(e) Notices to custodians;


7 years*


Client Service/ Operations

 


(f) Periodic statements sent to clients; and


7 years*


Client Service

 


(g) Fee invoices.



7 years*


Finance/ Client Service



 

 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT


10


Complaint File. A client correspondence or complaint file and log.


7 years*


Legal & Compliance


Marketing and Performance Records


1


Marketing Materials. A copy of each notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin or other communication that GW&K circulates or distributes directly or indirectly to 10 or more persons (other than persons connected with GW&K).



6 years**


Marketing


2


Supporting Memoranda. If such marketing material (notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin or other communication) recommends the purchase or sale of a specific security without stating a reason for the recommendation, GW&K must maintain a memorandum indicating the reason for the recommendation.




6 years**



Marketing


3


Performance Numbers. All accounts, books, internal working papers, and any other records or documents (i.e., account statements, calculation worksheets, etc.) that are necessary to form the basis for or that demonstrates, for the entire measuring period, the calculation of the performance or rate of return of any or all managed accounts or securities recommendations in any marketing materials (notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin) or other communication that GW&K circulates or distributes, directly or indirectly, to 10 or more persons (other than persons connected with GW&K); provided, however, that, with respect to the performance of managed accounts, the retention of all account statements, if they reflect all debits, credits, and other transactions in a client's account for the period of the statement, and all worksheets necessary to demonstrate the calculation of the performance or rate of return of all managed accounts shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this paragraph.


(For the performance of managed accounts, this requirement can be satisfied by keeping:


·

all account statements, if they reflect all debits, credits, and other transactions in a client’s account for the period of the statement, and;

·

all worksheets necessary to demonstrate the calculation of the performance or rate of return of all managed accounts.)












Shall be retained for as long as the account is part of a composite***













Performance


Personal Securities Transactions Records


1


A copy of GW&K's Code of Ethics adopted and implemented pursuant to Rule 204A-1 that is in effect, or at any time within the past five years was in effect as well as (i) a record of any violation of the Code, and of any action taken as a result of the violation; and (ii) a record of all written acknowledgments as required by Rule 204A-1(a)(5) for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, a supervised person of the investment adviser.





7 years* (after employee

termination)





Legal & Compliance




 

 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT


2


Advisory Employee List. A list of all GW&K employees for the past five years (all GW&K employees are considered Access Persons).


6 years**


Marketing / Human Resources


3


Personal Securities Transactions Records. GW&K must maintain all personal securities transaction records and holding reports required by the Code of Ethics for all Access Persons (including but not limited to initial and annual holding reports (brokerage statements), all pre-clearance requests, and Code acknowledgements.



7 years* (after employee

termination)




Legal & Compliance


Internal Control Records


1


Functions and Responsibilities. Organizational charts, personnel lists and other documents describing the functions and responsibilities of each department and each employee.



7 years*



Human Resources


2


Compliance Manual. All written materials that contain policies and procedures, formulated pursuant to Rule 206(4)-7(a) under the Advisers Act that are in effect or at any time within the past five years were in effect.



6 years**



Legal & Compliance


3


Any records documenting GW&K's annual review of those policies and procedures conducted pursuant to Rule 206(4)-7(b).



6 years**



Legal & Compliance


4


Annual Certifications and Reports. Initial/Quarterly/Annual employee certifications and reports of compliance with Code of Ethics, insider trading and compliance policies and procedures.


7 years* (after employee

termination)



Legal & Compliance


5


Personnel and Other Employee-Related Manuals


6 years**


Human Resources/ Legal & Compliance


6


Personnel Records. For each employee GW&K maintains:

1.

Date of employment;

2.

Address and social security number; and

3.

Disciplinary history.




3 years (after employee

termination)





Human Resources

7


Political Contributions. Make and keep records of contributions made by GW&K and covered associates to government officials (including candidates), and of payments to state or local political parties and PACs. GW&K is required to maintain the following lists:

-

current government clients and the government entities to which GW&K has provided advisory services in the past five years

-

covered associates

-

covered associates political contributions




6 years**



C Legal & e/ omplianc

Human Resource


8


Litigation File. A record of past, present and pending litigation involving GW&K or its officers, directors or employees that may have a material effect on GW&K or otherwise trigger disclosure obligations.



7 years*




Human Resources/ Legal & Compliance




 

 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT


9


Business Contracts. All written agreements (or copies) entered into by GW&K relating to the business of GW&K as such, including, for example:


a)

Employment contracts,

b)

Rental agreements and property leases, and

c)

Contracts with custodian and other service providers.




7 years*





Finance/Human Resources/IT


SEC Filings and Correspondence


1


Form ADV, including all amendments.


6 years**


Legal & Compliance


2


Annual Schedules to Form ADV.


6 years**


Legal & Compliance


3


SEC order granting registration.


7 years*


Legal & Compliance


4


Reports required to be filed under the 1933 Act, including, if applicable, Form D for private placement limited partnerships.


7 years*


Legal & Compliance


5


Reports required to be filed under the 1934 Act, including, if applicable:

a)

Schedules 13D and 13G;

b)

Forms 13F; and

c)

Forms 3, 4 and 5 under Section 16.





7 years*





Legal & Compliance


6


Copies of all correspondence with the SEC including any past deficiency letters, exemptions and no-action letters.


7 years*


Legal & Compliance


State Filing Requirements and Correspondence


1


Notice Filings. Copies of all notice filings sent to states where GW&K conducts business.


At least 3 yrs after termination of the enterprise.




Legal & Compliance


2


State Registration Filings: Copies of all state filings made on behalf of GW&K required in Delaware where GW&K is registered and in Massachusetts where GW&K’s principal place of business is located.


At least 3 yrs after termination of the enterprise.



Legal & Compliance


3


Correspondence. Copies of all correspondence with any state.


At least 3 yrs after termination of the enterprise.



Legal & Compliance

 









 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT

Client Portfolio Records


1


Client Records. Records showing separately for each client the securities purchased and sold, and the date, amount and price of each such purchase and sale.



7 years*


Client Services


2


Securities Records. For each security in which a client has a current position, information from which GW&K can promptly furnish the name of each such client and the current amount or interest of the client.



7 years*


Client Services

3

Investment Recommendations. Written documentation that supports any recommendation made or proposed to be made and any advice given or proposed to be given to any client.



7 years*

Portfolio Management/Tradi ng/Client Services

4

Custodian Records. If GW&K receives client custodian statements, they must be maintained. GW&K may rely on the custodian’s maintenance of these records; however, the Firm needs to be sure the custodian has the proper controls in place to prevent loss of these records.



7 years*


Operations

5

Appraisals and Invoices.


7 years*

Client Services


Cash Solicitation Records All written acknowledgements of receipt obtained from clients and disclosure documents delivered to clients by solicitors pursuant to Rule 206(4)-3 (Cash Payments for Client Solicitations);


1


Cash Solicitation Agreements.


7 years*


Finance


2


Solicitation Agreements - Solicitors’ separate disclosure document and all written acknowledgments/copy of the disclosure documents delivered to clients by solicitors.



7 years*



Finance


3


Acknowledgment Letter. Copies of each signed and dated acknowledgment of receipt of GW&K’s Form ADV (Part 2A) and the solicitor’s written disclosure document.



7 years*



Client Service / Finance


4


Check List. A list of accounts obtained by each third-party solicitor.



7 years*


Relationship Manager/ Legal & Compliance

 


Custody or Possession of Client Funds or Securities (Note: GW&K does not offer or provide custody services to clients. As a matter of policy, GW&K and its employees do not maintain actual, physical custody of any of its clients’ assets. Under the Custody Rule, GW&K is deemed to have custody of client assets where it has been given authority to instruct the automatic deduction of advisory fees from client accounts, where GW&K is acting as the General Partner of a private fund (i.e., a limited partnership) sponsored by the firm, or as trustee for a very limited number of accounts beneficially owned by family members of senior executives of GW&K.







N/A







N/A


1

 


N/A


N/A









 


DOCUMENT

RETENTION PERIOD


DEPARTMENT

 

Journals. A journal or other record showing all purchases, sales, receipts and

deliveries of securities (including certificate numbers) for accounts over which GW&K maintains custody and all other debits and credits to these accounts.

 

 


2

Separate Ledger. A separate ledger for each of these clients showing:

a)

All purchases, sales, receipts, and deliveries of securities;

b)

The date and price of each purchase and sale; and

c)

All debits and credits.




N/A




N/A


3


Confirmations. Copies of confirmations of all transactions effected by or for the accounts of these clients.


N/A


N/A



4

Appraisals. A record for each security in which any of these clients have a position, with the record showing:


a)

The name of each client having any interest in the security;

b)

The amount or interest of each client; and


c)

The location of the security.






N/A






N/A


Privacy Notice


1


Privacy Notice. Annual privacy notice sent to all clients.


6 years**

Legal & Compliance

/ Client Service


Proxy Voting (With respect to accounts for which GW&K exercises voting authority for client securities)


1


Policy and Procedures. A copy of all proxy voting policies and procedures and any amendments thereto.



6 years**


Legal & Compliance

2

Proxy Statements. A copy of each proxy statement that GW&K receives regarding client securities. (GW&K may satisfy this requirement by relying on a third party to make and retain, on GW&K’s behalf, a copy of a proxy statement (provided that GW&K has obtained an undertaking from Broadridge to provide a copy of the proxy statement promptly upon request) or may rely on obtaining a copy of a proxy statement from the SEC's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system.)





6 years**



Broadridge / Legal & Compliance

3

Votes Cast. A record of each vote cast by GW&K on behalf of a client (GW&K relies on Broadridge to retain these records – see undertaking note in item 2 above).



6 years**

Broadridge / Legal & Compliance

4

Decision Documentation. A copy of any document created by GW&K that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies on behalf of a client or that memorializes the basis for that decision.



6 years**


Legal & Compliance

5

A copy of each written client request for information on how GW&K voted proxies on behalf of the client, and a copy of any written response by the investment adviser to any (written or oral) client request for information on how GW&K voted proxies on behalf of the requesting client.



6 years**


Legal & Compliance









* These are permanent account records and must be retained on site as long as the account/enterprise is open. Once an account/enterprise is terminated then the regulatory requirement is for two (2) years on-site from the end of the year in which the occurrence/transaction took place, plus an additional five (5) years off-site.


** These records must be retained for a period not less than six (6) years from the end of the fiscal year in which any transactions occurred (the first two years in an easily accessible place such as in GW&K’s office or electronically).


*** These records must be retained for as long as the account in question forms part of a composite that portrays performance in accordance with GIPs. Once the account is terminated, the regulatory requirement is for two (2) years on-site from the end of the year in which the occurrence/transaction took place, plus an additional five (5) years off-site.





Electronic Communication


December 2020




INTRODUCTION


As a SEC-Registered Investment Adviser, and in regards to Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Recordkeeping Rule”), GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) is required to maintain certain types of records related to its investment advisory business (“Records”). All GW&K electronic communications, including email, are subject to potential review by SEC examiners. The purpose of this policy is to develop procedures designed to ensure the proper use of GW&K’s email and other approved electronic communication systems by employees (including part-time employees, consultants and temporary personnel).

I.

Policy


All messages, files, and other content distributed via GW&K’s email system or other electronic messaging services supported by GW&K information technology infrastructure, such as Global Relay Messenger or Bloomberg messaging, are the property of GW&K. Employees should not assume or expect privacy with respect to any personal information or matter received, sent, or maintained on these systems. All GW&K electronic communication systems are monitored by GW&K’s Information Technology and Legal & Compliance Departments. Further GW&K privacy-related matters are covered within the Firm’s Employee handbook, Information Technology End User Policy, Code of Ethics Policy, Privacy Policy and Written Information Security Plan (“WISP”).


GW&K utilizes a third-party web-based application to capture all emails and other electronic communications that are sent and received by GW&K accounts. The third-party application provides rule-based assistance in monitoring and storing of emails off-site. Electronic messages originating from or arriving to GW&K’s network, including any attachments, are retrievable and reviewable at any time via a secure web-based application provided by the vendor.


If there is evidence that an employee is not adhering to the guidelines set forth in this policy, GW&K reserves the right to take disciplinary action including termination and legal action if deemed appropriate.


GW&K provides computers, electronic communication platforms, telephones and voicemail, internet access, software and other information technology systems resources to employees for business purposes. All GW&K information systems should be used appropriately and in compliance with this policy as well as in compliance with electronic usage guidelines outlined in GW&K’s Employee Handbook, End User Policy, Cybersecurity and within the Information Technology Security Policy.


GW&K strictly prohibits:


·

Sending or forwarding electronic communications containing libelous, defamatory, offensive, racist or obscene remarks or attachments.


·

Sending unsolicited electronic communications or chain mail.


·

Forging or attempting to forge electronic communications, or disguising or attempt to disguise your identity when sending e-mails.


·

Auto-forwarding GW&K email to non-GW&K email addresses.




 


II.

Procedures


GW&K considers email and other electronic communication platforms an important means of communication and recognizes the importance of proper electronic content and timely correspondence. Employees are encouraged to take the same care in drafting electronic communications as they would for any other written business communication.


As employees of a SEC Registered Investment Adviser, GW&K employees are encouraged to operate on the understanding that all of their electronic communications, may be reviewed by GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department and/or a regulator.


Although GW&K’s electronic communication platforms are meant for business use, GW&K allows limited personal usage if it is reasonable, professional and does not interfere with work.


GW&K employees who are FINRA Registered Representatives are subject to additional rules and regulations for electronic communications and should reference AMG Distributors Inc.’s Written Supervisory Procedures.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Information Technology and Legal & Compliance Departments are responsible for oversight, including providing training to employees on electronic communication usage. On a periodic basis, Legal & Compliance will sample emails and other electronic communications for review to ensure that employees are operating in compliance with this policy.





Marketing Material Review


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to ensure that marketing and advertising materials used by GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) in the offering of its investment advisory products and services are consistent with applicable regulatory requirements, including Rule 206(4)-1 (the “Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”).


The Rule broadly defines an advertisement to include any notice, circular, letter, or other written communication to more than one person, or any notice or other announcement in publication which offers:


·

analyses, reports, or advice concerning securities,

·

graphs, charts, formulas, or other devices intended to prompt investment decisions, or

·

any other investment advisory service with regard to securities.


For purposes of this policy, marketing and advertising shall generally encompass any content produced by GW&K where its products, strategies, performance or other aspects of its business are described, and that content is given to, or accessible to, more than one person. There are exceptions where such content can be used for certain small groups of targeted individuals, but this policy is intended to cover materials that are likely to reach the public and would be considered advertising under the Rule.

Examples include, but are not limited to:


·

Presentation books

·

Investment strategy summaries

·

Product profiles

·

Investment commentary

·

Sample portfolios

·

Radio and TV appearances

·

Recorded commentary calls or webinars

·

Website content

·

Email or other electronic communications (where marketing content is included)


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy that its marketing and advertising materials meet regulatory requirements under the Rule while also adhering to a high ethical standard. All marketing and advertising materials are subject to review by Legal & Compliance, Marketing, and other departments, as applicable.


II.

Procedures


All marketing and advertising material is to be reviewed by the Legal & Compliance Department prior to its initial distribution. Marketing and Legal & Compliance periodically coordinate to ensure the review and retention of marketing materials. In some cases marketing pieces may be in a standard format or a template approved for repeated use, or the same content may be used to create slightly different versions of the same material. Any questions regarding procedures or the requirements relating to Advertising should be directed to the Legal & Compliance Department.


While each piece of marketing material will be considered and reviewed individually, the following are some general prohibitions and other guidelines that GW&K will typically observe in reference to the Rule, other SEC guidance, and industry best practice.



General Prohibitions


Examples of GW&K’s prohibited practices include, but are not limited to:


·

making an untrue statement of material fact, or omission of material fact necessary to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances which it was made, not misleading;

·

making a material claim or statement that is exaggerated or unsubstantiated;

·

making an untrue or misleading implication about, or misleading inference to be drawn, concerning a material fact relating to GW&K;

·

making reference or inference to any potential benefits without clear and prominent explanation of associated material risks or limitations;

·

the absence of appropriate explanations and disclosures,

·

using unrealistic assumptions,

·

any representations of future gains or income,

·

including or excluding performance results, or presenting performance time periods, in a manner that is not fair and balanced; and

·

being otherwise materially misleading.


Testimonials


The Rule prohibits testimonials of any kind in marketing materials. A testimonial generally includes a statement by a former or present client who endorses GW&K or refers to having a favorable investment experience with GW&K. The prohibition against testimonials does not apply to the reprinting of unbiased third-party reports, such as newspaper or magazine articles.


Past Specific Recommendations


The Rule generally prohibits using past specific recommendations in marketing materials. The SEC’s rationale in prohibiting them is to prevent an adviser from showing profitable recommendations while omitting unprofitable ones. Under applicable SEC guidance, there are some exceptions to this prohibition such as material that constitutes an offer to provide all recommendations of the preceding year, provided certain disclosures are included.


Graphs, Charts, and Formulas


The Rule prohibits representations that a graph, chart, formula, or other device can in and of itself be used to determine what securities to buy or sell, or when to trade them, without prominently disclosing the limitations of using such a device.


Use of Performance Data


In addition to the restrictions detailed under the Rule, the SEC has taken positions on other matters related to marketing and advertising, most notably in the area of performance presentation where it relies on the Rule’s general prohibition against the use of false and misleading statements to regulate performance presentation.


All performance presentations in marketing material must be provided or approved by GW&K’s Marketing & Performance Department prior to use. Performance data in marketing material must typically accompany disclosures of the following information:


·

Effect of any material non-recurring events impacting the performance shown;

·

Whether and to what extent dividends and gains are reinvested;

·

Relevant differences between GW&K performance and any comparative index shown

·

Performance net of fees (gross of fees is permitted provided net performance is shown); and

·

Past performance does not guarantee future results.


Press Releases, Magazine, Newspaper, Television, Radio and Web Material


Any material intended to be distributed through the media such as press releases, magazine advertisements, television or radio commercials or appearances, is subject to GW&K’s Press and Media Relations Policy. GW&K partners and employees who intend to give an interview with media representatives or who intend to make a television or radio appearance are required to consult this policy and work with the Marketing & Performance and Legal & Compliance Departments.


GW&K Website and Social Media Profiles


GW&K’s Marketing & Performance and Legal & Compliance Departments periodically review the content of GW&K’s public internet site and its LinkedIn profile to confirm posted material is consistent with the standards of this policy. As specified in other GW&K Policies, including within the Firm’s Social Media Policy, unless approved by GW&K’s Marketing and Legal & Compliance Departments, GW&K employees are not permitted to reveal more than GW&K’s name as employer, or their GW&K position (or positions, as appropriate) on social media networks such as LinkedIn. GW&K’s Marketing Department has developed procedures which are required to be followed prior to using LinkedIn for any GW&K business purposes.


GIPS Compliance


GW&K claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) sponsored by the CFA Institute. GW&K’s Marketing & Performance Department maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with GIPS in the calculation and presentation of investment performance data. Although the Firm is not required to do so, GW&K’s claim of GIPS compliance is verified annually by an independent third party verification firm.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for oversight, including training employees, and will periodically assess Firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.






Solicitation Agreements


December 2020




INTRODUCTION



The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) in meeting its obligations under Rule 206(4)-3 (the “Rule”) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 with respect to its use of client solicitors. The Rule makes it unlawful for GW&K to pay a cash fee, directly or indirectly, to any person who solicits clients for GW&K unless certain requirements are met, including the establishment of a written agreement between GW&K and the solicitor describing the terms of the solicitation activities, and the disclosure of the agreement to prospective clients.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to comply with the Rule when it pays cash fees to solicitors to obtain advisory clients. Solicitation arrangements that involve the payment of cash referral fees may only be made pursuant to a written agreement between GW&K and the solicitor, which is required to be disclosed to prospective clients.


GW&K utilizes both affiliated and non-affiliated solicitors. Affiliated solicitors include subsidiaries of Affiliated Managers Group who introduce GW&K’s investment management services to prospective clients. Non-affiliated solicitors include brokers, banks, or other third-parties who also introduce prospective clients to GW&K. These arrangements are governed by written agreements that describe each solicitor’s responsibilities to GW&K and the required disclosures the solicitor must provide to prospective clients describing the compensation received from GW&K.


II.

Procedures


Under the Rule and GW&K’s Policy, it is prohibited for GW&K to utilize solicitors that are subject to any SEC censure including any of the conduct specified in Section 203(e) of the Advisers Act or similar disqualification considerations. It is required for GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department to review and approve all solicitation arrangements. GW&K’s Finance Department will retain signed copies of all solicitation agreements between GW&K and solicitor.


Written Agreement


The cash fee payment and solicitation arrangements must be pursuant to a written agreement to which GW&K is a party (there does not need to be such an agreement if the solicitor is an employee of GW&K). The written agreement is required to have the following provisions:


·

Describe the solicitation activities of the solicitor and the compensation to be paid;

·

Require the solicitor to provide the prospective client a current copy of the GW&K’s Form ADV Parts 2A and 3 (as required) (“Form ADV”) and the solicitor’s written disclosure statement.


Client Acknowledgement


GW&K is to receive and retain an executed acknowledgment from any client obtained pursuant to a solicitor’s introduction of GW&K where the client attests to having received GW&K’s Form ADV and solicitor’s disclosure document prior to or at time of client agreement. GW&K’s Client Service retains executed client acknowledgement forms in GW&K’s client system of records, CRM.


Non-Affiliated Solicitor’s Disclosure Document



 


When GW&K uses a non-affiliated solicitor, disclosure of the solicitation arrangement relationship must be made to prospective clients. As noted above, the client must sign a written acknowledgment confirming that the solicitor’s disclosure and GW&K’s current Form ADV was received. This acknowledgment is to be completed the first time a solicitation is made and the Legal & Compliance Department must receive and approve the disclosure form. The solicitor’s disclosure document shall include:


·

Name of the solicitor

·

Name of the Adviser (GW&K)

·

Nature of the relationship between GW&K and the solicitor

·

The terms of the compensation paid to the solicitor

·

Any charges the client may incur in addition to the standard advisory fee as a result of the solicitation agreement.


GW&K maintains disclosures in its Form ADV which explain the policies and procedures for both affiliated and non-affiliated solicitation agreements. GW&K periodically reviews its Form ADV to ensure its disclosure regarding its solicitation arrangements is complete and accurate.


GW&K Client Fees


As a matter of Policy, GW&K does not charge solicitation fees paid by GW&K back to the clients. GW&K investment management fees charged to clients obtained via a solicitor are to be no higher than those charged to clients attained without a solicitor.


Solicitor Fee Arrangements

Typically, solicitor compensation is assessed as a portion of the advisory fee paid to GW&K by any client retained by GW&K through a solicitor. Solicitation arrangements are required to be approved by the Legal & Compliance Department and communicated to the GW&K Finance Department for proper payment. Fees to solicitors may not be paid until a copy of the client acknowledgement is received by GW&K from the client.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


To obtain a reasonable basis for understanding GW&K client’s and the Firm’s solicitor practices, GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Press and Media Relations


December 2020




INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) in its representation in the press and media to be accurate and consistent with the Firm’s on-going fiduciary obligations to clients. Given the public nature of the press and other media, GW&K’s representation within the press and media may also constitute advertising material, subject to applicable regulatory requirements including Rule 206(4)-1 (the “Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and is covered under GW&K’s Marketing Material Review Policy.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy that all marketing and advertising materials, including press and other public media representations, meet regulatory requirements under the Rule while also adhering to GW&K’s fiduciary requirements. All public media representations are required to be properly approved, as described herein, prior to engagement.


II.

Procedures & General Guidelines


Responses to press inquiries or media interview engagements are required to be pre-cleared in advance with the Marketing Department. While each potential engagement will typically be considered and reviewed individually, the following points are general prohibitions and are meant to be guidelines that GW&K may observe in reference to the Rule, SEC guidance, and industry best practice.


GW&K Personnel are prohibited from:


·

discussing any litigation, personnel, clients, internal communications, or other non-public aspects of GW&K’s business;

·

making representations of future gains or income;

·

offering portrayals that past performance may be indicative of future results;

·

presenting exaggerated or unsubstantiated claims; or

·

commenting on specific stocks, bonds, or other securities that are being actively traded on a strategy-wide basis.

Securities that are mentioned to the press will be restricted for any GW&K strategy where they are held and personal account trading. The restriction period will be set by GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department and typically begins when the security is mentioned to the press and ends one trading day after the release of the interview or article. For securities mentioned to the press but not cited in the article/interview, the restriction will end upon the article/interview’s release. This restriction does not apply to client cash-flow related trading activity. At its discretions, GW&K’s Legal and Compliance Department may grant exemptions to the restriction where the security’s market capitalization is above

$10 billion or otherwise believed to be highly-liquid.

III.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Social Media


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures that are designed to provide GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) employees with a framework when using Social Media. It is GW&K’s current policy to not promote, advertise, or otherwise represent GW&K on personal or third party Social Media sites. The Firm understands that employees may use various forms of Social Media in their personal and private lives.


Social Media encompasses various activities that integrate technology, social interaction and content creation. For purposes of this policy, Social Media includes all public online sites or forums supporting such activities where comments, commentary, and content could be widely disseminated. These online sites include, but are not limited to; social networking, blogs, photos and video sharing, podcasts and virtual communities. Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok and Pinterest are a few examples of specific third party Social Media sites.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy that its employees may use Social Media for their own personal activities, subject to the limitations discussed below.


1.

GW&K employees are prohibited from the following on social media:


·

Engaging in any Firm-related business activity or communication;

·

Providing any commentary or information on the Firm’s business or clients, on any specific securities or other investments, or on the investment management business more generally;

·

Discussing competitors, clients or vendors;

·

Posting any information regarding Firm activity or links to press releases about GW&K;

·

Discussing any litigation or similar matter involving the Firm or actions by government regulators related to the Firm;

·

Discussing personal securities holdings or the securities holdings of family or friends;

·

Receiving or giving any type of endorsement to any person or entity, unless it is absolutely clear that it is being done in a personal capacity and does not involve the financial services industry;

·

Using GW&K’s logo or name, other than for the limited purpose of identifying yourself as an employee of the Firm (e.g. personal profile within LinkedIn, noting that you are an employee of GW&K); or

·

Engaging in any advertising or other solicitation on behalf of GW&K.


2.

When using Social Media, employees should refrain from any activity that could appear to be a business endorsement or receipt of a testimonial (e.g. “liking” someone or some entity on a particular site).


3.

Use of Social Media must not interfere with an employee’s performance of his or her job duties at GW&K.


4.

Each employee will be responsible for anything he or she posts or distributes via Social Media.





 


II.

Procedures


GW&K does not intend to restrict the personal use of Social Media by its employees provided such use does not violate the guidelines identified in this Policy and GW&K’s Employee Handbook. Specifically, GW&K prohibits its employees from Social Media usage that would involve representing GW&K or attempting to conduct business on behalf of GW&K except where permission has been granted by GW&K’s Marketing and Legal & Compliance Departments and in accordance with GW&K policies and procedures and applicable laws and regulations.


Unless approved by GW&K’s Marketing and Legal & Compliance Departments, GW&K employees are not permitted to reveal more than GW&K’s name as employer, or their GW&K position (or positions, as appropriate) on social media networks such as LinkedIn. GW&K’s Marketing Department has developed procedures which are required to be followed prior to using LinkedIn for any GW&K business purposes.


On a periodic basis, GW&K employees are required to confirm their adherence to this policy. Furthermore, employees are also required to disclose to all Social Media sites they use to the Legal & Compliance Department.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


The Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for providing training to employees on this policy and periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Valuation of Client Holdings and Client Billing


 

December 2020


INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) in meeting its obligations under Rule 206(1) and (2) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary responsibility with respect to charging its clients advisory fees. All GW&K advisory fees are to be accurately calculated and consistent with terms outlined in advisory contracts.


I.

Policy


GW&K typically assesses advisory fees as a percentage of the value of assets that the Firm manages in a client’s account. As such, GW&K recognizes its obligation to confirm that client portfolio holdings are valued fairly and consistently. GW&K relies on prices provided by independent third-party pricing sources for purposes of valuing the securities held in GW&K client accounts.


In instances or programs where GW&K serves as a sub-advisor to a mutual fund, the investment adviser to that mutual fund is responsible for valuing the holdings or other program. However, upon request, GW&K may occasionally assist an investment adviser with the valuation of portfolio securities provided that GW&K remains in a position of only recommending a price or pricing methodology and does not serve as the final source for such valuations.


II.

Procedures


Subject to any valuation guidelines provided by GW&K clients or their respective custodians, the following procedures generally govern the pricing of GW&K client held securities and client advisory fee billing.


Use of Independent Pricing Sources


As a fiduciary to its clients, GW&K recognizes its obligation to ensure that client portfolio holdings are valued reasonably and consistently. GW&K uses recognized, independent third-party pricing services for pricing securities held by GW&K clients. GW&K’s valuation practices and processes are overseen by the firm’s Valuation Committee (see Section III of this Policy for more information). GW&K’s Operations Department is responsible for administering the daily valuation process.


GW&K receives updated pricing and other necessary data from the below listed third party pricing services at least daily, and more frequently as needed in the event that a security’s price or related data attributes are reset or otherwise amended:


·

Bloomberg: Equities and Fixed Income Securities (including US Treasuries, US Agencies, Corporates, and Mortgage-backed Securities)

·

Intercontinental Exchange (ICE): Municipal Bonds


Pricing Exceptions


While GW&K generally does not invest in securities that require fair valuation, there can be circumstances where GW&K needs to price a security if a price is not readily available (e.g., in the case of extended market closures or if a security is halted on an exchange) or when GW&K believes the market price to be unreliable. When fair value pricing a security, or recommending a fair value to an investment adviser, GW&K seeks to determine a price that would be obtained in the market if, in fact, a market for the security existed.

 


GW&K’s Operations Department maintains procedures to review, confirm, and where applicable, adjust prices in instances when:


·

a security’s price is not received as part of a daily automated feed from a third-party service, whether due to market or technical issues or due to the security being new to GW&K that day,

·

a security’s price has fluctuated 10% or more from the prior price received, or

·

there is reason to believe a security’s price may be inaccurate.


GW&K’s Operations Department may use client custodian prices for manually priced securities and, when appropriate, consult among GW&K Portfolio Managers, Traders, Legal & Compliance and other GW&K Departments to resolve pricing concerns. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department maintains a log of securities held in client accounts that the firm has fair valued or recommended for fair valuation.


Client Billing


Advisory fees are assessed in arrears or in advance, based on the client’s instruction, on the value of the portfolio holdings at the end of the quarter. Management Fee invoices are sent to the client and the client’s custodian bank. For accounts for which GW&K is responsible for calculating its investment management fees, GW&K uses the valuations determined by the procedures described in this Policy and further within GW&K’s Form ADV Part 2A in Item 7, rather than the valuations that may be determined from time to time by clients’ custodian banks. Clients that terminate GW&K advisory services between billing cycles will generally receive a prorated advisory fee in accordance with the terms of the client agreement.


GW&K does not act as custodian for its clients’ assets or accounts, and GW&K is not the official books and records for the client. GW&K discloses the firm’s practices in its Form ADV Part 2A and additional information may be found within GW&K’s Custody Policy and Books and Records Policy. GW&K recognizes the importance that clients’ accounts accurately reflect the positions of the securities held by the client at the custodian. As such, GW&K has procedures in place to reconcile internal portfolio accounting records with custodian statements on a systematic and regular basis.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


Valuation Committee


GW&K maintains a Valuation Committee that meets annually, and more frequently as needed, to review the firm’s valuation practices, including GW&K’s policies and procedures, third-party pricing services, and any issues that have arisen relating to valuation or pricing. The Committee is comprised of GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, senior investment management and trading personnel, members of the Legal & Compliance Department, and managers of GW&K’s Investment Operations, Finance and Client Services Departments. The Valuation Committee will meet ad hoc if there is a “fair valuation” matter or other pricing issue for a security that requires the Committee’s review. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Proxy Voting

December 2020


INTRODUCTION


As a SEC-registered investment adviser and fiduciary to its clients, GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) has implemented its Proxy Voting Policy to establish internal controls and procedures governing the firm’s review and voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts. To assist in the process, GW&K leverages recognized third party service providers to facilitate the firm’s proxy voting process.


I.

Proxy Guidelines and Proxy Voting Agent


GW&K has adopted proxy voting guidelines developed by Glass Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”), an independent third-party service provider, which provides recommendations on ballot items for securities held in client accounts. Proxies are voted on behalf of GW&K's clients (who have delegated proxy voting authority) in accordance with those guidelines. GW&K reserves the right to cast votes contrary to Glass Lewis guidelines if it deems it necessary and in the best interest of its clients.


GW&K has contracted with Broadridge Financial Solutions (“Broadridge”), an independent third party service provider, to act as proxy voting agent and to provide proxy voting services, including:


1)

Conduct in-depth proxy research;

2)

Process and vote proxies in connection with securities held by GW&K’s clients;

3)

Maintain appropriate records of proxy statements, research, and recommendations;

4)

Maintain appropriate records of proxy votes cast on behalf of GW&K’s clients;

5)

Complete other proxy related administrative functions.


II.

Responsibility and Oversight


GW&K is responsible for maintaining and administering these policies and procedures. GW&K will:


1)

Annually review the adequacy of these policies and procedures as well as the effectiveness of its proxy voting agent;


2)

Annually review Glass Lewis’s proxy voting guidelines to ensure they are appropriately designed to meet the best interests of GW&K clients;


3)

Provide clients, upon written request, these proxy voting policy and procedures, and information about how proxies were voted on their behalf;


4)

Conduct regular reconciliations with client’s custodian banks to confirm the appropriate number of votes cast on behalf of clients when GW&K has been delegated proxy voting authority;


5)

Conduct a periodic review, no less often than annually, of proxy voting records to ensure that proxies are voted in accordance with adopted guidelines; and


6)

Annually review proxy voting records to ensure that records of proxy statements, research, recommendations, and proxy votes are properly maintained by its proxy voting agent.


III.

Conflicts of Interest


In adopting Glass Lewis’s proxy voting guidelines, GW&K seeks to remove potential conflicts of interest that could otherwise potentially influence the proxy voting process. In situations where Broadridge and/or Glass Lewis has a potential conflict of interest with respect to a proxy it is overseeing on behalf of GW&K’s clients, Broadridge and/or Glass Lewis is obligated to fully or partially abstain from voting the ballot as applicable and notify GW&K. GW&K’s Proxy Committee will provide the voting recommendation after discussion with applicable GW&K Portfolio Managers and a review of the measures involved. Similarly, in instances where GW&K becomes aware of a potential conflict of interest pertaining to a proxy vote for a security held in the client’s account, or where a client otherwise makes a request pertaining a specific proxy vote, GW&K’s Portfolio Management will provide the voting recommendation after reviewing relevant facts and circumstances.


Voting of Measures Outside of or Contrary to Glass Lewis & Co. Recommendations


In instances when a proxy ballot item does not fall within the Glass Lewis guidelines or where GW&K determines that voting in accordance with the Glass Lewis recommendation is not advisable or consistent with GW&K’s fiduciary duty, GW&K’s portfolio managers, with the support of GW&K’s Legal & Compliance team and other personnel, will review the relevant facts and circumstances and determine how to vote the particular proxy ballot item.



IV.

Disclosure


Clients may obtain Glass Lewis’s proxy voting guidelines or information about how GW&K voted proxies for securities held in their account by submitting a written request to:


Proxy Policy Administrator

GW&K Investment Management, LLC

222 Berkeley Street, 15th Floor

Boston, Massachusetts 02116


V.

Recordkeeping


GW&K will maintain the following records in accordance with regulatory requirements:


1)

These policies and procedures (including any applicable amendments) which shall be made available to clients upon request;

2)

Proxy statements, research, recommendations, and records of each vote;

3)

Client written requests for proxy voting information and applicable responses by GW&K.


VI.

Oversight and Documentation


Proxy Committee


GW&K has established a Proxy Voting Committee to oversee the firm’s proxy voting process, including the firm’s Proxy Voting Policy, the firm’s service providers and the proxy voting guidelines. In addition, the Committee would address any potential conflicts of interest that are identified by GW&K with respect to voting any specific proxy ballot item. The Committee is comprised of GW&K’s Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, managers of GW&K’s Investment Operations and Client Services Departments, members of the Legal & Compliance Team, as well as certain GW&K Portfolio Managers. The Committee meets annually, and more frequently as needed.


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Advisory Contracts


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management, LLC, as a SEC registered investment adviser, in meeting its obligations under Rule 204-3, 204-5 and 205(a)(2) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as well with other relevant rules and regulations with respect to GW&K advisory contracts, including sub-advisory agreements.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to have written investment advisory contracts in place for all clients, whether directly between the client and GW&K, or as covered through a master agreement between GW&K and a third party where GW&K acts as a sub-adviser. Such contracts generally include a description of services, delegation of discretionary authority if applicable, the advisory fee, and certain other terms. All contracts are required to be signed by both the client and an authorized officer of GW&K and shall be accompanied by GW&K’s Form ADV-Part 2A and Part 3 (Client Relationship Summary (for GW&K Retail Clients)), Privacy Notice, and other disclosures as applicable.


II.

Procedures


GW&K’s Client Service Department is responsible for securing executed advisory contracts as appropriate for new clients as well as for providing associated disclosure documents. All new clients of GW&K are required to be provided a copy of GW&K’s current Form ADV Part 2A, Part 3 and Privacy Notice. All investment advisory agreements are required to be reviewed by Client Service management, unless the contract is a standard form previously approved by GW&K. Any amendments to standard contractual language must be pre-approved by the Firm’s Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. Amendments to standard investment advisory fees must be approved by a Sales or Client Service Manager.


All contracts are required to be countersigned by an authorized officer of GW&K. GW&K Client Service is to ensure that copies of executed contracts and other applicable new client documents are retained by GW&K.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Anti-Money Laundering


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


As a U.S.-registered investment adviser, GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) does not currently meet the definition of “financial institution” subject to rules and regulations under the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001; however, GW&K is committed to preventing the use of client’s investment accounts (“accounts”) to commit money laundering. The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures intended to help detect potential instances of money laundering through accounts opened and maintained with GW&K.


I.

Policy


As a matter of policy, GW&K and its employees do not maintain actual, physical custody of any of its clients’ assets. See GW&K’s Custody Policy for further information. It is also GW&K’s policy to seek to prevent the misuse of funds in accounts for the purpose of money laundering or terrorist financing.

GW&K maintains policies and procedures intended to detect and deter potential occurrences of money laundering, terrorist financing and other illegal activities. GW&K will not knowingly accept clients whose name appears and is verified to be on any list of prohibited persons and entities as may be mandated by applicable law or regulation (such as the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”) Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List maintained by OFAC). GW&K personnel monitor activity in client accounts for suspicious financial activity and will notify GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department if any suspicious activity is detected.


II.

Procedures


GW&K Client Service generally seeks to obtain certain identifying information about each client before an account is opened. Such information typically includes client name, residence and mailing address, and taxpayer identification number where applicable. However, there may be certain instances, particularly where GW&K is hired as a sub-adviser within third-party sponsored managed account programs, where this information is not obtained by GW&K, but is held by the program sponsor.


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department uses a vendor service to review new client identification information against the OFAC list and certain other government watch lists on a regular basis. In situations where a new client is obtained through a third-party sponsored managed account program and identifying client information is not provided, GW&K will not perform such review or verification and will rely on the program sponsor to perform this review in accordance with applicable legal requirements. GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department will address potential matches to the OFAC list and other watch lists as appropriate.


On a periodic basis, but generally no less than annually, Legal & Compliance will perform OFAC and other watch list screening for all existing clients where identification information is on file. Additionally, on a periodic basis, but generally no less than monthly, GW&K performs OFAC and other watch list screening on all client held domestic and international securities.


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department conducts training with employees, based on the nature of their role, to effectively monitor, detect and report any potential suspicious activity in accordance with GW&K policy.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing firm compliance with this policy and the effectiveness of its implementation.





Client Complaints


December 2020




INTRODUCTION


As a U.S. registered investment adviser and fiduciary to clients, GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) places great value on understanding and serving the needs of its clients; however, in the course of conducting its business, client complaints may arise. GW&K maintains this Policy, which requires a prompt, thorough and reasonable review of all client complaints, and prompt and reasonable documented resolution.


I.

Policy


It is GW&K’s policy to promptly identify and evaluate all potential client complaints. Where it is determined that a complaint has occurred, GW&K will work to address the client’s concerns as appropriate, documenting the circumstances that gave rise to and measures taken to address the complaint. Potential client complaints may include, but are not necessarily limited to:


·

Expression by, or on behalf of a client, of dissatisfaction with service;

·

Perceived failure to execute transactions as instructed or within an anticipated timeframe;

·

Performance of investment accounts;

·

Late or otherwise unsatisfactorily completed payments, disbursements or other client instructions; or

·

Account statement, fee, billing, or other administrative concerns.


II.

Procedures


The following procedures are to be followed if GW&K believes a potential client complaint has occurred.


GW&K employees are required to contact management within GW&K’s Client Service Department immediately upon identifying a potential client complaint and provide all relevant information and existing documentation. In addition, GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is to be notified to initiate a review of the facts and circumstances surrounding the potential complaint. Where an actual complaint is identified, the GW&K Client Service Department will coordinate with the GW&K Legal & Compliance Department to respond to the client. All information pertaining to an actual client complaint and its resolution are to be documented. The documentation will typically include the following information:


(i)

Identification of client making the complaint (or any person making a complaint on a client’s behalf);

(ii)

Any and all relevant client account number(s);

(iii)

Date the complaint was received;

(iv)

Name of the Relationship Manager servicing the account;

(v)

General description of the complaint;

(vi)

Copies of any correspondence related to the complaint; and

(vii)

Summary of any action taken to address the complaint with the client.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for maintaining records of client complaints in accordance with the requirements of this Policy.





Class Action and Other Proceedings


December 2020


INTRODUCTION


As an investment adviser, GW&K Investment Management, LLC (“GW&K”) may periodically receive notices in regard to legal proceedings relating to securities held in client accounts. The purpose of this policy is to describe GW&K’s responsibilities and procedures for handling such notices.


I.

Policy


GW&K’s policy strictly prohibits its employees from accepting or assuming authority or responsibility for acting on a Client’s behalf in legal proceedings involving securities purchased or held in client accounts. This includes, but is not limited to, pursuing litigation or the filing of a proof of claim in a class action or bankruptcy proceedings.


II.

Procedures


While it is GW&K’s policy to not take legal action with regard to class actions or other legal proceedings involving securities held in client accounts, as a professional courtesy, GW&K may direct the Client or an authorized third party to the appropriate custodian(s) of record when there are requests for documentation or other information for specific action(s), or otherwise reasonably assist the Client with requested documentation or information. Clients are encouraged to seek their own legal counsel regarding any class action or other suit.


In the event that GW&K inadvertently receives class action or other legal proceeding documentation on behalf of a client or former client, GW&K’s Operations Department or the appropriate Client Service Department member will notify the client that GW&K incorrectly received the material. Additionally, in the event that GW&K inadvertently receives a check for settlement proceeds of a class action lawsuit or other legal proceedings, it will be returned to the client or returned to sender within three (3) business days in accordance with GW&K’s Custody Policy.


III.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically verifying GW&K’s compliance with this policy and ensuring that disclosures related to this policy in its Form ADV Part 2A and Part 3 (Client Relationship Summary) are accurate.






Erisa


December 2020




INTRODUCTION



The purpose of this policy is to establish procedures designed to assist GW&K Investment Management (“GW&K”) in satisfying its obligations as a fiduciary under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) where it has been hired as investment adviser to manage ERISA plan assets, or other assets for which certain requirements of ERISA apply (e.g., certain individual retirement accounts).


I.

Policy


GW&K is considered a fiduciary under ERISA because, in cases where it has been hired by an ERISA plan, it exercises discretionary authority or control involving the management or disposition of plan assets. In this capacity and per Policy, GW&K is required to:


·

Act solely in the interests of plan participants and their beneficiaries,

·

Act with the requisite level of care, skill, prudence, and diligence,

·

Avoid engaging in prohibited transactions under ERISA, unless an exemption is available; and

·

Act according to the terms of ERISA plan documents, to the extent those documents are consistent with ERISA.


GW&K is a Qualified Professional Asset Manager (“QPAM”), meeting requirements set forth in Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 84-14 issued by the Department of Labor (“DOL”).


II.

Procedures


GW&K is required to maintain procedures, compliance trading restrictions (where applicable), appropriate marketing and advertising disclosures, employee training and other controls to help ensure adherence to this policy and associated ERISA requirements. GW&K’s Sales and Client Service Departments are required to confirm with prospective clients to determine if they are benefit plan investors subject to ERISA and identify any plan-related publicly traded employer securities. Internal client service records and trading restrictions are to be updated as appropriate. Where applicable, pre and post trade compliance trading restrictions will be applied within internal systems; including, but not limited to the prohibition of cross trades, limitations on employer securities and restricting of certain plan-affiliated broker/dealers.


In accordance with GW&K’s Code of Ethics Policy, GW&K employees may not provide any person who is a fiduciary of an ERISA plan gifts, entertainment or other consideration with a value of $100 or more. For more information on GW&K’s Policy on gifts and entertainment, review GW&K’s Code of Ethics Policy.


As part of GW&K’s overall risk management and business operations process, GW&K has extensive and comprehensive insurance coverage in place. GW&K is bonded under a fidelity bond in an amount determined according to the value of ERISA assets under GW&K’s discretionary investment management. GW&K’s Finance & Administration Department, under the direction of the Firm’s Management Committee, is responsible for administrating and maintaining the Firm’s insurance coverage.




 

III.

Fiduciary Considerations with Prospective ERISA Clients


GW&K provides marketing, advertising and/or other written materials to prospective clients. ERISA provides certain exemptions, including the best interest contract exemption, the independent fiduciary exemption, and the general communications exemption, for investment advisers that market their services to prospective ERISA clients. These procedures are designed to ensure that GW&K operates within the relevant exemption(s) when the firm is marketing its services to prospective ERISA clients.


Where GW&K provides marketing, advertising and/or other materials to prospective ERISA clients, GW&K presents the data as general information that is solely for informational purposes. These materials are neither intended to be predictive in nature, nor are they intended as specific investment recommendations on which the prospective client can rely. Further, GW&K does not provide these materials in a fiduciary capacity until such time that an individual signs an investment management agreement or subscription agreement with GW&K (or with a program sponsor who has hired GW&K as a subadvisor, and where GW&K is designated as the adviser on the client’s account).


Where relevant (such as in situations where specific securities are identified), GW&K will include disclosure in its marketing, advertising and/or other materials, in order to disclose to prospective clients that GW&K is providing the information as general information, and not as a fiduciary to the client until the above-referenced agreement is signed. GW&K will determine where these disclosures are appropriate within the firm’s materials.


With respect to fees, GW&K will fully disclose all of its fees to the prospective client (typically through the investment management agreement, subscription agreement, offering memorandum, request for proposal, or other relevant document). GW&K will not recommend an investment strategy or an investment fund to a client unless GW&K reasonably believes that the fees payable to GW&K represent fair and reasonable compensation for the services provided, including without limitation (and to the extent applicable) any fees payable on a fund managed by or affiliated with GW&K. GW&K may recommend an investment fund managed by or affiliated with GW&K to ERISA clients, so long as GW&K determines that such fund and its fees are reasonable, and are consistent with GW&K’s role as a fiduciary to the client upon execution of the above-referenced agreement.


In addition, in order to avoid disadvantaging ERISA accounts in a manner that would be inconsistent with GW&K’s fiduciary duties, GW&K will not maintain a separate, higher fee schedule for ERISA accounts only. As a result, any fee differences between a particular ERISA account and any other non- ERISA account within the same investment strategy, investment fund and/or investment program will not occur solely because of the ERISA status of the account. The fee schedules for accounts managed by GW&K will therefore reflect a level of fees that the market will bear, rather than an above-market premium imposed by GW&K solely because of the ERISA status of the account.


Finally, in order to comply with the ERISA exemptions set forth above, GW&K is prohibited from making misleading statements about investment transactions, compensation or conflicts of interest to prospective or current ERISA clients.


IV.

Training


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for conducting periodic employee training for applicable personnel who engage in sales and marketing activities which could include general discussion about GW&K’s services as well as the presentation of GW&K advertising materials to prospective ERISA clients. New employees hired to work in sales and marketing capacities will receive this training at upon starting with GW&K and subsequently during annual employee update training as necessary.



V.

Oversight and Documentation


GW&K’s Legal & Compliance Department is responsible for periodically assessing GW&K’s compliance with this Policy, ERISA requirements and ensuring that disclosures related to this policy are maintained in its Form ADV Part 2A and in relevant GW&K marketing, advertising and other written materials.






Converted by EDGARwiz





New York Life Investment

 

Management Holdings LLC

 

Code of Ethics

 

July 2021


 








SECTION 1

GENERAL FIDUCIARY PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS OF BUSINESS CONDUCT


This Code of Ethics (Code) has been adopted by New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, New York Life Investments or the Company)1 and is designed to comply with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (Investment Company Act) and with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers Act). The Company has delegated administration and enforcement of this Code to New York Life Investments Compliance (Compliance Department).


Pursuant to Section 206 of the Advisers Act, both the Company and its employees are prohibited from engaging in fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative conduct. Compliance with this principal involves more than acting with honesty and good faith alone. It means that the Company has an affirmative duty of utmost good faith to act solely in the best interest of its clients. The Company is committed to promoting the highest ethical standards and practices, while pursuing its business interests.


The Code is designed to ensure that Employees comply with all applicable federal securities laws and other fiduciary standards. It is based upon the principle that the Company and its employees owe a fiduciary duty to our clients to conduct their affairs, including their personal securities transactions, in such a manner as to avoid: (i) serving their own personal interests ahead of clients,

(ii) taking inappropriate advantage of their position with the Company,(iii) making any untrue statement, omitting a material fact, or otherwise being misleading, including the use or misuse of false rumors or (iv) any actual or potential conflicts of interest or any abuse of their position of trust and responsibility.


Each Employee has an obligation to make prompt and full disclosure of any situation which may involve a conflict of interest. Potential conflicts that require disclosure include, but are not limited to, outside employment and material business relationships, outside directorships, gifts and entertainment, political activity, or any other arrangement or circumstance, including family or other personal relationships which might dissuade an Employee from acting in the best interest of the Company and its clients. Employees shall promptly notify the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) or Local Compliance Officer (LCO) of any violation or potential violation of the Code.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Code, or any other Company policy, guideline or agreement, prohibits or restricts an Employee from initiating communications directly with, or responding to any inquiry from, any regulatory or supervisory authority regarding any good faith concerns about possible violations of law or regulation.

This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest, and literal compliance with each of its specific provisions will not shield Employees from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to our clients.


Some provisions of the Code, particularly with respect to personal trading, only apply to Access Persons, as defined herein and do not apply to all Employees of the Company. Status as an Access


Person will depend on a persons specific title, functions, duties, activities, and access to information. See Section II for the definition of Access Persons.


Employees are also required to adhere to the policies relating to the Code, including, but not limited to: Insider Trading and Information Barrier Policy, Conflicts of Interest Policy, Gift and Entertainment Policy, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act/Anti-Corruption Policy, Mutual Fund Selective Disclosure Policy, Personal Political Contributions Policy, and the New York Lifes Integrity Standards of Business Conduct Policy2 (Related Policies). These Related Policies have been distributed separately from this Code. Employees of IndexIQ are also subject to the IndexIQ Self- Indexing Policies and Procedures.



SECTION 2

DEFINITIONS



Access Person - shall have the same meaning as set forth in Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act and shall include:


-

All officers (defined as Managing Director and above) or directors of New York Life Investments;


-

any Supervised Person of New York Life Investments or any other person who has access to non-public information regarding any clients purchase or sale of securities, or non- public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Affiliated Fund, or who is involved in making securities recommendations to clients, or who has access to such recommendations that are non-public;


-

Includes Index Personnel and Investment Personnel.


Affiliated Fund - The MainStay Group of Funds, IndexIQ ETF Trust and IndexIQ Active ETF Trust.


Automatic Investment Plan regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) that are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes, without limitation, dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) and Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs).


Beneficial Ownership - shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a- 1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. A beneficial owner is any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities. A pecuniary interest in securities means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in those securities. A person is presumed to have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by members of a persons Immediate Family who either reside with, or are financially dependent upon, or whose investments are controlled by, that person. A person also has a beneficial interest in securities held: (i) in a trust

which he or she is a trustee, has a beneficial interest or is the settlor with a power to revoke; (ii) by another person and he or she has a contract or an understanding with such person that the securities held in that persons name are for his or her benefit; (iii) in the form of a right to acquisition of such security through the exercise of warrants, options, rights, or conversion rights; (iv) by a partnership of which he or she is a member; (v) by a corporation that he or she uses as a personal trading medium; or

(vi) by a holding company that he or she controls.


Buy or Sell Order - an order placed with a broker to buy or sell a security that is pending and has not yet been executed.


Cashless Exercise - transactions executed when exercising employee stock options. Essentially, the money is borrowed to exercise the option to purchase shares, the option is exercised and simultaneously the shares are sold to pay for the purchase, taxes, and broker commissions.


Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) NYLIM CCO


Client - any client of the Company, including a registered investment company (mutual fund or ETF) or other person or entity.


Covered Security - means any security as defined in Section 202(a)(18) of the Advisers Act, except that it does not include:

-

direct obligations of the U.S. Government;

-

bankers acceptances;

-

bank certificates of deposit;

-

commercial paper;

-

high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;

-

shares issued by open-end mutual funds, including the MainStay Funds ;

-

interests in qualified state college tuition programs (529 Plans); and

-

cryptocurrencies or digital currencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and Dogecoin, which are a virtual or digital representations of value. However, a virtual currency token offered in an initial or digital coin offering will be deemed a Covered Security for purposes of the Code and subject to preclearance requirements (See Section 3.3 Initial Public Offerings, Private Placements and Initial Coin Offerings).


If you have a question regarding whether a security is considered a Covered Security, please contact Compliance.


Discretionary Managed Account an account managed on a discretionary basis by a person (or Robo-Adviser) other than an Employee over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control over the selection or disposition of securities and no advance knowledge of transactions therein.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIPs) a stock purchase plan offered by a corporation whereby shareholders purchase stock directly from the company (usually through a transfer agent) and allow investors to reinvest their cash dividends by purchasing additional shares or fractional shares.


Employee - any person employed by the Company. Temporary employees and consultants may be subject to the Code, as determined by the Compliance Department based on, among other things, contract length, job duties, work location, and other factors, at whatever designation the Compliance Department believes is appropriate, such as, for example, access to non-public information regarding any clients purchase or sale of securities, access to non-public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Affiliated Fund, involvement in making securities recommendations to clients, or access to such recommendations that are non-public.


Employee Stock Option Plan contracts between a company and its employees that give employees the right to buy a specific number of the companys shares at a fixed price within a certain period of time.


Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) - an organized plan for employees to buy shares of their companys stock.


Equivalent Covered Security For the purposes of this Code, Equivalent Covered Security refers to bonds or options of the same issuer.


Exchange Traded Fund an exchange-traded fund or ETF is an investment company or unit investment trust that trades like stock. The price of an ETF is derived from and based upon the securities held by the portfolio. An ETF may be passively managed and follow a specified index or actively managed. ETFs are considered covered securities under this Code. Note: Non-affiliated ETFs do not require pre-clearance pursuant to Section 3.2.1 and are exempt from the Holding Period requirements outlined in Section 3.2.2.


Federal Securities Laws - the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury.


Front Running - the buying or selling of a security by a person, with the intent of taking advantage of the market impact of a clients transaction in the underlying security by or on behalf of the Client.


Immediate Family - any of the following individuals: child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in- law, sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships who reside in the same household. The term also includes any related or unrelated individual who resides with, or whose investments are controlled by, or whose financial support is materially contributed to by, the employee, such as a significant other.


IndexIQ ETFs each exchange traded fund series of the IndexIQ ETF Trust and IndexIQ Active ETF Trust. Transactions in IndexIQ ETFs must be pre-cleared pursuant to Section 3.2.1. below and are subject to a seven- day Holding Period as outlined in Section 3.2.2.


IndexIQ Employees employees of IndexIQ Advisors LLC and IndexIQ LLC, or other employees of the Company that may support IndexIQ.


Index Personnel certain employees of IndexIQ LLC and its affiliates who have responsibility for underlying affiliated indexes and rules based processes, as well as employees of IndexIQ LLC and its affiliates appointed to assist such employees in the performance of his/her duties. Index Personnel also include other employees of the Company that may have access to non-public information with respect to indexes that IndexIQ ETFs seek to track.


Index Rebalance - a time period when an IndexIQ ETF or other accounts for which IndexIQ Advisors LLC acts as advisor and/or sub-advisor receives its rebalance or reconstitution information with respect to an underlying index for which (i) IndexIQ LLC or (ii) an unaffiliated entity serves as the index provider.


Initial Public Offering - an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which immediately before registration was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.


Insider Trading - the purchase or sale of securities of a public company while in possession of material, non-public information or communicating such information to others.


Investment Club - a group of two or more people, each of whom contributes monies to an investment pool and participates in the investment making decision process and shares in the investment returns.


Investment Personnel - employees who, in connection with their regular functions or duties, make or participate in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities for Client Accounts (i.e., portfolio managers, traders and analysts).


Local Compliance Officer (LCO) CCO or designee of an applicable NYLIM Holdings entity.


MainStay Funds each open-end fund series of The MainStay Group of Funds.


New York Life Investments - includes the following NYLIM Holdings entities: IndexIQ Advisors LLC, IndexIQ LLC, MacKay Shields LLC, New York Life Investments Alternatives LLC,3 New York Life Investment Management LLC, New York Life Investment Management (UK) Limited, NYLIM Service Company LLC, and NYLIFE Distributors LLC, as well as the following New York Life Insurance Company subsidiaries: NYL Investors LLC and New York Life Trust Company.


Non-Access Person employees that do not fall into the definition of Access Person.


Private Placement - an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 under Sections 4(a)(2) or 4(a)(6), or Rules 504, 505 or 506 thereunder.


Reportable Fund: an investment company, whether or not affiliated, advised or subadvised by the Company and any investment company whose investment adviser or principal underwriter is controlled by or under common control with the Company (e.g., IndexIQ ETFs).


Restricted List a listing of securities maintained by the CCO or LCO in which trading by Access Persons is generally prohibited.


Registered Representative - an Employee who is registered as such with a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).


Scalping- buying and selling a security on the same day as a Client and includes, among other transactions, the buying of a security when a client is selling that security, or selling a security when a Client is buying that security, with the intention of taking advantage of the market impact.


Supervised Person an Investment Advisers supervised persons are its partners, officers, directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions) and employees, as well as any other persons who provide advice on behalf of the adviser and are subject to the advisers supervision and control.



SECTION 3

PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES - RESTRICTIONS AND MONITORING PROCEDURES



3.1

General Policy All Employees


The Company has adopted the following principles governing personal investment activity which apply to all Employees:


-

Active personal trading (e.g., day trading) is discouraged. While there is currently no limitation on the number of trades that an Employee may execute or trade requests that an Employee may submit, the CCO and LCO may impose a personal trading limitation on any Employee if: (i) it is believed to be in the best interest of the Company or its clients, or (ii) such trading interferes with an Employees professional duties;

-

All personal securities transactions will be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility;

-

Employees may not engage in Insider Trading;

-

Employees must not take inappropriate advantage of their positions;

-

The interests of Client accounts will at all times be placed first (no Front Running or Scalping);

-

No personal trades may be effected through the Companys traders;

-

Employees may not purchase and sell (or exchange), or sell and purchase (or exchange), shares of the same MainStay Fund within 30 days. The 30-day holding period is measured from the time of the most recent purchase of shares of the relevant MainStay Fund by the Employee. This applies to all MainStay Funds, including shares owned through a 401(K) plan or similar account, or through a variable insurance product. It does not apply to purchases that are effected as part of an automatic dividend reinvestment plan, an automatic investment plan, a payroll deduction plan or program, or transactions in money market funds;

-

Employees may not do anything indirectly that, if done directly, would violate the Code. For example, never use a derivative, or any other instrument or technique, to circumvent Code restrictions. Such actions would be the equivalent of direct Code violations.


3.2

Additional Requirements for Access Persons and Investment Personnel


If you are designated an Access Person because of your position in the Company or your access to information regarding Client information, you are subject to the following additional requirements.


3.2.1

Preclearance of Covered Securities


Access Persons must preclear all transactions in Covered Securities. Preclearance of personal securities transactions allows the Company to prevent certain trades that may conflict with Client trading. Each Access Person must submit their requests through the employee preclearance system via the Companys Intranet. Automated feedback will be provided to the Employee as to whether the request is approved or denied.


In the event that the system is unavailable, Access Persons must send a request via an email to the Compliance Department, including the information contained in the hardcopy Preclearance Form (Exhibit C) and receive approval prior to completing any transaction in Covered Securities. The Compliance Department will provide approval or denial via email.

The authorization given through the system or by the Compliance Department is effective for the calendar day that the request was submitted and ultimately approved. If your transaction is not executed on that same day, a new request must be submitted.4


All stop orders and good to cancel orders are prohibited. Any preclearance request with these instructions will be denied.


You must preclear all transactions in IndexIQ ETFs.


3.2.2

 Holding Period/Short Swing Rule


Access Persons may not purchase and sell (or exchange) or sell and purchase (or exchange)the same (or equivalent) Covered Security within sixty (60) calendar days. The holding period is measured from the time of the most recent purchase of shares of the relevant Covered Security by the Employee (LIFO method). Violations may result in, among other things, disgorgement of the profit to the Client or to a charity of the Companys choice. Exceptions  may be made by the Compliance Department to accommodate special circumstances. Notwithstanding the above, an Access person who receives a grant of options through an Employee Stock Option Plan, who chooses to exercise those options in a Cashless Exercise, will be allowed an exception from the sixty-day holding period, but only after obtaining approval from the Compliance Department.


Transactions in IndexIQ ETFs are subject to a seven-day Holding Period.


3.2.3

Trading /Black-Out Period


Access Persons may not purchase or sell a Covered Security on a day when there is a Buy or Sell Order for a Client of their respective Investment Adviser. Access Persons deemed Investment Personnel, IndexIQ Employees and Index Personnel are further restricted in black-out periods. Investment Personnel may not purchase or sell a Covered Security if any purchase or sale of such securities has been made for an Investment Adviser Client account in the prior seven calendar days or can reasonably be anticipated for a Company Client account in the next seven calendar days.


3.2.4

Exceptions to Blackout Period


Exceptions may be granted to the black-out period set forth in paragraph 3.2.3 above on days when there is no Buy or Sell order for a Client of the Company and the transaction involves one of the following:


(i)

Securities in the Russell 1000 Index 2,000 shares or less;


(ii)

Securities NOT in the Russell 1000 Index


a.

Securities with market cap greater than $5 billion 500 shares or less, or


b.

Securities with market cap less than $5 billion - the smaller of 500 shares or less in the aggregate or less than .001% of the issuers market capitalization.

The above exceptions will not apply to Index Personnel or IndexIQ Employees during a black-out period resulting from an Index Rebalance.


3.2.5

Other Exceptions


Requirements pertaining to Sections 3.2.1 through 3.2.4 do not apply to transactions:


-

by employees of New York Life Insurance Company who are directors of New York Life Investments or certain other designated departments or persons, who do not have access to information about the Companys purchases and sales of securities;

-

in Discretionary Managed Accounts provided the Employee provides the Compliance Department with a copy of the fully executed investment management agreement which provides for the investment advisors complete discretion and control over the account, and provided the Employee (and his/her investment advisor) certifies that he/she will not have any direct or indirect influence or control over the account (see Exhibit G). Employees that have Discretionary Managed Accounts managed by an immediate family member are still subject to Sections 3.2.1 through 3.2.4;

-

that are non-volitional in nature: e.g., stock splits, stock dividends, exchanges and conversions, mandatory tenders, pro rata distributions to all holders of a class of securities, gifts, inheritances, margin/maintenance calls (where the securities to be sold are not directed by the covered person), and sales pursuant to regulated tender offers;

-

in Automatic Investment Plans such as DRIPs, ESPPs or similar accounts;

-

in any non-affiliated ETF, ;Crypto Index Funds and Single Asset products invested in cryptocurrencies, which are traded on a public exchange.

-

in securities that are not Covered Securities;

-

in government-sponsored enterprises fixed income securities (e.g., FNMA, FHLMC);

-

in variable rate demand notes (VRDNs) and variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs);

-

transactions involving stock options issued by a corporation as part of a compensation package (e.g. board memberships) do not require pre- clearance. However, a subsequent sale of the stock obtained by means of the exercise must receive prior clearance.

-

in municipal (muni) bonds. This exception will not apply to MacKay Shields Employees; or

-

in municipal auction rate securities (ARS) with short-term coupon resets (e.g., 7 days) and closed-end municipal auction rate Preferred shares. MacKay Shields Employees must preclear these instruments.


Notwithstanding the above pre-clearance exceptions, Employees are reminded of their fiduciary duty, and may not for example, engage in Front Running or Insider Trading with regard to any investments purchased.


If you have a question regarding whether a transaction requires preclearance, please contact Compliance.


3.3

Initial Public Offerings Private Placements and Initial Coin Offerings


No Access Person (or Employees who are Registered Representatives) may directly or indirectly acquire Beneficial Ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering of securities, a Private Placement or a virtual currency token offered in an initial or digital coin offering (also called ICOs or token sales) except with the express written prior approval of the CCO or LCO where applicable, in consultation with Corporate Compliance. Employees may submit a preclearance request using the employee preclearance system or email using Exhibit D.


3.4

Restricted List


No Access Person may acquire or dispose of any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in securities of an issuer listed on the Access Persons respective Investment Advisers Restrictive List.  Although transactions in securities of an issuer listed on the Restricted List are generally prohibited, case-by- case exceptions may be granted by the CCO.


3.5      Options

Transactions by Investment Persons


Investment Personnel are prohibited from trading in options with respect to individual securities covered under this Code. Transactions in index options effected on a broad-based index are permitted.


Transactions by Access Persons


Access Persons may trade options on individual securities but must ensure that expiration dates meet or exceed the 60-day holding period and short swing rule. Access Persons are also prohibited from trading in uncovered options on individual securities (i.e., trading in a position where the seller of an option contract does not own any, or enough, of the underlying security). Should an Access Person decide to exercise any option prior to expiration, a separate preclearance request would also need to be entered prior to exercise.


3.6

Investment Clubs


Access Persons and members of their Immediate Family may not participate in Investment Clubs. In certain limited instances, exceptions may be granted on a case-by-case basis.


3.7

Section 16 Requirements


Certain Employees are considered Fund Insiders pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act with respect to closed-end funds advised or subadvised by an applicable Investment Adviser. Pre- clearance by Fund Insiders is required prior to transacting in closed-end fund shares, including closed-end fund shares purchased or sold in Discretionary Managed Accounts. In addition, transactions in closed-end fund shares by Fund Insiders require additional reporting to the Commission, and are subject to holding periods. Please refer to the MainStay Funds Policies and Procedures for Compliance with Section 16 of the Securities Act of 1934 or contact the applicable CCO for more information.




SECTION 4

RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS



4.1

Initial Securities Holdings and Account Reports


Access Persons must, no later than 10 days after becoming an employee, submit an initial holdings and account report and certification (electronically via the Employee Personal Trading System (PTCC) available on the intranet (https://sso-nylife.complysci.com) or on Exhibit E Access Persons). The holdings information presented in this report must be current as of 45 days prior to employment. Access Persons must also disclose all broker, dealer or bank accounts in which any Securities (including Covered Securities) are held. Non-Access Persons are only required to disclose where Affiliated or Reportable Fund shares are held. Additionally, each new Employee shall file an Acknowledgement of Receipt of the Code of Ethics and Related Policies (via the employee preclearance system or Exhibit A). New employees may only maintain accounts at brokers from





which Compliance receives an electronic feed. Contact Compliance for a complete list.


4.2

Quarterly Reporting


Access Persons must, no later than 30 calendar days following quarter end, certify to all transactions in any Covered Security and Affiliated Funds or, alternatively, must confirm that there were no such transactions in the applicable quarter. This does not apply to transactions in Discretionary Managed Accounts as described in Section 3.2.5. Employees must complete this requirement electronically through PTCC (https://sso-nylife.complysci.com) . In the event that the system is unavailable, Access Persons shall file a Quarterly Transactions Report (Exhibit F) and/or submit updated brokerage statement to the Compliance Department.


4.3

Annual Reporting


No later than January 30th each year: (i) all Employees must file an annual certification indicating that the Employee has complied with the Code and Related Policies and (ii) Access Persons must also file an annual holdings report or submit updated, complete brokerage statements and certify to their brokerage accounts as of year-end. Employees must complete these requirements through the system.


4.4

Opening of Brokerage Accounts

 

 

Access Persons shall promptly notify the Compliance Department of any new account opened with a broker, dealer or bank including Discretionary Managed Accounts. Access Persons must provide the Compliance Department with sufficient information so that Compliance can arrange for duplicate confirmations and accounts statements to be provided to the Compliance Department. Access Persons may only open brokerage accounts with a firm that provides the Compliance Department with an electronic feed of trade confirmations and statements to be provided to the Compliance Department.  Access Persons may only open brokerage accounts with a form that provides the Compliance Department with an electronic feed of trade confirmations and statements.  Contact the Compliance Department for the complete list of firms. Exceptions are limited and require the approval of the Compliance Department. If an exception is granted, duplicate statements and confirmations must be provided to the Compliance Department via e-mail @Employee_Trading@newyorklife.com or sent to the following address:

 

New York Life Investments

PO Box 468

Jersey City, New Jersey, 07303-0468

Attn: Compliance Department

 

 

 

 

Accounts opened prior to July 2021


Current Access Persons with existing accounts, opened prior to July 2021, are not subject to the electronic feed requirement.


Non-Access Persons are only required to notify the Compliance Department of any new accounts opened with a broker, dealer or bank in which Affiliated Fund shares or Reportable Fund shares are held.


4.5  New York Life Investments Recordkeeping


The Company is required under the Advisers Act, and the Investment Company Act to keep records of certain transactions in which its Employees have direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership.


The Compliance Department maintains all records relating to compliance with the Code for all entities covered by the Code, such as preclearance requests, exception reports, other internal memoranda relating to non-compliant transactions, and preclearance records, records of violations and any actions taken as a result thereof, written acknowledgements, and the names of Access Persons for a minimum period of eight years. Acknowledgements of the Code will be maintained for eight years after the individual ceases to be an Employee.


4.6

Personal Recordkeeping


Access Persons should maintain copies of their pre-clearance authorizations, brokerage confirms and brokerage statements, if any. If there is any question as to whether a proposed transaction might involve a possible violation of the Code, the transaction should be discussed in advance with the CCO or LCO.



SECTION 5

ADMINISTRATION



5.1

Mutual Fund Code of Ethics


Certain Employees may owe a specific duty of care to each mutual fund or ETF Client based on the Employees status as an Access Person of that mutual fund. It has been determined that each Employees compliance with the Companys Code will also satisfy the requirements of Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act as well as any mutual fund or ETF that the Company presently advises or subadvises.


5.2

Sanctions and Review


Upon discovering a violation of the Code, the Company shall take whatever remedial steps it deems necessary and available to correct an actual or apparent conflict (e.g., trade reversal etc.). Following those corrective efforts, the CCO or LCO, as applicable, may impose sanctions if, based upon all of the facts and circumstances considered, such action is deemed appropriate. The magnitude of these penalties varies with the severity of the violation, although repeat offenders will likely be subjected to harsher punishment. These sanctions may include, among others, the reversal of trades, disgorgement of profits, suspension of trading privileges or, in more serious cases, inclusion in annual performance evaluations, suspension or termination of employment. It is important to note that violations of the Code may occur without employee fault (e.g., despite preclearance). In those cases, punitive action may not be warranted, although remedial steps may still be necessary.


5.3

Review by CCO


On a quarterly basis, the CCO will provide the Board of Trustees of the MainStay Funds and IndexIQ ETFs with a report describing issues arising under the Code since its last report, including but not limited to information about material violations of the Code by Access Persons and sanctions imposed in response to such violations. The CCO or LCO may also provide this information to the Compliance Committees of the respective Investment Adviser and other senior management teams.


5.4

Monitoring


The Company has delegated administration and enforcement of this Code to New York Life Investments Compliance Department. T he Compliance Department, utilizing the system and other methods, conducts reviews of all personal securities transactions and holdings reports with a view towards determining whether Employees have complied with all provisions of the Code. Compliance is responsible for developing and maintaining more detailed standard operating procedures around daily monitoring to detect and prevent violations of this Code.


5.5

Acknowledgment and Training


Each Employee must certify initially and annually thereafter that he or she has read and understood, is subject to and has complied with the Code and its related polices. Each Employee must attend a Code of Ethics training session conducted by Compliance within a reasonable time of becoming an Employee.


5.6

Exceptions


The CCO or LCO as applicable, in consultation with t h e Compliance Department, may grant written exceptions to provisions of the Code in circumstances which present special hardship. Exceptions shall be structured to be as narrow as is reasonably practicable with appropriate safeguards designed to prevent abuse of the exception. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, no exception to a provision of the Code shall be granted where such exception would result in a violation of Rule 17j-1 or Rule 204A-1.




 

1 For purposes of this Code, New York Life Investments or the Company includes the following NYLIM Holdings entities: IndexIQ Advisors LLC, IndexIQ LLC, MacKay Shields LLC, MacKay Shields Europe Investment Management Limited, New York Life Investments Alternatives LLC and its relying advisers GoldPoint Partners LLC, Madison Capital Funding LLC, and PA Capital LLC, New York Life Investment Management LLC, New York Life Investment Management (UK) Limited, NYLIFE Distributors LLC, NYLIM Service Company LLC, and the following New York Life Insurance Company subsidiaries: New York Life Trust Company, and NYL Investors LLC. Ausbil Investment Management Limited, Candriam Belgium SA, Candriam S.A. (France), Candriam Luxembourg S.A, and NYLIM Asia Limited Japan Branch, all direct or indirect subsidiaries of New York Life Insurance Company, administer their own Codes of Ethics. Each entity referred to above may be referred to individually  as an Investment Adviser.

 

 

2In certain instances, NYLICs Code of Conduct may differ. However, in these cases, employees subject to this Code must

 meet  the requirements of this Code and their firms related policies.

 

3This policy applies to New Life Investments Alternatives LLC and its relying advisers, GoldPoint Partners LLC, Madison Capital

 Funding LLC and PA Capital LLC.

 

4For employees of New York Life Investments International Ltd., New York Life Investment Management (UK) Limited only, authorization given through the employee preclearance system or by the Compliance Department is effective until the close of local markets on the next business day.

 

 

 

 


 

EXHIBIT A


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT OF THE CODE OF ETHICS AND RELATED POLICIES


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS LLC CODE OF ETHICS


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC INSIDE INFORMATION AND INFORMATION BARRIER POLICY AND PROCEDURES

·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS LLC GIFT & ENTERTAINMENT POLICY


·

POLICY AND PROCEDURES CONCERNING SELECTIVE DISCLOSURE OF MUTUAL FUND PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT PERSONAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS POLICY


·

INTEGRITY STANDARDS OF BUSINESS CONDUCT


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT/ANTI- CORRUPTION POLICY

·

INDEXIQ SELF-INDEXING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES*


I hereby certify that I have received a copy of the New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC Code of Ethics and other policies listed above, have read and am subject to the Code and these other policies, and understand the relevant requirements.



Received by:

Signature:

Signature:

Name:

Name:

Title:

Title:

Department:

Department:






*Applies only to employees of IndexIQ

**Applies to certain employees of the NYLIM Strategic Asset Allocation and Solutions Group




This form may also be submitted via the employee preclearance system


EXHIBIT B


ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE

·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS LLC CODE OF ETHICS


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC INSIDE INFORMATION AND INFORMATION BARRIER POLICY AND PROCEDURES

·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS LLC GIFT & ENTERTAINMENT POLICY


·

POLICY AND PROCEDURES CONCERNING SELECTIVE DISCLOSURE OF MUTUAL FUND PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT PERSONAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS POLICY


·

INTEGRITY STANDARDS OF BUSINESS CONDUCT


·

NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT/ANTI- CORRUPTION POLICY

·

INDEXIQ SELF-INDEXING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES*


I hereby certify that I have received read and understood the Code and policies listed above. I further certify that I have complied with and will continue to comply with each of the provisions of the Code and policies to which I am subject.




Received by:

Signature:

Signature:

Name:

Name:

Title:

Title:

Department:

Department:








*Applies only to employees of IndexIQ

**Applies to certain employees of the NYLIM Strategic Asset Allocation and Solutions Group




This form may also be submitted via the employee preclearance system


EXHIBIT C


NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENTS PERSONAL SECURITIES TRADING PRECLEARANCE REQUEST FORM


Employee Name   Broker  

Brokerage Account #  

Received by/Date Received



TRADES MUST BE MADE ON THE SAME DAY THAT APPROVAL IS RECEIVED.






DATE




NAME OF SECURITY



# OF SHRS, PRINCIPAL AMOUNT,

ETC.




APPROX PRICE



SYMBOL

OR CUSIP #



SEC.

MKT. CAP.





PURCHASE/SALE

DIRECT OWNERSHIP (D)

FAMILY (F) CONTROL

(C)


APPROVED DENIED
























































The person indicated above has stated and represents that:

(a)

he/she has no inside information (including information relating to planned securities transactions by the Company) relating to the above referenced issuer(s);

(b)

there are no conflicts of interest in these transactions with respect to Client portfolios (IF A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS, PLEASE CONTACT THE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT IMMEDIATELY); and

(c)

these securities are not initial public offerings or private placements.






This form may also be submitted via the employee preclearance system





EXHIBIT D


NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS LLC

IPO/LIMITED OFFERING/Initial Coin Offering PRECLEARANCE REQUEST FORM


Employee Name


Employee Title


Registered Representative?*

 

If yes, transaction must be approved by Distributors CCO also.

(YES or NO)

Are you a NYLIC Officer? (YES or NO)

 

If yes, please note that in order to invest in certain private funds, there are certain conditions that may need to be satisfied under New York Insurance Law Section 1411(e) in order to make the investment due to insurance law restrictions. Compliance, with the assistance of OGC, will review these restrictions prior to approving your investment.





______ Proposed investment in an Initial Public Offering (IPO)1


Name of Security:


Estimated Quantity:


Estimated Trade Date:


Estimated Price:


Broker/Dealer (if any):


Brokerage Account Number:


I represent that my trading in this investment is not based on material non-public information.




______ Proposed investment in a limited offering (e.g., private placement, hedge fund, etc.)


Estimated Date of Transaction:


Name of Private Investment Entity:

*Please provide copy of Offering Memorandum


Transaction:

Initial Purchase  _______

Additional Purchase _________

Amount of Transaction (USD$, number of shares, units, interest, etc.):





1 Please note that your Broker/Dealer may have further restrictions on purchasing IPOs if you meet the Restricted Person definition under FINRA Rule 5130


EXHIBIT D (cont.)

Conflicts Review:


Is this Private Fund a fund that is managed or sponsored by NYLIC or an affiliate of NYLIC?

Yes  ________

No  _________

If yes, and you are a NYLIC Officer, then you are prohibited from owning more than 5% of the fund. Compliance will confirm

this prior to approving your investment, and will monitor it on an on-going basis.

How did you become aware of the opportunity to invest in this limited offering?


What is the nature of your relationship with the individual or entity offering the opportunity?


Are you investing with any special terms? (e.g., less than required minimum amount)


Are you aware of whether the Firm has any other business dealings with the sponsor or manager of

this vehicle?



I understand that approval for limited offerings will only be in effect for 90 days from the date of the Chief Compliance Officers signature.




Employee Signature


Date


Approved/Denied



CCO Signature


Date

NYLIFE Distributors CCO*




* Required if employee is a registered representative of NY Life Distributors LLC






This form may also be submitted electronically in the employee preclearance system.





EXHIBIT E- Access Persons


ACCESS PERSON INITIAL/ANNUAL SECURITIES HOLDINGS/ ACCOUNT REPORT AND CERTIFICATION



Name

 Initial Report  

Annual Report

As of the date below, the following are each and every Covered Security2 , Affiliated Fund, Reportable Fund, and securities account in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest. For purposes of this report, the term Beneficial Ownership is very broad and includes, but is not limited to, ownership of securities or securities accounts (including Discretionary Managed Accounts) by or for the benefit of a person, or such persons immediate family sharing the same household, including any account in which the Employee or family member of that person holds a direct or indirect beneficial interest, retains discretionary investment authority or exercises a power of attorney. The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in- law, or sister-in-law and also includes adoptive relationships. For a more complete definition of these terms, please consult the New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC Code of Ethics


This report need not disclose Covered Securities held in any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control.



Name of Security/Affiliated

Fund /Reportable Fund


Exchange Ticker

Symbol or CUSIP


Broker, Dealer or Bank

where Security Held


No. of Shares

and Principal Amount


Nature of Interest (Direct Ownership,

Family Member, Control, Etc.)














































2 Covered Securities do not include bank certificates of deposit, open-end mutual fund shares and

U.S. Government obligations.




EXHIBIT E- Access Persons

(cont.)


Name of any broker, dealer or bank with which I maintain an account in which any securities (including securities that are not Covered Securities and Discretionary Managed Accounts) are held for my direct or indirect benefit (Securities Account) as of the date appearing above:


Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank with which Account Is

Held


Date Account Established


Account Number


























I understand that brokerage accounts may only be maintained at brokers where Compliance receives an electronic feed of trade confirmations and statements. I may be required to transfer these accounts to a different broker. I acknowledge that I am responsible for all associated transfer costs.


I certify that the securities listed above are the only Covered Securities, Affiliated Funds, and Reportable Funds in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest. I further certify that the accounts listed above are the only securities accounts in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest. I also consent to the release of certain personal information (name, home address, social security number and spouses first initial) by the Company in order to obtain statements and confirmations for my securities accounts. I also understand that transactions in these accounts will be monitored for compliance with the provisions of this Code. During this time, the Company will agree that all personal information shall be held in strict confidence and shall not be revealed to any person, corporation or entity (including third parties)(together referred to as "Engaged Parties"), other than any Engaged Parties hired to facilitate implementation of the Code of Ethics, as required by law, a court order or a demand by a regulatory agency having jurisdiction, without prior written consent of the Company and the employee. Any Engaged Parties hired to facilitate implementation of the Code of Ethics will be held to the same standards with respect to maintaining the confidentiality of personal information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, I understand however that the Company is authorized to disclose to its other customers, should they inquire, that I am currently (or have been) employed in some capacity in the securities related/financial services industry without identifying New York Life Investments (or its affiliates) as the employer. Such disclosure would generally take place if I opened a securities account with a client of the Company. These steps are being taken by the Company in its commitment to ensure compliance with federal securities laws.





EXHIBIT E- Access Persons (cont.)



Employee Signature    

Date of Submission    

Received By  

                     Date Received  



Return form to:

NewYork Life Investments 30 Hudson Street 23rd Floor

Jersey City, New Jersey, 07302

Attn: Compliance Department





EXHIBIT E Non-Access Persons


NON-ACCESS PERSON INITIAL/ANNUAL ACCOUNT REPORT AND CERTIFICATION



Name

 Initial Report  

Annual Report

As of the date below, the following are each and every securities account in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest that holds Affiliated Funds and/or Reportable Funds. For purposes of this report, the term Beneficial Ownership is very broad and includes, but is not limited to, ownership of securities or securities accounts (including Discretionary Managed Accounts) by or for the benefit of a person, or such persons immediate family sharing the same household, including any account in which the Employee or family member of that person holds a direct or indirect beneficial interest, retains discretionary investment authority or exercises a power of attorney. The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in- law, or sister-in-law and also includes adoptive relationships. For a more complete definition of these terms, please consult the New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC Code of Ethics:



Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank with which Account Is Held


Date Account Established


Account Number


























I certify that the securities accounts listed above are the only securities accounts in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest that holds Affiliated Funds and/or Reportable Funds. I also consent to the release of certain personal information (name, home address, social security number and spouses first initial) by the Company in order to obtain statements and confirmations for my securities accounts. During this time, the Company will agree that all personal information shall be held in strict confidence and shall not be revealed to any person, corporation or entity (including third parties) (together referred to as "Engaged Parties"), other than any Engaged Parties hired to facilitate implementation of the Code of Ethics, without prior written consent of the Company and the employee. Any Engaged Parties hired to facilitate implementation of the Code of Ethics, as required by law, a court order or a demand by a regulatory agency having jurisdiction, will be held to the same standards with respect to maintaining the confidentiality of personal information.





EXHIBIT E Non-Access Persons (cont.)


Notwithstanding the foregoing, I understand however that the Company is authorized to disclose to its other customers, should they inquire, that I am currently (or have been) employed in some capacity in the securities related/financial services industry without identifying New York Life Investments (or its affiliates) as the employer. Such disclosure would generally take place if I opened a securities account with a client of the Company. These steps are being taken by the Company in its commitment to ensure compliance with federal securities laws.


Employee Signature    Date of Submission    Received By  

Date Received  



Return form to:

NewYork Life Investments 30 Hudson Street 23rd Floor

Jersey City, New Jersey, 07302

Attn: Compliance Department








This form may also be submitted via the employee preclearance system.





EXHIBIT F


QUARTERLY TRANSACTIONS REPORT



Name

 Quarter Ending

As of the date appearing below, the following are each and every transaction in a Covered Security, Affiliated Fund and Reportable Fund in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest For a more complete definition of these terms, please consult the New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC Code of Ethics. This report need not disclose transactions in Covered Securities and Affiliated Fund Shares in any account over which the Employee has no direct influence or control.





Amount











Price




(#

Exchange

Interest




Nature of Interest

Firm Through

Name of Security/

Shares

Ticker

Rate/


Nature of


(Direct

Which

Affiliated

or

Symbol or

Maturity


Transaction


Ownership,

Transaction

Fund/Reportable

Principal

CUSIP

Date (if

Trade

(Purchase,


Spouse, Control,

Was Effected

Fund

Amount)


applicable)

Date

Sale, Etc.)


Etc.)















































If no transactions in Covered Securities, Affiliated Fund Shares or Reportable Fund Shares occurred, please insert NONE here:

In connection with any purchases or sales of securities for clients during the quarter, I disclosed to the Company any material interests in my Covered Securities, Affiliated Fund Shares, and Reportable Fund Shares which might reasonably have been expected to involve a conflict with the interests of clients. Also, I have disclosed all my Covered Securities, Affiliated Fund Shares and Reportable Fund shares holdings to the Company.


Employee Signature    Date of Submission    Received By  

Date Received  


This form may also be submitted via the employee preclearance system






New York Life Investments Holdings LLC

EXHIBIT G


Employee Certification Third-Party Discretionary Managed Account(s)


I currently hold the position of

at

(the Firm),


and I am requesting an exemption from the pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the NYLIM Holdings LLC Code of Ethics with respect to the below listed account(s) for which I have retained a third-party manager with complete investment discretion.


Third Party Management Firm:


Financial Advisor Name and Contact Information:


Do you have any personal or family relationship with the Financial Advisor?


Account Number(s):



I understand in making this request that I must agree/certify to the following:


·

I have provided the Compliance Department with a copy of the fully executed investment management agreement which is currently in effect.

·

Such agreement provides for the managers complete discretion and control over the account.

·

I will not have any direct or indirect influence or control over the account, including but not limited to:

o

I will not suggest that the manager make any particular purchases or sales of securities;

o

I will not direct the manager to make any particular purchases or sales of securities;

o

I will not consult with the manager as to the particular allocation of specific investments

o

I will not ask the manager about intended purchases or sales ahead of time;

o

I will not participate in any manner in the managers specific investment decision- making.

·

I will not engage in an initial public offering or private placement via the discretionary agreement.

·

I will not discuss with my Financial Advisor any Firm related investment activity in advance.

·

I further understand that the Compliance Department will, upon receipt of all required information, seek approval from the Chief Compliance Officer and notify me of the decision.





EXHIBIT G (cont.)


·

If for any reason it becomes necessary for me to become involved in the trading activity conducted by my Financial Advisor, I will notify the Compliance Department ahead of time.

·

I will arrange for my Financial Advisor to provide promptly account statements upon request.

·

If my Financial Advisor is an immediate family member, trading activity will be subject to preclearance. Duplicate trade confirmations and statements must be provided to Compliance.

·

To the best of my knowledge, I have provided the Compliance Department with all information relevant to this request; and I have not failed to disclose any relevant information concerning this request or concerning the discretionary managed account relationship.

·

I agree to notify the Compliance Department immediately if there is any material change to the information set forth in this certification.





Employee Signature


Name

 Date





EXHIBIT G (cont.)


Third-Party Investment Manager/Financial Advisor Certification

As a third-party investment manager (Manager), we certify that we will have full discretion over the account(s) listed below, and that Mr./Ms.(the Employee) will not have any direct or indirect influence or control over the account(s), including but not limited to:


o

The Employee will not suggest that the Manager make any particular purchases or sales of securities

o

The Employee will not direct the Manager to make any particular purchases or sales of securities

o

The Employee will not consult with the Manager as to the particular allocation of specific investments

o

The Employee will not ask the Manager about intended purchases or sales ahead of time

o

The Employee will not participate in any manner in the Managers specific investment decision-making.

·

We will provide copies of account statements to the Compliance Department promptly upon request in the future.

·

We understand that the Employee is requesting an exemption from applicable Code of Ethics requirements pursuant to which the Employee will not be required to seek prior approval for or otherwise report securities transactions in the account(s). If the Manager is an immediate family member of the employee, preclearance of transactions and the provision of account statements and trade confirmations will be required.

·

We agree to notify the Compliance Department immediately if there is any material change to the information set forth in this certification.




Signature


Date

Name



Title



Name of Firm



Account Number(s)



Account Name(s)




Internal Use Only

Chff Compliance Officer                                                                                                           Date





Converted by EDGARwiz


PGI Code of Ethics


Applicability

The investment advisers, investment companies, distributor companies and service companies listed in Addendum A (collectively, the Firm) have adopted this Code of Ethics, establishing a standard of conduct for Firm Employees.

 

Policy Statement

This Code of Ethics (the Code) establishes a standard of conduct for Firm employees by:


·

Providing clear guidance to all employees that the Firms Clients interests come first

ahead of all personal interests;

·

Providing policies and procedures consistent with applicable laws and regulations, including Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the 40 Act; and

·

Seeking to avoid conflicts of interests, or the appearance of such conflicts, when officers, directors, supervised persons, employees and other persons of the Firm own or engage in transactions involving securities.

 

 

Responsibility for Policy

The Code applies to persons deemed to be Access Persons of the Firm, as defined below under Definitions. Access Persons include any officer, director, employee or other person of the Firm. Unless otherwise determined by PGI Compliance, Access Persons also includes positions held by consultants, contractors, temporary employees, interns, co-op students, and Principal Financial Group (Principal) Human Resources and Legal staff supporting the Firm.


Please see the Addenda for a custom Principal Funds Access Person definition applicable to the Funds, as well as other custom provisions applicable to certain entities of the Firm.


The Code is supplemental to the Principal Corporate Global Code of Conduct which can be found on

Principal Passport.


A.

Standards of Business Conduct


The following standards of business conduct shall govern personal investment activities of Access Persons and interpretation and administration of this Code:


·

The interests of the Firms Clients must be placed first at all times;

·

Access Persons must act honestly and fairly and with due skill, care and diligence in the best interest of Firm clients and the integrity of the market;

·

Access Persons have an obligation to observe just and equitable principals of trading;

·

All personal securities transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an

individuals position of trust and responsibility;

·

Access Persons should not take advantage of their positions; and

·

Access Persons must comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws.




 

The Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interests, and literal compliance with each of its specific provisions will not shield Access Persons from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to the Firms Clients.


B.

Protection of Material Non-Public Information


Access Persons must review and comply with the Insider Trading Policy.


It is unlawful to trade in any security based on material nonpublic (or inside) information or to disclose such information to others who may profit from it. This applies to all types of securities, including equities, options, debt and mutual funds. All Access Persons will keep information pertaining to Clients portfolio transactions and holdings confidential. No person with access to securities recommendations or pending securities transactions and Client portfolio holdings should disclose this information to any person unless such disclosure is made in connection with the persons regular functions or duties. All possible care should be taken to avoid discussing confidential information with anyone who would not normally have access to such information.


C.

Personal Account Reporting


Access Persons must report all Covered Accounts (Accounts) in which they have Beneficial Ownership of any Reportable Security (Security) or Reportable Fund or are capable of holding such Securities at the start of their employment, upon opening of a new account and annually thereafter.


Beneficial Ownership shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) when determining whether a person is a beneficial owner of a Security.


For example, the term Beneficial Ownership shall encompass:


·

Securities in the persons own Accounts;

·

Securities owned by members of the persons immediate family sharing the same

household;

·

A persons proportionate interest in the portfolio of Securities held by a partnership,

trust, corporation or other arrangements; and

·

Securities a person might acquire or dispose of through the exercise or conversion of any derivative Security (e.g. an option, whether presently exercisable or not).


Security shall have the meaning set forth in Section 202(a)(18) of the Advisers Act and Section 2(a)(36) of the 40 Act including, but not limited to fixed income securities such as bonds and notes, equity securities such as stocks and exchange traded funds (ETF), derivatives such as options and futures, unit investment trusts (UIT), and private investments.




1. New Accounts


New Accounts must be opened with brokerage firms that provide electronic data feeds unless otherwise pre-approved by PGI Compliance. This does not apply to ex-U.S. Accounts or Discretionary Accounts.

Please refer to Addendum F for a current list of brokers that provide electronic feeds. Associated Persons of Principal Funds Distributor have an additional requirement to pre-clear the opening of new accounts.


2.

Discretionary Accounts


Discretionary Accounts are reportable and require Access Persons to provide a copy of the managed account agreement to PGI Compliance. The discretionary managed account agreement outlines trading discretion authority granted to another party (individual, entity or money manager), which allows them to buy/sell Securities without the Account owners consent for each trade. A Discretionary Account is sometimes referred to as a managed or blind-managed account. Discretionary Accounts are exempt from the pre-clearance requirement, 30 day holding period, quarterly transaction reports and initial public offerings prohibition provisions of the Code.


3.

Crypto-Asset Accounts


Crypto-Asset Accounts and their digital asset holdings are reportable. This would include investments in cryptocurrency (e.g. Bitcoin), initial coin offering (ICO), distributed ledger technology, blockchain and/or any related products and pooled investment vehicles. An Account summary must be provided upon request from PGI Compliance.


4.

Principal Fund Accounts


Principal Fund Accounts are reportable and include Principal Funds that are open-end mutual funds (including underlying sub-accounts within Principal Variable Life and Variable Annuity contracts) and closed-end investment companies operated as interval funds.


Principal Funds are subject to the initial and annual reporting requirements; however, they are exempt from pre-clearance and the 30 calendar day holding period. Notwithstanding the exemption from the 30 calendar day holding period, trustees, beneficial owners of more than 10%, and certain designated Executive Officers of Principal Diversified Select Real Asset Fund and any other closed end interval fund managed by PGI or its affiliates, generally must disgorge, under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, any profit realized by such person from any purchase and sale, or any sale and purchase, of any equity security of such fund (or a security based swap agreement involving such equity security) within any period of less than six (6) months.


5.

Private Investments


Private Investment are reportable and may only be acquired or sold with prior approval of the Access Persons supervisor and PGI Compliance. Pre-approval requests for private investments can be submitted within the FIS Protegent Personal Trading Assistant (PTA) system under the Available Forms section.




6. Corporate Human Resources (HR) Benefit Plans


Corporate HR Benefit Plans, such as the Principal Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), Excess Plan, and the 401(k) Plan, are considered Covered Accounts and will be monitored by Compliance. These Accounts are exempt from reporting, pre-clearance and holding period requirements. Compliance will obtain information directly from HR Benefits for monitoring. There is no action required by Access Persons to create these Accounts within the PTA system.


7.

Restricted Stock Units, Stock Option Awards, Stock Options, Broad-based Options, and Performance Share Awards


Restricted Stock Units (RSU), Stock Option Awards, Stock Options, Broad-based Options, and Performance Share Awards are not considered Covered Accounts and, thus, are not subject to reporting, pre-clearance or holding period requirements. Please note, once vested/exercised, and if you elect to receive stock, the stock is held within a Morgan Stanley retail account that is restricted to only trading Principal Financial Group (ticker: PFG) stock.


This specific Morgan Stanley Account and the PFG stock are exempt from reporting in the PTA system; however, if you wish to transfer PFG stock to a different brokerage account, ALL provisions of the Code will apply to the stock.


D.

Personal Security Transactions


Pre-clearance approval from PGI Compliance is required for personal Security transactions prior to executing or entering into any buy or sell transaction. A denied pre-clearance may not be executed.

1.

Pre-clearanc approval:

·

Is valid for 2 business days (meaning the current day and next business day). If the trade is not executed within 2 business days, the Access Person must submit a new pre-clearance request.

·

Applies to all market and limit orders, good-till-cancel orders, and stop loss orders.

·

Is not required for Exempted Securities or Exempted Transactions. Please refer to those listed below.


Access Persons can submit a pre-clearance request online within the PTA system, which is available on a secure internet browser with user login credentials at https://principal.ptaconnect. com/. Should an Access Person not have access to the PTA system, the person may call or email pre-clearance requests to PGI Compliance either directly or through use of a pre-approved delegate or proxy.


2.

Restricted and Prohibited Transactions


The following personal Securities transaction are restricted and prohibited transactions; accordingly, you may not:




·     Execute a Security transaction without pre-clearance approval, if required.

·

Acquire any Security in an initial public offering (IPO).

·

Sell short any Security.

·

Participate in Investment Clubs.

·

Sell a Security in less than 30 calendar days after purchase date for a profit (T+30).

o

The 30 calendar day holding period does not apply to sales at a loss.

o

Any sales at a loss cannot be re-established (buy back) in the next 30 calendar days.

o

If sold at a profit prior to the expiration of the 30 calendar day period, the transaction will be a Code violation, and any profits realized may be disgorged to a charitable organization designated by the Firm.

·

Buy a Security at a lower price in less than 30 calendar days after sale date (buy back).

·

Purchase or write derivatives (such as stock options, futures on indices and options and futures on commodity, credit, currency, equity, interest rate and volatility) if the expiration date is less than 30 calendar days from the purchase date.

o

No derivative position may be closed less than 30 calendar days from the date it is established.

o

This does not apply to stock options that are part of a hedged position where the underlying stock is held long.

·

Engage in financial spread betting and contracts of difference. These types of derivative contracts involve taking or placing a bet on the price movement of a security, index, currency, commodity or other financial product.

·

Loan money to individuals or entities as an investment or business transaction. Note: this does not apply to personal loans to family.

·

Purchase PFG stock on margin, short sell PFG stock, or trade PFG put or call options, or other instruments noted in the Principal Insider Trading Policy.

·

Purchase or sell a Security at all, when so determined by the Chief Compliance Officer, in the

CCOs discretion.


3.

Exempted Securities


Securities listed below are exempt from the reporting, pre-clearance, and holding period requirements:


·

Direct Obligations of the Government of the United States

·

Bankers acceptances

·

Bank certificates of deposit

·

Commercial paper

·

High quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements

·

Money market funds

·

Open-end mutual funds with outside fund companies that are not advised or sub-advised by the Firm or its affiliates. Open-end mutual funds always have a five-letter symbol ending in an X.

o

This exemption applies to funds used in 529 Plans that are registered as municipal securities and only offer open-end mutual funds or securities designed to mirror the structure of open-end mutual funds as underlying investment options. 

o  This exemption does not apply to ETFs, I-Shares (i.e. BlackRock) and closed-end funds. All ETF transactions must be pre-cleared and are subject to the Personal Securities Transactions requirements listed above.

·

Shares issued by unit investment trusts (UIT) that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end mutual funds, none of which are advised or sub-advised by the Firm or its affiliates.


4.

Exempt Transactions


The transactions listed below are exempt from the pre-clearance requirement only. All other reporting and holding period requirements apply.


·

De minimis transactions of 50 shares or less or under $500 in value of a Security in aggregate within a 30 calendar day period.

·

Transactions in Reportable Funds.*

·

Transactions in Principal Funds that are open-ended mutual funds (including underlying subaccounts of Principal Variable Life and Variable Annuity Contracts).*

·

Securities acquired through an employer-sponsored automatic payroll deduction plan. However, any sale transaction must be pre-cleared and reported.

·

Reinvestment of dividends under a dividend reinvestment plan or in an automatic investment plan for purchase of Securities already owned and pre-cleared. Note, any sale transaction must be pre-cleared as those are not part of a plan.

·

Transactions effected by an issuer pro rata of a class of Securities already owned, such as stock splits, stock dividends or the exercise of rights, warrants or tender offers (e.g. corporate actions).

·

Transactions which are non-volitional on the part of the Access Person. Transactions in an account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control (e.g. assignment of management discretion in writing to another party).

·

Transactions in Crypto-Assets.


*

Reportable Funds and Principal Funds are not subject to the 30 calendar day holding period. Notwithstanding this exemption from the 30 calendar day holding period, trustees, beneficial owners of more than 10%, and certain designated Executive Officers of Principal Diversified Select Real Asset Fund and any other closed end interval fund managed by PGI or its affiliates, generally must disgorge, under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, any profit realized by such person from any purchase and sale, or any sale and purchase, of any equity security of such fund (or a security based swap agreement involving such equity security) within any period of less than six (6) months.


5.

Special Rules for Portfolio Managers and Investment Personnel


A Portfolio Managers personal Security trading shall have no effect on Client portfolio decisions or

ability to trade.


·

No Portfolio Manager may personally transact Securities that are held or traded in actively managed portfolios for which they are responsible.

·     Portfolio Managers must obtain pre-clearance approval to trade Reportable Funds and Principal Funds (including open-end mutual funds, closed-end investment companies operated as interval funds, and ETFs) they manage.

·

Certain individuals with roles that have real-time trading data of portfolios may not personally purchase or sell a Security or its underlying securities within 7 calendar days before and after a portfolio has transacted in the same security. This blackout period is a total of 15 calendar days, which includes the full 7 calendar days before, after, and including the Client portfolio trade date.


E.

Reporting and Certification Requirements


1.

Initial and Annual Certification


Within 10 calendar days of hire or identification, all Access Persons must initially certify and acknowledge they have read and understand the Code and the Insider Trading Policy and its applicability to them, and that they will comply with the requirements. Thereafter, annual certification will be required no later than 30 calendar days after each calendar year-end. PGI Compliance will ensure each Access Person receives a copy of the Code and any material amendments thereto, which are available on Principal Passport.


2.

Holdings and Accounts Reports


The Initial Holdings and Accounts report must be submitted within 10 calendar days after becoming an Access Person, with the Reportable Securities information being current as of a date no more than 45 calendar days prior to the date of becoming an Access Person. Thereafter, Annual Holdings and Accounts reports are required no later than 30 calendar days after each calendar year-end with information being no more than 45 calendar days prior to the report being submitted.


The Security holdings report must contain the following information:

·

Security name, number of shares, exchange ticker symbol/ CUSIP/ISIN and principal amount;

·

Name of the firm at which Securities are held; and

·

Date which the Access Person submits the report.


The Quarterly Transactions report must be submitted no later than 30 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. This report will list all Security transactions during the previous calendar quarter in Reportable Securities, which excludes exempted transactions and exempted securities set forth above.


The Quarterly Transactions report must contain the following information:

·

Date of the transaction;

·

Security name, number of shares, exchange ticker symbol/CUSIP/ISIN and principal amount of each Security executed;

·

Nature of the transaction (e.g., buy or sell);

·

Price at which the transaction was effected;

·

Name of the firm through which the transaction was effected; and

·

Date which the Access Person submits the report.








3. Reporting and certifications are required within the PTA system.


Upon reporting of Securities and Accounts, Compliance will request duplicate copies of Account statements and transaction confirmations from the investment firm (commonly referred to as broker) either electronically or paper. Ex-U.S. and other Account statements and transaction reporting may need to be obtained from the Access Person if investment firm will not provide.


F.

Failure to Report or Comply


Upon discovering a violation of the Code, PGI Compliance will work with the Access Persons supervisor to recommend a sanction as determined appropriate, and the supervisor will then work with appropriate persons to impose such sanction. Sanctions may include a verbal warning, retraining session, written warning, disgorgement of profits, suspension from personal trading, or other sanctions, up to and including suspension or termination of employment.


Access Persons must report any violations of the Code or applicable laws promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer (or designee). This includes self-reporting if you commit a violation. Anyone who, in good faith, raises an issue regarding a possible violation of law, regulation, or company policy, or any suspected illegal or unethical behavior, will be protected from retaliation. Access Persons can also report violations or suspected violations to the Ethics Hotline at 1-888-858-4433, through the Principal Unethical or Fraudulent Activity Reporting Form, or through the Principal Whistleblower policy, which is available on Principal Passport.


ADMINISTRATION


The Chief Compliance Officer has the authority to interpret the Code and grant exceptions when appropriate. PGI Compliance will maintain a system for the regular review of all reports of personal Reportable Securities transactions and holdings under this Code.


Annually, individuals charged with the responsibility for monitoring compliance with this Code will prepare a written report to the Board of Directors that, at a minimum, will include:

·

Certification that the Firm has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code;

·

Identification of material violations and sanctions imposed in response to those violations during the past year;

·

Description of issues that arose during the previous year under the Code; and

·

Recommendations, if any, as to changes in existing restrictions or procedures based upon experience with this Code, evolving industry practices, and changes and developments in applicable laws or regulations.






Contacts


NAME

CONTACT

Niki Rathert

(515) 362-1412

Rathert.Niki@principal.com

Andrew Donohue

Chief Compliance Officer


(212) 603-3659


Donohue.Andrew@principal.com

 

 

Definitions


Access Person means any officer, director, employee or other person of the Firm, as well other any other person, who (i) has access to nonpublic information regarding any clients purchase or sale of Securities; (ii) has access to nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any client or

affiliated mutual funds; or (iii) is involved in making Security recommendations to clients or has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic. This includes positions held by consultants, contractors, temporary employees, interns, co-op students and Principal HR and legal staff supporting the Firm. All Firm employees are deemed to be Access Persons unless otherwise determined by Compliance to be specifically exempted as an Exempt Access Person.


Beneficial Ownership is interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Exchange Act when determining whether a person is a beneficial owner of a Security. For example, the term Beneficial Ownership shall encompass: (1) Securities in the persons own Accounts; (2) Securities owned by members of the persons immediate family sharing the same household; (3) A persons proportionate interest in the portfolio of Securities held by a partnership, trust, corporation or other arrangements; and (4) Securities a person might acquire or dispose of through the exercise or conversion of any derivative Security (e.g. an option, whether presently exercisable or not).


Covered Account (Account) means any investment account or any other type of account that holds or is capable of holding Securities. The Accounts tax status has no impact on whether an account qualifies as an Account.


Crypto-Asset means an investment in cryptocurrency (e.g. Bitcoin), initial coin offering (ICO), distributed ledger technology, blockchain and/or any related products and pooled investment vehicles.


Exempt Access Person refers to specific personnel deemed to be exempt from the personal trading provisions of the Code and Compliance Manual, specifically, if a Board Director does not have (i) access to nonpublic information regarding any clients purchase or sale of Securities; (ii) access to nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any client or affiliated mutual funds; and/or (iii) involvement in making Security recommendations to clients or have access to such recommendations that are nonpublic; the CCO may deem such person to be an Exempt Access Person. The CCO (or designee) will notify any Exempt Access Person of such designation. Exempt Access Person are relieved from personal trading provisions of the Code and Compliance Manual. PGI Compliance will maintain a list of any Exempt Access Persons and will review such list on an annual (or otherwise more frequent basis).


Federal Securities Laws refers to any one or more of the laws that govern the securities industry, such as the: Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act), Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (Indenture Act), Investment Company Act of 1940 (40 Act), Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers Act), Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank), Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act), and any rules and regulations adopted by the

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under any of these statutes, as well as the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA, as it applies to funds and investment advisers), and any rules and regulations adopted thereunder by the SEC or the U.S. Department of the Treasury.


Investment Club means a group of individuals who combine their funds for the purpose of making investments and/or advancing their investment education. Participation in Investment Clubs is prohibited under this Code.


Investment Personnel means the Portfolio Managers, Traders, Charles River Trade Support staff, Compliance Department staff, any individual with authorization to send/direct a trade on client portfolios, or any individual at the discretion of the Chief Compliance Officer.


Loans mean either secured or unsecured arrangements (documented or undocumented) where an individual or entity finances a sum of money that must be repaid (with or without interest) at some point in the future. For purposed of the Code, loans to family members are excluded from this definition.


Portfolio Manager means an individual entrusted with the direct responsibility and authority to make investment decisions for or affecting the portfolios of clients.


Private Investments generally, private investments involve the sale of Securities to a relatively small number of qualified investors in a private transaction, rather than through an exchange or over-the- counter market. Private investments may not have to be registered with the SEC and, in many cases, detailed financial information is not disclosed. Examples include, but are not limited to, limited partnerships, hedge funds and private equity transactions.


Reportable Fund means (i) any fund for which the Firm serves as an investment advisor, as defined by the 40 Act; or (ii) any fund whose investment advisor or principal underwriter controls the Firm, is controlled by the Firm, or is in common control with the Firm.


Reportable Security, or Security shall have the meaning of Security as set forth in Section 202(a)(18) of the Advisers Act and Section 2(a)(36) of the 40 Act. Security means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a security, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing. General types (although not all inclusive) include fixed income securities, such as bonds and notes; equity securities, such as stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs); derivatives, such as options and futures; unit investment trusts (UITs); and private investments.








Addendum A





CODE OF ETHICS FIRM ENTITIES


Together, the Firm







Together, the Advisers

Principal Global Investors, LLC (PGI)


Principal Global Investors (Australia) Limited (PGIA)


Principal Global Investors (Dubai)


Principal Global Investors (Europe) Limited (PGIE)


Principal Global Investors (Hong Kong) Limited (PGIHK)


Principal Global Investors (Japan) Limited (PGIJ)


Principal Global Investors (Singapore) Limited (PGIS)


Principal International Wealth Platform and PGI EU


Principal Real Estate Investors, LLC (PrinREI)


Principal Real Estate Europe Limited (PrinRE EU)


Principal Enterprise Capital, LLC (PEC)


RobustWealth, Inc. (RW)







Together, the Principal Funds

Principal Funds, Inc.


Principal Variable Contracts Funds, Inc.


Principal Exchange Traded Funds


Principal Diversified Select Real Asset Fund



(and any other continuously offered registered closed-end management investment company that may be organized in the future for which PGI or any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with PGI, or any successor in interest to any such entity, acts as investment adviser and which operates as an interval fund pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 40 Act or provides periodic liquidity with respect to its Shares

pursuant to Rule 13e-4 under the Exchange Act.

PFD

Principal Funds Distributor, Inc. (PFD)




Addendum B


CODE OF ETHICS

PRINCIPAL FUNDS ACCESS PERSON PROVISIONS


The following provisions shall be substituted into the Code, where applicable, for the Principal Funds.


Principal Funds Access Person

Any individual identified as an officer or director of the Principal Funds or PGI; an officer or director of PFD; or an officer or director of any company controlling PGI who makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of Principal Funds Securities in such individuals regular functions or duties or whose functions relate to the recommendations of such purchases or sales; any employee, temporary employee and contract employee of the Principal Funds or the Principal Funds Adviser who, in connection with such individuals regular functions or duties, has access to certain nonpublic information concerning the Principal Funds purchase or sale of Securities or portfolio holdings or who is involved in making Securities recommendations to a Fund.


Principal Funds Special Rules Applicable to Independent Directors/Trustees

Under Rule 17j-1 of the 40 Act, an Access Person who is an Independent Director/Trustee of the Principal Funds and who would be required to make a report solely by reason of being a Principal Funds Director/Trustee need not make an initial holdings or an annual holdings report. In addition, an Independent Director/Trustee need not provide a quarterly transaction report unless the Independent Director/Trustee knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling such individuals official duties as a Principal Funds Director/Trustee, should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or after

the Independent Directors/Trustees transaction in a Security, a Principal Fund purchased or sold the

Security, or the Principal Funds Adviser or sub-adviser considered purchasing or selling the Security.


With respect to the Interval Fund(s), the trustees, beneficial owners of more than 10%, and certain designated Executive Officers of the Interval Fund(s), have certain reporting obligations regarding ownership of Interval Fund(s) shares under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Such reporting will occur outside of the administration of this Code.


Principal Funds Administration

The Principal Funds rely upon PGI Compliance to administer the Code. It is the requirement of Principal Funds that PGI Compliance report material violations of the Code by Principal Funds Access Persons to the Principal Funds Chief Compliance Officer (or his or her designee).


No less than annually, Principal Funds Compliance will prepare a written report to the Principal Funds Board of Directors that, at a minimum, will include:

·

A certification that the Principal Funds have adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code; and

·

A description of issues that arose under the Code since the last report to the Board, including information about material violations and sanctions imposed in response to those violations.




Addendum C


CODE OF ETHICS

PrinREI ACCESS PERSON PROVISIONS



The following provision shall be added to the Personal Account Reporting section of the Code for PrinREI and shall apply to all PrinREI personnel who are not associated persons of a broker-dealer. For associated persons, real estate investment property must be reported under the outside business activities guidelines.


Real Estate Investment Property

Real Estate Investment Property is reportable and may only be acquired or sold with prior approval of

the PrinREI Access Persons supervisor and Compliance. Pre-approval request for real estate investment property can be submitted within the PTA system under the Available Forms section.


The following property types are exempt from reporting and pre-approval:


·

Single-family residential property;

·

Vacation residential property;

·

Multi-family residential complex property with less than 20 units (examples include apartments and condos); and

·

Farmland property zoned and operated as agricultural.





Addendum D





CODE OF ETHICS

PrinREI EU ACCESS PERSON PROVISIONS


The following provision shall be added to the Personal Account Reporting section of the Code for PrinRE EU.


PrinRE EU has adopted this Advisers Code in its entirety. Although this Code is U.S. centric, PrinRE EU staff must adhere to its provisions. References to U.S. federal and state law and regulations will apply in PrinRE EU where relevant but, where not relevant, PrinRE EU staff should apply European, local U.K./German/French law and regulations such as MiFID II and AIFMD.


Real Estate Investment Property

Real Estate Investment Property is reportable and may only be acquired or sold with prior approval of the PrinRE EU Access Persons supervisor and Compliance. Pre-approval request for real estate investment property can be submitted within the PTA system under the Available Forms section.


The following property types are exempt from reporting and pre-approval:


·

Single-family residential property;

·

Vacation residential property;

·

Multi-family residential complex property with less than 20 units (examples include apartments); and

·

Farmland property zoned and operated as agricultural.




Addendum E

CODE OF ETHICS

PGIS ACCESS PERSON PROVISIONS



The following provision shall be added to the Personal Security Transactions section of the Code for PGIS.


Exempted Securities listed below are exempt from the reporting, pre-clearance and holding period requirements:


·

Singapore Savings Bond




Addendum F

CODE OF ETHICS

ELECTRONIC FEED BROKERS




ELECTRONIC FEED BROKERS

as of January 2021

Ameriprise

Charles Schwab

Citi Personal Wealth Management

E*Trade Securities

Edward Jones

Fidelity Investments

InteractiveBrokers

Janney Montgomery

J.P. Morgan Securities

LPL Financial

Merrill Lynch

Morgan Stanley

Northwestern Mutual

Principal Securities

Raymond James

RBC Wealth Management

T.Rowe Price

TD Ameritrade

USAA Investments

Vanguard Group

Voya Financial

Wells Fargo Advisors



Version July 1, 2021

Last reviewed June 2021

Effective 2022





Converted by EDGARwiz














RIVER ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC

CODE OF ETHICS




UPDATED MARCH 2022














CONTENTS

Background

2

Standards of Conduct

2

Policy

2

Procedure

2

Personal Securities Transactions

6

Background

6

Definitions

6

Policy

6

Procedures

8

Insider Trading

10








RIVER ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC



BACKGROUND

Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers Act) requires investment advisers to establish, maintain, and enforce a written code of ethics that applies to all supervised persons.1 An adviser to registered investment companies is also required to adopt a Code of Ethics regarding personal investment activities under the Investment Company Act of 1940, Rule 17j-1. An investment advisers Code of Ethics represents an internal control and supervisory review to seek to detect and prevent possible insider trading, conflicts of interests, and regulatory violations.

Each employee, temp-to-hire employee, or intern of River Road Asset Management, LLC (River Road) is considered a supervised person (Employee).  Upon hire and on an annual basis thereafter, each Employee must certify in writing or through an online application that they have received and read, understand, and agree to comply with River Roads Code of Ethics.  Employees will receive and shall be required to make a similar certification following any amendment to the Code of Ethics.


STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

Policy

Employees must exercise good faith in their dealings with both River Road and its clients, consistent with the high degree of trust and confidence that is placed in each Employee by River Road.

The need for the stringent application of this principle is heightened by the necessity that River Road, in turn, exercises the highest degree of ethical conduct in its dealings with its clients. This can be accomplished only through each Employees individual commitment to River Roads values: Loyalty, Integrity, Accountability, and Teamwork.

If an Employee discovers that he or she will derive personal gain or benefit from any transaction between River Road and any individual or firm, the Employee must immediately refer the matter and disclose all pertinent facts to River Roads Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).

River Roads standards of conduct are necessarily strict because they are intended for the benefit and protection of River Road and its Employees.  No attempt to delineate guidelines for proper conduct can hope to cover every potential situation that may arise during an Employees service with River Road.  Whenever there is any doubt about the propriety of any action, Employees must discuss the matter with River Roads CCO.   Violations of the Code of Ethics are grounds for disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal. The standards of conduct set forth herein must be applied fully and fairly without reliance upon technical distinctions to justify questionable conduct.

Procedure

Conflicts of Interest: Employees may not engage in personal activities that conflict with the best interests of River Road or with the best interests of River Roads clients.  Upon initial hire and annually thereafter, every Employee is required to complete a conflicts of interest questionnaire designed to identify any actual or potential conflicts of interests the Employee may have.  If there is any doubt on how to answer the questionnaire, the Employee shall discuss such matters with the CCO or their designee. For the avoidance of doubt, Employees are required to disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest the Employee may have even if not specifically addressed by a question on the conflict of interest questionnaire.

Disclosure or Use of Confidential Information: In the normal course of business, Employees may be given or may acquire information about the business of River Road, its clients, or its affiliates which is not available to the general public. This information is confidential and may include, but is not limited to, financial data, business plans and strategies, regulatory information, and information concerning specific trading decisions.  In addition to an Employees obligations under any other River Road policies or contract with River Road, all Employees are responsible for respecting and maintaining the confidential nature of such information, including taking reasonable care in how and where they discuss, document, store, and dispose of confidential information.  Confidential information may only be disclosed within River Road to those who need to know the information to perform their job functions.  Nothing in any agreements you may have with River Road or in any River Road policies or handbooks is intended to or shall preclude or impede you from cooperating with any governmental or regulatory entity or agency in any investigation, or from communicating any suspected wrongdoing or violation of law to any such entity or agency, including, but not limited to, reporting pursuant to the whistleblower rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (Securities Exchange Act Rules 21F-1, et seq.).  For the avoidance of doubt, you are not required to give the Company prior notice of, or obtain the Companys prior written consent in connection with regulatory communications contemplated under the SECs or other regulatory entity or agencys whistleblower rules.

Material, Non-public Information:  Some confidential information is also material, non-public information and subject to the restrictions of federal and state banking and securities laws and regulations as to its communication and use. Material information should be treated as non-public until it is clear the information can be deemed public or ceases to be material, which should be determined in accordance with River Roads Insider Trading Policies and Procedures.

Outside Business or Other Activities: Employees must receive pre-approval from the CCO or their designee for the following outside business or other activities:

-

Performing outside employment or accepting payment for services rendered to others.  This includes engagements for teaching, speaking, and the writing of books and articles.  Unless it otherwise presents an actual or potential conflict of interest, interns are not required to report outside employment or payment for services rendered.


-

Apart from your duties as an Employee of River Road, providing investment advice, guidance or discretion. Examples include, but are not limited to:

o

Acting as an executor or trustee for a family or non-family member

o

Providing investment advice as a member of a non-profit or other organizations finance committee


-

Any other activities or ventures (including, but not limited to, business, personal, charitable, or otherwise) that conflict with or could potentially conflict with or interfere with your duties at River Road.

Where necessary, the CCO will consult with and/or defer to the CEO for determining whether an activity is approved.

Political Activity: In order to comply with the provisions of Rule 206(4)-5 of the Adviser Act, all Employees must comply with the following policies and procedures:

Prohibited Activity:

River Road Employees are prohibited from making political contributions (defined below) to an incumbent, candidate, or successful candidate for elective office (Official) of any state or local governments, their agencies and instrumentalities, and all public pension plans and other collective government funds (Government Entity).  

-

A contribution includes a gift, subscription, loan, advance, deposit of money, or anything of value made for the purpose of influencing an election.  It also includes transition or inaugural expenses incurred by a successful candidate for state or local office.  

-

A contribution does not include a donation of time by an Employee, so long as River Road has not solicited the Employees efforts and River Roads resources are not used, e.g. office space, telephones, etc.  An Employees donation of his or her time generally would not be viewed as a contribution if such volunteering were to occur during non-work hours or vacation time.

-

Employees are also prohibited from hosting fundraising meetings for an Official of a Government Entity or allowing the use of Employees name on any fundraising literature, including being listed on an invitation or other marketing and collateral pieces.

A political contribution to a federal government official or candidate for federal office is allowed with pre-approval from CCO or their designee in writing, including via email, before any such contributions are made. If the federal candidate is a state or local government official at the time of running for federal office, the donation is prohibited.  However, River Roads Executive Committee reserves the right to prohibit any federal contributions if the Executive Committee finds that it conflicts with the best interests of River Road.

Employees are prohibited from doing any of the above prohibited activity directly or indirectly.  For example, an Employee cannot channel political contributions through family, friends, an attorney, or a political action committee.




 

Household Members:

Household members of an Employee are not prohibited from making political contributions, but the Employee must provide notice to the CCO or their designee in writing, including via email, before any such contributions are made by a household member.  

A Political Contribution Form is available in Schwab Compliance Technologies.

Borrowing from Clients: You may not borrow money from a client of River Road unless such borrowing is from a bank or other financial institution made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with members of the general public. 

Business Transactions for River Road: You may not represent or exercise authority on behalf of River Road in any transaction with any person, firm, company, or organization with which you have any material connection (including, but not limited to, a directorship, officership, family relationship or significant borrowing relationship) or in which you have a material financial interest. You must report any existing or proposed business relationships with any such person, firm, company, or organization to River Roads CCO or their designee, who will determine with the appropriate levels of management whether such business relationship is material for purposes of this prohibition.

Business Transactions with River Road: If you are authorized by an outside organization to transact business with River Road on the outside organizations behalf, you must report such authorization to River Roads CCO or their designee.

Gifts and Entertainment: 

Gifts Received by Employees

Employees cannot receive any gift that is more than $50 annually (calendar year basis) per giver (either person or entity) if:

-

the giver is paid with client commissions or soft dollars (Client Assets) or

-

the giver is a party dealing with one of River Roads ERISA client plans in connection with a transaction involving that plans assets.

Where a gift is shared among a group, the estimated amount of the gift can be pro-rated among the recipients.  

Employees are prohibited from receiving gifts from companies that River Road invests in or may invest in on behalf of its clients (excluding de minimis gifts, such as a reasonable onsite lunch or snack during an onsite visit).

Gifts Given by Employees

No Employee shall, directly or indirectly, give (or permit anyone else to give) anything of service or value, including gratuities, in excess of $100 annually (calendar year basis) to:

-

any person who is licensed with FINRA, or

-

a plan fiduciary of one of River Roads ERISA clients where the gift relates to the business of recipients employer.  

No Employees shall, directly or indirectly, give (or permit any else to give) any gifts to executives of public companies or their public company board members.  This excludes any public companies that are also affiliates or clients of River Road and such gifts are given because of the affiliate or client relationship.

Examples of Gifts

An example of a gift includes but is not limited to the following: gift certificates, event tickets, gift baskets, golf shirts, sleeves of golf balls, etc.  Employees are strictly prohibited from giving or receiving cash or cash equivalents (e.g. gift card) as gifts. No part of this gifting policy is meant to prohibit personal gifts where the relationship is of a personal nature outside of and not arising from employment at River Road.

Entertainment

If an Employee attends an event or dinner with any person or entity, this is not considered a gift but is considered entertainment.  

Employees are not allowed to be entertained by:  

-

any person or entity that is paid with Client Assets, or

-

any person or entity that is a party dealing with one of River Roads ERISA client plans in connection with a transaction involving the plans assets. 

-    Any companies that River Road invests in or may invest in on behalf of its clients

Employees can attend the event or dinner at River Roads or the Employee's expense.  This provision does not apply if it is logistically unreasonable for the Employee or River Road to pay for the Employee at such event or dinner.  For example, if an Employee attends a conference and is incidentally entertained in the normal course of the conference, this provision does not apply.  

Reporting and Logging

Employees are required to report all gifts given or received covered by this policy so they can be tracked by the Compliance Department to ensure compliance with this policy. The Compliance Department monitors and logs all gifts in Schwab Compliance Technologies and determines whether the gift can be kept or must be returned.  

If there is any question about Gifts and Entertainment, the Employee shall discuss such matters with the CCO or their designee.

Improper Payments (Bribes or Kickbacks): Employees shall not take any action that might result in a violation by River Road of the laws of the United States, the Commonwealth of Kentucky, or any other jurisdiction in which River Road does business. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) provides that in no event may payment of anything of value be offered, promised or made to any government, government entity, government official, candidate for political office, political party or official of a political party (including any possible intermediary for any of the above), foreign or domestic, which is, or could be construed as being, for the purposes of receiving favorable treatment or influencing any act or decision by any such person, organization or government for the benefit of River Road or any other person.

Economic Sanctions:  The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury promulgates regulations dealing with economic sanctions. No Employee on behalf of River Road may intentionally transact business with those countries or specially designated nationals against which economic sanctions have been imposed unless the appropriate license has been obtained from the OFAC allowing such transaction.

Prohibition on the Use of Information from Your Previous Employer: Employees are prohibited from bringing any documents, software or other items to River Road that may contain the Employees previous employers confidential, trade secret, or proprietary information. This would include such things as computer files, client lists, financial reports, or other materials that belong to your previous employer. If an Employee has any such materials in his or her possession, they should be returned to the former employer immediately unless the Employee (and River Road, as necessary) has received permission from the previous employer to use such materials and the Employee has discussed the issue with River Roads CCO.

Your Duty to Report Abuses of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Conduct Policy or Other Illegal or Unethical Conduct: Employees have a special obligation to advise River Road of any suspected abuses of River Road policy, suspected criminal or unethical conduct, or any violation of securities law, anti-trust, health and safety, environmental, government contract compliance, any other laws, or River Road policies.  Employees are required to report any of the preceding promptly to the CCO or the Chief Executive Officer.  A Confidential Reporting Form (Whistle) is available in Schwab Compliance Technologies for employees to anonymously report any potential violations to the CCO or the Chief Executive Officer.  If reported to the Chief Executive Officer, the CCO will also receive notice of such report. For the avoidance of doubt, the Employee is not required to give the Company prior notice of, or obtain the Companys prior consent in connection with regulatory communications contemplated under the SECs or other regulatory entity or agencys whistleblower rules.  The Employee will not be subjected to any form of retaliation for reporting legitimate suspected abuses.  

Investigations of Reported or Suspected Misconduct:  In the event of an investigation regarding possible wrongdoing, Employees must cooperate fully. Information relating to any investigation, including information provided by the Employee or the fact of the Employees participation in any investigation, is considered confidential and will only be revealed to individuals not associated with the investigation on a need to know basis. Any request for information or subpoenas involving River Road must be in writing and directed to the CCO who will coordinate with legal counsel.

Federal Securities Laws: Employees must comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws.


 



Personal Securities Transactions

Background

Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act requires the reporting of personal securities transactions and holdings periodically as provided below and the maintenance of records of personal securities transactions for those supervised persons who are considered access persons.  

Definitions

Access Persons: River Road considers the following persons to be Access Persons:

-

All officers and employees of River Road, and

-

All interns and temp-to-hire employees with access to non-public information regarding any clients purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Affiliated Fund (defined below).

Covered Securities: Covered Securities include everything not defined below, including all common stocks, corporate bonds, and royalty trusts.

Open Securities: The following are Open Securities:  

1)

direct obligations of the Government of the United States, 

2)

bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements,

3)

shares issued by money market funds,

4)

shares issued by non-affiliated, open-end funds,

5)

shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more non-affiliated, open-end funds, and

6)

municipal bonds (Note: This is still a reportable security for purposes of holdings report/account list report/transaction report, as more fully explained below)

7)

exchange traded funds (ETF) (Note: This is still a reportable security for purposes of holdings report/account list report/transaction report, as more fully explained below)

Preclearance Securities: Preclearance Securities are closed-end funds.  

Affiliated Fund: An Affiliated Fund is any mutual fund for which River Road serves as an investment adviser or sub-adviser or any mutual fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls River Road, is controlled by River Road, or is under common control with River Road. A full list of Affiliated Funds is available from the Compliance Department upon request.

Policy

River Roads policy allows Access Persons to maintain personal securities accounts provided any personal investing by an Access Person in any accounts in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership is consistent with River Roads fiduciary duties to its clients, regulatory requirements, and this Code of Ethics.  An Access Person is presumed to have a beneficial ownership in any personal securities accounts that are held by household members including, but not limited to, the Access Persons spouse and/or children. However, the CCO has discretion to exempt an Employee from reporting certain household members accounts if such exemption is consistent with the Advisers Act.  River Road specifically excludes from the requirements of this Code of Ethics any accounts for employees, their household members, or for River Road that are managed via an investment management agreement between the account holder and River Road (Proprietary Accounts).  Proprietary Accounts are subject to separate River Road policies and procedures that are designed to address the potential conflicts of interest created by Proprietary Accounts.

Access Persons and their minor childrens (17 years old and under) personal securities transactions are subject to the following rules:

(1)

Covered Securities:

a.    Access Persons may not purchase, short, or execute any derivative transactions on any Covered Securities.  

b.

Sell transactions (or its equivalent) are allowed on Covered Securities that were owned prior to employment with preclearance of such transactions from the CCO or their designee.  

c.

Sell transactions of fractional shares due to stock splits or similar corporate actions do not require preclearance.

d.

Donation, gift, or other transfers of ownership of Covered Securities by an Access Person is allowed with preclearance of such donation from the CCO or their designee.  

(2)

Preclearance Securities:

a.

Access Persons may purchase, sell, short, cover, or execute derivative transactions on Preclearance Securities with preclearance of such transactions from the CCO or their designee. It should be understood that a preclearance may be denied or delayed.

b.

Access Persons that participate in defined contribution or automatic investment plans must obtain preclearance for their asset allocations in Preclearance Securities and also for any changes made thereafter from the CCO or their designee.   

c.

Donation, gift, or other transfers of ownership of Preclearance Securities by an Access Person is allowed with preclearance of such donation from the CCO or their designee.  

(3)

Open Securities and Affiliated Funds: Access Persons may purchase, sell, short, cover, donate or execute derivative transactions on Open Securities or Affiliated Funds without preclearance.  Except see Minimum Holding Period section below related to Affiliated Funds.

Access Persons may apply for an exception from a trading restriction from the CCO, which application may be granted or denied based on the surrounding facts and circumstances. 

The CCO must obtain preapproval from the Chief Risk Officer or their designee when effecting a transaction that requires preclearance. 

Household members personal securities transactions are subject to the following rules:

(1)

Covered Securities:

a.

Household members may purchase, sell, short, cover, or execute derivative transactions on Covered Securities with preclearance of such transactions from the CCO or their designee.   Sell transactions of fractional shares due to stock splits or similar corporate actions do not require preclearance.

b.

Donation, gift, or other transfers of ownership of Covered Securities by a household member is allowed with preclearance of such donation from the CCO or their designee.  

c.

All transactions in Covered Securities by a household member must be made in an account that is in the name of the household member and is not in the name of the Access Person or is not a joint account with the Access Person.  Accounts in the name of an Access Person or joint accounts including the Access Person are subject to the Access Person rules above.

(2)

Preclearance Securities:

a.

Household members may purchase, sell, short, cover, or perform derivative transactions on Preclearance Securities with preclearance of such transactions from the CCO or their designee. It should be understood that a preclearance may be denied or delayed.

b.

Household members that participate in defined contribution or automatic investment plans that offer Preclearance Securities for investment must obtain preclearance of their asset allocations for Preclearance Securities and any changes made to the allocations thereafter from the CCO or their designee.   

c.

Donation, gift, or other transfers of ownership of Preclearance Securities by a household member is allowed with preclearance of such donation from the CCO or their designee.  

(3)  Open Securities and Affiliated Funds: Household members may purchase, sell, short, cover, donate or perform derivative transactions on Open Securities or Affiliated Funds without any preclearance.  Except see Minimum Holding Period section below related to Affiliated Funds.


Minimum Holding Period: Access Persons shall not purchase and sell or sell and purchase the same Affiliated Fund within 30 calendar days.  Exceptions may be pre-approved on a case-by-case basis by the CCO.   In addition to the exclusions listed above, this rule will not be triggered by purchases made pursuant to an automatic investment plan (e.g., purchases made at pre-defined intervals and amounts). 

Miscellaneous: If an Access Persons comes across a situation that is not specifically addressed by this policy, the Access Person must bring the situation to the CCO or their designee for review.  The Executive Committee has the right to limit an Access Persons personal trading if the Executive Committee deems it to be excessive in volume or complexity as to require a level of personal time and attention that interferes with the performance of employment duties.  This will be determined by the Executive Committee based upon surrounding facts and circumstances.

Procedures

River Road has adopted the following procedures to implement and monitor the firms policy: 

Holdings Report

Requirements: In accordance with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Access Persons shall identify on a form provided by the CCO or their designee (which may be through an online application) all Covered Securities, Preclearance Securities, Affiliated Funds, ETFs, and municipal bonds in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, including any of the preceding held in certificate form (excludes securities held in accounts over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control).  Each Holdings Report must contain the following information:

(1)

The title and type of security

(2)

The exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number (as applicable)

(3)

The number of shares

(4)

The principal amount of each security

(5)

The name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains an account in which securities are held

(6)

The date the Access Person submits the report

An Access Person can satisfy the initial or annual holdings report requirement by timely filing and dating a copy of each investment account statement that lists all of the Access Persons Covered Securities, Preclearance Securities, Affiliated Funds, ETFs, and municipal bonds but only if the statement provides all information required in (1) through (6) above.  This can also be satisfied by allowing the Compliance Department to have electronic view-only access to the Employees account/statements directly via the custodian or broker website.  If an Access Person has previously provided statements with all of the required information and the CCO or their designee has maintained a copy of the statements, the Access Person can satisfy the initial or annual holdings report requirement by timely confirming the accuracy of the statements (in writing or through an online application).  If the statements do not contain all of the required information or if the securities are not held in an account, the Access Person must list out the required information for those securities on the Holdings Report.  

Timing: Each Access Person must submit a Holdings Report to the CCO or their designee within 10 days of becoming an Access Person and annually thereafter.  The CCO or their designee is responsible for contacting new Access Persons and sending out initial and annual Holdings Report forms to all Access Persons.  The information on the Holdings Report or its equivalent must be current as of a date:

-

Not more than 45 days prior to the date the person became an Access Person, in the case of an initial Holdings Report, or

-

Not more than 45 days prior to the date the report was submitted, in the case of an annual Holdings Report.  

Investment Account List




 

Requirements: Each Access Person shall identify on a form provided by the CCO or their designee (which may be through an online application) a list of all investment accounts over which the Access Person has direct or indirect beneficial ownership, except that the Access Person is not required to list any of the following:

-

Accounts where Covered Securities, Preclearance Securities, Affiliated Funds, ETFs, and municipal bonds are not available for purchase or sell.

-

Accounts where Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control.

Timing: Each Access Person must submit an Account List to the CCO or their designee within 10 days of becoming an Access Person and annually thereafter.  Additionally, after becoming an Access Person, each Access Person must promptly disclose to the CCO or their designee any new investment accounts required to be reported pursuant to this Code of Ethics.

Brokerage: No Access Person shall open or maintain personal accounts with the institutional broker representatives through which River Road executes non-directed transactions on behalf of advisory clients. 

Quarterly Investment Account Statements: It is the responsibility of the Access Person to provide copies of their investment account statements and transaction confirmations or direct their broker to send copies of their investment account statements and transaction confirmations directly to River Road or to where the Compliance Department designates (which may be satisfied via electronic feed or online access, as available).  

The investment account statements and confirms shall contain all transactions of Access Person, including transactions in Covered Securities, Preclearance Securities, Affiliated Funds, ETFs, and municipal bonds.  As necessary, investment account statements and confirms shall be received no later than 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter.  Confirms do not need to be received for transactions that are effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan.     

Preclearance of Personal Securities Transactions 

Requirements: All Access Persons must obtain approval for their transactions or for their household members transactions in a Preclearance or Covered Security from the CCO or their designee by filling out a preclearance transaction form (which may be through an online application).  

Timing: Preclearance of a trade shall be valid and in effect only until the end of the next business day following the day preclearance is given.  If a trade is not made in that timeframe, then a new preclearance must be obtained.  A preclearance also expires if and when the person becomes, or should have become, aware of facts or circumstances that would prevent a proposed trade from being precleared. 

Transaction Reports

Requirements: Each person shall identify on a form provided by the CCO or their designee (which may be through an online application) a quarterly securities transaction report that lists all transactions in Covered Securities, Preclearance Securities, Affiliated Funds, ETFs, and municipal bonds.  Each Transaction Report must contain the following information:

(1)

The date of the transaction

(2)

The title of the security

(3)

The exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number (as applicable)

(4)

The interest rate and maturity date (as applicable)

(5)

The number of shares

(6)

The principal amount of each security involved

(7)

The nature of the transactions (i.e. purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition)

(8)

The price of the security at which the transaction was effected

(9)

The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected

(10)

The date the Access Person submits the report

Timing: Each Access Person must submit the Transaction Report no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter.   The report must cover all transactions during the quarter.


 



The following are excluded from Preclearance Rules, Minimum Holding Period Rule, and Transaction Reports:  

-

Purchases or sales effected in any account over which the Access Person has no direct influence or control, including non-volitional investment programs or rights;

-

Purchases effected by reinvesting cash dividends pursuant to an automatic dividend reimbursement program (DRIP).  This exemption does not apply, however, to optional cash purchase pursuant to a DRIP;

-

Purchases of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities (if such rights were acquired from such issuer) and the exercise of such rights; and,

-

Transactions involving the exercise of employee stock options.  

Personal Investments: You must exercise sound judgment in making personal investments in order to avoid situations contrary to the best interests of River Road. You must also avoid imprudent and questionable activity.  

Prohibited Dealings: Trading based upon or communicating inside information is prohibited under any and all circumstances.  It is prohibited to use the facilities of River Road to secure new issues for any non-clients, directly or indirectly.  Access Persons are not permitted to, directly or indirectly, purchase securities from or sell securities to client accounts. 

Initial Public Offerings and Limited Offerings: Access Persons may not directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any security in an initial public offering.  Access Persons may not directly or indirectly acquire an interest in a limited offering without approval from the CCO. The approval is based, in part, on whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for clients.  

Initial public offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77a), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)).

Limited offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) (15 U.S.C. 77d(2) or 77d(6)) or pursuant to §§ 230.504, 230.505, or 230.506 of this chapter.

Investment Person Disclosure: Access Persons who have been authorized to acquire securities in a private placement or who have beneficial interests prior to employment with River Road are required to disclose the investment when they play a part in any subsequent consideration of client investments in the issuer.  In such circumstances, River Road's decision to purchase securities is subject to an independent review by investment personnel with no personal interest in the issuer.  Investment Persons, when recommending any security, shall disclose any direct, indirect, or potential conflict of interest related to the issuer of the security being recommended. 

Adviser Review: The Compliance Department will review (which includes via automated processes) all Access Persons transactions and reporting outlined in this document for compliance with the firms policies, including the Insider Trading Policy, regulatory requirements, and the firms fiduciary duties to its clients, among other things.  The CCO tracks any apparent violations or requested exemptions and reports such activity to the Executive Committee at least quarterly.  The Executive Committee will determine any corrective action and/or sanctions that should be imposed.  

Records: The Company shall maintain records in accordance with the Books and Records Policies and Procedures found in River Roads Policies and Procedures Manual.  

Insider Trading

The Employee certifies that he/she has read, and will abide by the Insider Trading Policies and Procedures found in River Roads Policies and Procedures Manual.  



Footnotes

1 Supervised Person is defined as any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), or employee of an investment adviser, or other person who provides investment advice on behalf of the investment adviser and is subject to the supervision and control of the investment adviser.



MARCH 31, 2022

 

CODE OF ETHICS   


Converted by EDGARwiz









Schroders











Group Personal Account Dealing Policy

Global Head of Compliance

June 2021





Contents

1.

Executive Summary

3

2.

Why is it necessary?

3

3.

Scope

3

4.

Policy requirements

4

5.

Dealing Restrictions

6

6.

Staff Risk Levels

9

7.

Non-Compliance and Schroders Breach Framework

11

8.

Exemptions and Derogations

12

9.

Local PA Dealing Rules

12

10.

Ownership and document approval

13

11.

Review and Approval Schedule

13

12.

Appendix Rules in relation to Schroders plc shares

14


 

 

1.  Executive Summary

The Group Personal Account Dealing policy (the policy) sets out Schroders principles governing personal account (PA) dealing in financial instruments, including Schroders plc shares. These requirements are modified in some countries as explained in section 9.

Specific rules in relation to Schroders plc shares are included in the Appendix, which apply to all staff globally including contractors (regardless of the length of contract) and non-executive Directors of Schroders Group companies.

US Access Persons associated with our US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulated entities

(currently Schroder Investment Management North America Limited (SIMNA), Schroder Wealth Management US Ltd (SWUSL) and our SEC regulated US based entities) are subject to the US Code of Ethics policy and additional reporting requirements will apply as set out in section 6.4 below.


All Staff must:

-Review and understand the provisions of the policy

-Obtain any pre-clearance required under the policy from Compliance through the My Compliance system, before undertaking any transactions

-Provide to Compliance all relevant requested information on a timely basis

-Report immediately to Compliance any breach or suspected breach of the policy or applicable PA Dealing rules as soon as the staff member becomes aware of such circumstance

-Be aware of additional requirements which apply to Higher Risk Staff (see section 6)


2.

Why is it necessary?

The policy reinforces the Groups high standards of integrity, and provides a framework for staff to comply with regulations on the prevention of market abuse and to appropriately avoid or manage conflicts of interest, in relation to personal investment activities.


3.

Scope

Full policy requirements

The policy is applicable to the Groups employees, contractors (contracts in Schroders for more than three months) and in-house staff of outsourced service providers in Schroders for more than three months (herein known as staff) and Persons Closely Associated (PCAs) with staff (as defined below in section 3.1).

The PA Dealing Rules also apply to private investments including but not exclusive to investments in unquoted shares and private funds. Where you have any other interest in, or association with a listed or non-listed company (such as being appointed a board member or a trustee of a pension fund or charity) please refer to the Group External Appointments policy.


Schroder plc shares requirements

The PA Dealing Rules in relation to Schroders shares apply to all staff globally, including contractors of any contract length and to non-executive Directors of Schroders Group companies as described in the Appendix.


3.1

Persons Closely Associated (PCAs)

PCAs are persons over whom the staff member advises, exerts influence over, or for whose account the staff member effects or instructs trades, examples of these include:   

-Spouses, partners, minors and other dependent children/stepchildren who share the same household.

-Other relatives who have shared the same household for the previous year (or more).

       -A corporate body, trust or partnership in whose trades the staff member or their PCA has a material direct or indirect interest or has direct or indirect control. This may include other family members, for example, or trusts of which a member of staff or their PCA is a beneficiary and/or a trustee or an adviser.

-The policy does not apply to trades entered into by PCAs as part of the remuneration schemes of their own employment.

Please see section 8.3 for further detail on PCA derogations.



3.2

Accounts in scope of the requirements of this policy

-All self-directed accounts (whether advisory or execution only) held by staff or their PCAs1

-Self-Invested Personal Pensions (SIPPS) (UK only) or other Self- directed Pensions Plans held by staff or their PCAs2

-Stocks and shares individual savings accounts (ISAs) held by staff or their PCAs3

-Trusts in respect of which a member of staff is a beneficiary, and/or a trustee or an adviser



3.3

Accounts not in scope of the requirements of this policy


The following arrangements can be conducted without needing to comply with the requirements of this policy:

-Discretionary managed accounts (accounts where full discretion has been given to a third party to manage) other than in relation to Schroder plc shares. US Access Persons should refer to section 8.4 for additional requirements.

-Schroders corporate pensions, defined contribution and defined benefit pension schemes and any other pension schemes (excluding the account types listed in section 3.2)

-Employee Compensation Plan Fund (ECP) awards or other forms of deferred compensation except for awards or options over Schroder shares. Please note that the hedging of any form of compensation award is prohibited (see section 5.7)


4.

Policy requirements

4.1

Governing Principles

As the Groups business involves research and investment on behalf of clients, conflicts of interest and exposure to confidential or price sensitive information (inside information), can often arise or be perceived to arise. These can present significant regulatory and reputational risks both for individual staff and for the Group when staff make personal account transactions in instruments, where the Group or entities within the Group has been disclosed confidential information, is currently dealing in the same securities or which it is holding for its clients. Circumstances can be ambiguous and regulators sanctions for PA transactions that are found not to comply with statutory or regulatory requirements or the Groups policy can be severe and very damaging.


Staff must comply with the PA Dealing Rules applicable to them as summarised below. In addition, staff must not enter into personal transactions that could amount to market abuse, criminal activity, a material conflict of interest that is not mitigated or a breach of fiduciary duty. This includes transactions which (not limited to):

-Are based on inside information

-Involve the misuse or improper disclosure of confidential information

-Conflict with, or are likely to conflict with, an obligation of Schroders to a client, including the fundamental duty to act in the best interests of clients


For further information on market abuse risks and the definition of inside information, please refer to the Group Market Abuse Policy.

4.1.1

PA dealing activities must not detract (or be seen to detract) from an individuals responsibilities to

Schroders clients. Accordingly, all Staff must ensure when undertaking personal transactions for themselves or their PCAs, or when advising or influencing any PCAs of theirs that they do not:

-Deal on confidential information, or advise, encourage or influence anyone else to do so

-Utilise knowledge of client trading for their own or anothers benefit

-Undertake transactions that would conflict with any of Schroders obligations to its clients

-Participate in excessively active trading, which may interfere or be seen to interfere with the member of staffs ability to conduct their employment responsibilities and may also substantially increase the risks (both regulatory and reputational) to the employee, or the Group;

-Make trades that expose them to material open-ended liabilities. For example, leveraged account management, without putting an appropriate stop-loss mechanism in place


4.1.2

Staff are reminded that inside, confidential or price-sensitive information obtained through their employment with Schroders or otherwise, is to be kept confidential at all times and only disclosed during the proper course of the exercise of their employment duties.

4.1.3

These principles also apply to staff joining or leaving Schroders with regard to any knowledge of confidential information, they may have acquired prior to joining Schroders or during their time with Schroders.


4.2

Prohibition and Exemptions


4.2.1

The following investment types are prohibited (you must not conduct any trading in the following) under the policy:

-Writing Uncovered Options (incl. options on currency and on interest rates)

-Swaps (Equity, Credit, Interest Rate, Currency, Index)

-Forward Interest Rate Agreements

-Spread betting linked to financial instruments including for example spread bets on Schroder plc shares

-Contracts for Difference (CFDs) linked to financial instruments, including for example CFDs that reference options or commodities

-Short selling in all non-exempt investment types (please refer to section 4.2.3 for exempt investment types), unless the request is approved by the employees line manager as an exception5

-Hedging of remuneration awards (please refer to section 5.7)


4.2.2

Staff who have existing positions as at whichever date is later between the implementation date of this policy or the date on which they joined Schroders (hire date), in any of the above instruments are allowed to maintain (but not add to) their current positions or exit them.



4.2.3

The following investment types are exempt from: 1) Pre-Clearance and 2) Post Trade Reporting but remain subject to a 60-day holding period (see section 5.4):


-Any broad-based exchange traded fund (ETF) on major market indices and fiat currency ETFs.6 All other ETFs require pre-clearance and post trade reporting in My Compliance US Access Persons should refer to section 6 for additional requirements

- Any broad-based index linked futures or option, and fiat currency futures and options.7 All other types of index linked derivatives require pre-clearance and post trade reporting in My Compliance. US Access Persons should refer to section 6 for additional requirements

-Crowdfunding (staff must alert Compliance of potential conflicts). US Access Persons should refer to section 6 of this policy for additional requirements

-All third-party retail Open Ended Funds, including UCITS and SICAVS. US Access Persons should refer to section 6 of this policy for additional requirements

-Seed Enterprise Investment Schemes and Enterprise Investment Schemes (UK only). US Access Persons should refer to section 6 of this policy for additional requirements

-Non-discretionary dividend reinvestment transactions and corporate action elections for which formal public documents are issued8

-Japanese Government Bonds for Individuals9 US Access Persons should refer to section 6 of this policy for additional requirements


4.2.4

The following investment types are exempt from: 1) Pre-Clearance, 2) Post Trade Reporting, and 3) the 60 day holding period:

-Money market instruments (such as short-term bonds/bills, commercial paper)

-Spot and Forward FX10 see footnote 10 regarding crypto assets

-Spread bets linked to FX


Please refer to the Permissible Investments Table here.



4.3

Pre-clearance and Post Trade Reporting

4.3.1

Pre-clearance and post trade reporting are required for all instruments except those that are exempt in section 4.2.3 and the following, which only require post trade reporting:

-Government and Supra-national bonds

-Schroder managed open ended funds


4.3.2

Reasons why clearance to trade may not be given include the below examples (but are non-exhaustive):

-The instrument is on the Stop List

-There is recent, current or planned client trading in the instrument

-The Group holds more than 10 percent of the capital of the stock for clients and/or itself

-Non-compliance with 60 day holding period

-For Schroders plc shares, the Group is in a closed or restricted period Please see section 5 below for more details.


4.3.3

 After pre-clearance has been received from My Compliance, it will be valid until market close on the following business day (market refers to the exchange(s) that the security is traded on) unless otherwise stated, and PA dealing may only take place in that timeframe (except, for example, in the case of applications for Initial Public Offerings or investments in private funds and companies, where clearance will apply until allocation).


You are required to complete all post trade reporting in My Compliance within five business days (two days for trades in Schroders plc) of the trade11 and at the same time provide Compliance with paper or electronic proof of executing the transaction (e.g. a contract note). Trades executed through the Computershare portal (for Schroders plc shares) will be automatically reported into My Compliance.


4.4

Automated Broker Feeds

If you have an account with a broker which provides an automated feed (please contact your local Compliance team for available broker feeds) you are strongly advised to contact Compliance regarding setting up an automated feed, which will complete the reporting of trades in those accounts on your behalf. Please note, where an automated feed is set up, you are still required to seek pre-clearance.


4.5

Reporting of PA Dealing to Management

All staff (and their PCAs) who decide to engage in PA dealing activity that is in scope of this Policy, should be aware of the ongoing reporting of PA transactions to senior management when they submit their pre-clearance requests or report trades.

This reporting may be exceptional or routine, and refer to pre-clearance requests, PA dealing approvals or trades executed.

Please note that, as part of implementation of the Policy, access to a limited number of websites may be logged and monitored for the purposes of identifying potential breaches of this Policy.


5.

Dealing Restrictions

The following (5.1-5.8) are examples of why pre-clearance may be denied, please note this is not an exhaustive list.

5.1

Stop List

If securities are on the Stop List, staff will be refused permission to deal. This is normally because one or more staff members of the Group are in possession of potentially price-sensitive or confidential information.


5.2

Dealing in Schroders plc shares

Transactions in Schroders shares are prohibited during closed periods as well as in restricted periods when a staff member is an insider in relation to Schroders shares. The specific restrictions and the definition of these periods are set out in the Appendix.

Schroders plc shares purchased in the market (rather than forming part of a remuneration award) are subject to a one-year holding period.


5.3

Where the Group holds more than 10 percent.

Where Schroders holds more than 10 percent of the issued share capital of a company, on behalf of clients or itself, staff will be refused permission to purchase equity investments. This is because regulatory and reputational risks are deemed higher, as the Group is more likely to be in possession of confidential information.

Exceptions to this rule are:

-Open ended Schroder managed funds

-Closed ended Schroder managed investment trusts

-If pre-emption rights are compromised, e.g. in the case of public rights issues, in which case Compliance should be consulted

Disposal of such an investment is permitted. However, staff (in particular Investment staff, with knowledge of, or dealings with, the company or its senior management) should take great care in timing these disposals in accordance with the governing principles in section 4.1 of this Policy.


5.4

Minimum Holding Period

Staff and their PCAs should not engage in PA dealing activity for short-term speculative purposes. All securities, unless they are exempt under section 4.2.3, must be held for a minimum of 60 calendar days. Therefore, staff and their PCAs are not permitted to sell within 60 days of a purchase of the same instrument, irrespective of the staffs existing holdings [i.e. if staff or their PCAs have existing holdings, the latest transaction date will prevail]. This rule applies in aggregate across all accounts held by the member of staff or their PCA, and which is in scope of this Policy in section 3.2.

The use of Stop Losses and Limit Orders within the 60-day period is permitted if the details are disclosed at the time of the pre-clearance request in My Compliance.

Other derogations may be exceptionally agreed on a case-by-case basis with Compliance (e.g. in cases of personal financial hardship).

Schroders plc shares purchased in the market (rather than forming part of a remuneration award) are subject to a one-year holding period.


5.5

Pending Client Orders

Compliance will check for any pending client orders. Factors that are taken into consideration within My Compliance in responding to a pre-clearance request include:

-The size of the trade request (and the cumulative value of other trades in the investment in the prior 60 days)

-Whether the trade request relates to a Small Cap stock (typically market capitalisation of £2 billion or less)

-Whether the staff member is Higher Risk (as per section 6)

Executed transactions are also subject to post-trade monitoring against client trading activity and explanations may be requested from staff.


5.6

Proximity to Client Trades

Compliance has mechanisms in place to monitor potential conflicts of interest with client trades, as the risk is higher when PA dealing is undertaken in close proximity to dealing on behalf of clients.

Buying or selling financial instruments up to five business days before client trades is prohibited where the staff member has knowledge of the Groups intention to trade on behalf of a client and such trading may have an impact on the price of the instruments, even where approval through My Compliance is received. This may be subject to post-trade compliance monitoring by Compliance and explanations may be requested from staff.


5.7

Remuneration Awards Hedging

Personal hedging is prohibited for remuneration awards that reflect deferred compensation in shares, or equivalent during the deferral and/or holding period for those awards. This includes share or fund awards that staff receive as part of their performance-based remuneration under our Deferred Award Plan, Equity Compensation Plan, Equity Incentive Plan or Long-Term Incentive Plan.

Any use of financial products (for example, insurance linked products that would not otherwise be in scope of this Policy) to protect against or limit the risk associated with deferred remuneration awards is prohibited. This includes short sales, puts, calls or other types of financial instruments (including but not limited to variable forwards contracts, and collars) which are based on the value of Schroders shares, funds, or other securities granted to, or held directly or indirectly by such staff member as part of their performance-based remuneration.

Hedging of any currency risk that may be associated with a share or fund award or other staff compensation is permitted.

If a staff member breaches this rule, they may be liable to forfeit all or part of their restricted or unvested awards.


5.8

Proximity to Published Investment Research

All staff are reminded that conducting personal account dealing in the securities of issuers or Schroder funds, in which there has been or where you are aware there will be published internal research, presents a (perceived) conflict of interest. Staff should therefore be careful not to engage in personal account dealing during such time. Typically this will apply in the five days prior and the five days following the publication of the research document. Research for the purposes of this requirement, relates to documents written by Schroders staff which includes information recommending or suggesting an investment strategy, explicitly or implicitly, concerning one or several financial instruments or the issuers, including any opinion as to the present or future value or price of such instruments. A typical investment recommendation would include any buy, sell, or relative value recommendation, for equities and bonds and any other in scope financial instrument, regardless of whether any time horizon for the trade is specified and irrespective of whether there is a specific price target.  It does not include:


1. A communication that does not refer to either a specific financial instrument or its issuer

2. A communication relating solely to spot currency rates, sectors, interest rates, loans, commodities, macroeconomic variables or industry sectors and not referring to a specific financial instrument or an issuer

3. Any communication containing purely factual information on one or several financial instruments or issuers of financial instruments

In addition, Research Analysts, Research Associates and other staff involved in the production of internal investment research (including their PCAs), are prohibited from personal trading in an issuer (and its issues) or fund which they cover, in the five business days prior, and the five business days following the issuance of research reports covering that issuer or fund.

When pre-clearing personal account trades in My Compliance, Investment staff must attest that they have not and will not issue a research document in the five business days prior and the five business days following, in the financial instrument in which they are seeking pre-clearance.


6.

Higher Risk Staff

The following requirements only apply to Higher Risk Staff. Higher Risk Staff are staff who are more likely to have access to non-public price sensitive information and/or to client trading information and/or may undertake roles that may be more likely to create an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

Higher Risk staff include:

-Group Management Committee members

-Investment Staff

-Compliance Staff

-Investment Risk Staff

-All other US Access Persons associated with our SEC regulated entities


If you are a Higher Risk Staff member, additional restrictions apply in addition to the requirements in sections 4 and 5, as follows:


6.1

Pending Client Orders (All Higher Risk Staff)

Restrictions set within My Compliance are greater for Higher Risk Staff on approving the buying or selling of financial instruments where the instrument is pending client order execution.


6.2

Trades in own Investment Universe (Investment Staff)

Investment Staff are required to inform Compliance via the My Compliance system when a trade request is within their own Investment Universe, irrespective of the size of the request.

Investment Universe includes investments in relation to which the individual or others on the same desk have undertaken research or analysis on the security or issuer as part of that desks coverage, whether or not it has been held in a client portfolio, in the last 12 months; or in the case of dealers, within the dealing desks scope of responsibility.


6.3

Trades in own managed funds (Investment Staff)

Investment Staff are required to inform Compliance via the My Compliance system when a trade request is in a fund managed by their desk, irrespective of the size of the request.


6.4

US Access Persons

If you have been advised by Compliance that you are an US Access Person associated with our SEC regulated entities (currently SIMNA Ltd, SWUSL Ltd and our SEC regulated US based entities) and hence subject to the US Code of Ethics policy, the following additional requirements will apply:


Trade Reporting Requirements

In addition to the post-trade reporting as set out in section 4, US Access Persons are also required to:

-Include non-Schroder Open Ended Funds that have not been authorised for distribution to the public in the Staff members country12, in their Initial Declaration, Quarterly and Annual Reports (see below for details about these reports); and

-Include Schroder Open Ended Funds in their Initial Declaration, Quarterly and Annual Reports (see below for details about these reports); and

-Include all ETFs and other derivatives linked to major market indices in their Initial Declaration, Quarterly and Annual Reports (see below for details about these reports); and

-Include all Enterprise Investment Schemes and Seed Enterprise Investment Schemes in their Initial Declaration, Quarterly and Annual Reports (see below for details about these reports); and

-Include all investment-based Crowdfunding in their Initial Declaration, Quarterly and Annual Reports (see below for details about these reports); and

-Include all government bond investments (including Japanese Government Bonds) in their Initial Declaration, Quarterly and Annual Reports (see below for details about these reports); and

-Report subsequent transactions in regular savings plans for which the initial transaction has been pre- cleared require reporting in the Quarterly Reports (see below); and

-US Access Persons on trading desks only: non-Schroder Open Ended Funds, authorised for distribution to the public in the Staff members country (UCITS funds in Europe) within five business days.

The reporting obligation may be discharged by arranging with their brokers/agents to report the transaction via an established automated feed into My Compliance.


Initial Declaration

No later than 10 calendar days after being advised that they are subject to the US Code of Ethics policy, each US Access Person must report each Permissible Investment they own in My Compliance or if agreed with Compliance, provide a list of their investments (as defined below).

The information provided, which must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date such person became an US Access Person, must include the title of the security, at least one of exchange ticker symbol, ISIN, CUSIP or Sedol and number of shares owned (for equities), or principal amount (for debt securities). The US Access Person must also provide information regarding the name of the broker, dealer, or bank with whom the staff member maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the staff member, and set these accounts up in My Compliance.


Quarterly Reports

No later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, each US Access Person must confirm that all transactions in Permissible Investments, including for the avoidance of doubt Schroder Funds and reportable funds for which pre-clearance was not required, in the quarter have been reported in My Compliance and make any additions/amendments in the system as necessary. US Access Persons are required to confirm these transactions through an attestation in My Compliance.


Annual Reports

Within 45 days after the end of the calendar year, each US Access Person must confirm all holdings in Permissible Investments for their covered accounts as at 31 December in My Compliance. US Access Persons are required to confirm these transactions through an attestation in My Compliance.

7.

Non-Compliance and Schroders Breach Framework

Staff and their PCAs should regularly review their own trading to ensure that they have acted in compliance with the provision of this Policy. To the extent that a member of staff determines that they or a PCA of theirs has executed a transaction not in compliance with this Policy, the violation must be reported to their local Compliance team immediately.

Personal trades are subject to post-trade monitoring which could result in retrospective action being taken, if there is evidence of non-compliance with the governing principles of this Policy, even if the request was approved in the My Compliance system.

Depending on the circumstances, non-compliance with this Policy may be treated as a serious disciplinary matter and may potentially amount to a breach of an individuals legal obligations.

In the event that any staff or their PCA are found to have breached this Policy, including the governing principles, in accordance with the breach framework, Schroders reserves the right to:

-Issue personal trading bans

-Insist that the member of staff or PCA closes out the position at their own cost

-Pay any profits to charity

-Escalate to management, for consideration as part of supervision and remuneration discussions

-Take further sanctions, up to and including dismissal of staff and/or the reporting of the situation to the relevant regulatory body

The UK Schroders breach framework can be found here. Staff outside of the UK should refer to their local breach framework or speak to their local Compliance team for more details.


8. Exemptions and Derogations

8.1

Regular Savings/Investment/Trading Plans

This section relates to securities, which are subject to pre-clearance and/or post trade reporting in this Policy.

When setting up a regular savings plan or other similar investment/trading plans13 where successive personal transactions are carried out on behalf of a member of staff or their PCA in accordance with prior instructions given by them, the first transaction must be pre-cleared/reported in My Compliance as per the requirements listed in the Executive Summary of this Policy. This includes regular value based saving/trading plans which must be declared in the comments field in your pre-clearance request form in My Compliance. Subsequent transactions do not require pre-clearance. Reporting of subsequent transactions is required for Directors of Schroders plc and their PCAs in relation to Schroders plc shares (see the Appendix) and for US Access Persons in their Quarterly and Annual transactions/holdings reporting as per section 6.4 [but not for other staff].

Changes to a regular savings plan are also subject to the pre-clearance and/or post trade reporting (of the first subsequent transaction) requirements. Compliance may also periodically request confirmation that the plan has not changed. The termination or withdrawal of the staff member or PCAs recurring instruction does not require pre-clearance, unless the assets that were acquired under the instructions are being disposed of at the same time. For changes to regular saving plans or other similar investment/trading plan instructions involving Schroders plc shares, please refer to the Appendix.


8.2

Staff on extended leave

Staff on extended leave (e.g. maternity, sick etc.) may be given an exemption from the Policy requirements during their leave. The staff member is responsible for liaising with the Compliance team and seeking an exemption based on their individual circumstances.


8.3

Derogations

Staff may request a derogation if their PCA manages their financial affairs wholly independently of, and without any knowledge or influence of, the member of staff. Compliance will assess individual circumstances, including, if applicable, the compliance process for PA dealing the PCA is subject to in their own employment, and the appropriate certification of independence of the management of their financial affairs.

Staff should discuss other requests for derogations with their Head of Compliance. The Global Head of Compliance will document any derogation that Compliance agrees to give. Such derogations can be ongoing or limited to specific transactions but are only likely to be granted in exceptional circumstances.

Any derogation request in respect of Schroders plc shares should be discussed with the Group Company Secretary team.


8.4

Discretionary Managed Accounts

As per section 3.3 of this Policy, discretionary managed accounts (accounts where full discretion has been given to a third party to manage) other than in relation to Schroder plc shares, are out of scope of this Policy.

Staff who are US Access persons must declare all their and their PCAs active discretionary managed accounts in My Compliance. Once declared, these accounts are then exempt from the other requirements in this Policy.


9.

Local PA Dealing Rules

The following have local Personal Account Dealing policies, which contain additional requirements that apply in addition to the requirements in this policy. Contact your local Compliance team for details of your local policies.

Australia

Brazil

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

Korea

Singapore

Switzerland

Taiwan

United States of America

Schroder Adveq

Wealth Management

US Access Persons subject to US Code of Ethics (in the UK associated with SIMNA Limited)


10.

Ownership and document approval

Ownership

Policy owner

Global Head of Compliance

Department

Compliance




11.

Review and Approval Schedule



Version

Date of

approval

Approved by

(name/committee)

Written or

updated by

Description of changes

1

January 2020

Group Management Committee

Alex Richardson

Major revisions and simplification

2

May 2021

Group Policy Committee

Alex Richardson

   Additional prohibition and exemptions.


Disclaimer


The contents of this policy are strictly confidential and should only be shared with third party PCAs as defined in this Policy, who should also keep them confidential. This Policy must not be otherwise communicated or published in any way whatsoever without the prior written consent of the Schroder Group.



 


APPENDIX


Group Personal Account Dealing Policy Appendix Rules in relation to Schroders plc shares

Contents

Personal Account Dealing Rules in relation to Schroders plc shares

15

1.

Introduction

15

2.

Definitions

15

3.

Application

16

4.

Transactions/Dealing

17

6.

Persons Closely Associated (PCAs) and Investment Managers

19

7.

Notification of Transactions

19

8.

What this means in practice

20

Schedule 1

21

Notification Template

21

Summary of dealing restrictions in Schroders plc shares for plc Directors and their PCAs

22

Summary of dealing restrictions in Schroders plc shares for Staff, their PCAs and Project Insiders

23





Personal Account Dealing Rules in relation to Schroders plc shares

1.

Introduction

The purpose of this Appendix to the Personal Account Dealing Policy is to set out the rules that apply to transactions/dealing in Schroders plc shares for all staff, non-executive Directors of Schroders Group Companies, Directors of Schroders plc and all Persons Closely Associated (PCAs) globally. This Policy is in place to ensure that those people subject to it do not abuse, and do not place themselves under suspicion of abusing, inside information and comply with their obligations under the UK Market Abuse Regulation.

2. Definitions

Closed Periods are the period of 30 days immediately before an announcement of Schroders plc's half- year or full year results, or if longer, the period from the end of the financial period until the announcement of Schroders plc's half-year or full year results.

DRIP means the Schroders plc dividend reinvestment plan that gives shareholders the opportunity to use their cash dividend to buy Schroders plc shares.

Inside Information means information which relates to the Company or any Company Securities, which is not publicly available, which is likely to have a non-trivial effect on the price of Company Securities and which an investor would be likely to use as part of the basis of his or her investment decision.

Persons Closely Associated (PCAs) means

-Spouses, partners, minors and other dependent children/stepchildren

-A relative who has shared the same household for the previous year (or more)

-Anyone the Staff member or Schroders plc Director advises, exerts influence over, or for whose account the Staff member or Schroders plc Director effects or instructs trades

-Any other person, corporate body, trust or partnership in whose trades the Staff member, Schroders plc Director or their PCA has a material direct or indirect interest or has direct or indirect control. This may include other family members, for example, or trusts of which a member of Staff, a Schroders plc Director or their PCA is a beneficiary and/or trustee or adviser.

Project Insider means a member of staff, a Schroders plc Director or third-party adviser who has access to Inside Information or potentially Inside Information and who has been informed that they are on a price- sensitive project list.

Restricted Periods are any period, other than a Closed Period, when there exists inside information in relation to Schroders plc or Schroders securities. In these cases, Project Insiders are advised of his or her name being included on a project insider list and the obligations and restrictions imposed upon them.

Schroders plc shares/Company Securities means any publicly traded or quoted shares or debt instruments of the Company (or any of the Companys subsidiaries or subsidiary undertakings) or derivatives or other financial instruments linked to any of them, including phantom options.

Schroders plc Directors means all directors currently appointed to the Board of Schroders plc, including both executive and non-executive Directors.

SIP means the Schroders Share Incentive Plan which can be joined by UK-based permanent employees.



Staff means employees of the Schroders plc group of companies, contractors at Schroders for any contract length and the long-term in-house Staff of outsourced service providers, excluding Schroders plc Directors.

Trading Plan means a written plan entered with an independent third party that sets out a strategy for the acquisition and/or disposal of Company Securities by the member of Staff, Schroders plc Director and all PCAs, and:

-Specifies the amount of Company Securities to be dealt with and the price at which and the date on which the Company Securities are to be dealt in; or

-Gives discretion to that independent third party to make trading decisions about the amount of Company Securities to be dealt in and the price at which and the date on which the Company Securities are to be dealt in; or

-Includes a method for determining the amount of Company Securities to be dealt in and the price at which and the date on which the Company Securities are to be dealt in.

Transactions/Dealing means any type of transaction in Company Securities, including purchases, sales, the exercise of options, the receipt of shares under share plans, using Company Securities as security for a loan or other obligation and entering into, amending or terminating any agreement in relation to Company Securities (e.g. a Trading Plan).


3.

Application

The following restrictions apply to all staff globally, Schroders plc Directors and all PCAs at all times:

-Pre-clearance must be obtained via My Compliance in advance of transactions/dealings in Schroders plc shares (i.e. transactions to buy, sell, lend or enter into any arrangement linked to the value of Schroders plc shares). Pre-clearance is not required for certain actions set out in sections 4.2 and 4.3 below

-All transactions/dealings are prohibited during Closed Periods for all Staff, Schroders plc Directors and all PCAs

-If you are a Project Insider, pre-clearance will not be given during the relevant Restricted Period

-Whether or not you have pre-clearance, you must not deal if you have any inside information

-You cannot deal on short term considerations (the minimum holding period for Schroders plc shares is one year)

-You must keep confidential the fact that you are intending to deal or that you have applied for pre-clearance, and, if it is refused, that this was the case

-If you are given pre-clearance, you must deal as soon as possible and in any event by market close the following business day

-Pre-clearance may be given subject to conditions. Where this is the case, you must observe those conditions when dealing

-Dealings relating to options in Schroders plc shares such as traded options, contracts for difference, spread betting and short selling are prohibited


If you are in doubt whether a proposed transaction in Schroders plc shares may constitute insider dealing,  market abuse or about any aspect of the rules applicable to   Schroders plc shares, you should contact Corporate Secretariat via companysecretary@schroders.com before undertaking any transaction.






If you think you or your PCA may be in breach of these rules at any time please notify Corporate Secretariat before taking any other action.



4.

Transactions/dealing

During a Closed Period, staff, Schroders plc Directors and all PCAs and their investment managers must not conduct any transactions/dealing for the account of the staff member or any of their PCAs, directly or indirectly, relating to Schroders plc shares or debt instruments or to derivatives or other financial instruments linked to them.

Staff, Schroders plc Directors and all PCAs also must not conduct any transactions/dealing for the account of a third party during a Closed Period.

4.1

Transactions/dealing which require pre-clearance and are notifiable to the Company

Outside a Closed Period, Transactions/Dealing which require pre-clearance and are notifiable to the Company include the following:

a. For Staff, Schroders plc Directors and all PCAs:

-Any acquisition (including the exercise of any option under the Deferred Award Plan, Equity Compensation Plan, Equity Incentive Plan and Long Term Incentive Plan (Share-Based Deferred Awards)) or disposal, or agreement to acquire or dispose, of Schroders plc shares whether through a recognised stock exchange or by private off-market dealings

-Any acquisition or disposal in an investment fund or unit trust containing Schroders plc shares where the value of Schroders plc shares constitutes greater than 20 per cent. of the fund or trusts value

-Transactions in Schroders plc shares executed by a third party under an individual portfolio or asset management mandate on behalf of or for the benefit of the Staff member. This does not include discretionary arrangements with third party investment managers notified in My Compliance

-The grant, acceptance, acquisition, disposal, exercise or discharge of any option, other than an option under the Share-Based Deferred Awards, (whether for the call, or put or both) to acquire or dispose of any Schroders plc shares

-Entering into or terminating, assigning or novating any stock lending agreement in respect of Schroders plc shares

-Using as security, or otherwise granting a charge, lien or other encumbrance over Schroders plc shares

-Any transaction, including a transfer for nil consideration, or the exercise of any power or discretion effecting a change of ownership of a beneficial interest in Schroders plc shares

-Any other right or obligation, present or future, conditional or unconditional, to acquire or dispose of any Schroders plc shares

-Investment into an ISA or divestment from an ISA where Schroders plc shares will be acquired through the ISA or disposed of through the ISA (including any acquisitions or disposals of Schroders plc shares through a 'self-select' ISA) where a Staff member retains control of the investment decisions

-On-market transactions where the beneficial interest in Schroders plc shares does not change, for example a transfer of Schroders plc shares already held by means of a matched sale and purchase into a saving scheme or into a pension scheme in which the Staff member or Schroders plc Director is a participant or beneficiary

-Dealings by Staff or Schroders plc Directors acting as sole trustee of a trust or acting as trustee on their own account

-Gifts and donations made or received, and inheritance received, in the form of Schroders plc shares


b)  For Schroders plc Directors and their PCAs only:

-Off-market transactions/dealings where the beneficial interest in Schroders plc shares does not change

-Pre-clearance should be obtained by a Schroders plc Director or their PCA prior to the receipt of shares as the beneficiary of a discretionary trust. Upon receipt of the shares, the Group Company Secretary should be notified


4.2

Transactions/Dealing which do not require pre-clearance but are notifiable to the Company

Outside a Closed Period, Transactions/Dealing which do not require pre-clearance but are notifiable to the Company include the following:

a. For Staff and Schroders plc Directors:

Transfers of shares into a savings scheme investing in Schroders plc shares following the release of shares from the SIP (pre-clearance is not required but the new holding information must be updated on My Compliance)

b. For Staff and their PCAs:

Off-market Transactions/Dealings where the beneficial interest in Schroders plc shares does not change (pre-clearance is not required but the new holding information must be updated on My Compliance)

Pre-clearance is not required by a Staff member or their PCA prior to the receipt of shares as the beneficiary of a discretionary trust. However, on receipt of the shares, the new holding information must be updated on My Compliance


4.3

Unrestricted actions

Transactions/dealing for which no pre-clearance or notification are required are set out as follows:

-Joining, changing the terms of or exiting the SIP in an open period (unless you are a Director of Schroders plc see section 8 below)

-Joining, changing the terms of or exiting the DRIP in an open period (unless you are a Director of Schroders plc -see section 8 below)

-The cancellation or surrender of an option under a Share-Based Award Scheme

-An investment in a scheme or arrangement (other than where the investment in Schroders plc shares constitutes greater than 20 per cent. of the arrangements value) and where the assets of the scheme or arrangement are invested at the discretion of an independent third party

-Where a transaction is being undertaken on you or your PCAs account during an open period under a discretionary arrangement with a third-party investment manager that has been declared in My Compliance


This list is not exhaustive. Should you be in any doubt as to how a particular transaction should be treated, you should contact Corporate Secretariat before undertaking any such transaction.


 




4. Persons Closely Associated (PCAs) and Investment Managers

Closed Periods

Schroders plc Directors must advise all his or her PCAs and investment managers (whether discretionary or not) acting on his or her behalf of Schroders plcs Closed Periods during which they cannot deal in Schroders plc shares.

Staff members must advise all his or her PCAs acting on his or her behalf of Schroders plcs Closed Periods during which they cannot deal in Schroders plc shares.

Restricted Periods

PCAs or investment managers should not be notified of Restricted Periods which are determined by access to Inside Information.

Pre-clearance and Notification

Staff members and Schroders plc Directors must advise all his or her PCAs and investment managers acting on his or her behalf:

-That with the exception of discretionary arrangements (i.e. where the discretion is with the investment manager), pre-clearance to deal in Schroders plc shares is required prior to all transactions/dealing; and

-In writing, that the investment manager or PCA must advise the Staff member or Schroders plc director immediately after they have dealt in Schroders plc shares.


Staff members and Schroders plc Directors must take reasonable steps to prevent any dealings in Schroders plc shares by or on behalf of any PCA on considerations of a short-term nature.

Schroders plc Directors must provide the Company with a list of his or her PCAs, and notify the Company of any changes to be made to that list. Staff members must declare all of their own, and their PCAs, active self- directed accounts and active discretionary managed accounts in My Compliance.



5. Notification of Transactions

Once a transaction/dealing is executed, staff must confirm the transaction details in the My Compliance system as soon as practicable and in any event within two business days of the transaction date. Staff should ensure that their investment managers (whether discretionary or not) notify them immediately of any notifiable transactions/dealing conducted on their behalf so as to allow them to confirm the transaction details in My Compliance within this timeframe. Any transactions/dealing undertaken through the Computershare employee share plan portal will be reported automatically.

For Directors of Schroders plc and their PCAs, once a transaction/dealing is executed, they must confirm the transaction details to the Group Company Secretary as soon as practicable and in any event within two business days of the transaction date. Schroders plc Directors and their PCAs should ensure that their investment managers (whether discretionary or not) notify them immediately of any transactions/dealing conducted on their behalf so as to allow them to notify the Group Company Secretary within this timeframe. The confirmation of transaction details to the Group Company Secretary must be in the form prescribed in Schedule 1 to this Policy. On receipt of the completed form, Schroders Corporate Secretariat will make the necessary announcement and submit the required details to the Financial Conduct Authority on the Directors or PCAs behalf.

Directors of Schroders plc must notify their PCAs and investment managers in writing of these notification obligations and retain a copy of the notification letter.

A copy of the notification form in Schedule 1 is available from Schroders Corporate Secretariat.






If you are uncertain as to whether or not a particular transaction/dealing is notifiable to the Company, you must obtain guidance from the Corporate Secretariat.


6.

What this means in practice

Trading Plans for Schroders plc shares

-Clearance to deal is required before entering into, amending or exiting a Trading Plan

-Staff, Directors of Schroders plc and all PCAs may not enter into, change the terms of or exit a Trading Plan during a Closed Period

-Directors of Schroders plc and Project Insiders may not enter into, change the terms of or exit a Trading Plan during a Restricted Period


Schroders Share Incentive Plan (SIP)

-Staff and Directors of Schroders plc may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP during a Closed Period

-Directors of Schroders plc and Project Insiders may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP during a Restricted Period

-Clearance to Deal is required prior to any subsequent dealing, such as a sale of shares, in any Schroders plc shares acquired through the SIP


Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)

-Directors of Schroders plc or their PCAs must obtain clearance to deal before joining, changing the terms of participation in or exiting the Companys DRIP

-Staff, Directors of Schroders plc or their PCAs may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the DRIP during a Closed Period

-Directors of Schroders plc and Project Insiders may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the DRIP during a Restricted Period

-Clearance to deal is required prior to any subsequent dealing in any Schroders shares acquired through the DRIP


Share-Based Deferred Awards (e.g. DAP, ECP, EIP and LTIP)

-Pre-clearance is required prior to the exercise of awards

-No exercises of awards are permitted in a Closed or Restricted Period

-Once an award has been exercised the rules also apply to the resultant Schroders plc shares

-A deemed exercise taking effect during a Closed or Restricted Period will be delayed until the end of the Period

Pre-clearance will be granted in respect of Schroders plc shares acquired by way of a deemed exercise provided it is not during a Closed or Restricted

-Provided pre-clearance has been obtained, the Employee Benefit Trust (or any other nominee) will transfer Schroders plc shares to beneficial owners on exercise of awards, deemed exercises or when restrictions end

-Staff and Schroders plc Directors may not cancel or surrender the grant of an award during a Closed Period

-Schroders plc Directors and Project Insiders may not cancel or surrender the grant of an award during a Restricted Period





Schedule 1

Notification Template


1.

Details of the Schroders plc Director/ person closely associated with them (PCA)

a)

Name:


2.


Reason for the notification

a)

Position/Status:


3.


Details of the transaction(s):

Section to be repeated for (i) each type of instrument; (ii) each type of transaction; (iii) each date; and (iv) each place where transactions have been conducted

a)

Description of the financial instrument, type of

instrument:

b)

Nature of the transaction:

c)

Price(s) and volume(s):

d)

Aggregated information


Aggregated volume:


Price:

e)

Date of the transaction:

f)

Place of the transaction:





Summary of dealing restrictions in Schroders plc shares for plc Directors and their PCAs


Is clearance to deal required?

Is dealing permitted in an Open Period?

Is dealing permitted in a Closed Period?

Is dealing permitted in a Restricted Period

Is notification required following the transaction?

Plc Director (acting on own behalf or via a non- discretionary investment manager)

ü

ü

û

û

ü

PCA (acting on own behalf or via a non-discretionary investment manager)

ü

ü

û

ü

ü

Discretionary investment manager (acting on behalf of plc Directors or PCAs)

û

ü

û

ü

ü

Independent trust arrangement (where plc Directors or PCAs are beneficiaries)

û

ü

û

ü

ü

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) plc Directors and their PCAs

ü9

ü

û10

û11

ü

Share Incentive Plan (SIP) plc Directors

ü

12

ü

û13

û5

ü

Trading plans (in relation to plc Directors and their PCAs)

ü

14

ü

û15

û16

ü

Collective Investment Vehicle/Unit Trust) (in relation to the plc Directors and PCAs)17

û

ü

ü

ü

ü


Key:

ü

Dealing permitted

û

Dealing not permitted











 







9Plc Directors and their PCAs must obtain clearance to deal before joining or exiting the Companys DRIP. Clearance to deal is also required prior to any subsequent dealing in any Schroders plc shares acquired through the DRIP.

10 Plc Directors and their PCAs may not join or exit the DRIP or change evergreen DRIP elections during a Closed Period.

11 Plc Directors may not join or exit the DRIP or change evergreen DRIP elections during a Restricted Period. PCAs may join or exit the DRIP within a Restricted Period.

12 During an Open Period, Plc Directors are able to join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP without requesting clearance to deal. However, clearance to deal is required prior to any subsequent dealing, such as a sale of any Schroders plc shares acquired through the SIP.

13 Plc Directors may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP in a Closed or Restricted Period.

14 Clearance is required to permit a plc Director or their PCA to enter into a trading plan. However, after such clearance has been given purchases of the Companys shares under such a programme do not require further clearance.

15 Purchases under a trading plan can continue through a Closed Period provided that the instructions were given in an Open Period. Plc Directors and their PCAS are not permitted to change the instructions or exit the trading plan during a Closed Period.

16 Purchases under a trading plan can continue through a Restricted Period provided that the instructions were given in an Open Period. Plc Directors are not permitted to change the instructions or exit the trading plan during a Restricted Period.

17If the value of Schroders shares within this vehicle does not constitute greater than 20 per cent. then no preclearance or notification is required.





Summary of dealing restrictions in Schroders plc shares for staff, their PCAs and Project Insiders




Is clearance to deal required?

Is dealing permitted in an Open Period?

Is dealing permitted in a Closed Period?

Is dealing permitted in a Restricted Period

Is My Compliance notification required following the transaction?

Staff member (acting on own behalf or via a non- discretionary investment manager)

ü

ü

û

û

ü

PCA (acting on own behalf or via a non-discretionary investment manager)

ü

ü

û

ü

ü

Discretionary investment manager (acting on behalf of Staff or PCAs)

û

ü

û

ü

ü

Independent trust arrangement (where Staff or PCAs are beneficiaries)

û

ü

û

ü

ü

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) Staff and PCAs

ü

18

ü

û19

û20

û

Share Incentive Plan (SIP) Staff and PCAs

ü

21

ü

û22

û23

û

Trading plans - Staff and PCAs

ü

24

ü

û25

û26

ü

Collective Investment Vehicle/Unit Trust (in relation to Staff and PCAs)27

û

ü

ü

ü

ü


Key:

ü

Dealing permitted

û

Dealing not permitted








 





18 During an Open Period, Staff members (other than plc Directors) and their PCAs are able to join or exit the DRIP without requesting clearance to deal. However, clearance is required prior to any subsequent dealing in any Schroders plc shares acquired through the DRIP.

19 Staff members and their PCAs may not join or exit the DRIP during a Closed Period.

20 Project Insiders may not join or exit the DRIP during a Restricted Period. PCAs may join or exit the DRIP during a Restricted Period.

21 During an Open Period, Staff members are able to join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP without requesting clearance to deal. However, clearance to deal is required prior to any subsequent dealing, such as a sale of any Schroders plc

shares acquired through the SIP.

22 During a Closed Period, Staff may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP.

23 During a Restricted Period, Project Insiders may not join, change the terms of their participation or exit the SIP.

24Clearance is required to permit a Staff member or their PCA to enter into a Trading Plan. However, after such clearance has been given purchases of the Companys shares under such a programme do not require further clearance.

25 Purchases under a trading plan can continue through a Closed Period provided that the instructions were given in an Open Period. Staff members or their PCAs are not permitted to change the instructions or exit the trading plan during a Closed Period.

26 Purchases under a trading plan can continue through a Restricted Period provided that the instructions were given in an Open Period. Project Insiders are not permitted to change the instructions or exit the trading plan during a Restricted Period.

27If the value of Schroders shares within this vehicle does not constitute greater than 20 per cent. then no pre-clearance or notification is required.

Footnotes

1 Including robo advised accounts deemed to be self-directed accounts i.e. where a member of Staff retains trading discretion over the account.

2 All Schroders Corporate Hargreaves Lansdown (HL) SIPPs must be set up for automatic reporting through HL.

3 Including Junior ISAs & Lifetime ISAs (LISAs).

4 For hedging please contact Compliance.

5 Staff must submit their request to short sell (in non-exempt investment types) in My Compliance by selecting the Short Sale option on the pre-clearance request form. Compliance will then route the request to the employees line manager for exceptional approval. Staff are not permitted to execute the trade until they have received approval from their line manager (via My Compliance). Requests will only be approved if Schroders has not recently traded the security. Shorts that present a conflict of interest with a long position in the security held by Schroders, will also be denied.  

6  Broad based ETFs for the purpose of this policy means index tracking ETFs where no single security held by the fund can make up more than 20% of the funds NAV (Net Asset Value) as stated in its offering documentation (e.g. prospectus) or factsheet.

7 Broad based index linked futures or options for the purpose of this policy means futures and options linked to an index where no single security on the index make up more than 20% of the index.

 This includes dividend reinvestment plans, scrip issues, scrip dividends, tender offers, taking up rights issues (although permission is required to sell rights or to oversubscribe).

9 Japanese Government Bonds for Individuals with fixed 1-year minimum redemption rates.

10 These include crypto assets such as bitcoin, but does not exempt shares in crypto asset companies and derivatives of crypto assets or ETFs containing crypto assets which are required to be pre-cleared, and post trade reported to Compliance, and are subject to the 60 day holding.

1111 For new issuances, reporting in My Compliance is required within 5 business days of the allocation date.

12 Open ended funds that are not: 1) US registered or 2) available to the retail public; daily priced; traded with the issuer; not managed by Schroders and not made by a US Access Person on a trading desk.

13 This includes self directed pension plans where staff decide to invest the contributions into stock, shares funds or other financial instruments in scope of this policy.





Converted by EDGARwiz













CODE OF ETHICS AND CONDUCT







T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

AND ITS AFFILIATES















          Effective March 7, 2022


CODE OF ETHICS AND CONDUCT

OF

T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

AND ITS AFFILIATES



TABLE OF CONTENTS


GENERAL POLICY STATEMENT

1-1

Purpose of Code of Ethics and Conduct

1-1

Persons and Entities Subject to the Code

1-2

Definition of Supervised Persons

1-2

Status as a Fiduciary

1-2

Adviser Act Requirements for Supervised Persons

1-3

NASDAQ Requirements

1-3

What the Code Does Not Cover

1-3

Sarbanes-Oxley Codes

1-4

Compliance Procedures for Funds and Federal Advisers

1-4

Compliance with the Code

1-4

Questions Regarding the Code

1-4

STANDARDS OF CONDUCT OF PRICE GROUP AND ITS PERSONNEL

2-1

Allocation of Brokerage Policy

2-1

Annual Compliance Certification

2-1

Anti-Bribery Laws and Prohibitions Against Illegal Payments

2-1

Antitrust

2-2,7-1

Anti-Money Laundering

2-2

Appropriate Conduct

2-2

Charitable Contributions

2-2

Conflicts of Interest

2-4

Relationships with Profitmaking Enterprises

2-4

Service with Nonprofitmaking Organizations

2-5

Relationships with Financial Service Firms

2-5

Relationships with a Bank

2-6

Existing Relationships with Potential Vendors

2-6

Investment in Client/Vendor Company Stock

2-6

Confidentiality

2-7

Expense Payments and Reimbursements

2-7

Financial Reporting

2-8

Gifts and Business Entertainment

2-8

Human Resources

2-8

Equal Opportunity

2-8

Drug and Alcohol Policy

2-8

Policy Against Harassment and Discrimination

2-8

Health and Safety in the Workplace

2-9

Use of Employee Likenesses and Information

2-9

Employment of Former Government and Self-Regulatory Organization Employees

2-9

Inside Information

2-9,4-1

Investment Clubs

2-9

Marketing and Sales Activities

2-10

Outside Business Activities

2-10

Past and Current Litigation and Inquiries from Regulators or Governmental Organizations

2-10

Political Activities and Contributions

2-10

Lobbying

2-12

Professional Designations

2-12

Protection of Corporate Assets

2-12

Quality of Services

2-13

Record Retention and Destruction

2-13

Referral Fees

2-13

Release of Information to the Press

2-13

Responsibility to Report Violations

2-14

General Obligation

2-14

Global Whistleblower Procedures

2-14

Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Procedures

2-14

Sarbanes-Oxley Attorney Reporting Requirements

2-14

Circulation of Rumors

2-15

Service as Trustee, Executor or Personal Representative

2-15

Speaking Engagements and Publications

2-15

Social Media

2-16

Systems Security

2-16,6-1

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON GIFTS AND BUSINESS ENTERTAINMENT

3-1

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON MATERIAL, INSIDE (NON-PUBLIC) INFORMATION

4-1

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

5-1

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON SYSTEMS SECURITY AND RELATED ISSUES

6-1

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON COMPLIANCE WITH ANTITRUST LAWS

7-1

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON PRIVACY

8-1









CODE OF ETHICS AND CONDUCT

OF

T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

AND ITS AFFILIATES


GENERAL POLICY STATEMENT


Purpose of Code of Ethics and Conduct.  As a global investment management firm, we are considered a fiduciary to many of our clients and owe them a duty of undivided loyalty.  Our clients entrust us with their financial well-being and expect us to always act in their best interests.  Over the course of our Companys history, we have earned a reputation for fair dealing, honesty, candor, objectivity and unbending integrity.  This has been possible by conducting our business on a set of shared values and principles of trust.


In order to educate our personnel, protect our reputation, and ensure that our tradition of integrity remains as a principle by which we conduct business, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (T. Rowe Price, TRP, Price Group or Group) has adopted this Code of Ethics and Conduct (Code).  Our Code establishes standards of conduct that we expect each associate to fully understand and agree to adopt.  As we are in a highly regulated industry, we are governed by an ever-increasing body of federal, state, and international laws as well as countless rules and regulations which, if not observed, can subject the firm and its employees to regulatory sanctions.  All associates are expected to comply with all laws and regulations applicable to T. Rowe Price business.  Our Code contains 31 separate Standards of Conduct as well as the following six separate Statements of Policy:


1.

Statement of Policy on Gifts and Business Entertainment

2.

Statement of Policy on Material, Inside (Non-Public) Information

3.

Statement of Policy on Securities Transactions

4.

Statement of Policy on Systems Security and Related Issues

5.

Statement of Policy on Compliance with Antitrust Laws

6.

Statement of Policy on Privacy

 

A copy of this Code will be retained by the Legal Department for five years from the date it is last in effect.  While the Code is intended to provide you with guidance and certainty as to whether or not certain actions or practices are permissible, it does not cover every issue that you may face.  The firm maintains other compliance-oriented manuals and handbooks that may be directly applicable to your specific responsibilities and duties.  Nevertheless, the Code should be viewed as a guide for you and the firm as to how we jointly must conduct our business to live up to our guiding tenet that the interests of our clients and customers must always come first.


Each new employee will be provided with the current Code and must acknowledge their understanding of the Code. All employees have access to the current Code on the intranet.  Each employee will be required to provide Price Group with an  acknowledgement of their understanding of the current Code on at least an annual basis.  All  acknowledgements will be retained as required by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the Advisers Act).


Please read the Code carefully and observe and adhere to its guidance.


Persons and Entities Subject to the Code.  Unless otherwise determined by the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, the following entities and individuals are subject to the Code:


·

Price Group

·

The subsidiaries and affiliates of Price Group

·

The officers, directors and employees of Price Group and its affiliates and subsidiaries


Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms T. Rowe Price, Price Group and Group refer to Price Group and all its affiliates and subsidiaries.


In addition, the following persons are subject to the Code:


1.

Any contingent worker (independent or agency-provided contract worker) whose assignments exceed four weeks or whose cumulative assignments exceed eight weeks over a twelve-month period and whose work is closely related to the ongoing work of Price Group employees (versus project work that stands apart from ongoing work); and


2.

Any contingent worker whose assignment is more than casual in nature or who will be exposed to the kinds of information (via systems access or otherwise) and situations that would create conflicts on matters covered in the Code.


The independent directors of Price Group,  T. Rowe Price Mutual Funds (Price Funds), and the T. Rowe Price Exchange-Traded Funds (Price ETFs) are subject to the principles of the Code generally and to specific provisions of the Code as noted. Price ETFs includes the T. Rowe Price semi-transparent actively-managed ETFs (STA ETFs) that operate pursuant to SEC exemptive relief dated December 2019 (the STA ETF Exemptive Relief) unless expressly noted otherwise.


Definition of Supervised Persons.  Under the Advisers Act, the officers, directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions) and employees of the Price Advisers, as well as any other persons who provide advice on behalf of a Price Adviser and are subject to the Price Advisers supervision and control are Supervised Persons.


Status as a Fiduciary.  Several of Price Groups subsidiaries are investment advisers registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).  These include T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (TRPA), T. Rowe Price Investment Management, Inc. (TRPIM), T. Rowe Price International Ltd (TRPIL), T. Rowe Price Advisory Services, Inc. (TRPAS), T. Rowe Price (Canada), Inc. (TRP Canada), T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd. (TRPSING), T. Rowe Price Japan, Inc. (TRPJ), T. Rowe Price Australia Limited (TRPAU), and T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited (TRPHK).


TRPIL is also authorized and regulated by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). TRPIL is also subject to regulation by the Dubai Financial Services Authority (in respect of its DFIC Representative Office).


TRPHK is also authorized and regulated by the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) of Hong Kong.

 



TRPSING is also authorized and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).


TRP Canada is also registered with the Ontario Securities Commission, the Manitoba Securities Commission, the British Columbia Securities Commission, the Saskatchewan Financial Services Commission, the Nova Scotia Securities Commission, the New Brunswick Securities Commission, the Financial Markets Authority (Quebec), and the Alberta Securities Commission.

 

TRPJ is licensed by the Japan Financial Services Authority (FSA).


TRPAU also holds an Australian Financial Services License issued by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC).


All advisers affiliated with Price Group will be referred to collectively as the Price Advisers unless the context otherwise requires.  The Price Advisers will register with additional securities regulators as required by their respective businesses.  The primary responsibility of the Price Advisers is to render to their advisory clients on a professional basis unbiased advice regarding their clients investments.  As investment advisers, the Price Advisers have a fiduciary relationship with all of their clients, which means that they have an absolute duty of undivided loyalty, fairness and good faith toward their clients and mutual fund shareholders and a corresponding obligation to refrain from taking any action or seeking any benefit for themselves which would, or which would appear to, prejudice the rights of any client or shareholder or conflict with his or her best interests.


Adviser Act Requirements for Supervised Persons.  The Advisers Act requires investment advisers to adopt Codes that:


·

Establish a standard of business conduct, applicable to Supervised Persons, reflecting the fiduciary obligations of the adviser and its Supervised Persons;

·

Require Supervised Persons to comply with all applicable laws;

·

Require Supervised Persons to report violations of the Code promptly to the advisers Chief Compliance Officer;  and

·

Require the adviser to provide each Supervised Person with a copy of the Code and any amendments and requiring Supervised Persons to provide the adviser with an  acknowledgement of receipt of the Code and any amendments.


Price Group applies these requirements to all persons subject to the Code, including all Supervised Persons.


NASDAQ Requirements.  Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (NASDAQ) rules require listed companies to adopt a Code of Conduct for all directors, officers, and employees.  Price Group is listed on NASDAQ.  This Code is designed to fulfill this NASDAQ requirement.  A waiver of this Code for an executive officer or director of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. must be granted by Price Groups Board of Directors and reported as required by the pertinent NASDAQ rule.


Additional Regulatory Requirements Beyond the Code.   The Code was not written for the purpose of covering all policies, rules and regulations to which personnel may be subject.  For example, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. (Investment Services) is regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and, as such, is required to maintain written supervisory procedures to enable it to supervise the activities of its registered representatives and associated persons to ensure compliance with applicable securities laws and regulations and with the applicable rules of FINRA.  In addition, TRPIL, TRP Canada, and other TRP entities are subject to several non-U.S. regulatory authorities.


Sarbanes-Oxley Codes.  The principal Executive and Senior Financial Officers of Price Group, Price Funds, and the Price ETFs are also subject to codes (collectively the S-O Codes) adopted to bring these entities into compliance with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley Act).  These S-O Codes, which are available along with this Code on the firms intranet site, are supplementary to this Code, but administered separately from it and each other.


Compliance Procedures for Funds and Federal Advisers.  Under rule 38a-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, each fund board is required to adopt written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the fund from violating federal securities laws.  These procedures must provide for the oversight of compliance by the funds advisers, principal underwriters, administrators and transfer agents.  Under Rule 206(4)-7 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, it is unlawful for an investment adviser to provide investment advice unless it has adopted and implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of federal securities laws by the adviser and its supervised persons.


Compliance with the Code.  Strict compliance with the provisions of this Code is considered a basic condition of employment or association with the firm.  An employee may be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination, for refusing to cooperate with an internal or external investigation.  An employee may be required to surrender any profit realized from a transaction that is deemed to be in violation of the Code.  In addition, a breach of the Code may constitute grounds for disciplinary action, including fines and dismissal from employment.  Employees may appeal to the Management Committee any ruling or decision rendered with respect to the Code.  


Questions regarding the Code should be referred to Code_of_Ethics@TRowePrice.com

 




 



STANDARDS OF CONDUCT OF PRICE GROUP AND ITS PERSONNEL


Allocation of Brokerage Policy. The policies of each of the Price Advisers with respect to the allocation of client brokerage are set forth in Part 2A of Form ADV of each of the Price Advisers. The Form ADV is each Price Advisers registration statement filed with the SEC. It is imperative that all employees, especially those who are in a position to make recommendations regarding brokerage allocation or who are authorized to select brokers that will execute securities transactions on behalf of our clients, read and become fully knowledgeable concerning our policies in this regard.  Any questions regarding any of the Price Advisers allocation policies for client brokerage should be addressed to the respective Equity Best Execution or Fixed Income Best Execution Committee.


Annual Compliance Certification.  Annually each person subject to the Code is required to complete an Annual Compliance Certification (ACC) regarding his or her compliance with various provisions of the Code.   Associates must notify Code Compliance (via the Code of Ethics mailbox) should any responses to these questions change during the subsequent calendar year.  Each Access Person (defined on page 5-3), except the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs, must file an Initial Holdings Report as well as complete the ACC which will include a reporting and certification of securities accounts and holdings.  


Anti-Bribery Laws and Prohibitions Against Illegal Payments.  State, U.S., and international laws prohibit the payment of bribes, kickbacks, inducements or other illegal gratuities or payments by or on behalf of Price Group.  Price Group, through its policies and practices, is committed to comply fully with these laws.  T. Rowe Price prohibits its employees as well as anyone acting on its behalf from making any type of illegal payment.  The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) makes it a crime to directly or indirectly pay, promise to pay, offer to pay or authorize the payment of any money or anything of value to any government official in connection with obtaining or retaining business or influencing such official in order to secure an improper advantage.  The term government official is broadly defined to include any officer or employee of a government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any such government or department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or for or on behalf of any such public international organization, and any political party, party official or candidate for public office.


Additionally, the UK Bribery Act 2010 (Bribery Act) contains wide prohibitions on illegal payments and specifically prohibits bribery between private parties.  Also, the Bribery Act provides for severe civil and criminal penalties against individuals and corporations.


Under these Anti-bribery laws, actions constituting a bribe or illegal payment are interpreted broadly and could include excessive, repeated or lavish entertainment and/or gifts.  Associates must adhere to the guidelines of gift and business entertainment policy and procedures and, if required by the applicable procedure, indicate in the reporting process whether a recipient of a gift or business entertainment is a government official.


If you are solicited to make or receive an illegal payment or have any questions about this section of the Code, you should contact the Legal Department.  Also, an anonymous Hotline (888-651-6223) has been established for employees to report any concerns they have regarding illegal payments, including potential violations of the FCPA and the Bribery Act.



 

Antitrust.  The U.S. antitrust laws are designed to ensure fair competition and preserve the free enterprise system.  Other jurisdictions have requirements based on similar principals.  Some of the most common antitrust issues with which an employee may be confronted are in the areas of pricing (adviser fees) and trade association activity.  To ensure its employees understanding of these laws, Price Group has adopted a Statement of Policy on Compliance with Antitrust Laws (page 7-1).


Anti-Money Laundering.  T. Rowe Price has a legal and fiduciary duty to help guard against accounts under management from being used for fraudulent activities, money laundering, or the financing of terrorist activities.  T. Rowe Price will not knowingly engage in any activity that facilitates money laundering or the funding of terrorist or criminal activities. The firm has developed procedures to help detect and prevent such activity from occurring and will comply with all laws and regulations to which T. Rowe Price is subject including those rules and regulations requiring the reporting of suspicious activity.  It is each associates responsibility to protect the firm from exploitation by money launderers.  Refer to the Global Financial Crimes Prevention web-based training in myLearning for more information on money laundering and the relevant laws and regulations.


Appropriate Conduct.  Associates are expected to conduct themselves in an appropriate and responsible manner in the workplace, when on company business outside the office, and at company-sponsored events.  Inappropriate behavior reflects poorly on the associate and may impact T. Rowe Price.  Managers should be especially mindful that they should set the standard for appropriate behavior.


Charitable Contributions.  Employees should be sensitive to a possible perception of undue influence before making or requesting charitable contributions to or from a client, prospect, vendor, or other business contact.  Under certain Anti-bribery laws, regulators may consider charitable contributions to be improper payments, even when the person who has requested that the contribution be made receives no direct monetary benefit.  Accordingly, when making charitable contributions in response to requests from business contacts, associates must be mindful of how Anti-bribery laws could be implicated.  In no case should charitable contributions be made on a quid pro quo basis.


Supervision of Charitable Contribution Requests.  Managers and Division Heads are responsible for ensuring that responses to requests from clients, vendors, and other business contact and our requests to clients, vendors, and other business contacts for charitable contributions comply with these guidelines as well as respective departmental policies.  Charitable contributions should be considered as separate and distinct from marketing and advertising expenditures.  If you have any questions about a proposed charitable contribution, you should contact the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee, before proceeding.


Requests Received from Clients, Vendors or Other Business Contacts for Corporate Charitable Contributions.  On occasion, a T. Rowe Price entity may be asked by an employee of a client, vendor, or other business contact to make a charitable donation.  In those instances where the T. Rowe Price Foundation does not make the contribution, the decision about the charitable contribution is made by the T. Rowe Price entity, subject to the following conditions:


·    The amount of charitable contribution may not be linked to the actual or anticipated level of business with the client, vendor or other business contact whose employee is soliciting the charitable contribution;

·

There is no reason to believe that the employee requesting the contribution will derive an improper economic or pecuniary benefit as a result of the proposed contribution;

·

If the T. Rowe Price entity considering the contribution is unfamiliar with the charity, its personnel should confirm with the Central Control Group that the charity does not appear on the Office of Foreign Assets Controls Specially Designated Nationals List;

·

The contribution should be made payable directly to the charity; and

·

Associates of the T. Rowe Price entity considering the contribution should check with Finance to determine the appropriate T. Rowe Price entity to make the contribution.


In addition, if the requested amount exceeds $1,000 the request must be referred to the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee for prior approval.


Some broker-dealers sponsor days, often referred to as miracle days, where they pledge that proceeds received on that day will be donated to a specific charity.  Because of fiduciary and best execution obligations, the Price Advisers cannot agree to direct trades to a broker-dealer in support of such an event at either a clients or the broker-dealers request.  The Price Advisers are not prohibited, however, from placing trades for best execution that happen to occur on a miracle day or similar time and thus benefit a charity.


Requests Received from Clients, Vendors or Other Business Contacts for Personal Charitable Contributions.  On occasion, a T. Rowe Price employee may be asked by an employee of a client, vendor or other business contact to make a charitable contribution.  If the employee makes a contribution directly to the charity and the contribution is not made in the name of or for the benefit of the business contact, no Code of Ethics or FINRA issues arise.  For example, a plan fiduciary might mention that her husband has recently recovered from a heart problem and that she is raising funds for a charity that supports cardiac research.  The T. Rowe Price employee can make a personal contribution to that charity and if the contribution is not tied to the name of the business contact and does not create a benefit for her, the employee does not need to request prior clearance of or notify T. Rowe Price about the contribution.


However, personal charitable contributions made in the name of and for the benefit of a business contact should be treated as gifts to the business contact.  For example, if the business contact raises a certain amount of money, he or she gets a tangible award or opportunity like the chance to participate in a marathon.  For business contacts related to T. Rowe Price fund business or other broker-dealer related business, contributions of the latter type are subject to FINRAs $100 limit.  For other business activities not regulated by FINRA, contributions in excess of $100 must be prior approved by the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee.


Requests to Clients, Vendors, or Other Business Contacts for Charitable Contributions.  Employees should be sensitive to a possible perception of undue influence before requesting a client, vendor, business contact or an employee of such an entity to make a charitable contribution.  In no case should such a request be made on a quid pro quo basis.  If you have any questions about requesting a charitable contribution you should contact the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee, before proceeding.


NASDAQ Listing Rules.  Under the NASDAQ listing rules, specific restrictions may apply to contributions to a charitable organization for which an independent director of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. serves as an officer.  Specifically, contributions to such organizations during a fiscal year may not exceed the higher of five percent of the organizations revenues or $200,000.  Contributions in excess of these thresholds may invalidate a directors independent classification.


Conflicts of Interest.  All employees must avoid placing themselves in a compromising position where their interests may be in conflict with those of Price Group or its clients.  In addition, employees are legally required to perform their job duties in the best interests of the firm; referred to as a duty of loyalty.  This means that employees cannot enrich themselves at the expense of T. Rowe Price, actively compete with the firm, divert business to a competitor, and must always seek to protect the assets of the T. Rowe Price.  


Relationships with Profitmaking Enterprises.  Depending upon the circumstances, an employee may be prohibited from creating or maintaining a relationship with a profitmaking enterprise.  In all cases, written approval must be obtained as described below.


General Prohibitions.  Employees are generally prohibited from serving as officers or directors of any issuer (company) that is approved or likely to be approved for purchase in our firms client accounts.  In addition, an employee may not accept or continue outside employment that will require him or her to become registered (or duly registered) as a representative of an unaffiliated broker-dealer, investment adviser or insurance broker or company unless approval to do so is first obtained in writing from the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) of the broker-dealer.  An employee also may not become independently registered as an investment adviser.


Approval Process.  Any outside business activity, which may include a second job, appointment as an officer or director of or a member of an advisory board to a for-profit enterprise, or self-employment, must be approved in writing by the employees supervisor.  If the employee is a registered representative of T. Rowe Price Investment Services, he or she must provide the Legal Registration Group with prior written notice.  Any reported outside business activity of a registered representative is reviewed by Investment Services CCO, or designee, in order to determine if disclosure to FINRA is required.


Review by Ethics Committee.  If an employee contemplates obtaining an interest or relationship that might conflict or appear to conflict with the interest of Price Group, he or she must also receive the prior written approval of the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or his or her designee and, as appropriate, the Ethics Committee itself.  Examples of relationships that might create a conflict or appear to create a conflict of interest may include appointment as a director, officer or partner of or member of an advisory board to an outside profitmaking enterprise, employment by another firm in the securities industry, or self-employment in an investment capacity.  Decisions by the Ethics Committee regarding such positions in outside profitmaking enterprises may be reviewed by the Management Committee before becoming final.


Approved Service as Director or Similar Position.  Certain employees may serve as directors or as members of creditor committees or in similar positions for non-public, for-profit entities in connection with their professional activities at the firm.  An employee must receive the written permission of the Management Committee before accepting such a position and must relinquish the position if the entity becomes publicly held, unless otherwise determined by the Management Committee.


Service with Nonprofitmaking Organizations.  Price Group encourages its employees to become involved in community programs and civic affairs.  However, employees should not permit such activities to affect the performance of their job responsibilities.


Approval Process.  The approval process for service with a non-profitmaking organization varies depending upon the activity undertaken.


By Supervisor.  An employee must receive the approval of his or her supervisor in writing before accepting a position as an officer, trustee, or member of the Board of Directors of any nonprofit organization.


By Ethics Committee Chairperson.  If there is any possibility that the organization will issue and/or sell securities, the employee must also receive the written approval of the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or his or her designee and, as appropriate, the Chief Compliance Officer of the broker-dealer before accepting the position.


Although individuals serving as officers, Board members or trustees for nonprofitmaking entities that will not issue or sell securities do not need to receive this additional approval, they must be sensitive to potential conflict of interest situations (e.g., the entity is considering entering a business relationship with a T. Rowe Price entity) and must contact the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee, for guidance if such a situation arises.


Relationships with Financial Services Firms.  In order to avoid any actual or apparent conflicts of interest, employees are prohibited from investing in or entering into any relationship, either directly or indirectly, with corporations, partnerships, or other entities that are engaged in business as a broker, a dealer, an underwriter, and/or an investment adviser.  As described above, this prohibition generally extends to registration and/or licensure with an unaffiliated firm.  This prohibition, however, is not meant to prevent employees from purchasing publicly traded securities of broker-dealers, investment advisers or other companies engaged in the mutual fund industry.  All such purchases are subject to prior transaction clearance and reporting procedures, as applicable.  This policy also does not preclude an employee from engaging an outside investment adviser to manage his or her assets.

 



If any member of employees immediate family is employed by or has a partnership interest in a broker-dealer, investment adviser, or other entity engaged in the mutual fund industry, the relationship must be reported to the Code Compliance Team.


An ownership interest of 0.5% or more in any entity, including a broker-dealer, investment adviser or other company engaged in the mutual fund industry, must be reported to the Code Compliance Team.


Relationships with a Bank.  In order to avoid any regulatory conflicts of interests associated with an outside business activity associated with a bank, employees are required to obtain prior written approval before engaging in any outside business activity with a bank.


Approval Process.  Any outside business activity with a bank, such as a second job, must be approved in writing by the employees supervisor and by the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee.


Existing Relationships with Potential Vendors.  If an employee is going to be involved in the selection of a vendor to supply goods or services to the firm, he or she must disclose the existence of any ongoing personal or family relationship with any principal of the vendor to the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee, in writing before becoming involved in the selection process.


Investment in Client/Vendor Company Stock.  In some instances, existing or prospective clients (e.g., clients with full-service relationships with T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.) or vendors ask to speak to our portfolio managers and/or analysts who have responsibility for a Price Fund or Price ETF or other managed account in an effort to promote investment in their securities.  While these meetings present an opportunity to learn more about the client/vendor and may therefore be helpful to T. Rowe Price, employees must be aware of the potential conflicts presented by such meetings.  In order to avoid any actual or apparent conflicts of interest:


·

Employees are prohibited from providing any internal information (e.g., internal ratings or plans for future Price Fund, Price ETF, or other client account purchases) to the client or vendor regarding the securities, except to the extent specifically authorized by the Legal Department, and

·

Investment decisions of employees regarding a clients or vendors securities must be made independently of the client or vendor relationship and cannot be based on any express or implied quid pro quo.  If a situation arises where a client has suggested that it is considering either expanding or eliminating its relationship with T. Rowe Price (or, in the case of a vendor, offering a more or less favorable pricing structure) based upon whether Price increases purchases of the clients or vendors securities, the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee should be consulted immediately for guidance.


In addition, the use of information derived from such meetings with existing or prospective clients or vendors must conform to the Statement of Policy on Material, Inside (Non-Public) Information.

 



Conflicts in Connection with Proxy Voting.  If a portfolio manager or analyst with the authority to vote a proxy or recommend a proxy vote for a security owned by a Price Fund, Price ETF, or a client of a Price Adviser has an immediate family member who is an officer or director or has a material business relationship with the issuer of the security, the portfolio manager or analyst should inform the Proxy Committee of the relationship so that the Proxy Committee can assess any conflict of interest that may affect whether the proxy should or should not be voted in accordance with the firms proxy voting policies.


Confidentiality.  The exercise of confidentiality extends to all areas of our operations, including internal operating procedures and planning; current, prospective and former clients; investment advice; investment research; employee information and contractual obligations to protect third party confidential information.  The duty to exercise confidentiality applies not only while associates and others are with the firm, but also after a person leaves the firm.  Following are examples of the type of confidential information with which associates may come into contact:


·

Internal operating procedures and planning, including methods of operation and portfolio management, corporate financial information, and future initiatives the firm is considering.

·

Client information, including the identity of current, prospective, or former clients of any type (e.g., mutual fund shareholder, separate account client, etc.), agents of clients, and related data concerning clients (e.g., government-issued numbers, account numbers, addresses, investments, etc.).

·

Confidential information of third parties with whom we deal, such as the business operations of a vendor we use.

·

Investment research, including what securities we are considering for purchase or sale on behalf of our commingled investment vehicles or clients.

·

Information about our associates and contractors, such as name, government-issued numbers, health conditions, and financial or performance information.

·

Portfolio holdings for a commingled investment vehicle or separate account. (See T. Rowe Price Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds Information Release Policy)


In addition to laws that can apply to the collection and use of such information, Price Group also may be subject to contractual commitments.  It is important to remember that your role is to use confidential information of others, such as information of clients or other associates, only as needed to perform your job; to handle such information in a secure manner; to not use  or share such data for your own or other non-business purposes; and to promptly report any potential issues about the security, availability, or integrity of such information to the Help Desk.  You are prohibited from using or bringing physical or electronic business records of other businesses or employers to T. Rowe Price.


Expense Payments and Reimbursements.  As a general rule, T. Rowe Price will not pay or reimburse expenses, such as travel, accommodation and meals, to a business contact and will not accept payment or reimbursement from a business contact for those types of expenses.  Exceptions may only be granted with approval of the employees supervisor and Division Head and the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee.  Business units may adopt policies and procedures that permit T. Rowe Price to pay or reimburse expenses incurred by business contacts for attendance at certain T. Rowe Price sponsored events.  Such policies and procedures must contain provisions that describe the circumstances in which such payments are allowed and the controls and conditions that will apply.  Additionally, the policies and procedures must be approved by the Division Head and the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee.  This general rule does not apply to business entertainment which is covered in the Statement of Policy on Gifts and Business Entertainment.


Financial Reporting.  Price Groups records are maintained in a manner that provides for an accurate record of all financial transactions in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.  No false or deceptive entries may be made, and all entries must contain an appropriate description of the underlying transaction.  All reports, vouchers, bills, invoices, payroll and service records and other essential data must be accurate, honest and timely and should provide an accurate and complete representation of the facts.  The Audit Committee of Price Group has adopted specific procedures regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of certain auditing and accounting complaints. Price ETFs, as publicly traded companies, must comply with these requirements related to complaints.  The Price Funds voluntarily comply with these requirements.  As such, the Audit Committee of the Price ETFs and Price Funds has adopted policies and procedures regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of certain auditing and accounting complaints for ETFs and Price Funds. Refer to Responsibility to Report Violations on page 2-14.


Gifts and Business Entertainment.  The firm has adopted a comprehensive policy on providing and receiving gifts and business entertainment, which is found in the Code in the Statement of Policy on Gifts and Business Entertainment (page 3-1).


Human Resources.  Associates should refer to the appropriate Associate Handbook for more information on the policies referenced in this section as well as other Human Resources policies.


Equal Opportunity.  Price Group is committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity (EEO) and the maximum optimization of our associates abilities.  We believe our continued success depends on the equal treatment of all employees and applicants without regard to race, religion, creed, color, national origin, sex, gender, age, physical and mental disability, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, citizenship status, military and veteran status, pregnancy, or any other classification protected by federal, state or local laws.


This commitment to EEO covers all aspects of the employment relationship including recruitment, application and initial employment, promotion, transfer, training and development, compensation, and benefits.  All associates of T. Rowe Price are expected to comply with the spirit and intent of our EEO Policy.  If you feel you have not been treated in accordance with this policy, contact your immediate supervisor, the appropriate Price Group manager or a Human Resources representative.  No retaliation will be taken against you if you report an incident of alleged discrimination in good faith.


Drug and Alcohol Policy.  Price Group is committed to providing a drug-free workplace and preventing alcohol abuse in the workplace.  Drug and alcohol misuse and abuse affect the health, safety, and well-being of all Price Group associates and customers and restrict the firms ability to carry out its mission.  Associates must perform job duties unimpaired by illegal drugs or the improper use of legal drugs or alcohol.


 



Policy Against Harassment and Discrimination.  Price Group is committed to providing a safe working environment in which all individuals are treated with respect and dignity.  Associates have the right to enjoy a workplace that is conducive to high performance, promotes equal opportunity, and prohibits discrimination including harassment.


Price Group will not tolerate harassment, discrimination, or other types of inappropriate behavior directed by or toward an associate, supervisor/manager, contractor, vendor, customer, visitor, or other business partner.  Accordingly, the firm will not tolerate harassment or intimidation of any associate based on race, religion, creed, color, national origin, sex, gender, age, disability, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, citizenship status, veteran status, pregnancy discrimination, or any other classification protected by country, federal, state, or local law.  In addition, Price Group does not tolerate slurs, threats, intimidation, or any similar written, verbal, physical, or computer-related conduct that denigrates or shows hostility or aversion toward any individual.   Harassment will not be tolerated on our property or in any other work-related setting such as business-sponsored social events or business trips.  If you are found to have engaged in conduct inconsistent with this policy, you will be subject to appropriate disciplinary action, up to and including, termination of employment.


Health and Safety in the Workplace.  Price Group recognizes its responsibility to provide personnel a safe and healthful workplace and proper facilities to help them perform their jobs effectively.


Use of Employee Likenesses and Information.   Price Group is permitted to use employees' names, biographical information, images, job descriptions, and other relevant business data for purposes of complying with legal requirements and/or as part of its legitimate interests in managing its business, including any T. Rowe Price sponsored community or charitable event.  Price Group will seek an employee's explicit consent for a proposed use of the employee's likeness or other information when required to do so under applicable law. 

 

Employment of Former Government and Self-Regulatory Organization Employees.  U.S. laws and regulations govern the employment of former employees of the U.S. Government and its agencies, including the SEC.  In addition, certain states have adopted similar statutory restrictions.  Finally, certain states and municipalities that are clients of the Price Advisers have imposed contractual restrictions in this regard.  Before any action is taken to discuss employment by Price Group of a former government or regulatory or self-regulatory organization employee, whether in the U.S. or internationally, guidance must be obtained from the Legal Department.


Inside Information.  The purchase or sale of securities while in possession of material, inside information is prohibited by U.S., UK, and other international, state and other governmental laws and regulations.  Information is considered inside and material if it has not been publicly disclosed and is sufficiently important that it would affect the decision of a reasonable person to buy, sell or hold securities in an issuer, including Price Group.  Under no circumstances may you transmit such information to any other person, except to Price Group personnel who are required to be kept informed on the subject.  You should read and understand the Statement of Policy on Material, Inside (Non-Public) Information.


 



Investment Clubs.  Access Persons must receive the prior clearance of the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or their designee before forming or participating in a stock or investment club.  Transactions in which Access Persons have beneficial ownership or control (defined on page 5-4) through investment clubs are subject to the firms Statement of Policy on Securities Transactions.  Approval to form or participate in a stock or investment club may permit the execution of securities transactions without prior transaction clearance by the Access Person, except transactions in Price Group stock, if the Access Person has beneficial ownership solely by virtue of his or her spouses participation in the club and has no investment control or input into decisions regarding the clubs securities transactions.  Non-Access Persons (defined on page 5-4) do not have to receive prior clearance to form or participate in a stock or investment club and need only obtain prior clearance of transactions in Price Group stock.


Marketing and Sales Activities.  All written and oral sales and marketing materials and presentations must be in compliance with applicable SEC, FINRA, Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS), FCA, and other applicable international requirements.  All such materials (whether for the Price Funds, Price ETFs, other commingled investment vehicles, non-Price funds, or various advisory or Brokerage services) must be reviewed and approved by the Legal Departments Global Communications Compliance Team, as appropriate, prior to use.  All performance data distributed outside the firm, including total return and yield information, must be obtained from databases sponsored by the Performance Group.


Outside Business Activities.  Please refer to Conflicts of Interest (page 2-4).


Past and Current Litigation and Inquiries from Regulators or Governmental Organizations.  As a condition of employment, each new employee is required to provide information regarding past and current civil (including arbitrations) and criminal actions and certain regulatory matters.  Price Group uses the information obtained to respond to questions asked on governmental, regulatory, and self-regulatory registration forms and for insurance and bonding purposes.


Each employee is responsible for keeping responses pertaining to past and current civil (including arbitrations) and criminal actions and certain regulatory matters updated (notify Code Compliance).  An employee should notify Human Resources and either the Legal Department or the International Compliance Team promptly if he or she:


·

Becomes the subject of any proceeding or is convicted of or pleads guilty or no contest to or agrees to enter a pretrial diversion program relating to any felony or misdemeanor or similar criminal charge in a U.S. (federal, state, or local), foreign or military court,

·

Becomes the subject of a Regulatory Action, which includes any action initiated by a securities regulator (e.g. Securities and Exchange Commission (U.S.), Financial Conduct Authority (UK), Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong, etc.), or

·

Receives an inquiry from any regulator or governmental authority.


Political Activities and Contributions.  Price Group and its subsidiaries as well as their employees are subject to various federal, state and local laws regarding political contributions.  These regulations can restrict the ability of the firm and its employees to make political contributions.  In particular, the SEC has adopted Rule 206(4)-5 of the Advisers Act, known as the Pay-To-Play rule.  The rule was adopted to address pay-to-play practices under which direct or indirect payments by investment advisers, and certain of their executive or employees, to state and local government officials in the U.S. may be perceived to improperly influence the award of government investment business.  Generally, the rule prohibits an investment adviser from providing advisory services for compensation to a government entity client for two years after the adviser or certain of its executives or employees make a contribution over a de minimis amount to certain elected officials or candidates.  The rule affects T. Rowe Price and its employees because government entities use the firms advisory services and also invest in T. Rowe Price mutual funds.


The firm has adopted a Statement of Policy Regarding Political Contributions (Political Contributions Policy or Policy) to comply with the SEC rule and other applicable laws and requirements.  Under the Policy, all T. Rowe Price employees globally are required to prior clear proposed political contributions, as defined in the Policy, to any candidate, officeholder, political party, Political Action Committee (PAC), political organization, or bond ballot campaign in the U.S.  Note that employees must separately ensure that they are eligible by applicable law to make the contribution at issue; for example, U.S. law generally permits only U.S. citizens and "green card" holders to contribute to federal, state, and local elections.  Employees are generally prohibited from coordinating, or soliciting third parties to make, a contribution or payment to any candidate, officeholder, political party, PAC, political organization, or bond ballot campaign in the U.S.  Additionally, employees are prohibited from doing anything indirectly that, if done directly, would violate this Policy.  Any questions about the Political Contributions Policy should be directed to the Political Contribution Requests mailbox.


In addition to the requirements imposed by the SEC rule, all U.S.-based officers and directors of Price Group and its subsidiaries are required to disclose certain Maryland local and state political contributions on a semi-annual basis and certain Pennsylvania political contributions on an annual basis.  Certain employees associated with Investment Services are subject to limitations on and additional reporting requirements about their political contributions under Rule G-37 of the U.S. Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB). Furthermore, the firm and/or some employees are subject to additional restrictions because of client contractual stipulations.


U.S. law prohibits corporate contributions to campaign elections for federal office (e.g., U.S. Senate and House of Representatives).  The SEC rule effectively prohibits corporate contributions by the firm to state and local elections.


No political contribution of corporate funds, direct or indirect, to any political candidate or party, or to any other program that might use the contribution for a political candidate or party, or use of corporate property, services or other assets may be made without the written prior approval of the Legal Department. These prohibitions cover not only direct contributions, but also indirect assistance or support of candidates or political parties through purchase of tickets to special dinners or other fundraising events, or the furnishing of any other goods, services or equipment to political parties or committees. Neither Price Group nor its employees or independent directors may make a political contribution for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business with government entities.


T. Rowe Price does not reimburse employees for making contributions to individual candidates or committees.  Additionally, the firm cannot provide paid leave time to employees for political campaign activity.  However, employees may use personal time or paid vacation or may request unpaid leave to participate in political campaigning.


T. Rowe Price does not have a PAC.  However, T. Rowe Price has granted permission to the Investment Company Institutes PAC (ICI PAC), which serves the interests of the Investment company industry, to solicit T. Rowe Prices senior management on an annual basis to make contributions to ICI PAC or candidates designated by ICI PAC.  Contributions to ICI PAC are entirely voluntary.  Additionally, proposed contributions to the ICI PAC must go through the prior clearance process.


As noted above, the SEC rule prohibits most solicitation activities.  To the extent the Legal Department approves solicitation activities in accordance with applicable rules or other requirements employees, officers, and directors of T. Rowe Price may not solicit campaign contributions from employees without adhering to T. Rowe Prices policies regarding solicitation.  These include the following:


·

It must be clear that the solicitation is personal and is not being made on behalf of T. Rowe Price.

·

It must be clear that any contribution is entirely voluntary.

·

T. Rowe Prices stationery and email system may not be used.


An employee who wants to participate in political campaigns or run for political office should consult with his or her immediate supervisor to make sure that this activity does not conflict with his or her job responsibilities.  Also, the employee should contact the Legal Department to discuss any activities which may be prohibited.


Lobbying.  It is important to realize that under some state laws, even limited contact, either in person or by other means, with public officials in that state may trigger that states lobbying laws.  For example, in Maryland, if $2,500 of a persons compensation can be attributed to face-to-face contact with legislative or executive officials in a six-month reporting period, he or she may be required to register as a Maryland lobbyist subject to a variety of restrictions and requirements.  Therefore, it is imperative that you avoid any lobbying on behalf of the firm, whether in-person or by other means (e.g., telephone, letter) unless the activity is cleared first by the Legal Department, so that you do not inadvertently become subject to regulation as a lobbyist.  If you have any question whether your contact with a states officials may trigger lobbying laws in that state, please contact the Legal Department before proceeding.


Professional Designations.  It is the supervisors responsibility to confirm that any designation (CFA, CFP, etc.) used by his or her direct reports in connection with T. Rowe Price business, including its use,  is a valid designation issued by a reputable credentialing organization.  In addition, the supervisor must take reasonable steps to confirm that the associate has earned the designation; it is relevant to his or her job and is authorized to use it.  It is the responsibility of the associate to comply with the professional standards and reporting obligations of the organization that administers and authorizes the use of the professional designation.  Any questions should be directed to the Legal Department.


Protection of Corporate Assets.  All personnel are responsible for taking measures to ensure that Price Groups assets are properly protected.  This responsibility not only applies to our business facilities, equipment and supplies, but also to intangible assets such as proprietary research or marketing information, corporate trademarks and service marks, copyrights, client relationships, and business opportunities.  Accordingly, you may not solicit for your personal benefit clients or utilize client relationships to the detriment of the firm.  Similarly, you may not solicit co-workers to act in any manner detrimental to the firms interests.


Quality of Services.  It is a continuing policy of Price Group to provide investment products and services that meet applicable laws, regulations and industry standards, are offered to the public in a manner that ensures that each client/shareholder understands the objectives of each investment product selected, and are properly advertised and sold in accordance with all applicable SEC, FCA, FINRA, and other international, state and self-regulatory rules and regulations.


The quality of Price Groups investment products and services and operations affects our reputation, productivity, profitability, and market position.  Price Groups goal is to be a quality leader and to create conditions that allow and encourage all employees to perform their duties in an efficient, effective manner.


Record Retention and Destruction.  Under various U.S., UK, other international, state, and other governmental laws and regulations, certain of Price Groups subsidiaries are required to produce, maintain and retain various records, documents and other written (including electronic) communications.   Different requirements can apply depending on the type of records, for example client-related records as opposed to HR-related records or general business records.  Any questions regarding retention requirements should be addressed to the Legal Department or the TRP International Compliance Team.


You must use care in disposing of any confidential records or correspondence.  Confidential material that is to be discarded should be placed in designated bins or should be shredded, as your department requires.  If a quantity of material is involved, you should contact Document Management for instructions regarding proper disposal.  Documents stored off-site are destroyed on a regular basis if the destruction is approved by the appropriate business contact.


Generally, there can be legal prohibitions from destroying any existing records that may be relevant to any current, pending or threatened litigation, or regulatory investigation or audit.  These records would include emails, calendars, memoranda, board agendas, recorded conversations, studies, work papers, computer notes, handwritten notes, telephone records, expense reports, or similar material.  If your business area is affected by litigation or an investigation or audit, you can expect to receive instructions from the Legal Department on how to proceed.  Regardless of whether you receive such instructions, you should be prepared to secure relevant records once you become aware that they are subject to litigation or regulatory investigations or audits.


All personnel are responsible for adhering to the firms record maintenance, retention, and destruction policies.


Referral Fees.  U.S. securities laws strictly prohibit the payment of any type of referral fee unless certain conditions are met.  This would include any compensation to persons who refer clients or shareholders to T. Rowe Price (e.g., brokers, registered representatives, consultants, or any other persons) either directly in cash, by fee splitting, or indirectly by the providing of gifts or services (including the allocation of brokerage).  The FCA also prohibits the offering of any inducement likely to conflict with the duties of the recipient.  No arrangements should be entered into obligating Price Group or any employee to pay a referral fee unless approved first by the Legal Department.


Release of Information to the Press.  All requests for information from the media concerning T. Rowe Price Groups corporate affairs, mutual funds, Price ETFs, investment services, investment philosophy and policies, and related subjects should be referred to the appropriate Corporate Communications/Public Relations contact for reply.  Investment professionals who are contacted directly by the press concerning a particular funds investment strategy or market outlook may use their own discretion but are advised to check with the appropriate Corporate Communications/Public Relations contact if they do not know the reporter or feel it may be inappropriate to comment on a particular matter.  Please refer to the Global Media Engagement Guidelines located on the Exchange for additional information.


Responsibility to Report Violations.  The following is a description of reporting requirements and procedures that may or do arise if an officer or employee becomes aware of material violations of the Code or applicable laws or regulations.


General Obligation.  If an officer or employee becomes aware of a material violation of the Code or any applicable law or regulation, he or she must report it to the Chief Compliance Officer of the applicable Price Adviser (Chief Compliance Officer) or his or her designee, provided the designee provides a copy of all reports of violations to the Chief Compliance Officer.  Reports submitted in paper form should be sent in a confidential envelope.  Any report may be submitted anonymously; anonymous complaints must be in writing and sent in a confidential envelope to the Chief Compliance Officer.  Officers and employees may also contact any governmental and/or regulatory authority (e.g. SEC and FINRA in the U.S., FCA in the UK, SFC in Hong Kong, etc.).  


Global Whistleblower Procedures.  Price Group has adopted procedures for associates to report potential or actual violations of laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates.  The procedures outline steps associates can take to report matters internally to the Legal & Compliance Department, or on an anonymous basis through the Whistleblower Hotline, or externally to a regulatory authority.  The procedures are located in the firms policy and procedures repository.


It is Price Groups policy that no adverse action will be taken against any person as a result of that person becoming aware of a violation of the Code and reporting the violation in good faith.


Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Procedures for Price Group.  Pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Audit Committee of Price Group has adopted procedures (Procedures) regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by Price Group regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of Price Group or any of its affiliates of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.  All employees should familiarize themselves with these Procedures, which are posted in the firms policies and procedures repository.


Under the Procedures, complaints regarding certain auditing and accounting matters should be sent to the General Counsel, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., The Legal Department either through interoffice mail in a confidential envelope or by mail marked confidential to P.O. Box 37283, Baltimore, Maryland 21297-3283, or a report may be made by calling the toll-free hotline at 888-651-6223.



 

Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Procedures for Price ETFs and Price Funds.  Pursuant to NYSE Arca Rule and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Audit Committee of Price ETFs and Price Funds has adopted procedures regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by Price ETFs and Price Funds regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of Price ETFs or Price Funds of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.  See Policy on Complaints Related to ETFs and Mutual Fund Accounting Matters.  All employees should familiarize themselves with these Procedures, which are posted in the firms policies and procedures repository.


Under the Procedures, complaints regarding certain auditing and accounting matters should be sent to Chief Compliance Officer of the Price Funds and Price ETFs. The Legal Department either through interoffice mail in a confidential envelope or by mail marked confidential to P.O. Box 37283, Baltimore, Maryland 21297-3283, or a report may be made by calling the toll-free hotline at 888-651-6223.


Sarbanes-Oxley Attorney Reporting Requirements.  Attorneys employed or retained by Price Group or any of the Price Funds or Price ETFs are also subject to certain reporting requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.  The relevant procedures are posted in the firms policies and procedures repository.


Circulation of Rumors.  Individuals subject to the Code shall not originate or circulate in any manner a rumor concerning any security which the individual knows or has reasonable grounds for believing is false or misleading or would improperly influence the market price of that security.  You must promptly report to the Legal Department any circumstance which would reasonably lead you to believe that such a rumor might have been originated or circulated.  


Service as Trustee, Executor or Personal Representative.  You may serve as the trustee, co-trustee, executor or personal representative (collectively; position of trust) for the estate of or a trust created by close family members.  You may also serve in a position of trust for estates or trusts created by non-family members subject to approval by the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee.  However, if an Access Person expects to be actively involved in an investment capacity in connection with an estate or trust created by a nonfamily member, the associate must first be granted permission by the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee.  If you serve in any of these capacities, securities transactions affected in such accounts will be subject to the prior transaction clearance (Access Persons only, except for Price Group stock transactions, which require prior transaction clearance by all associates) and reporting requirements (Access Persons and Non-Access Persons) of our Statement of Policy on Securities Transactions.  If you presently serve in any of these capacities for non-family members, you should report the relationship in writing to the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee.


Speaking Engagements and Publications.  Employees are often asked to accept speaking engagements on the subject of investments, finance, or their own particular specialty with our organization.  This is encouraged by the firm as it enhances our public relations.  You should obtain approval from your supervisor and Division Head before you accept such requests.  You may also accept an offer to teach a course or seminar on investments or related topics (for example, at a local college) in your individual capacity with the approval of your supervisor and Division Head, provided the course is in compliance with the Guidelines found in T. Rowe Price Investment Services Compliance Manual.  Before making any commitment to write or publish any article or book on a subject related to investments or your work at Price Group, approval should be obtained from your supervisor and Division Head.


Social Media.  As T. Rowe Price associates, anything we say or do in our personal communications, including on social media, can reflect on T. Rowe Prices brand and reputation.  We should be aware of this when making personal posts and remember that nothing we say in the social media space is totally private and, in fact, may be available indefinitely.


While T. Rowe Price does not discourage associates from using social media to maintain personal connections, it is important to understand what is acceptable and prohibited when using social media.  The T. Rowe Price Policy for Associate Use of Social Media, available on the Exchange, sets forth the permissible use of social media, whether for personal or business use, by T. Rowe Price associates.  Examples of permissible and impermissible actions include:


·

Do not discuss work or specific projects or products on any social network account;

·

Do not post any information about T. Rowe Price products, services, competitors, business contacts, or other associates without prior authorization and training;

·

Do not respond to questions or comments about T, Rowe Price products or services without prior authorization and training;

·

Do not comment on any individual posts;

·

Associates can share any T. Rowe Price job vacancy listed on the T. Rowe Price Careers site or LinkedIn Jobs page on the network of their choice;

·

Associates can like or follow T. Rowe Price social media pages; and

·

Associates can only like and share individuals posts that have been identified as approved for associate interaction.


The policy applies whether or not associates are on company premises and whether or not associates are using a T. Rowe Price system, T. Rowe Price-issued device, or personal device.  The policy is designed to provide associates with clear direction when using social media to ensure the firms compliance with applicable regulations when engaging in social media channels, and to protect our associates, our clients, and the company.


Systems Security.  Computer systems and programs play a central role in Price Groups operations.  To establish appropriate systems security to minimize potential for loss or disruptions to our computer operations, Price Group has adopted a Statement of Policy on Systems Security and Related Issues (page 6-1).




 



 

T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

STATEMENT OF POLICY

ON

GIFTS AND BUSINESS ENTERTAINMENT  


T. Rowe Price adopted this policy to govern the receipt and giving of gifts and business entertainment by all employees of T. Rowe Price globally (Associates).  The giving and receiving of gifts and business entertainment must be carefully considered by Associates to avoid even the appearance of conflicts of interest.  


Associates are encouraged to ask for guidance about how to apply this policy in advance of giving or receiving a gift or business entertainment.  Questions can be directed to your manager or to the Legal Department.   


The Code and laws in numerous jurisdictions regulate gifts and entertainment to ensure that such practices do not constitute the direct or indirect provision or receipt of bribes, kickbacks, quid pro quos, or other corrupt practices.  Please refer to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Other Illegal Payments section of the Code and the firms Compliance Policy and Program Statement Relating to Anti-Bribery Laws and Prohibitions Against Illegal Payments.


Specific controls are applicable to ERISA plans and certain other regulatory regimes see Jurisdictions and Specific Requirements section.  


Gifts


The term gift has a broad meaning, including merchandise, gratuities and the use of property or facilities for weekends, vacations, and trips, including transportation and lodging costs, but does not include items of nominal value (defined later in this policy).    


General rules for all Associates:


·

You may not give gifts in excess of US$100 (aggregate annual limit per business contact).  You may not receive gifts in excess of US$100 (aggregate annual limit per organization).  Please note that gifts given to a business contacts family member (e.g., spouse or children) will count towards the US$100 annual gift limit for that business contact.

·

You may not accept gifts from broker-dealers.

·

You may not give gifts to or receive gifts from a vendor, client, prospect, or a lead manager of a consultant who has active negotiations or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) for services or products.

·

Any gift, given or received, must be reported.

·

Gifts may never be given or received in consideration of any business or transaction, or in connection with the purchase or sale of client securities or other investments.

·

Gifts of cash or cash equivalents may not be given or received.









Items of Nominal Value

Other than as noted in the Jurisdictions and Specific Requirements section of this policy, the term gift as described in this policy does not include an item of nominal value.  Items with a value of US$50 or less are regarded as nominal items.  For example, items such as pens, notepads, modest desk ornaments, or items that display the giving firms logo, which are typically given out at conferences or elsewhere, would generally fall within this exclusion. If an item is to be given in connection with the broker-dealers business, its value must not exceed US$50 and the item must have the TRP corporate logo permanently affixed to be exempt from the definition of gift.  


Personal Gift Exclusion

A personal gift given or received in recognition of a life event such as a baby or wedding gift, does not fall within this policy provided the gift is not in relation to the business of the employer of the recipient. There should be a pre-existing personal or family relationship between the giver and the recipient. The giver, not the firm, should pay for the gift. In addition, if an Associate is giving a gift in recognition of a life event, the giver must obtain prior approval from his/her supervisor, Business Unit Head if different, and the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee. If these conditions are met, the recordkeeping requirements and the US$100 limit do not apply.  


Gifts Received by Attendees at an Event

Any gift or gifts received by Associates at an event (e.g., industry conference, vendor user conference, investor relations event, etc.), other than nominal gifts (see above), must be reported and the total value cannot exceed the US$100 gift limit.  If an event provides a gift or gifts with a value greater than US$100, Associates may decline to accept the gift, donate it to charity or, with the approval of the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee, present the gift to the Associates Business Unit for a random draw of an identified group of associates of an appropriate size.


Group Gifts  

When a group gift valued at up to US$100 (e.g., chocolate assortment) is sent by a T. Rowe Price Associate, the gift report must identify the name of at least one business contact at the receiving organization.  If an Associate or a T. Rowe Price department receives a gift that is valued in excess of the US$100 limit, it can be shared amongst Associates provided no single Associates share of the gift exceeds the US$100 limit.  Alternatively, with the approval of the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or his/her designee, the gift can be awarded to the winner of a random draw of an identified group of associates of an appropriate size or donate it to charity.


Recurring Gifts

Tickets or other gifts (including nominal value items) may not be given nor accepted from a business contact or firm on a standing, recurring, or ongoing basis. Supervisors are responsible for monitoring how frequently their Associates receive and give gifts to/from specific business contacts to avoid potential conflicts of interest.


Calculation of Value

Gifts should be valued at the cost paid by the giver.  Associates and Managers should be mindful that if the market value of a gift is materially greater than the cost, consultation with the Legal Department may be appropriate to determine if another value should be used.




Business Entertainment


Entertainment must serve a legitimate and appropriate business purpose (Business Entertainment).  Generally, business entertainment includes meals and sporting events with business contacts (e.g., clients or vendors).  Associates should be mindful that business entertainment should generally not be solicited and only accepted after an invitation from your host.  Both the Associate and the business contact must be in attendance for an event to be classified as business entertainment. Business entertainment should not be so frequent or so lavish with the same business contact or client, that when viewed in its entirety, it could be viewed as a potential conflict of interest.  See Jurisdictions and Specific Requirements for additional restrictions on Business Entertainment.


Reporting and Prior Clearance


1.

Business entertainment valued above US$100 per person must be reported.

2.

Business entertainment that exceeds US$250 per person requires prior approval by the Associates Manager and either the Business Unit Head or Region/Segment Head (as determined by the Business Unit).


3.

Broker-dealer provision:  All meal business entertainment received from broker-dealers above US$100 per person requires prior approval by the Associates Manager and must be reported.  All non-meal business entertainment received from broker-dealers, regardless of value, requires prior approval by the Associates Manager and must be reported.  T. Rowe Price (or in some cases, the Associate) will pay or reimburse the broker-dealer for such reported business entertainment.  


4.

Business entertainment that includes a guest (e.g., spouse or child) requires prior approval by the Associates Manager and either the Business Unit Head or Region/Segment Head (as determined by the Business Unit).  Keep in mind that the Associate may need to pay for the cost of the guest.


5.

Business entertainment that does not occur in the normal course of business or is an event of national prominence requires prior approval by the Associates Manager and either the Business Unit Head or Region/Segment Head (as determined by the Business Unit).

6.

Business entertainment may never be given or received in consideration of any business or transaction, or in connection with the purchase or sale of client securities or other investments.


Each Business Unit will implement procedures to assess and consider relevant factors when determining if approval should be granted in the circumstances requiring prior approval.  For example, factors may include the purpose of the meeting, the nature of the event being conducive to conversation, the exclusivity of the event, the frequency of interaction with the business contact and whether T. Rowe Price or the Associate should be bearing some portion or all of the associated cost.






Post-Event Approval

In certain situations, an Associate may not be able to ascertain the cost of an event until after its conclusion, such as business dinners. In the event the business entertainment was expected to be within these reporting thresholds (e.g., less than US$250 per person) but unexpectedly exceeds them, the Associate must promptly report such entertainment to his/her Manager for further discussion. In these limited circumstances and after review by the Associates Manager, post-event approval by a Region/Segment Head or Business Unit Head (as determined by the Business Unit) will be considered to be in compliance with this policy.


Transportation and Lodging

Generally, the cost of transportation and lodging expenses associated with business entertainment should be borne by the party using the transportation or lodging.  Ordinary ground transportation such as a taxi ride or a courtesy shuttle is not subject to this restriction.    


Active RFPs/Business Transactions

Associates may not entertain key decision makers of a vendor, prospect or current client (or their lead manager consultant) with an active RFP or where material negotiations of specific business or transactions are taking place.  Key decision makers are those individuals who have significant influence on the decision related to the RFP or transaction which would include an ERISA plan fiduciary representative.  However, meals closely associated with substantive business meetings (i.e., plan reviews, due diligence visits, investment reviews, educational sessions) are permitted.  


Large-Scale Events

The cost-per-individual at an event (e.g., industry conference, vendor user conference, investor relations event) is not counted towards US$250 prior approval threshold provided that the conference has a reasonable relationship to the duties of the attending Associate(s) and the expenses for attendance are reasonable in light of the benefits afforded to the firm by such attendance.   Associates should keep in mind that if there are separate excursions or other entertainment connected with the large-scale event (e.g., golf outings, boating trips, etc.) then the reporting and prior clearance requirements will apply to these separate events.


Calculation of Value

Business entertainment should be valued at the cost paid by the giver.  Associates and Managers should be mindful that if the market value of an event is materially greater than the cost, consultation with the Legal Department may be appropriate to determine if another value should be used.


Jurisdictions and Specific Requirements


In addition to the general gift and entertainment rules in this policy, certain jurisdictions or regulators may impose restrictions that are more stringent than the general provisions of this policy. Associates that work in a jurisdiction outside of their primary office jurisdiction are subject to the rules of the jurisdiction with the higher standards. The following sets forth a summary of those restrictions.


TRPIL and Its European Subsidiaries Associates: UK FCA Inducements Rules and Guidance



 

 



The FCA Conduct of Business rules requires that gifts and entertainment provided or received must not impair our ability to act in the best interests of our clients. Guidance issued by the FCA notes that business entertainment in the form of sporting events or other social events may not be considered as capable of enhancing the quality of service to clients as they may either not be conducive to business discussions or the discussions could better take place without these activities.  The following additional policy requirements apply to T. Rowe Price International Ltd (TRPIL) and its European subsidiaries:


Business Entertainment:  All non-meal business entertainment provided or received, regardless of value, and regardless of whether it is provided by a broker-dealer or to or from other third-party business contacts, requires prior approval by the associates manager and must be reported. T. Rowe Price (or in some cases, the associate) will pay or reimburse the donor for such reported business entertainment.


In determining approval, the associates manager must consider whether the non-meal entertainment is capable of enhancing the quality of service to the client. Spectating at a sporting event or attending a concert or the theatre will not generally be considered to enhance the quality of service to the client and cannot generally therefore be accepted from or given to a third party. Participatory events such as a round of golf may be acceptable upon demonstration by the associate that the event is both conducive to business discussions and ultimately benefits our client. The approval must be clearly documented.


While the reimbursement to the business contact (by T. Rowe Price or the associate) removes the key inducement, there is possibly an intrinsic value in the invitation to an event in that it may not be available to the general public due to its popularity, the associate must be able to clearly demonstrate that the full market value is reimbursed to the business contact in order for their manager to approve.


U.S. - ERISA Covered Plans: US$250 Annual Limit  

In accordance with guidance from the U.S. Department of Labor, the annual limit in this policy on gifts and business entertainment provided to an ERISA plan fiduciary representative (including plan advisers serving in a fiduciary capacity) is US$250.  All gifts and business entertainment provided to a fiduciary business contact count towards this US$250 annual limit and must be prior approved by the Associates Manager or Region/Segment Head (as determined by the Business Unit) to help ensure the annual limit is not exceeded, except as provided below. Note that all gifts and business entertainment provided to a fiduciary business contact are subject to this policys reporting and prior clearance rules, even if not counted towards the US$250 annual limit.


1.

Meals provided by Associates to fiduciary business contacts at educational conferences, including T. Rowe Price hosted conferences; do not count towards the US$250 annual limit.


2.

Meals and entertainment provided at educational conferences hosted by T. Rowe Price do not count towards the US$250 annual unit.  Note that fiduciary business contacts may be subject to rules pertaining to their acceptance of meals and entertainment at such events. Consult with the Compliance Manager/SME within your business unit to determine your business unit guidelines for reminding recipients of these rules.


3.   Meals provided to fiduciary business contacts and closely associated with substantive business meetings (e.g., plan reviews, due diligence visits, investment reviews, educational sessions) do not count towards the US$250 annual limit.


4.

Expenses for ordinary ground transportation such as taxi ride or courtesy shuttle that are closely associated with a substantive business meeting or an educational conference do not count towards the US$250 annual limit.  Transportation expenses associated with relationship-building and other forms of entertainment would count towards the US$250 annual limit.


5.

Items of nominal value given to fiduciary business contacts are not subject to this policys reporting requirements and do not count towards the US$250 annual limit. Generally, items that are less than US$10 are deemed to have nominal value. For the avoidance of doubt, any item that has a value greater than US$10, including items with a corporate logo permanently affixed, count towards the US$250 annual limit and must be reported.


6.

Meals and entertainment provided by a Business Unit Head to a fiduciary business contact for purposes of obtaining market intelligence (and not to support sales activity) do not count towards the US$250 annual limit.


Note that all gifts, business entertainment, and meals given to or attended by guests of the fiduciary business contact(s) (including in the context of an educational conference) count towards the US$250 annual limit for the fiduciary and are subject to this policys reporting and prior clearance rules.  


Providing services or support (including some types of marketing support) to an ERISA plan fiduciary may be considered a gift. Consult with the Compliance Manager/SME within your business unit for assistance in evaluating whether such services or support would be subject to this policy.


Country and U.S. State Specific Requirements

Countries and U.S. states may adopt rules that govern the provision of gifts and business entertainment.  Such rules may impose strict dollar limits or prohibitions on providing gifts and business entertainment which may be more restrictive than this policy. Additionally, these rules may impose increased reporting requirements on Associates.  The Legal Department will work with business units to inform them of these jurisdictions specific rules.


Reporting  


It is ultimately the Associates responsibility to properly report gifts and business entertainment, whether given or received, in accordance with each business units reporting procedures.  All gifts must be reported within ten business days.  All business entertainment must be reported promptly.   


All gifts and business entertainment reports will be available for review by Legal & Compliance, including International Compliance, in conjunction with their responsibility to oversee our firm-wide compliance.


The U.S. Department of Labor has established strict gift and entertainment reporting rules relative to ERISA clients.  All gifts and business entertainment of US$10 or more accepted from, provided to, or in relation to ERISA clients should be reported under the Associates business units procedures.  



3-5



 

Chair of the Ethics Committee

Special circumstances may arise that would require the review of the Chair of the Ethics Committee and may result in exceptions being granted to part or all of this policy.






T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

STATEMENT OF POLICY

ON

MATERIAL, INSIDE (NON-PUBLIC) INFORMATION


Policy of Price Group on Insider Trading.  It is the policy of Price Group and its affiliates to forbid any of their officers, directors, employees, or other personnel (e.g., consultants) while in possession of material, non-public information, from trading securities or recommending transactions, either personally or in their proprietary accounts or on behalf of others (including mutual funds and private accounts) or communicating material, non-public information to others in violation of securities laws of the U.S., the UK, or any other country that has jurisdiction over its activities.  Material, non-public information includes not only certain information about issuers, but also certain information about T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and its operating subsidiaries as well as information pertaining to Price Funds, Price ETFs, and other clients.


Purpose of Statement of Policy.  As a global firm, Price Group is subject to a wide array of laws and regulations that prohibit the misuse of inside information.  The purpose of this Statement of Policy (Statement) is to describe and explain:  (i) the general legal prohibitions and sanctions regarding insider trading under U.S. and global regulations and how they are applicable across the firm globally; (ii) the meaning of the key concepts underlying the prohibitions; (iii) your obligations in the event you come into possession of material, non-public information; and (iv) the firms educational program regarding insider trading.  Additionally, the U.S. Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act (Act) requires Price Group to establish, maintain, and enforce written procedures designed to prevent insider trading.


Many jurisdictions, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, Australia and most European countries, have laws and regulations prohibiting the misuse of inside information.  While this Statement does not make specific reference to these laws and regulations, the Statement provides general guidance regarding appropriate activities that is applicable to all employees globally.  There is, however, no substitute for knowledge of local laws and regulations. Employees are expected to understand the relevant local requirements where they work and comply with them.  Any questions regarding the laws or regulations of any jurisdiction should be directed to the Legal & Compliance Department or the TRP International Compliance Team.


The Basic Insider Trading Prohibition.  The insider trading doctrine under U.S. securities laws generally prohibits any person (including investment advisers) from:


·

Trading in a security while in possession of material, non-public information regarding the issuer of the security;

·

Tipping such information to others;

·

Recommending the purchase or sale of securities while in possession of such information;

·

Assisting someone who is engaged in any of the above activities.


Thus, insider trading is not limited to insiders of the issuer whose securities are being traded.  It can also apply to non-insiders, such as investment analysts, portfolio managers, consultants and stockbrokers.  In addition, it is not limited to persons who trade.  It also covers persons who tip material, non-public information or recommend transactions in securities while in possession of such information.  A security includes not just equity securities, but any security (e.g., corporate and municipal debt securities, including securities issued by the federal government).


Need to Know Policy.  All information regarding planned, prospective or ongoing securities transactions must be treated as confidential.  Such information must be confined, even within the firm, to only those individuals and departments that must have such information in order for the respective entity to carry out its engagement properly and effectively. Ordinarily, these prohibitions will restrict information to only those persons who are involved in the matter.


Transactions Involving Price Group Stock.  You are reminded that you are an insider with respect to Price Group since Price Group is a public company and its stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock market.  It is therefore important that you not discuss with family, friends or other persons any matter concerning Price Group that might involve material, non-public information, whether favorable or unfavorable.  You are prohibited from trading Price Group stock (TROW) if you are privy to material, non-public information.


Sanctions.  Penalties for trading on material, non-public information are severe, both for the individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and for their firms.  A person or entity that violates the insider trading laws can be subject to some or all of the penalties described below, even if he/she/it does not personally benefit from the violation:


·

Injunctions;

·

Treble damages;

·

Disgorgement of profits;

·

Criminal fines;

·

Jail sentences;

·

Civil penalties for the person who committed the violation (which would, under normal circumstances, be the employee and not the firm); and

·

Civil penalties for the controlling entity (e.g., Price Associates) and other persons, such as managers and supervisors, who are deemed to be controlling persons.


In addition, any violation of this Statement can be expected to result in serious sanctions being imposed by Price Group, including dismissal of the person(s) involved.  The provisions of U.S. and UK law discussed below, and the laws of other jurisdictions are complex and wide ranging.  If you are in any doubt about how they affect you, you must consult the Legal & Compliance Department or the TRP International Compliance Team, as appropriate.


U.S LAW AND REGULATION REGARDING INSIDER TRADING PROHIBITIONS


Introduction.  Insider trading is a top enforcement priority of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  The Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act has far-reaching impact on all public companies and especially those engaged in the securities brokerage or investment advisory industries, including directors, executive officers and other controlling persons of such companies.  Specifically, the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act:


Written Procedures.  Requires SEC-registered brokers, dealers and investment advisers to establish, maintain and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information by such persons.

 

Penalties.  Imposes severe civil penalties on brokerage firms, investment advisers, their management and advisory personnel, and other controlling persons who fail to take adequate steps to prevent insider trading and illegal tipping by employees and other controlled persons.  Additionally, the Act contains substantial criminal penalties, including monetary fines and jail sentences.


Private Right of Action.  Establishes a statutory private right of action on behalf of contemporaneous traders against insider traders and their controlling persons.


Bounty Payments.  Authorizes the SEC to award bounty payments to persons who provide information leading to the successful prosecution of insider trading violations.  Bounty payments are at the discretion of the SEC but may not exceed 10 30% of the penalty imposed.


The Act has been supplemented by three SEC rules, 10b5-1, 10b5-2 and Fair Disclosure, which are discussed later in this Statement.


Basic Concepts of Insider Trading.  The four critical concepts under U.S. law in insider trading cases are: (1) fiduciary duty/misappropriation, (2) materiality, (3) non-public and (4) use/possession.  Each concept is discussed below.


Fiduciary Duty/Misappropriation.  In two decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court outlined when insider trading and tipping violate the federal securities law if the trading or tipping of the information results in a breach of duty of trust or confidence.


The concept of who constitutes an insider is broad.  It includes officers, directors, and employees of an issuer.  In addition, a person can be a temporary insider if he or she enters into a confidential relationship in the conduct of an issuers affairs and, as a result, is given access to information solely for the issuers purpose.  A temporary insider can include, among others, an issuers attorneys, accountants, consultants, and bank lending officers, as well as the employees of such organizations.  In addition, any person may become a temporary insider of an issuer if he or she advises the issuer or provides other services, provided the issuer expects such person to keep any material, non-public information confidential.


A typical breach of duty arises when an insider purchases securities of his or her corporation on the basis of material, non-public information.  Such conduct breaches a duty owed to the corporations shareholders.  The duty breached, however, need not be to shareholders to support liability for insider trading; it could also involve a breach of duty to a client, an employer, employees, or even a personal acquaintance.  For example, courts have held that if the insider receives a personal benefit (either direct or indirect) from the disclosure, such as a pecuniary gain or reputational benefit; that would be enough to find a fiduciary breach.


Court decisions have held that under a misappropriation theory, an outsider (such as an investment analyst) may be liable if he or she breaches a duty to anyone by: (1) obtaining information improperly, or (2) using information that was obtained properly for an improper purpose.  For example, if information is given to an analyst on a confidential basis and the analyst uses that information for trading purposes, liability could arise under the misappropriation theory.  Similarly, an analyst who trades in breach of a duty owed either to his or her employer or client may be liable under the misappropriation theory.  For example, the Supreme Court upheld the misappropriation theory when a lawyer received material, non-public information from a law partner who represented a client contemplating a tender offer, where that lawyer used the information to trade in the securities of the target company.


SEC Rule 10b5-2 provides a non-exclusive definition of circumstances in which a person has a duty of trust or confidence for purposes of the misappropriation theory of insider trading.  It states that a duty of trust or confidence exists in the following circumstances, among others:


(1)

Whenever a person agrees to maintain information in confidence;


(2)

Whenever the person communicating the material, nonpublic information and the person to whom it is communicated have a history, pattern, or practice of sharing confidences, that resulted in a reasonable expectation of confidentiality; or


(3)

Whenever a person receives or obtains material, non-public information from his or her spouse, parent, child, or sibling unless it is shown affirmatively, based on the facts and circumstances of that family relationship, that there was no reasonable expectation of confidentiality.


The situations in which a person can trade while in possession of material, non-public information without breaching a duty are so complex and uncertain that the only safe course is not to trade, tip or recommend securities while in possession of material, non-public information.


Materiality.  Insider trading restrictions arise only when the information that is used for trading, tipping or recommendations is material.  The information need not be so important that it would have changed an investors decision to buy or sell; rather, it is enough that it is the type of information on which reasonable investors rely in making purchase, sale, or hold decisions.


Resolving Close Cases.  The U.S. Supreme Court has held that, in close cases, doubts about whether or not information is material should be resolved in favor of a finding of materiality. You should also be aware that your judgment regarding materiality may be reviewed by a court or the SEC with the 20-20 vision of hindsight.

Effect on Market Price.  Any information that, upon disclosure, is likely to have a significant impact on the market price of a security should be considered material.

Future Events.  The materiality of facts relating to the possible occurrence of future events depends on the likelihood that the event will occur and the significance of the event if it does occur.


Illustrations.  The following list, though not exhaustive, illustrates the types of matters that might be considered material:  a joint venture, merger or acquisition; the declaration or omission of dividends; the acquisition or loss of a significant contract; a change in control or a significant change in management; a call of securities for redemption; the borrowing of a significant amount of funds; the purchase or sale of a significant asset; a significant change in capital investment plans; a significant labor dispute or disputes with subcontractors or suppliers; an event requiring an issuer to file a current report on Form 8-K with the SEC; establishment of a program to make purchases of the issuers own shares; a tender offer for another issuers securities; an event of technical default or default on interest and/or principal payments; advance knowledge of an upcoming publication that is expected to affect the market price of the stock.



 



Illustrations for the STA ETFs.  The STA ETF Exemptive Relief provides that, because (unlike traditional ETFs) the STA ETFs do not disclose portfolio holdings daily, the selective disclosure of material nonpublic information, including information other than portfolio information, would be more likely to provide an unfair advantage to the recipient than in other ETFs. Non-public information that could be material to the STA ETFs includes, but is not limited to, current holdings information, investment decisions, and any potential arbitrage deficiencies that could necessitate Board-directed corrective action.  This is not an exhaustive list.


Non-Public vs. Public Information.  Any information that is not public is deemed to be non-public.  Just as an investor is permitted to trade on the basis of information that is not material, he or she may also trade on the basis of information that is public.  Information is considered public if it has been disseminated in a manner making it available to investors generally.  An example of non-public information would include information provided to a select group of analysts but not made available to the investment community at large.  Set forth below are a number of ways in which non-public information may be made public.


Disclosure to News Services and National Papers.  The U.S. stock exchanges require exchange-traded issuers to disseminate material, non-public information about their company to: (1) the national business and financial newswire services (e.g. Bloomberg, Thomson Reuters, etc.); (2) the national service (Associated Press); and (3) The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal.


Local Disclosure.  An announcement by an issuer in a local newspaper might be sufficient for an issuer that is only locally traded but might not be sufficient for an issuer that has a national market.


Information in SEC Reports.  Information contained in reports filed with the SEC will be deemed to be public.


If Price Group is in possession of material, non-public information with respect to a security before such information is disseminated to the public (i.e., such as being disclosed in one of the public media described above), Price Group and its personnel must wait a sufficient period of time after the information is first publicly released before trading or initiating transactions to allow the information to be fully disseminated.  Price Group may also follow Information Barrier procedures, as described on page 4-9 of this Statement.


Concept of Use/Possession.  It is important to note that the SEC takes the position that the law regarding insider trading prohibits any person from trading in a security in violation of a duty of trust and confidence while in possession of material, non-public information regarding the security.  This is in contrast to trading on the basis of the material, non-public information.  To illustrate the problems created by the use of the possession standard, as opposed to the caused standard, the following three examples are provided:


First, if the investment committee to a Price mutual fund were to obtain material, non-public information about one of its portfolio companies from a Price equity research analyst, that fund would be prohibited from trading in the securities to which that information relates.  The prohibition would last until the information is no longer material or non-public.


Second, if the investment committee to a Price mutual fund obtained material, non-public information about a particular portfolio security but continued to trade in that security, then the committee members, the applicable Price Adviser, and possibly management personnel might be liable for insider trading violations.


Third, even if the investment committee to the Fund does not come into possession of the material, non-public information known to the equity research analyst, if it trades in the security, it may have a difficult burden of proving to the SEC or to a court that it was not in possession of such information.


The SEC has expressed its view about the concept of trading on the basis of material, non-public information in Rule 10b5-1.  Under Rule 10b5-1, and subject to the affirmative defenses contained in the rule, a purchase or sale of a security of an issuer is on the basis material non-public information about that security or issuer if the person making the purchase or sale was aware of the material, non-public information when the person made the purchase or sale.


A persons purchase or sale is not on the basis of material, non-public information if he or she demonstrates that:


(A)

 Before becoming aware of the information, the person had:


(1)

Entered into a binding contract to purchase or sell the security;

(2)

Instructed another person to purchase or sell the security for the instructing persons account, or

(3)

Adopted a written plan for trading securities.


When a contract, instruction or plan is relied upon under this rule, it must meet detailed criteria set forth in Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) and (C).


Under Rule 10b5-1, a person other than a natural person (e.g., one of the Price Advisers) may also demonstrate that a purchase or sale of securities is not on the basis of material, non-public information if it demonstrates that:


·

The individual making the investment decision on behalf of the person to purchase or sell the securities was not aware of the information; and


·

The person had implemented reasonable policies and procedures, taking into consideration the nature of the persons business, to ensure that individuals making investment decisions would not violate the laws prohibiting trading on the basis of material, non-public information.  These policies and procedures may include those that restrict any purchase, sale, and causing any purchase or sale of any security as to which the person has material, non-public information, or those that prevent such individuals from becoming aware of such information.


Tender Offers.  Tender offers are subject to particularly strict regulation under the securities laws.  Specifically, trading in securities that are the subject of an actual or impending tender offer by a person who is in possession of material, non-public information relating to the offer is illegal, regardless of whether there was a breach of fiduciary duty.  Under no circumstances should you



 



trade in securities while in possession of material, non-public information regarding a potential tender offer.


Selective Disclosure of Material, Non-Public Information by Public Companies.  The SEC has adopted Regulation FD to prohibit certain issuers from selectively disclosing material, non-public information to certain persons who would be expected to trade on it.  The rule applies only to publicly traded domestic (U.S.) companies, not to foreign government or foreign private issuers.


Under this rule, whenever:


·

An issuer, or person acting on its behalf,

·

Discloses material, non-public information,

·

To securities professionals, institutional investors, broker-dealers, and holders of the issuers securities,

·

The issuer must make public disclosure of that same information,

·

Simultaneously (for intentional disclosures), or

·

Promptly within 24 hours after knowledge of the disclosure by a senior official (for non-intentional disclosures)


Regulation FD does not apply to all of the issuers employees; rather only communication by an issuers senior management (executive officers and directors), its investor relations professionals, and others who regularly communicate with market professionals and security holders are covered.  Certain recipients of information are also excluded from the rules coverage, including persons who are subject to a confidentiality agreement, credit rating agencies, and temporary insiders, such as the issuers lawyers, investment bankers, or accountants.


Selective Disclosure of Material, Non-Public Information Related to the STA ETFs.  

While Regulation Fair Disclosure (Regulation FD) does not directly apply to registered open-end funds, it is applicable to the STA ETFs  pursuant to the STA ETF Exemptive Relief.  The STA ETF Exemptive Relief requires each STA ETF and each person acting on behalf of an STA ETF to comply with and agree to be subject to the requirements of Regulation FD as if it applied to them.  In order to align with these requirements, the STA ETFs will comply with the Policy and Procedure for Release of Material Non-Pubic Information Related to the Semi-Transparent ETFs, as well as the T. Rowe Price Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds Portfolio Information Release Policy with respect to the frequency and timing of dissemination of information to the T. Rowe Price website. If  T. Rowe Price employees acting on behalf of the STA ETFs selectively disclose MNPI related to a STA ETF to an external party (other than a service provider subject to confidentiality agreement as described below), the STA ETF must comply with Regulation FD by promptly issuing a press release or otherwise publicly releasing the information just disclosed on a selective basis through a recognized channel of distribution.  


Expert Network Services.  Expert networks may be used by approved investment staff to supplement the investment process.  Expert networks provide investors with access to individuals having a particular expertise or specialization, such as industry consultants, vendors, doctors, attorneys, suppliers, or past executives of particular companies.  Expert network services can be an important component of the investment research process, and Price Group has implemented various controls to govern these interactions.  A strict approval process is in place for utilizing a



 



new expert network service.  Also, a reporting and oversight process exists in the Equity Division to ensure that the services are being used properly by only appropriate investment staff.


Information Regarding Price Group.


The illustrations of material information found on page 4-4 of this Statement are equally applicable to Price Group as a public company and should serve as examples of the types of matters that you should not discuss with persons outside the firm.  Remember, even though you may have not intent to violate any federal securities law, an offhand comment to a friend might be used unbeknownst to you by such friend to effect purchases or sales of Price Group stock.  If such transactions were discovered and your friend was prosecuted, your status as an informant or tipper would directly involve you in the case.  If you have concerns or questions about whether certain information constitutes material, non-public information pertaining to Price Group you should contact the Legal & Compliance Department.


Information Regarding T. Rowe Price Funds, Price ETFs, and Subadvised Funds.


Employees who possess material, non-public information pertaining to a Price Fund, Price ETF, or subadvised fund are prohibited from trading in the shares of the fund.  Associates may obtain or possess information about significant portfolio activity of a fund, such as an unscheduled disbursement or receipt that is not reflected in the funds NAV, which could be regarded as material.  For example, an associate may learn of a significant tax refund or litigation recovery that a fund is entitled to but has not been entered as a receivable because the amount and timing are unknown.  Such information could constitute material, non-public information.  Information regarding future events that would not be expected to have a known impact on the funds NAV, such as a large subscription by an institutional shareholder or a change in the funds portfolio manager, while considered highly sensitive information (not to be shared with others outside of T. Rowe Price), would not typically constitute material, non-public information for these purposes.  If you have concerns or questions about whether certain information constitutes material, non-public information pertaining to a Price Fund, Price ETF, or subadvised fund you should contact the Legal & Compliance Department.


LAWS AND REGULATIONS REGARDING INSIDER TRADING PROHIBITIONS OUTSIDE THE U.S.


The jurisdictions outside the U.S. that regulate some T. Rowe Price entities have laws in this area that are based on principles similar to those of the U.S. described in this Statement.  If you comply with the Code, then you will comply with the requirements of these jurisdictions.  If you have any concerns about local requirements, please contact the TRP International Compliance Team or the Legal & Compliance Department.


PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN RECEIVING MATERIAL, NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION


Whenever you believe that you have or may have come into possession of material, non-public information, you should immediately contact the appropriate Legal & Compliance Department person or group and refrain from disclosing the information to anyone else, including persons within Price Group, unless specifically advised to the contrary.  The individual may not disclose the information or trade in the security until a determination is made by Legal & Compliance.  



 



U.S.-based personnel should contact the Legal & Compliance Department and international personnel should contact the International Compliance Team.  


Specifically, you may not:


·

Trade in securities to which the material, non-public information relates;

·

Disclose the information to others;

·

Recommend purchases or sales of the securities to which the information relates.


If it is determined that the information is material and non-public, the issuer will be placed on either:


·

A Restricted List (Restricted List) in order to prohibit trading in the security by both clients and Access Persons; or&

·

A Watch List (Watch List), which restricts the flow of the information to others within Price Group in order to allow the Price Advisers investment personnel to continue their ordinary investment activities.  This procedure is commonly referred to as an Information Barrier.


The Watch List is highly confidential and should, under no circumstances, be disseminated to anyone except authorized personnel in the Legal & Compliance Department and Code Compliance who are responsible for placing issuers on and monitoring trades in securities of issuers included on the Watch List.  As described below, if an individual on the TRP International Compliance Team believes that an issuer should be placed on the Watch List, he or she will contact Code Compliance.  Code Compliance will coordinate review of trading in the securities of that issuer with the TRP International Compliance Team as appropriate.


The person whose possession of or access to inside information has caused the inclusion of an issuer on the Watch List may never trade or recommend the trade of the securities of that issuer without the specific prior approval of the Legal & Compliance Department.


Price Group will maintain two separate Restricted Lists (effective July 1, 2022), one for TRPIM and one for all other T. Rowe Price advisers . There is an information barrier between TRPIM and all other advisers, so in certain instances, the lists may differ based on the information received by each respective adviser. All Access Person personal trading will be subject to the Restricted Lists of all T. Rowe Price advisers. The Restricted Lists are also highly confidential and should, under no circumstances, be disseminated to anyone outside Price Group.  Individuals with access to the Restricted Lists should not disclose its contents to anyone within Price Group who does not have a legitimate business need to know this information, including to Restricted Investment Personnel of the other T. Rowe Price Adviser.


Code Compliance will remove the issuer from the Watch List or relevant Restricted List when the information is no longer material or non-public.


Specific Procedures Relating to the Safeguarding of Inside Information.




 



To ensure the integrity of the Information Barrier, and the confidentiality of the Restricted Lists, it is important that you take the following steps to safeguard the confidentiality of material, non-public information:


·

Do not discuss confidential information in public places such as elevators, hallways or social gatherings;

·

To the extent practical, limit access to the areas of the firm where confidential information could be observed or overheard to employees with a business need for being in the area;

·

Avoid using speaker phones in areas where unauthorized persons may overhear conversations;

·

Where appropriate, maintain the confidentiality of client identities by using code names or numbers for confidential projects;

·

Exercise care to avoid placing documents containing confidential information in areas where they may be read by unauthorized persons and store such documents in secure locations when they are not in use;

·

Destroy copies of confidential documents no longer needed for a project.  However, Record Retention and Destruction guidelines should be reviewed before taking any action; and

·

Comply with the Price ETFs Information Barrier policy to safeguard non-public information.


ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES


Education Program.  While the probability of research analysts and portfolio managers being exposed to material, non-public information with respect to issuers considered for investment by clients is greater than that of other personnel, it is imperative that all personnel understand this Statement, particularly since the insider trading restrictions also apply to transactions in the stock of Price Group.


To ensure that all appropriate personnel are properly informed of and understand Price Groups policy with respect to insider trading, the following program has been adopted.


Initial Review and Training for New Personnel.  All new persons subject to the Code, which includes this Statement, will be given the Code at the time of their association and will be required to certify that they have read it.  In addition, each new employee is required to take web-based training promptly after his or her start date.


Revision of Statement.  All persons subject to the Code will be informed whenever this Statement is materially revised.


Annual Review.  All persons subject to the Code receive training on the Code annually.  


Acknowledgement of Compliance.  All persons subject to the Code will be asked to acknowledge their understanding of an adherence to the Code, including this Statement, on at least an annual basis.


Questions.  If you have any questions with respect to the interpretation or application of this Statement, you are encouraged to discuss them with your immediate supervisor, the Legal & Compliance Department, or the TRP International Compliance Team as appropriate.




 



T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

STATEMENT OF POLICY

ON

SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS


BACKGROUND INFORMATION.


Legal Requirement.  In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988, and the various UK and other jurisdictions laws and regulations, Price Group, the mutual funds (Price Funds), and the exchange-traded funds (Price ETFs) which its affiliates manage, have adopted this Statement of Policy on Securities Transactions (Statement).


Price Advisers Fiduciary Position.  As investment advisers, the Price Advisers are in a fiduciary position which requires them to act with an eye only to the benefit of their clients, avoiding those situations which might place, or appear to place, the interests of the Price Advisers or their officers, directors and employees in conflict with the interests of clients.


Purpose of Statement of Policy.  The Statement was developed to help guide Price Groups employees and independent directors and the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs in the conduct of their personal investments and to:


·

Eliminate the possibility of a transaction occurring that the SEC or other regulatory bodies would view as inconsistent with our role as a fiduciary;

·

Avoid situations where it might appear that Price Group, Price Funds, or the Price ETFs or any of their officers, directors, employees, or other personnel had personally benefited at the expense of a client or fund shareholder or taken inappropriate advantage of their fiduciary positions; and

·

Prevent, as well as detect, the misuse of material, non-public information.


Price Groups,  Price Funds, and the Price ETFs reputations could be adversely affected as the result of even a single transaction considered questionable in light of the fiduciary duties of the Price Advisers and the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs.



QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STATEMENT.   Questions regarding the policy can be directed to Code Compliance (Code_of_Ethics@TRowePrice.com).











EXCESSIVE TRADING AND MARKET TIMING OF MUTUAL FUND SHARES.  The issue of excessive trading and market timing by mutual fund shareholders is a serious one and is not unique to T. Rowe Price.  Employees may not engage in trading of shares of a Price Fund that is inconsistent with the prospectus of that Fund.


Excessive or short-term trading in fund shares may disrupt management of a fund and raise its costs.  The Board of Directors/Trustees of the Price Funds have adopted a policy to deter excessive and short-term trading (the Policy), which applies to persons trading directly with T. Rowe Price and indirectly through intermediaries.  Under this Policy, T. Rowe Price may bar excessive and short-term traders from purchasing shares.


This Policy is set forth in each Funds prospectus, which governs all trading activity in the Fund regardless of whether you are holding T. Rowe Price Fund shares as a retail investor or through your T. Rowe Price U.S. Retirement Program account.


Although the Fund may issue a warning letter regarding excessive trading or market timing, any trade activity in violation of the Policy will also be reviewed by the Chief Compliance Officer, who will refer instances to the Ethics Committee as he or she feels appropriate.  The Ethics Committee, based on its review, may take disciplinary action, including suspension of trading privileges, forfeiture of profits or the amount of losses avoided, and termination of employment, as it deems appropriate.


Employees are also expected to abide by trading restrictions imposed by other funds as described in their prospectuses.  If you violate the trading restrictions of a non-Price Fund, the Ethics Committee may impose the same penalties available for violation of the Price Funds excessive trading Policy.


FRONT RUNNING.  Front Running is inconsistent with our responsibility to serve the interests of clients.  It is generally defined as the purchase or sale of a security by an officer, director or employee of an investment adviser or mutual fund in anticipation of and prior to the adviser effecting similar transactions for its clients in order to take advantage of or avoid changes in market prices affected by client transactions.


PERSONS SUBJECT TO STATEMENT.  The provisions of this Statement apply as described below to the following persons and entities.  Each person and entity (except the independent directors of Price Group) is classified as either an Access Person or a Non-Access Person as described below.  The provisions of this Statement may also apply to an Access Persons or Non-Access Persons spouse, minor children, and certain other relatives, as further described on page 5-4 of this Statement.  All Access Persons except the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs are subject to all provisions of this Statement except certain restrictions on purchases in initial public offerings that apply only to Investment Personnel.  The independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs are not subject to prior transaction clearance requirements and are subject to modified reporting as described on page 5-19.  Non-Access Persons are subject to the general principles of the Statement and its reporting requirements but are only required to receive prior transaction clearance for transactions in Price Group stock.  The persons and entities covered by this Statement are:







Price Group.  Price Group, each of its subsidiaries and affiliates, and their retirement plans.


Employee Partnerships.  Partnerships such as Pratt Street Ventures.


Personnel. Each officer, inside director and employee of Price Group and its subsidiaries and its affiliates.


Certain Contingent Workers.  These workers include:

·

All contingent workers whose assignments exceed four weeks or whose cumulative assignments exceed eight weeks over a twelve-month period and whose work is closely related to the ongoing work of Price Groups employees (versus project work that stands apart from ongoing work); and

·

Any contingent worker whose assignment is more than casual in nature or who will be exposed to the kinds of information and situations that would create conflicts on matters covered in the Code.


Exceptions must be approved by Code Compliance (Code_of_Ethics@TRowePrice.com)


Independent Directors of Price Group, Price Funds, and the Price ETFs.  The independent directors of Price Group include those directors of Price Group who are neither officers nor employees of Price Group or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.  The independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs include those directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs who are not deemed to be interested persons of Price Group.


Although subject to the general principles of this Statement, including the definition of beneficial ownership, independent directors are subject only to modified reporting requirements (pages 5-20 to 5-22).  The trades of the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs are not subject to prior transaction clearance requirements.  The trades of the independent directors of Price Group are not subject to prior transaction clearance requirements except for transactions in Price Group stock.


ACCESS PERSONS.  Certain persons and entities are classified as Access Persons under the Code.  The term Access Persons means:


·

The Price Advisers;

·

Any officer or director of any of the Price Advisers or the Price Funds, including the Price ETFs (except the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs);

·

Any person associated with any of the Price Advisers,  Price Funds, or the Price ETFs who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, obtains or has access to non-public information regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a Price Fund, Price ETF,  or other advisory client, or to non-public information regarding any securities holdings of any client of a Price Adviser, including the Price Funds and Price ETFs, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to the purchases or sales.


All Access Persons are notified of their status under the Code.  




 



Investment Personnel.  An Access Person is further identified as Investment Personnel if, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, he or she makes or participates in making, or is closely associated with personnel who make recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a Price Fund, Price ETF, or other advisory client.


The term Investment Personnel includes, but is not limited to:


·

Those employees who are authorized to make investment decisions or to recommend securities transactions on behalf of the firms clients (investment counselors and members of the mutual fund advisory committees);

·

Research and credit analysts;

·

Traders who assist in the investment process; and

·

Support staff who assist in the investment process.


All Investment Personnel are deemed Access Persons under the Code.  


NON-ACCESS PERSONS.  Persons who do not fall within the definition of Access Persons are deemed Non-Access Persons.  If a Non-Access Person is married to an Access Person, then the non-Access Person is deemed to be an Access Person.  


TRANSACTIONS SUBJECT TO STATEMENT.  Except as provided below, the provisions of this Statement apply to transactions that fall under either one of the following two conditions:


First, you are a beneficial owner of the security under the Rule 16a-1 of the Exchange Act, defined as follows; or


Second, if you control or direct securities trading for another person or entity, those trades are subject to this Statement even if you are not a beneficial owner of the securities.  For example, if you have an exercisable trading authorization (e.g., a power of attorney to direct transactions in another persons account) of an unrelated persons or entitys brokerage account, or are directing another persons or entitys trades, those transactions will usually be subject to this Statement to the same extent your personal trades would be as described below.


Definition of Beneficial Owner.  A beneficial owner is any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, has or shares in the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the security.  Being the beneficiary of an account, such as a 401(k) or securities account, does not necessarily mean a person is a beneficial owner unless one of the following conditions exists.


A person has beneficial ownership in:


·

Securities held by members of the persons immediate family (e.g. spouse, child, etc.) sharing the same household, although the presumption of beneficial ownership may be rebutted;

·

A persons interest in securities held by a trust, which may include both trustees with investment control and, in some instances, trust beneficiaries;

·

A persons right to acquire securities through the exercise or conversion of any derivative security, whether or not presently exercisable;

·



 



A general partners proportionate interest in the portfolio securities held by either a general or limited partnership;

·

Certain performance-related fees other than an asset-based fee, received by any broker, dealer, bank, insurance company, investment company, investment adviser, investment manager, trustee or person or entity performing a similar function; and

·

A persons right to dividends that are separated or separable from the underlying securities.  Otherwise, right to dividends alone shall not represent beneficial ownership in the securities.


A shareholder shall not be deemed to have beneficial ownership in the portfolio securities held by a corporation or similar entity in which the person owns securities if the shareholder is not a controlling shareholder of the entity and does not have or share investment control over the entitys portfolio.  If you become the beneficial owner of anothers securities (e.g., by marriage to the owner of the securities) or begin to direct trading of anothers securities, then the associated securities accounts become subject to the account reporting requirements outlined on page 5-16.  


Requests for Clarifications or Interpretations Regarding Beneficial Ownership or Control.  If you have beneficial ownership of a security, any transaction involving that security is presumed to be subject to the relevant requirements of this Statement, unless you have no direct or indirect influence or control over the transaction.  Such a situation may arise, for example, if you have delegated investment authority to an independent investment adviser or your spouse or family member (residing with you) has an independent trading program in which you have no input or control.  Similarly, if your spouse or family member has investment control over, but not beneficial ownership in, an unrelated account, the Statement may not apply to those securities and you may wish to seek clarification or an interpretation.


If you are involved in an investment account for a family situation, trust, partnership, corporation, etc., which you feel should not be subject to the Statements relevant prior transaction clearance and/or reporting requirements, you should submit a written request for clarification or interpretation to either Code Compliance (Code_of_Ethics@TRowePrice.com) or the TRP International Compliance Team.  Any such request for clarification or interpretations should name the account, your interest in the account, the persons or firms responsible for its management, and the specific facts of the situation.  Do not assume that the Statement is not applicable; you must receive a clarification or interpretation about the applicability of the Statement.  Clarifications and interpretations are not self-executing; you must receive a response to a request for clarification or interpretation directly from the Code Compliance Team or the TRP International Compliance Team before proceeding with the transaction or other action covered by this Statement.


PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS GENERALLY.  As described, certain transactions require prior clearance before execution.  Receiving prior transaction clearance does not relieve you from conducting your personal securities transactions in full compliance with the Code, including its prohibition on trading while in possession of material, inside information, and the 60-Day Rule, and with applicable law, including the prohibition on Front Running.


TRANSACTIONS IN STOCK OF PRICE GROUP.  Because Price Group is a public company, ownership of its stock subjects its officers, inside and independent directors, employees and all others subject to the Code to special legal requirements under the U.S. securities laws.  You are



5-4



responsible for your own compliance with these requirements.  In connection with these legal requirements, Price Group has adopted the following rules and procedures:


Independent Directors of Price Funds or Price ETFs.  The independent directors of the Price Funds or Price ETFs are prohibited from owning the stock or other securities of Price Group.


Quarterly Earnings Report.  Generally, all Access Persons and Non-Access Persons and the independent directors of Price Group must refrain from initiating transactions in Price Group stock in which they have a beneficial interest from the second trading day after quarter end (or such other date as management shall from time to time determine) through the day of filing the firms earnings release with the SEC.  You will be notified quarterly in regards to the controlling (blackout) dates.


Prior Transaction Clearance of Price Group Stock Transactions Generally.  Access Persons and Non-Access Persons and the independent directors of Price Group are required to obtain clearance prior to effecting any proposed transaction involving shares of Price Group stock owned beneficially, including any Price Group stock owned in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP).  Moving shares of Price Group stock (held outside of the ESPP) between securities firms or to/from individual or joint brokerage accounts  does not have to receive prior clearance. Prior clearance is required to transfer shares to another person, entity, or trust account.


Prior Transaction Clearance Procedures for Price Group Stock.  Requests for prior transaction clearance must be submitted to the myTRPcompliance system.


Gifts.  The giving of or receipt of Price Group stock (TROW) must be prior cleared.  This includes donation transactions into donor-advised funds such as T. Rowe Price Charitable, as well as any other charitable gifting.


Prohibition Regarding Transactions in Price Group Options.  Transactions in options (other than stock options granted to T. Rowe Price associates) on Price Group stock are not permitted.


Prohibition Regarding Short Sales of Price Group Stock.  Short sales of Price Group stock are not permitted.


Hedging Transactions in Price Group Stock.  Entering into any contract or purchasing any instrument designed to hedge or offset any decrease in the market value of Price Group stock is not permitted.


Applicability of 60-Day Rule to Price Group Stock Transactions.  Transactions in Price Group stock are subject to the 60-Day Rule except for transactions effected through the ESPP, the exercise of employee stock options granted by Price Group and the subsequent sale of the derivative shares, and shares obtained through an established dividend reinvestment program.  Refer to page 5-26 for a full description of the 60-Day Rule.


Only Price Group stock that has been held for at least 60 days may be gifted.  You must receive prior clearance before gifting shares of Price Group stock.  Purchases of Price



 



Group stock in the ESPP through payroll deduction are not considered in determining the applicability of the 60-Day Rule to market transactions in Price Group stock.  To avoid issues with the 60-day rule, shares may not be transferred out of or otherwise removed from the ESPP if the shares have been held for less than 60 days.


Access Persons and Non-Access Persons and the independent directors of Price Group must obtain prior transaction clearance of any transaction involving Price Group stock, (unless specifically exempted, such as transfers of form of ownership).


Initial Disclosure of Holdings of Price Group Stock.  Each new employee must report any shares of Price Group stock of which he or she has beneficial ownership no later than ten business days after his or her starting date.


Dividend Reinvestment Plans for Price Group Stock.  Purchases of Price Group stock owned outside of the ESPP and effected through a dividend reinvestment plan need not receive prior transaction clearance.  Reporting of transactions effected through that plan need only be made quarterly through statements provided to the Code Compliance Team or by the financial institution (e.g. broker-dealer) where the account is maintained, except in the case of employees who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, who must report such transactions immediately.


Effectiveness of Prior Clearance.  Prior transaction clearance of transactions in Price Group stock is effective for three business days from and including the date the clearance is granted (taking into consideration the time zone), unless (i) advised to the contrary by the Payroll and Stock Transaction Group prior to the proposed transaction, or (ii) the person receiving the clearance comes into possession of material, non-public information concerning the firm.  If the proposed transaction in Price Group stock is not executed within this time period, a new clearance must be obtained before the individual can execute the proposed transaction.


Reporting of Disposition of Proposed Transaction.  If the transaction request was executed, the Payroll & Stock Transaction Team will receive an electronic or paper confirmation of the transaction and your records will be updated accordingly.


Insider Reporting and Liability.  Under current SEC rules, certain officers, directors and 10% stockholders of a publicly traded company (Insiders) are subject to the requirements of Section 16.  Insiders include the directors and certain executive officers of Price Group.  The Payroll and Stock Transaction Group informs all those who are Insiders of their obligations under Section 16.


SEC Reporting.  There are three reporting forms which Insiders are required to file with the SEC to report their purchase, sale and transfer transactions in, and holdings of, Price Group stock.  Although the Payroll and Stock Transaction Group will provide assistance in complying with these requirements as an accommodation to Insiders, it remains the legal responsibility of each Insider to ensure that the applicable reports are filed in a timely manner.


·





Form 3.  The initial ownership report by an Insider is required to be filed on Form 3.  This report must be filed within ten days after a person becomes an Insider (i.e., is elected as a director or appointed as an executive officer) to report all current holdings of Price Group stock.  Following the election or appointment of an Insider, the Payroll and Stock Transaction Group will deliver to the Insider a Form 3 for appropriate signatures and will file the form electronically with the SEC.

·

Form 4.  Any change in the Insiders ownership of Price Group stock must be reported on a Form 4 unless eligible for deferred reporting on year-end Form 5.  The Form 4 must be filed electronically before the end of the second business day following the day on which a transaction resulting in a change in beneficial ownership has been executed.  Following receipt of the Notice of Disposition of the proposed transaction, the Payroll and Stock Transaction Group will deliver to the Insider a Form 4, as applicable, for appropriate signatures and will file the form electronically with the SEC.

·

Form 5.  Any transaction or holding that is exempt from reporting on Form 4, such as small purchases of stock, gifts, etc. may be reported electronically on a deferred basis on Form 5 within 45 calendar days after the end of the calendar year in which the transaction occurred.  No Form 5 is necessary if all transactions and holdings were previously reported on Form 4.


Liability for Short-Swing Profits.  Under the U.S. securities laws, profit realized by certain officers, as well as directors and 10% stockholders of a company (including Price Group) as a result of a purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) of stock of the company within a period of less than six months must be returned to the firm or its designated payee upon request.


PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS - ACCESS PERSONS.  


Access Persons must obtain prior transaction clearance (approval) before directly or indirectly initiating the purchase or sale of a security in an account in which the Access Person is a beneficial owner (page 5-4).  This includes the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security and the acquisition of any shares in an Automatic Investment Plan through a non-systematic investment.  Following are exceptions to the prior transaction clearance requirement:


·

The independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs are generally not required to receive prior transaction clearance so long as they have no knowledge of trades being transacted for the Price Funds or Price ETFs; and

·

Any Price Adviser is not required to receive prior transaction clearance when T. Rowe Price seed money is deployed to establish a client/product strategy.


Non-Access Persons are not required to obtain prior clearance before engaging in any securities transactions, except for transactions in Price Group stock.


Where required, prior transaction clearance must be obtained regardless of whether the transaction is affected through TRP Brokerage (generally available only to U.S. residents) or through an unaffiliated broker-dealer or other entity.  Please note that the prior clearance



 



procedures do not check compliance with the 60-Day Rule (page 5-266); you are responsible for ensuring your compliance with this rule.


TRANSACTIONS (OTHER THAN IN PRICE GROUP STOCK) THAT DO NOT REQUIRE EITHER PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE OR REPORTING UNLESS THEY OCCUR IN A REPORTABLE FUND.  The following transactions do not require either prior transaction clearance or reporting:


Mutual Funds and Variable Insurance Products.  The purchase or redemption of shares of any open-end investment companies and variable insurance products, except that Access Persons must report transactions in Reportable Funds (page 5-11).


Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferrable Securities (UCITS).  The purchase or redemption of shares in an open-ended European investment fund established in accordance with the UCITS Directive provided that a Price Adviser does not serve as an adviser to the fund.


Automatic Investment Plans.  Transactions through a program in which regular periodic purchases or withdrawals are made automatically in or from investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation.  However, the initial automatic investment does require prior clearance.  An Access Person must report any securities owned as a result of transactions in an Automatic Investment Plan on his or her Annual Report.  Any transaction that overrides the pre-set schedule or allocations of an automatic investment plan (a non-systematic transaction) must be reported by both Access Persons and non-Access Persons and Access Persons must also receive prior transaction clearance for such a transaction if the transaction would otherwise require prior transaction clearance.


Donor-Advised Funds.  Transactions within donor-advised funds, such as

T. Rowe Price Charitable, do not require prior clearance or reporting.  However, a gift of Price Group stock into a donor-advised fund is required to be prior cleared and reported.


U.S Government Obligations.  Purchases or sales of direct obligations of the U.S Government.


Commercial Paper and Similar Instruments.  Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high-quality, short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements.


Certain Unit Investment Trusts.  Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, if none of the underlying funds is a Reportable Fund.


Currency.  Direct foreign currency transactions (spot and forward trades) in the Japanese Yen or British Pound, for example.  However, securitized or financial instruments used for currency exposure (e.g. ProShares Ultra Yen ETF), must be reported.



 



Cryptocurrency.  Transactions in cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., do not require prior clearance or reporting.  However, transactions in any publicly traded cryptocurrency tracker instrument would require prior clearance and reporting.  Participation in Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) is prohibited.  


TRANSACTIONS (OTHER THAN PRICE GROUP STOCK) THAT DO NOT REQUIRE PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE BUT MUST BE REPORTED BY BOTH ACCESS PERSONS AND NON-ACCESS PERSONS.  The following transactions do not require prior transaction clearance but must be reported:


Non-T. Rowe Price Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs).  Transactions in non-T. Rowe Price ETFs, including non-T. Rowe Price ETFs authorized as UCITS, do not require prior clearance but must be reported.  Access Persons are prohibited to transact in inverse/short and narrow ETFs. Short sale transactions in long and narrow ETFs is also prohibited. Access Persons are responsible for their compliance to these two prohibitions.  Contact the Code Compliance Team regarding any uncertainty in contemplated ETF transactions. Narrow ETFs include, but are not limited to, those focused on specific industries (e.g. energy, healthcare, financial services, etc.), commodities, currencies, and specific geographical markets (e.g. countries or regions).


Unit Investment Trusts.  Purchases or sales of shares in unit investment trusts registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, unless the unit investment trust is an ETF, in which case the ETF protocols apply.


National Government Obligations (other than U.S.).  Purchases or sales of direct obligations of national (non-U.S.) governments.


Variable Rate Demand Notes.  This financial instrument is an unsecured debt obligation of a corporate entity.  These instruments generally pay a floating interest rate slightly above the prevailing money market rates and include check-writing capabilities.  It is not a money market fund nor is it equivalent to a bank deposit or bank account, therefore the instrument is not protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation or Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.


Pro Rata Distributions.  Purchases effected by the exercise of rights issued pro-rata to all holders of a class of securities or the sale of rights so received.


Tender Offers. Purchases and sales of securities pursuant to a mandatory (e.g., the holder has no choice or elections regarding the offer) tender offer.  Merger elections, however, that presents holders of acquired securities, with exchange options that typically include cash or securities of the acquiring company and/or a combination thereof, must be prior cleared.


Exercise of Stock Option of Corporate Employer by Spouse.  Transactions involving the exercise by an Access Persons spouse of a stock option issued by the corporation employing the spouse.  However, a subsequent sale of the stock obtained by means of the exercise, including sales effected by a cash-less transactions, must receive prior transaction clearance.




 



Restricted Stock Plan Automatic Sales for Tax Purposes by Spouse.  Transactions commonly called net sales whereby upon vesting of restricted shares, a portion of the shares are automatically sold in order to cover the tax obligation.


Inheritances.  The acquisition of securities through inheritance.


Gifts.  The giving of or receipt of a security as a gift.  However, a gift of or receipt of Price Group stock must be prior cleared.


Stock Splits, Reverse Stock Splits, and Similar Acquisitions and Dispositions.  The mandatory acquisition of additional shares or the disposition of existing corporate holdings through stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends, exercise of rights, exchange or conversion.  Reporting of such transactions must be made within 30 days of the end of the quarter in which they occurred.  Reporting is deemed to have been made if the acquisition or disposition is reported on a confirmation, statement or similar document sent to Code Compliance.


Spousal Employee-Sponsored Payroll Deduction Plans.  Purchases, but not sales, by an Access Persons spouse pursuant to an employee-sponsored payroll deduction plan (e.g., a 401(k) plan or employee stock purchase plan), provided the Code Compliance Section has been previously notified by the Access Person that the spouse will be participating in the payroll deduction plan.  Reporting of such transactions must be made within 30 days of the end of the quarter in which they occurred.  A sale or exchange of stock held in such a plan is subject to the prior transaction clearance requirements for Access Persons.


Partial Shares Sold.  Partial shares held in an account that are sold when the account is transferred to another broker-dealer or to new owner or partial shares sold automatically by the broker-dealer.


TRANSACTIONS (OTHER THAN PRICE GROUP STOCK) THAT DO NOT REQUIRE PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE BUT MUST BE REPORTED BY ACCESS PERSONS ONLY.


Reportable TRP-Advised Funds (Reportable Funds) Not Held On A T. Rowe Price Platform.  Access Persons must report the purchases and sales of shares of Reportable Funds. A Reportable Fund is any open-end investment company, including money market funds and UCITS, for which any of the Price Advisers serves as an investment adviser.  This includes not only the Price Funds, non-Price ETFs, SICAVs, OEICs, ITMs, AUTs, and any Price-advised investment products, but also any fund managed by any of the Price Advisers either through subadvised relationships, including any fund holdings offered through retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans) other than the T. Rowe Price U.S. Retirement Plan, or as an investment option offered as part of a variable annuity.  Legal & Compliance maintains a listing of subadvised Reportable Funds on the TRP Exchange.


Access Persons must inform the Code Compliance Team about ownership of shares of Price Funds.  Once this notification has been given, if the Price Fund is held on the T. Rowe Price platform, or in the T. Rowe Price U.S. Retirement Plan, or the T. Rowe Price UK Retirement Schema, the Access Person need not report these transactions directly.  In



 



instances where Price Funds are held through an intermediary, transactions in shares of those Price Funds must be reported as described on page 5-18.


Interests in Section 529 College Savings Plans not held on the T. Rowe Price Platform.  Access Persons must report the purchase and sale of interests in any Section 529 College Savings Plan for which any Price Adviser serves as an adviser or subadviser to the plan.  Access Persons must inform the Code Compliance Team about ownership of interests in the Maryland College Investment Plan, the T. Rowe Price College Savings Plan and the University of Alaska College Savings Plan.  For these specific plans only, once this notification has been given, an Access Person need not report transactions directly (page 5-18).  In instances where ownership interests in 529 College Savings Plans that are advised or subadvised by a Price Adviser are held through an intermediary, transactions must be reported as described on page 5-18.


The Chief Compliance Officer or his or her designee reviews at a minimum the transaction reports for all securities required to be reported under the Advisers Act or the Investment Company Act for all employees, officers, and inside directors of Price Group and its affiliates and for the independent directors of the Price Funds.


TRANSACTIONS THAT REQUIRE PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE BY ACCESS PERSONS.  Generally, Access Persons are required to obtain prior clearance for all buy and sell transactions in individual stocks, bonds, closed-end funds, private investments, and derivatives (e.g. options, swaps, futures, etc.) of these securities, as well as T. Rowe Price ETFs that you are considered to be the beneficial owner. If the transaction or security is not subject to prior transaction clearance, as outlined in this policy, you should assume that it is subject to the prior clearance requirement unless specifically informed otherwise by the Code Compliance Team or the TRP International Compliance Team.  


Among the transactions for which Access Persons must receive prior transaction clearance are:


·

Non-systematic transactions in a security that is not exempt from prior transaction clearance;

·

Close-end fund transactions, including U.K, Canadian, and other non-U.S. investment trusts.

·

Price ETFs (See the chart in the TRANSACTIONS IN PRICE ETFs.
















 



TRANSACTIONS IN PRICE ETFs. Guidelines specific to the Price ETFs are as follows:


Access Person

Non-Access Persons

Independent Directors

Must Pre-clear Trades in Price ETFs

YES

NO

NO

Must Post-report Trades in Price ETFs

YES

YES

YES

Subject to 60-day Rule

YES

NO

NO

Subject to Ad hoc Trading Restrictions

YES

NO

YES

Ability to Buy/Sell Price ETFs in the Primary Market

NO

NO

NO

Ability to Sell Short the Price ETFs

NO

NO

NO

Ability to Transact in Options of the Price ETFs

NO

NO

NO



OTHER TRANSACTION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.  Any transaction that is subject to the prior transaction clearance requirements on behalf of an Access Person (except the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs), including purchases in initial public offerings and private placement transactions, must be reported.  Although Non-Access Persons are not required to receive prior transaction clearance for securities transactions (other than Price Group stock), they must report any transaction that would require prior transaction clearance by an Access Person.  The independent directors of Price Group,  the Price Funds, and Price ETFs are subject to modified reporting requirements.


PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING PRIOR TRANSACTION CLEARANCE (OTHER THAN PRICE GROUP STOCK) FOR ACCESS PERSONS.  Unless prior transaction clearance is not required as described in this policy or determined by the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or their designee, Access Persons must receive prior transaction clearance for all securities transactions.


Access Persons should follow the procedures before engaging in the transactions described.  If an Access Person is not certain whether a proposed transaction is subject to the prior transaction clearance requirements, he or she should contact the Code Compliance Team before proceeding.





Procedures for Obtaining Prior Transaction Clearance for Initial Public Offerings (IPOs):


Non-Investment Personnel.  Access Persons who are not Investment Personnel (Non-Investment Personnel) may purchase securities that are the subject of an IPO only after receiving prior transaction clearance in writing from the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or their designee.  An IPO would include, for example, an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 when the issuer of the securities, immediately before the registration, was not subject to certain reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.  This requirement applies to all IPOs regardless of market.


In considering such a request for prior transaction clearance, the Chairperson or their designee will determine whether the proposed transaction presents a conflict of interest with any of the firms clients or otherwise violates the Code.  The Chairperson or his or her designee will also consider whether:


1.

The purchase is made through the Non-Investment Personnels regular broker;

2.

The number of shares to be purchased is commensurate with the normal size and activity of the Non-Investment Personnels account; and

3.

The transaction otherwise meets the requirements of the FINRA restrictions, as applicable, regarding the sale of a new issue to an account in which a restricted person, as defined in FINRA Rule 5130, has a beneficial interest.


Non-Investment Personnel will not be permitted to purchase shares in an IPO if any of the firms clients are prohibited from doing so because of affiliated transaction restrictions.  This prohibition will remain in effect until the firms clients have had the opportunity to purchase in the secondary market once the underwriting is completed commonly referred to as the aftermarket.  The 60-Day Rule applies to transactions in securities purchased in an IPO.


Investment Personnel.  Investment Personnel may not purchase securities in an IPO.


Non-Access Persons.  Although Non-Access Persons are not required to receive prior transaction clearance before purchasing shares in an IPO, any Non-Access Person who is a registered representative or associated person of Investment Services is reminded that FINRA Rule 5130 may restrict his or her ability to buy shares in a new issue in any market.


Procedures for Obtaining Prior Transaction Clearance for Private Placements:


Access Persons may not invest in a private placement of securities, including the purchase of limited partnership interests, unless prior transaction clearance in writing has been obtained from the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or their designee.  This prior clearance provision includes situations involving investment transactions made in small businesses typically sourced through family or friends as well as any other referral source.


A private placement is generally defined as an offering that is exempt from registration by a regulatory authority and sold through a private offering.  Private placement investments generally require the investor to complete a written questionnaire or subscription agreement and be regarded as a professional or accredited investor.


Crowdfunding.  Investments made through crowdfunding sites that serve to match entrepreneurs with investors, through which investors receive an equity stake in the business, are generally considered to be private placements and would require prior clearance.  In contrast, providing funding through crowdfunding sites that serve to fund projects or philanthropic ventures are not considered private placements and therefore would not require prior clearance.


If an Access Person has any questions about whether a transaction is, in fact, a private placement, he or she should contact the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or their designee.


In considering a request for prior transaction clearance for a private placement, the Chairperson will determine whether the investment opportunity (private placement) should be reserved for the firms clients, and whether the opportunity is being offered to the Access Person by virtue of his or her position with the firm.  The Chairperson will also secure, if appropriate, the approval of the proposed transaction from the chairperson of the applicable investment steering committee.  


Continuing Obligation.  An Access Person who has received prior transaction clearance to invest and does invest in a private placement of securities and who, at a later date, anticipates participating in the firms investment decision process regarding the purchase or sale of securities of the issuer of that private placement on behalf of any client, must immediately disclose his or her prior investment in the private placement to the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or their designee, and to the chairperson of the appropriate investment steering committee.


Registered representatives of Investment Services are reminded that FINRA rules may restrict investment in a private placement in certain circumstances.


Procedures for Obtaining Prior Transaction Clearance for All Other Securities Transactions:


Requests for prior transaction clearance by Access Persons for all other securities transactions requiring prior transaction clearance should generally be made via myTRPcompliance on the firms intranet.  The myTRPcompliance system automatically sends any request for prior transaction approval that requires manual intervention to the Code Compliance Team.  If you cannot access myTRPcompliance, requests may be made by email to the Legal Compliance Employee Trading mailbox.  All requests must include the name of the security, a definitive security identifier (e.g., CUSIP, ticker, or Sedol), the number of shares or amount of bond involved, and the nature of the transaction, i.e., whether the transaction is a purchase, sale, short sale, or buy to cover, as well as the intended account in which to transact. Responses to all requests will be made by myTRPcompliance or the Code Compliance Team, documenting the request and whether or not prior transaction clearance has been granted.  The myTRPcompliance system maintains the record of all approval and denials, whether automatic or manual.


Effectiveness of Prior Transaction Clearance.  Prior transaction clearance of a securities transaction is effective for three business days from and including the date the clearance is granted (taking into consideration the time zone), regardless of the time of day when clearance is granted.  If the proposed securities transaction is not executed within this time, a new clearance must be obtained.  For example, if prior transaction clearance is granted at 2:00 pm Monday, the trade must be executed by Wednesday.  In situations where it appears that the trade will not be executed within three business days even if the order is entered in that time period (e.g., certain transactions through transfer agents or spousal employee-sponsored payroll deduction plans), please notify the Code Compliance Team after prior clearance has been granted, but before entering the order with the executing agent.


Reminder.  If you are an Access Person and become the beneficial owner of anothers securities (e.g., by marriage to the owner of the securities) or begin to direct trading of anothers securities, then transactions in those securities also become subject to the prior transaction clearance requirements.  You must also report acquisition of beneficial ownership or control of these securities within ten business days of your knowledge of their existence.


REASONS FOR DISALLOWING ANY REQUESTED TRANSACTION.  Prior transaction clearance will usually not be granted if:


Pending Client Orders.  Orders have been placed by any of the Price Advisers to purchase or sell the security unless certain size or volume parameters as described (on page 5-24) under Large Issuer/Volume Transactions are met.


Purchases and Sales within Seven Calendar Days.  The security has been purchased or sold by any client of a Price Adviser within seven calendar days immediately prior to the date of the proposed transaction, unless certain size or volume parameters as described (on page 5-24) under Large Issuer/Volume Transactions are met.


For example, if a client transaction occurs on Monday, prior transaction clearance is not generally granted to An Access Person to purchase or sell that security until Tuesday of the following week.  Transactions in securities in pure, as opposed to enhanced, index funds are not considered for this purpose.  If all clients have eliminated their holdings in a particular security, the seven-calendar day restriction is not applicable to an Access Persons transactions in that security.


Company Rating Changes.  A change in the rating of a company has occurred within seven calendar days immediately prior to the date of the proposed transaction.  Accordingly, trading would not be permitted until the eighth calendar day.


Securities Subject to Internal Trading Restrictions.  The security is limited or restricted by any of the Price Advisers as to purchase or sale by Access Persons.


STA ETF Trading Restrictions.  In general, Access Persons and Independent Directors will be restricted/prohibited from transacting in any STA ETF upon notification that it surpasses one of the Corrective Action Thresholds triggering the requirement for an ad hoc ETF Board meeting to evaluate the possible need for corrective measures. Additional situations or events could trigger ad hoc trading restrictions for Access Persons and/or Independent Directors.




 



Requests for Reconsideration of Prior Transaction Clearance Denials.  If an Access Person has not been granted a requested prior transaction clearance, he or she may apply to the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or their designee for reconsideration.  Such a request must be in writing and must fully describe the basis upon which the reconsideration is being requested.  As part of the reconsideration process, the Chairperson or their designee will determine if any client of any of the Price Advisers may be disadvantaged by the proposed transaction by the Access Person.  The factors the Chairperson or their designee may consider in making this determination include:


·

The size of the proposed transaction;

·

The nature of the proposed transaction (i.e., buy or sell) and of any recent, current or pending client transactions;

·

The trading volume of the security that is the subject of the proposed Access Person transaction;

·

The existence of any current or pending order in the security for any client of a Price Adviser;

·

The reason the Access Person wants to trade (e.g., to provide funds for the purchase of a home); and

·

The number of times the Access Person has requested prior transaction clearance for the proposed trade and the amount of time elapsed between each prior transaction clearance request.


TRANSACTION CONFIRMATIONS AND PERIODIC ACCOUNT STATEMENTS.  All Access Persons (except the independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs) and Non-Access Persons must request broker-dealers, investment advisers, banks, or other financial institutions executing their transactions to send a duplicate confirmation or contract note with respect to each and every reportable transaction, including Price Group stock, and a copy of all periodic statements for all securities accounts in which the Access Person or Non-Access Person is considered to have beneficial ownership and/or control (see discussion of beneficial ownership and control concepts on page 5-4) to the following address:


T. Rowe Price

Legal & Compliance Department

Mailcode: OM-2455

P.O. Box 17218

Baltimore, Maryland 21297-1218  


T. Rowe Price has established relationships and electronic data feeds with many broker-dealers for purposes of obtaining duplicate confirmations and contract notes as well as periodic statements.  Certain broker-dealers require employee consent before sending such confirmations, contract notes, and statements to T. Rowe Price.  In those cases, Code Compliance will contact the employee and obtain the required authorization.


The independent directors of Price Group, the Price Funds, and Price ETFs are subject to modified reporting requirements described at pages 5-20 to 5-22.


If transaction or statement information is provided in a language other than English, the employee should provide an English translation.


NOTIFICATION OF SECURITIES ACCOUNTS.  All persons and all entities subject to this Statement must report their securities accounts upon joining the firm as well as obtain prior approval for all new accounts opened while employed by T. Rowe Price.  New T. Rowe Price brokerage accounts do not require prior approval but must be reported.  Prior approval is obtained through myTRPcompliance and an instruction for obtaining such approval is located on the Compliance & Ethics page on the Exchange


The independent directors of Price Group, Price Funds,  and the Price ETFs are not subject to this requirement.


New Personnel Subject to the Code.  A person subject to the Code must report in myTRPcompliance, all existing securities accounts maintained with any broker, dealer, investment adviser, bank or other financial institution within ten business days of association with the firm.


Associates do not have to report accounts at transfer agents or similar entities if the only securities in those accounts are variable insurance products or open-end mutual funds if these are the only types of securities that can be held or traded in the accounts.  If other securities can be held or traded, the accounts must be reported.  For example, if you have an account at a transfer agent that can only hold shares of a mutual fund; that account does not have to be reported.  If, however, you have a brokerage account it must be reported even if the only securities currently held or traded in it are mutual funds.


Officers, Directors and Registered Representatives of TRP Investment Services.  FINRA requires each associated person of T. Rowe Price Investment Services to:


·

Obtain prior approval for a new securities account; and

·

If the securities account is with a broker-dealer, provide the broker-dealer with written notice of his or her association with TRP Investment Services.


Annual Statement by Access Persons.  Every January each Access Person, except an Access Person who is an independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs, must file with the firm a list of their accounts as of year-end.


PROCEDURES FOR REPORTING TRANSACTIONS.  The following requirements apply both to Access Persons and Non-Access Persons except the independent directors of Price Group and the Price Funds or Price ETFs, who are subject to modified reporting requirements:


Report Form.  If the executing firm provides a confirmation, contract note or similar document directly to the firm, you do not need to make a further report.  The date this document is received by the Code Compliance Team will be deemed the date the report is submitted for purposes of SEC compliance.  The Code Compliance Team must receive the confirmation or similar document no later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction occurred.  


What Information Is Required.  Each transaction report must contain, at a minimum, the following information about each transaction involving a reportable security in which you had, or as a result of the transaction acquired, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership:


·

The date of the transaction

·

The title of the security

·

The ticker symbol or CUSIP number, as applicable

·

The interest rate and maturity date, as applicable

·

The number of shares, as applicable

·

The principal amount of each reportable security involved, as applicable

·

The nature of the transaction (i.e. purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition)

·

The price of the security at which the transaction was affected

·

The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was affected


When Reports are Due.  You must report a securities transaction within ten business days after the trade date or within ten business days after the date on which you first gain knowledge of the transaction (for example, a bequest) if this is later.  A transaction in a Reportable Fund, a spousal payroll deduction plan or a stock split or similar acquisition or disposition must be reported within 30 days of the end of the quarter in which it occurred.


Access Person Reporting of Reportable Funds and T. Rowe Price-Advised Section 529 College Savings Plan  Interests HELD on the T. Rowe Price Platform or HELD by the TRP UK Retirement Schema.  You are required to inform Code Compliance about Reportable Funds and/or T. Rowe Price-advised Section 529 College Savings Plan interests (i.e., the Maryland College Investment Plan, the T. Rowe Price College Savings Plan and the University of Alaska College Savings Plan) held on the T. Rowe Price Platform or held by the TRP UK Retirement Schema.   Once you have done this, you do not have to report any transactions in those securities.  Your transactions and holdings will be updated and reported automatically to Code Compliance on a periodic basis.  You should report your new account via myTRPcompliance (located on the Exchange) when you first establish an account in a Reportable Fund or invest in a T. Rowe Price-advised Section 529 College Savings Plan held on a T. Rowe Price Platform or held by the TRP UK Retirement Plan.


Access Person Reporting of Reportable Funds and T. Rowe Price-Advised Section 529 College Savings Plan Interests NOT HELD on the T. Rowe Price Platform.  You must notify Code Compliance of any Reportable Fund or T. Rowe Price-advised Section 529 College Savings Plan interests that you beneficially own or control that are held at any intermediary.  This would include, for example, a Price Fund held in your spouses retirement plan, even if T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services acts as the administrator or record-keeper of that plan.  Any transaction in a Reportable Fund or in interests in a T. Rowe Price-advised Section 529 College Savings Plan must be reported by duplicate transaction confirmations and statements sent directly by the intermediary to the Code Compliance Team or by the Access Person directly using the Securities Transactions form (located in myTRPcompliance) within 30 days of the end of the quarter in which the transaction occurred.


Reporting Certain Private Placement Transactions.  If your investment requires periodic capital calls (e.g., in a limited partnership) you must report each capital call.  This is required even if you are an Access Person and you received prior transaction clearance



 



for a total cumulative investment.  In addition, you must report any distributions you receive in the form of securities.


Reminder.  If you become the beneficial owner of anothers securities (e.g., by marriage to the owner of the securities) or begin to direct trading of anothers securities, the transactions in these securities become subject to the transaction reporting requirements.


REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE PRICE FUNDS AND PRICE ETFs.


Transactions in Publicly Traded Securities.  An independent director of the Price Funds and Price ETFs must report transactions in publicly traded securities where the independent director controls or directs such transactions.  These reporting requirements apply to transactions the independent director effects for his or her own beneficial ownership as well as the beneficial ownership of others, such as a spouse or other family member.  An independent director does not have to report securities transactions in accounts over which the independent director has no direct or indirect influence such as an account over which the independent director has granted full investment discretion to a financial adviser.  The independent director should contact the Legal & Compliance Department to request approval to exempt any such accounts from this reporting requirement.


Transactions in Non-Publicly Traded Securities.  An independent director does not have to report transactions in securities which are not traded on an exchange (i.e., non-publicly traded securities), unless the independent director knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as an  independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the independent directors transaction in such non-publicly traded security, a Price Adviser purchased, sold or considered purchasing or selling such security for a Price Fund, Price ETF, or Price advisory client.


Methods of Reporting.  An independent director has the option to satisfy his or her obligation to report transactions in securities via a Quarterly Report or by arranging for the executing brokers of such transactions to provide duplicate transaction confirmations directly to the Code Compliance Team.


Quarterly Reports.  If a Price Fund or Price ETF independent director elects to report his or her transactions quarterly: (1) a report for each securities transaction must be filed with the Code Compliance Team no later than thirty days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction was effected; and (2) a report must be filed for each quarter, regardless of whether there have been any reportable transactions.  


Duplicate Confirmation Reporting.  An independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs may also instruct his or her broker to send duplicate transaction confirmations directly to the Code Compliance Team.  


Among the types of transactions that are commonly not reported through a broker confirmation and may therefore have to be reported directly to T. Rowe Price are:


·

Exercise of Stock Options of a Corporate Employer;

·

Inheritance of a Security;

·

Gift of a Security; and

·

Transactions in Certain Commodity Futures Contracts (e.g., financial indices).


An independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs must include any transactions listed above, as applicable, in his or her Quarterly Reports if not otherwise contained in a duplicate broker confirmation.


Reporting of Officership, Directorship, General Partnership or Other Managerial Positions Apart from the Price Funds or Price ETFs.  An independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs shall report to the Code Compliance Team any officership, directorship, general partnership, or other managerial position which he or she holds with any public, private, or governmental issuer other than the Price Funds or Price ETFs.


Reporting of Significant Ownership.


Issuers (Other than Non-Public Investment partnerships, Pools or Funds).  If an independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs owns more than ½ of 1% of the total outstanding shares of a public or private issuer (other than a non-public investment partnership, pool or fund), he or she must immediately report this ownership in writing to the Code Compliance Team, providing the name of the issuer and the total number of the issuers shares beneficially owned.


Non-Public Investment Partnerships, Pools or Funds.  If an independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs owns more than ½ of 1% of the total outstanding shares or units of a non-public investment partnership, pool or fund over which the independent director exercises control or influence, the independent director must report such ownership in writing to the Code Compliance Team.  For non-public investment partnerships, pools or funds where the independent director does not exercise control or influence, the independent director need not report such ownership to the Code Compliance Section unless and until such ownership exceeds 4% of the total outstanding shares or units of the entity.


Investments in Price Group.  An independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs is prohibited from owning the common stock or other securities of Price Group.


Investments in Non-Listed Securities Firms.  An independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs may not purchase or sell the shares of a broker-dealer, underwriter or federally registered investment adviser unless that entity is traded on an exchange or the purchase or sale has otherwise been approved by the Price Fund or Price ETF Boards.


Dealing with Clients.  Aside from market transactions effected through securities exchanges, an independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs may not knowingly transact with a Price Fund or Price ETF.  This prohibition does not preclude the purchase or redemption of shares of any open-end mutual fund or purchase or sale of any shares of a Price ETF that is a client of any Price Advisers.


Prior Transaction Clearance Requirements.  The independent directors of the Price Funds and Price ETFs are generally not required to receive prior transaction clearance so long as they have no knowledge of trades being transacted for the Price Funds or Price ETFs.


REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF PRICE GROUP OR ITS SUBSIDIARIES.


Reporting of Personal Securities Transactions. An independent director is not required to report his or her personal securities transactions, including Price ETFs, (other than transactions in Price Group stock) as long as the independent director does not obtain information about the Price Advisers investment research, recommendations, or transactions.  However, each independent director is reminded that changes to certain information reported by the respective independent director in the Annual Questionnaire for Independent Directors are required to be reported to Corporate Records (e.g., changes in holdings of stock of financial institutions or financial institution holding companies).


Reporting of Officership, Directorship, General Partnership or Other Managerial Positions Apart from Price Group.  An independent director shall report to the Code Compliance Team any officership, directorship, general partnership or other managerial position which he or she holds with any public, private, or governmental issuer other than Price Group or any of its subsidiaries.


Reporting of Significant Ownership.


Issuers (Other than Non-Public Investment Partnerships, Pools or Funds).  If an independent director owns more than ½ of 1% of the total outstanding shares of a public or private issuer (other than a non-public investment partnership, pool or fund), he or she must report this ownership in writing to the Code Compliance Team, providing the name of the issuer and the total number of the issuers shares beneficially owned.


Non-Public Investment Partnerships, Pools or Funds.  If an independent director owns more than ½ of 1% of the total outstanding shares or units of a non-public investment partnership, pool or fund over which the independent director exercises control or influence, the independent director must report such ownership in writing to the Code Compliance Team.  For non-public investment partnerships, pools or funds where the independent director does not exercise control or influence, the independent director need not report such ownership to the Code Compliance Team unless and until such ownership exceeds 4% of the total outstanding shares or units of the entity.


Investments in Non-Listed Securities Firms.  An independent director should be mindful of potential conflicts of interest associated with transactions and/or ownership of a broker-dealer, underwriter or federally registered investment adviser that is not publicly traded.  Directors should consult with the T. Rowe Price Chief Legal Counsel regarding such matters.




 



MISCELLANEOUS RULES REGARDING PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS.  These rules vary in their applicability depending upon whether you are an Access Person.


The following rules apply to all Access Persons, except the independent directors of the Price Funds or Price ETFs, and to all Non-Access Persons:


Dealing with Clients.  Access Persons and Non-Access Persons may not, directly or indirectly, sell to or purchase from a client any security.  Market transactions are not subject to this restriction.  This prohibition does not preclude the purchase or redemption of shares of any open-end mutual fund that is a client of any of the Price Advisers and does not apply to transactions in a spousal employer-sponsored payroll deduction plan or spousal employer-sponsored stock option plan.


Investment Clubs.  These restrictions vary depending upon the persons status, as follows:


Non-Access Persons.  A Non-Access Person may form or participate in a stock or investment club without prior clearance from the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee (U.S.-based personnel) or the TRP International Compliance Team (international personnel).  Only transactions in Price Group stock are subject to prior transaction clearance.  Club transactions must be reported just as the Non-Access Persons individual trades are reported.


Access Persons.  An Access Person may not form or participate in a stock or investment club unless prior written clearance has been obtained from the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee (U.S.-based personnel) or the TRP International Compliance Team (international personnel).  Generally, transactions by such a stock or investment club in which an Access Person has beneficial ownership or control are subject to the same prior transaction clearance and reporting requirements applicable to an individual Access Persons trades.  If, however, the Access Person has beneficial ownership solely by virtue of his or her spouses participation in the club and has no investment control or input into decisions regarding the clubs securities transactions, the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee or the TRP International Compliance Team may, as appropriate as part of the prior clearance process, require the prior transaction clearance of Price Group stock transactions only.


Margin Accounts.  While margin accounts are discouraged, you may open and maintain margin accounts for the purchase of securities provided such accounts are with firms with which you maintain a regular securities account relationship.


Limit Orders.  While limit orders are permitted, Access Persons must be careful using good until cancelled orders keeping in mind that prior clearance is valid for three business days.  Use of day limit orders are encouraged.


Trading Activity.  You are discouraged from engaging in a pattern of securities transactions that either:


·

Is so excessively frequent as to potentially impact your ability to carry out your assigned responsibilities, or

·


 


Involves securities positions that are disproportionate to your net assets.


At the discretion of the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or their designee, written notification of excessive trading may be sent to you and/or the appropriate supervisor if ten or more reportable trades occur in your account or accounts in a month.


The following rules apply only to Access Persons other than the independent directors of the Price Funds or Price ETFs:


Large Issuer/Volume Transactions.  Although subject to prior transaction clearance, transactions involving securities of certain large issuers or of issuers with high trading volumes, within the parameters set by the Ethics Committee (the Large Issuer/Volume List), will be permitted under normal circumstances, as follows:


Transactions involving no more than U.S $50,000 (all amounts are in U.S. dollars) or the nearest round lot (even if the amount of the transaction marginally exceeds $50,000) per security per seven (7) calendar-day period in securities of:


·

Issuers with market capitalizations of $7.5 billion or more, or

·

U.S. issuers with an average daily trading volume in excess of 750,000 shares over the preceding 90 trading days in the U.S.


are usually permitted, unless the rating on the security has been changed within the seven calendar days immediately prior to the date of the proposed transaction.  These parameters are subject to change by the Ethics Committee.  An Access Person should be aware that if prior transaction clearance is granted for a specific number of shares lower than the number requested, the individual may not be able to receive permission to buy or sell additional shares of the issuer for the next seven calendar days.


Small Cap Issuer Transactions.  Although subject to prior transaction clearance, transactions involving securities of certain small cap issuers may not be approved if there was a ratings change or ratings initiation in the previous 14 calendar days.  Small cap issuers are defined as issuers with a market capitalization of $2.0 billion or less.


Transactions Involving Options on Large Issuer/Volume List Securities.  Access Persons may not purchase uncovered put options or sell uncovered call options unless otherwise permitted under the Options and Futures discussion that follows.  Otherwise, in the case of options on an individual security on the Large Issuer/Volume List (if it has not had a rating change), an Access Person may trade the greater of five contracts or sufficient option contracts to control $50,000 in the underlying security; thus an Access Person may trade five contracts even if this permits the Access Person to control more than $50,000 in the underlying security.  Similarly, the Access Person may trade more than five contracts as long as the number of contracts does not permit him or her to control more than $50,000 in the underlying security.


Client Limit Orders.  Although subject to prior transaction clearance, an Access Persons proposed trade in a security is usually permitted even if a limit order has been entered for a client for the same security, if:

·


 



The Access Persons trade will be entered as a market order; and

·

The clients limit order is 10% or more away from the market price at the time the Access Person requests prior transaction clearance.


General Information on Options and Futures.  If a transaction in the underlying instrument does not require prior transaction clearance (e.g., National Government Obligations, Unit Investment Trusts), then an options or futures transaction on the underlying instrument does not require prior transaction clearance.  However, all options and futures transactions, including options on future contracts, must be reported even if a transaction in the underlying instrument would not have to be reported (e.g., U.S. Government Obligations).  Similarly, all over the counter derivatives transactions (i.e., swaps traded pursuant to an ISDA agreement) must be reported even if the transaction in the underlying instrument would not have to be reported. Transactions in publicly traded options on Price Group stock are not permitted.  Please note that Contracts for Difference are treated under this Statement in the same manner as call options, and, as a result, are subject to the 60-Day Rule.


Before engaging in options and futures transactions, Access Persons should understand the impact that the 60-Day Rule and intervening client transactions may have upon their ability to close out a position with a profit (see Closing or Exercising Options Positions).


Options and Futures on Securities and Indices Not Held by Clients of the Price Advisers.  There are no specific restrictions with respect to the purchase, sale or writing of put or call options or any other option or futures activity, such as multiple writings, spreads and straddles, on a security (and options or futures on such security) or index that is not held by any of the Price Advisers clients.


Options on Securities Held by Clients of the Price Advisers.  With respect to options on securities of companies which are held by any of Price Advisers clients, it is the firms policy that an Access Person should not profit from a price decline of a security owned by a client (other than a pure Index account).  Therefore, an Access Person may:  (i) purchase call options and sell covered call options and (ii) purchase covered put options and sell put options.  An Access Person may not purchase uncovered put options or sell uncovered call options, even if the issuer of the underlying securities is included on the Large Issuer/Volume List, unless purchased in connection with other options on the same security as part of a straddle, combination or spread strategy which is designed to result in a profit to the Access Person if the underlying security rises in or does not change in value.  The purchase, sale and exercise of options are subject to the same restrictions as those set forth with respect to securities, i.e., the option should be treated as if it were the common stock itself.


Other Options and Futures Held by Clients of the Price Advisers.  Any other option or futures transaction with respect to domestic or foreign securities held by any of the Price Advisers clients will receive prior transaction clearance if appropriate after due consideration is given, based on the particular facts presented, as to whether the proposed transaction or series of transactions might appear to or actually create a conflict with the interests of any of the Price Advisers clients.  Such transactions include transactions in futures and options on futures involving financial instruments regulated solely by the U. S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.



 



Closing or Exercising Option Positions.   If you are the holder of an option and you intend to close (sell) the option or exercise the option, prior transaction clearance is required.  However, if you have written (sold) an option and the option is exercised against you, without any action on your part, no prior transaction clearance is required. A client transaction in the underlying security or any restriction associated with the underlying security may prevent any option transaction from being closed or exercised, therefore Access Persons should be cautious when transacting in options.


Short Sales.  Short sales by Access Persons are subject to prior clearance unless the security itself does not otherwise require prior clearance.  Short sale transactions in long and narrow ETFs, as well as the Price ETFs are prohibited.  In addition, Access Persons may not sell any security short which is owned by any client of one of the Price Advisers unless a transaction in that security would not require prior clearance.  Short sales of Price Group stock are not permitted.  All short sales are subject to the 60-Day Rule.


The 60-Day Rule.  Access Persons are prohibited from profiting from the purchase and sale or sale and purchase (e.g., short sales, sell to open, and other similar transactions) of the same (or equivalent) securities within 60 calendar days.  An equivalent security means any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege at a price related to the subject security, or similar securities with a value derived from the value of the subject security.  Thus, for example, the rule prohibits options transactions on or short sales of a security that may result in a gain within 60 days of the purchase of the underlying security.  Any series of transactions made which violate (or are counter to) the spirit of the 60-Day Rule, such as the establishment of a long position and subsequent establishment of a short position (or vice versa), in the same (or equivalent) security, may be deemed a violation by the Ethics Committee.  This prohibition is not intended to include legitimate hedging transactions.  If you have questions about whether a contemplated transaction would violate the 60-Day Rule or the spirit of the Rule, you should seek an interpretation from Code Compliance prior to initiating the transaction.  Violations of the 60-Day Rule will be subject to a disgorgement of profit and any other applicable sanctions.  The disgorgement of profit does not take into consideration any tax lot accounting associated with the security.  It is simply the calculated gain as a result of the buy and sale (or sale and purchase) within the 60-day period.


In addition, the rule applies regardless of the Access Persons other holdings of the same security or whether the Access person has split his or her holdings into tax lots.  For example, if an Access Person buys 100 shares of XYZ stock on March 1 and another 100 shares of XYZ stock on November 27, he or she may not sell any shares of XYZ stock at a profit for 60 days following November 27.  Similarly, an Access Person must own the underlying security for more than 60 days before entering into any options transaction on that security.



The 60-Day Rule clock restarts each time the Access person trades in that security.


The closing of a position in an option or Contract for Difference on any security other than an index will result in a 60-Day Rule violation if the position was opened within the 60-day window and the closing transaction results in a gain.  Multiple positions will not be





netted to determine an overall gain or loss in options on the same underlying security expiring on the same day unless the offsetting option positions were clearly part of an options strategy.  Contact the Legal Compliance Employee Trading mailbox regarding the applicability of the contemplated strategy with the 60-Day Rule.


The 60-Day Rule does not apply to:

·

Any transaction by a Non-Access Person other than transactions in Price Group stock not excluded below;

·

Any transaction which because of its nature or the nature of the security involved does not require prior transaction clearance (e.g., if an Access Person inherits a security, a transaction that did not require prior transaction clearance, then he or she may sell the security inherited at a profit within 60 calendar days of its acquisition; other examples include the purchase or sale of a unit investment trust, the exercise of a corporate stock option by an Access Persons spouse, or pro-rata distributions;

·

Any transaction in Price Group stock effected through the ESPP (note that the 60-Day rule does apply to shares transferred out of the ESPP to a securities account; generally, however, an employee remaining in the ESPP may not transfer shares held less than 60 days out of the ESPP);

·

The exercise of company-granted Price Group stock options or receipt of Price Group shares through Company-based awards and the subsequent sale of the derivative shares; and

·

Any purchase of Price Group stock through an established dividend reinvestment plan.


Access Persons are responsible for checking their compliance with this rule before entering a trade.  If you have any questions about whether this rule will be triggered by a proposed transaction, you should contact Code Compliance or International Compliance before requesting prior transaction clearance for the proposed trade.  Access Persons may request in writing an interpretation from the Chairperson of the Ethics Committee, or their designee, that the 60-Day Rule should not apply to a specific transaction or transactions.


Expanded Holding Period Requirement for Employees in Japan.  Securities owned by staff employed by TRPJ may be subject to a longer holding period than 60 days.  If you have any questions about this restriction, you should contact International Compliance.


Investments in Non-Listed Securities Firms.  Access Persons may not purchase or sell the shares of a broker-dealer, underwriter or federally registered investment adviser unless that entity is traded on an exchange or listed as a NASDAQ stock or prior transaction clearance is given under the private placement procedures.


REPORTING OF ONE HALF OF ONE PERCENT OWNERSHIP.  If an employee owns more than ½ of 1% of the total outstanding shares of a public or private company, he or she must immediately report this in writing to Code Compliance (via the Code of Ethics mailbox), providing the name of the company and the total number of such companys shares beneficially owned.


GAMBLING RELATED TO THE SECURITIES MARKETS.  All associates subject to the Code are prohibited from wagering, betting or gambling related to individual securities, securities indices, currency spreads, or other similar financial indices or instruments.  This prohibition applies to wagers placed through casinos, betting parlors or internet gambling sites and is applicable regardless of where the activity is initiated (e.g., home or firm computer or telephone).  This specific prohibition does not restrict the purchase or sale of securities through a securities account reported to Code Compliance even if these transactions are effected with a speculative investment objective.  


INITIAL DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL SECURITIES HOLDINGS BY ACCESS PERSONS.  Upon commencement of employment, appointment or promotion (no later than 10 calendar days after the starting date), each Access Person, except an independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs, is required by U.S. securities laws to disclose all current securities holdings in which he or she is considered to have beneficial ownership or control (Initial Holdings Report") (see page 5-4 for definition of the term Beneficial Owner) and provide or reconfirm the information regarding all of his or her securities accounts.  Access Persons should use myTRPcompliance, located on the Exchange, to disclose and certify their Initial Holdings Report.  SEC Rules require that each Initial Holding Report contain, at a minimum, the following information:


·

Securities title;

·

Securities type;

·

Exchange ticker number or CUSIP number, as applicable;

·

Number of shares or principal amount of each reportable securities in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

·

The name of any broker, dealer or both with which the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the Access Persons direct or indirect benefit; and

·

The date the Access Person submits the Initial Holding Report.


The information provided must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person.


ANNUAL DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL SECURITIES HOLDINGS BY ACCESS PERSONS.  Each Access Person, except an independent director of the Price Funds or Price ETFs, is also required to file an Annual Compliance Certification as of December 31 of each year.  This report can be completed by using myTRPcompliance located on the Exchange.  This report is due by no later than January 31.  The Chief Compliance Officer or their designee reviews all Annual Compliance Certifications.



SANCTIONS. Strict compliance with the provisions of this Statement is considered a basic provision of employment or other association with Price Group,  Price Funds, and the Price ETFs. The Ethics Committee, the Code Compliance Team, and the TRP International Compliance Team are primarily responsible for administering this Statement.  In fulfilling this function, the Ethics Committee will institute such procedures as it deems reasonably necessary to monitor each persons and entitys compliance with this Statement and to otherwise prevent and detect violations.





 



Violations by Access Persons, Non-Access Persons and Independent Directors of Price Group.  Upon discovering a material violation of this Statement by any person or entity other than an independent director of a Price Fund, the Ethics Committee will impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate and as are approved by the Management Committee or the Board of Directors including, inter alia, a letter of censure or suspension, a fine, a suspension of trading privileges or termination of employment and/or officership of the violator.  In addition, the violator may be required to forfeit any profit realized from any transaction that is in violation of this Statement to the T. Rowe Price Foundation or an approved international non-profit organization.  All material violations of this Statement shall be reported to the Board of Directors of Price Group and to the Board of Directors of any Price Fund or Price ETF with respect to whose securities such violations may have been involved.


Following are sanctions guidelines associated with violations of this Statement.  These guidelines are supplemental to the forfeiture of profit associated with certain violations where an associate economically benefited.  Code Compliance will utilize a rolling two-year, look-back period in the administration of the sanctions guidelines.  


First Violation

·

Associate and manager notification, and

·

Associate required to complete online remedial training course.


Second Violation

·

Associate and escalated manager notifications up to, and including, applicable Management Committee (MC) member,

·

Associate required to complete online remedial training course,

·

Associate required to meet with applicable Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Compliance Manager, and

·

Associate fined according to officer or role guidelines.


Associate

VP TRP Group

Investment Personnel

Portfolio Manager,

Business Unit Leader,

MC Member

$250

$750

$750

$1,500


Third Violation

·

Associate and escalated manager notifications up to, and including, applicable Management Committee (MC) member,

·

Chief Executive Officer notified,

·

Associate required to complete online remedial training course,

·

Associate subject to three-month trading prohibition, and

·

Associate fined according to officer or role guidelines.


Associate

VP TRP Group

Investment Personnel

Portfolio Manager,

Business Unit Leader,

MC Member

$500

$2,000

$2,000

$5,000



Fourth Violation

·

Sanctions to be determined by Ethics Committee.


Violations by Independent Directors of Price Funds or Price ETFs.  Upon discovering a material violation of this Statement by an independent director of a Price Fund, the Ethics Committee shall report such violation to the Board on which the director serves.  The Price Fund or Price ETF Board will impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.



 



T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

STATEMENT OF POLICY

ON

SYSTEMS SECURITY AND RELATED ISSUES


Purpose of Statement of Policy (Statement).  The central and critical role of computer systems in our firms operations underscores the importance of ensuring their confidentiality, availability, and integrity.  Our data is an extremely valuable asset and should be protected by all system users.  Data within the T. Rowe Price Group network should be considered proprietary and confidential and should be protected as such.  This Statement should be read in conjunction with the Statement of Policy on Privacy (page 8-1).


Systems activities and information will be referred to collectively in this Statement as the Systems. The Systems include all hardware, software, operating systems, and wired and wireless network resources involved in the business of T. Rowe Price; all information transmitted, received, logged or stored through the Systems including email, voice mail, messaging, printers, and online facsimiles; and all back-ups and records retained for regulatory or other purposes including all portable and fixed storage media and locations for storage. Information also includes any work products that are created while working at or on behalf of T. Rowe Price and are the exclusive property of T. Rowe Price unless otherwise stipulated.


The Systems also include the use of computer access, data, services and equipment provided by T. Rowe Price including any access to the Internet or via Internet; access to and use of commercial and specialized software programs and systems licensed or developed for the firms use; access to and use of customer and T. Rowe Price business data; use of and data on T. Rowe Price desktop and portable computers, and other mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets. The use, access, or storage of data on non-T. Rowe Price equipment (including but not limited to personally owned or home equipment, hotel or business center-supplied devices, web and/or cloud services, and conference supplied or internet café terminals) used for T. Rowe Price business purposes is included in the definition of systems, as appropriate.


Any new device, application or methodology offered by T. Rowe Price subsequent to the date of this version of this Statement, or that comes into common use for business purposes, is also covered under this definition of T. Rowe Price Systems and information.


This Statement establishes an acceptable use policy for all Price Group Associates and all other individuals, including vendors, cloud services, service providers and contractors, with Price Group systems access.


The Statement has been designed to give associates guidelines to:


·

Maintain and protect the integrity of customer, corporate, and employee confidential information;

·

Prevent the unauthorized use of or access to our firms computer Systems;

·

Prevent breaches and the introduction of malicious software; and

·

Respond to incidents and alert management in accordance with defined practices.



 



Any material violation of this Statement may lead to disciplinary sanctions, up to and including dismissal of individuals involved.  Additionally, actions in violation of this Statement may constitute a crime under applicable laws.

By using the firms Systems, you agree to be bound by this Statement and consent to the access to and disclosure of all information by the firm and do not have any expectation of privacy in connection with the use of the Systems.


SECURITY PRINCIPLES.  T. Rowe Price maintains a security organization, with supporting policies, to provide guidance and direction on appropriate security controls to all associates and users. Key principles for end users or associate behavior include:


·

Security Responsibility. Security is everyones responsibility at T. Rowe Price.

·

Suspicious Activity. Report all suspicious activity to the Help Desk immediately.

·

Authorized System Users.  Access to systems is restricted to authorized users who need access in order to support their business activities. This includes systems that are External to the T. Rowe Price environment.

·

User-IDs and Passwords.  Every user is assigned a unique User-ID.  Each User-ID has a password that must be kept confidential by the users. Employee IDs and easily deducible information should not be used for passwords. Users will be held accountable for work performed with their User-IDs.

·

Secure Desk / Asset. Sensitive information must be secured and/or locked appropriately when unattended. This includes electronic and physical information.

·

Mobile Assets. All portable computer equipment (e.g., laptops, smart phones, flash drives) containing information that is sensitive must be encrypted and password protected where possible. In the event of loss or theft, contact the Help Desk immediately.

·

Incident Response. T. Rowe Price has the authority, at its own discretion, to disable any ID or activity as needed to respond to a security issue.  Efforts will be made to contact presumed owners of these IDs as appropriate; however, IDs may be disabled as part of system or vulnerability management processes.


INTERNET ACCESS AND OTHER ONLINE SERVICES.  Accessing the Internet and accessing T. Rowe Price systems from the Internet presents special security considerations due to the nature of the connection and the security concerns present in Internet services.  When using Internet access or other online services, the following policies apply:


·

The use of firm Systems is intended for legitimate business purposes and individuals should limit personal use. You may not use the firms Systems in any way that might pose a business risk or data privacy risk or in a manner that violates laws.

·

Do not use firms Systems to access or send inappropriate content, including, but not limited to adult or gambling internet sites or to create or forward communications that could be offensive to others or embarrassing to you or T. Rowe Price.

·

T. Rowe Price may block access to internet sites or emails without prior notice based on potential risk to the firm or for other business reasons.  

·

You may not access or download anything for installation or storage onto the firms computers for personal use including, but not limited to, streaming media, videos, music, games, or messaging and mail applications.

·



 



T. Rowe Price Systems may not be used to remotely control, maintain, or service unauthorized computers or systems.  T. Rowe Price systems may not be connected to non-T. Rowe Price networks, as this could lead to system attack/compromise and data loss. Wireless routers and/or hotspots may not be connected to the T. Rowe Price network.

·

No person or entity may contract for domain names for use by Price Group or for the benefit of Price Group without express authority from the Legal & Compliance Department.  Internet domain names are assets of the firm and are purchased and maintained centrally.  This also includes free account registrations such as those on social networking sites and web email.

·

Only approved Systems and solutions may be used to conduct T. Rowe Price business. The independent use of other technologies, including peer-to-peer file sharing networks or software, web file storage, removeable storage devices (e.g. USB and hard drives), and Instant Messaging, are prohibited as they may not meet regulatory requirements to transfer, monitor and archive electronic communications. No personal email accounts may ever be used to send or receive business or client related communications.

·

Associates are prohibited from attempting to circumvent security and monitoring tools used by T. Rowe Price.

·

Associates are prohibited from using personal mobile devices to conduct Price Group business activities except as defined in the Mobile Device Policy or as authorized by management. Non-public customer information may not be stored on personal mobile devices. If personal devices are used to conduct business activities, personal devices and/or content could be requested as part of an investigation or subpoena.

·

The Technology and Recovery Centers are considered sensitive locations and their location should not be publicly disclosed. If asked for their location by clients or others, please direct the inquiry to your manager or the Help Desk for evaluation.


Guidelines for Installing Software.  Only approved software is authorized to be installed on Price Group systems.  Any software program that is used by Price Group personnel in connection with the business of the firm must be ordered through the Help Desk.  T. Rowe Price has the authority, at its own discretion; to remove any installed software, downloaded software, or any other application or executable that is not authorized for use by Price Group or may pose a security risk.


Downloading or Copying and Remote Printing.  Downloading or copying software using T. Rowe Price Systems, including documents, graphics, programs and other computer-based materials, from any outside source is not permitted unless it is authorized. Downloads and copies may introduce viruses and malicious code into Systems. Downloading or uploading copyrighted materials may violate the rights of the authors of the materials, may create a liability, privacy or security breach, or cause embarrassment to the firm. Downloading or copying T. Rowe Price data or source code to an unapproved removable storage device is prohibited.  Remotely printing T. Rowe Price data from any outside printer (e.g. hotel, home, etc.) is not permitted unless authorized.


PROTECTION FROM MALICOUS CODE.  Malicious code is computer code that is designed to damage or access software or data on a computer system.  T. Rowe Price manages a comprehensive malicious code prevention and control program to protect Systems and data.  Introducing a virus or similar malicious code into the Price Group Systems by engaging in prohibited actions or by failing to implement recommended precautions may lead to disciplinary actions.  Pranks, jokes, or other actions that simulate or trigger a system security event such as, but not limited to, a computer virus are prohibited. Users must comply with the following security practices:

·

Contact the Help Desk.  Immediately contact the Help Desk for anything that appears suspicious or is identified as malicious.  The Help Desk will determine whether the device is infected, the severity of the infection, and the appropriate remedial actions.

·

Be Careful when Opening Emails.  Carefully review emails, attachments, or links prior to opening or accessing them, as they may contain malicious code or viruses.  Report suspicious emails as soon as feasible.  

·

Approved Devices. Only connect devices issued or approved by T. Rowe Price into Systems to reduce the risk of malware infections. This includes, but is not limited to, thumb drives, mobile devices such as smart phones or tablets, and gadgets/novelties powered by USB ports.

·

Maintain Security Settings.  Users should not disable virus scanning features, password settings, or other security features for any reason.  Failure to maintain updated scanning files is also prohibited.

·

Keep T. Rowe Price Mobile Assets Updated.  Users who receive a Price Group technology asset must install updates as instructed by the Help Desk and/or connect the asset to the Price Group network on a regular basis to receive software, application, and operating system security updates.  

·

Keep Personal Computer Assets Updated.  Users must maintain anti-virus software, application, and operating system security updates on all non-T. Rowe Price or personally owned assets that are used to access the T. Rowe Price network.  Remote devices that do not meet these requirements may be prevented from connecting to the T. Rowe Price network.

·

Report Unauthorized Network Connections.  Report any attempts to create an unauthorized or foreign connection to the network to the Help Desk.


CONFIDENTIALITY OF SYSTEM ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION.  System activities and access on Price Group computers is subject to monitoring by firm personnel or others.  All such information are records of the firm and the sole property of the firm.  The firm reserves the right to monitor, access, and disclose for any purpose all information, including all messages sent, received, transmitted, or stored through the Systems.


Certain departments at T. Rowe Price record telephone conversations placed to and from the department (this includes but is not limited to the Call Centers and Corporate Actions Department).  These recordings are made for various purposes, such as for quality review, when required by law, recording of instructions, as well as for other business reasons.  Any telephone conversations placed to and from these departments (including internal calls) will be recorded and subject to monitoring.  


Information, including electronic communications, entered into our firms computers but later deleted from the Systems may continue to be maintained for applicable periods on our firms back-up repositories or in records retained for regulatory or other purposes.


PARTICIPATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA SITES.  Associates are directed to the Social Media Policy located on the Exchange to understand their responsibilities with respect to social media.



 



QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS STATEMENT.  Please contact the Legal & Compliance Department if you have any questions regarding this Statement.




 



T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

STATEMENT OF POLICY

ON

COMPLIANCE WITH ANTITRUST LAWS


Purpose of Statement of Policy.  To protect the interests of Price Group and its personnel, Price Group has adopted this Statement of Policy on Compliance with Antitrust Laws (Statement) to:


·

Describe the legal principles governing prohibited anticompetitive activity in the conduct of Price Groups business; and

·

Establish guidelines for contacts with other members of the investment management industry to avoid violations of the antitrust laws.


The Basic U.S. Anticompetitive Activity Prohibition.  Section 1 of the U.S. Sherman Antitrust Act (the Act) prohibits agreements, understandings, or joint actions between companies that constitute a restraint of trade, i.e., that reduce or eliminate competition.


This prohibition is triggered only by an agreement or action among two or more companies; unilateral action never violates the Act.  To constitute an illegal agreement, however, an understanding does not need to be formal or written.  Comments made in conversations, casual comments at meetings, or even as little as a knowing wink, as one case says, may be sufficient to establish an illegal agreement under the Act.


The agreed-upon action must be anticompetitive.  Some actions are per se anticompetitive, while others are judged according to a rule of reason.


·

Some activities have been found to be so inherently anticompetitive that a court will not even permit the argument that they have a pro-competitive component.  Examples of such per se illegal activities are bid-rigging; agreements between competitors to fix prices or terms of doing business; to divide up markets in any way, such as exclusive territories; or to jointly boycott a competitor or service provider.

·

Other joint agreements or activities will be examined by a court using the rule of reason approach to see if the pro-competitive results of the arrangement outweigh the anticompetitive effects.  Under certain circumstances, permissible agreements among competitors may include a buyers cooperative, or a syndicate of buyers for an initial public offering of securities.  The rule of reason analysis requires a detailed inquiry into market power and market conditions.


There is also an exception for joint activity designed to influence government action.  Such activity is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  For example, members of an industry may agree to lobby Congress jointly to enact legislation that may be manifestly anticompetitive.


Penalties for Violating the Sherman Act.  A charge that the Act has been violated can be brought as a civil or a criminal action.  Civil damages can include treble damages, plus attorneys fees.  Criminal penalties for individuals can include fines of up to $1,000,000 and ten years in jail, and $100 million or more for corporations.  The maximum fine may be increased to twice the amount conspirators gained from the illegal acts or twice the money lost by the victims of the crime, if either of those amounts is over $100 million.


Situations in Which Antitrust Issues May Arise.  To avoid violating the Act, any discussion with other members of the investment management industry regarding which securities to buy or sell and under what circumstances we buy or sell them, or about the manner in which we market our mutual funds, other commingled vehicles, and investment and retirement services, must be made with the prohibitions of the Act in mind.  In addition, any discussion with our competitors about the use of particular vendors or service providers may implicate the Sherman Act.


Trade Association Meetings and Activities.  A trade association is a group of competitors who join together to share common interests and seek common solutions to common problems.  Such associations are at a high risk for anticompetitive activity and are closely scrutinized by regulators.  Attorneys for trade associations, such as the Investment Company Institute, are typically present at meetings of members to assist in avoiding violations.


Permissible Activities:

·

Discussion of how to make the industry more competitive.

·

An exchange of information or ideas that have pro-competitive or competitively neutral effects, such as: methods of protecting the health or safety of workers; methods of educating customers and preventing abuses; and information regarding how to design and operate training programs.

·

Collective action to petition government entities.


Activities to Avoid:

·

Any discussion or direct exchange of current information about prices, salaries, fees, or terms and conditions of sales.  Even if such information is publicly available, problems can arise if the information available to the public is difficult to compile or not as current as that being exchanged.

·

Discussion of specific customers, markets, or territories.

·

Negative discussions of service providers that could give rise to an inference of a joint refusal to deal with the provider (a boycott).


Investment-Related Discussions


Permissible Activities:


·

Buyers or sellers with a common economic interest may join together to facilitate securities transactions that might otherwise not occur, such as the formation of a syndicate to buy in a private placement or initial public offering of an issuers stock, or negotiations among creditors of an insolvent or bankrupt company.  


·

Competing investment managers are permitted to serve on creditors committees  and engage in other similar activities in connection with bankruptcies and other judicial proceedings so long as they act independently of each other.



Activities to Avoid:


·

It is important to avoid anything that suggests involvement with any other firm in any threats to boycott or blackball new offerings, including making any ambiguous statement that, taken out of context, might be misunderstood to imply such joint action.  Avoid careless or unguarded comments that a hostile or suspicious listener might interpret as suggesting prohibited coordinated behavior between Price Group and any other potential buyer.


Example:  After an Illinois municipal bond default where the state legislature retroactively abrogated some of the bondholders rights, several investment management complexes organized to protest the states action.  In doing so, there was arguably an implied threat that members of the group would boycott future Illinois municipal bond offerings.  Such a boycott would be a violation of the Act.  The investment management firms action led to an 18-month U.S. Department of Justice investigation.  Although the investigation did not lead to any legal action, it was extremely expensive and time consuming for the firms and individual managers involved.


·

If you are present when anyone outside of Price Group suggests that two or more investors with a grievance against an issuer coordinate future purchasing decisions, you should immediately reject any such suggestion.  As soon as possible thereafter, notify the Legal Department, which will take whatever further steps are necessary.


Benchmarking. Benchmarking is the process of measuring and comparing an organizations processes, products and services to those of industry leaders for the purpose of adopting innovative practices for improvement.


·

Because benchmarking usually involves the direct exchange of information with competitors, it is particularly subject to the risk of violating the antitrust laws.

·

The list of issues that may and should not be discussed in the context of a trade association also applies in the benchmarking process.

·

All proposed benchmarking agreements must be reviewed by the Legal & Compliance Department before the firm agrees to participate in such a survey.


Discussions with Companies

It is acceptable for Price Group personnel to have individual discussions with executives of companies whether or not Price Group advisers have invested in those companies on behalf of investment advisory clients.  However, caution should be exercised when having discussions with multiple companies that are in the same industry; particularly companies in concentrated industries.  It could create legal issues if an individual or entity that speaks with competing companies passes confidential or sensitive business information between or among those companies.  Such indirect exchanges of information could be evidence of collusion among the competing firms and the individual or entity passing the information could be the subject of litigation alleging industry collusion.  For the same reason, you should avoid discussions with executives of companies that suggest a common industry position on a competitive issue such as prices, supply, capacity, market entry, or product development, especially that you or Price Group is suggesting or endorsing such a common position.  If you have questions about the acceptable scope of discussions with companies, contact the Legal & Compliance Department.


Antitrust Restrictions Related to Acquisitions, Mergers and Other Transactions

Basic Restrictions.  The U.S. Clayton Act bars any corporate transaction that is likely to substantially lessen competition in a particular market.  This law applies not just to mergers, but to any acquisition of stock or assets, regardless of whether it transfers ownership or control.  Generally, acquisitions by Price Group and similar entities do not raise issues under the Clayton Act. However, acquisitions of shares in competing companies by active investors who may seek to alter the competitive behavior of the companies they hold can be subject to challenge under the Clayton Act.

Reporting Requirements.  Acquisitions of any significant size may be reportable to government antitrust authorities.  In general, acquisitions by Price Group advisers on behalf of investment advisory clients are exempt from such requirements so long as the acquisitions are made solely for investment purposes.  However, if any Price Group entity or employee seeks to influence the regular business decisions of a company in which Price Group advisers have holdings, the exemption from reporting may not apply.  Contact the Legal & Compliance Department if you have any questions.

International Requirements.  The UK, European Union (E.U.), and several countries in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region have requirements based on principles similar to those of U.S. law.  In many cases, the laws of the E.U. are stricter than the laws of the U.S.  If you have specific questions about UK, E.U., or APAC requirements, contact the Legal & Compliance Department.

Antitrust Laws Relating to Employment

The U.S. antitrust laws apply to competition among firms to hire employees.  An agreement among competing employers to fix the terms of employment for potential hires or to limit employment of anothers employees can subject the firm or individual to civil or criminal enforcement action.




 



T. ROWE PRICE GROUP, INC.

STATEMENT OF POLICY

ON

PRIVACY


Scope and Enforcement

This Policy applies to all T. Rowe Price associates, contractors and directors with respect to all operations carried out globally by T. Rowe Price which involve the processing of personal data.


It is the responsibility of every associate, contractor and director throughout T. Rowe Price to comply with this Policy. Understanding of this Policy is supported through mandatory training for associates and contractors. The principles behind the Policy also are reflected in T. Rowe Prices Code of Ethics and Conduct, acknowledgement of which is required on an annual basis. Violations of this Policy may constitute grounds for disciplinary actions, up to and including, termination of employment or removal from your position.


T. Rowe Price senior management ultimately is responsible for promoting compliance to this Policy.


Definitions

Data Security Incident means an event that impacts the security (confidentiality, integrity, or availability) of personal data, institutional client data, and/or T. Rowe Price confidential data by:

a.

Ending up in an unexpected place, either internal or external to T. Rowe Price,

b.

Being accessible in a way that is broader than intended,

c.

Being lost or stolen,

d.

Being altered in an unexpected or unauthorized way, or

e.

Being unavailable in an unexpected or unauthorized way.


Personal Data means any information relating to an individual that identifies the individual or could reasonably be used to identify the individual regardless of the medium involved (e.g., paper, electronic, video or audio) or how it was obtained (e.g., from an application form or through a cookie on a website that can identify an individual). Examples of personal data include contact details, identification numbers, financial data, passwords, IP addresses, pictures, online search history, and geolocation information. As required by applicable law, it also includes sensitive personal data, such as health or medical information, government-issued identification numbers, racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or similar beliefs, trade union memberships, criminal offenses, sexual life information and genetic or biometric data.


The most common sources of personal data relates to clients and associates. While the privacy/data protection laws of countries typically do not extend to entities or non-personal data, we apply appropriate security safeguards to protect information related to clients and other confidential data as defined in this Code.


Processing means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether by automated means, such as collection, recording, organization, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction.


Privacy Principles

T. Rowe Price's business operations shall be consistent with the following Privacy Principles. These principles are binding across our business.


1. Lawful Processing and Transparency.  T. Rowe Price collects, uses, and shares personal data where we have lawful grounds and legitimate business reasons for doing so. We are subject to data protection and privacy laws within each of the jurisdictions in which we operate and we undertake to conduct our business in compliance with these laws. We also are committed to helping individuals understand what information we collect, how we use it, the circumstances under which we share it with third parties, and, as applicable, what choices they have. We explain this to clients, associates and business contacts in our privacy notices as required by applicable law. We review our privacy notices regularly to keep them up to date and to ensure they match our internal practices. In the event of material updates, we communicate with relevant internal and external stakeholders in a timely manner.


2. Purposes.  We collect personal data for legitimate purposes We employ data minimization practices to ensure that we collect data consistent with what we need to achieve those purposes. Though personal data can help us improve the services we provide, we should leverage it in a manner that is compliant with applicable regulation and consistent with and proportionate to our corporate policies and goals.


3. Data Accuracy.  The firm take steps to ensure that the personal data we hold is accurate, relevant, and, where necessary, kept up to date.


4. Data Retention and Disposal.  We keep personal data to comply with applicable laws and obligations and take steps to ensure the safe destruction or de-identification of personal data when it is no longer required by law to be retained or it is no longer necessary for a legitimate business purpose.


5. Rights of Individuals.  T. Rowe Price is committed to addressing the privacy rights of individuals, as set forth in applicable laws, with respect to our processing of their personal data.


6. Information Security.  We use appropriate technical and organizational measures to keep personal data secure and ensure its integrity, confidentiality and availability across our systems. We regularly evaluate changes in technology and changes in risk and respond as appropriate.


7. International Transfers of Personal Data.  T. Rowe Price is a global business and as such we transfer personal data internationally in the normal course of business. We are committed to maintaining adequate safeguards, as required by applicable laws, to protect the personal data we transfer to a country that is not regarded as having fully equivalent data protection laws.


8. Accountability.  We are all responsible for upholding the Privacy Principles and respecting individuals' privacy rights. We have a collective and individual duty to protect our clients, associates, and business partners personal data. To create an environment of trust and to comply with applicable laws, all individuals operating within or on behalf of T. Rowe Price are required to comply with our Privacy Principles, including proactively applying Privacy by Design to help us uphold our commitments to the protection of personal data. We have procedures established to ensure individuals and regulators are informed timely of data security incidents when required. Through audits and internal reviews, we regularly assess the effectiveness of controls to mitigate privacy risk.


Roles and Responsibilities

While the Privacy Principles apply to all of us at T. Rowe Price, stakeholders at different corporate levels within T. Rowe Price play a role in ensuring overall privacy risk management and data protection compliance. We maintain a network of privacy resources as part of our privacy governance framework and have identified clear lines of privacy responsibilities.

Every business unit is responsible for:

·

Understanding and implementing this Policy and other applicable internal policies and procedures.

·

Ensuring compliance with the applicable public facing privacy notices, and other privacy commitments.

·

Ensuring the security of the personal data it maintains, including

"

Allowing access to personal data only to those who require access for their job

functions.

"

Reporting any known or suspected data security incidents promptly to the Help Desk, option 2 (see Legal & Compliance widget on the TRP Exchange for current international toll-free numbers).

Every associate and contingent worker is responsible for:

·

Applying the Privacy Principles to the collection, use, and sharing of personal data and following our policies, procedures and standards regarding privacy.

Ø

Learn how to identify personal data and report any questions to the Global Privacy Office.

Ø

Use and share personal data consistent with the purpose(s) for which it was collected.

Ø

Ensure that personal data is accurate, relevant, and, where necessary, kept up to date.

Ø

Secure personal data (paper and electronic) through appropriate security safeguards against risks such as loss, unauthorized access or use, destruction, modification, or unintended or inappropriate disclosure.

Ø

Avoid accessing, collecting or storing personal data that is not necessary for your current job responsibilities.

Ø

Dispose of personal data securely.  For example; by using shredders or secured shred/recycle bins provided in offices or appropriate electronic erasure.

Ø

Remember that personal data belongs to T. Rowe Price and may not be copied, transferred or otherwise removed without permission.

·

Using T. Rowe Price data and equipment appropriately and securely.

Ø

Use T. Rowe Price data, systems and equipment for legitimate business purposes only and in accordance with applicable policies, guidelines and instructions.

Ø



Use secure transmission protocols when sending personal data outside of T. Rowe Price (e.g., encrypted file transfers and not unencrypted emails or attachments).

Ø

Limit internal access to personal data to those with a genuine need to know, and limit the amount of personal data to that which is necessary to accomplish the business purpose.

Ø

Do not install or use any unapproved software.

Ø

Manage business applications on TRP computers and telecommunications devices in accordance with this Global Privacy Policy and any separate policies of Global Technology for a particular type of device or system.

·

Reporting known or suspected data security incidents.

Ø

Report known or suspected data security incidents without delay to the Help Desk (Select option 2 on Help Desk menu) and also follow any internal reporting required within your business unit. Be alert for:

o

Suspicious activity related to a computer, network, or software application.

o

Potential or actual loss, misuse, improper access or modification of personal data.

o

The security of any system or device containing personal data has been compromised.

o

An incident in which personal data has been accessed, used or disclosed in violation of any applicable policy.

o

Once submitted, the incident will be investigated, and corrective actions implemented, as necessary or as appropriate.

·

Completing required training.

Ø

Complete all required privacy and information security training.







 



Executive Summary

 

 

[TCW logo}

 

 

Code of Ethics

June 14, 2021

 


 

Table of Contents

General Principles

1

Personal Investment Transactions

2

Overview

2

Covered Transactions/Covered Accounts

2

Pre-clearance of Covered Transactions

3

Pre-clearance Process

3

Limitations on Pre-Clearance

3

Personal Trading Restrictions

4

Prohibited Transactions

4

Additional Restrictions for Investment Personnel

5

Exempt Securities

7

Exemptive Relief

11

Reporting

12

Personal Investment Reporting

12

Reporting on Opening, Changing or Closing a Covered Account

12

Required Certifications

13

Policy Statement on Insider Trading

14

What You Should Do If You Have Questions About Inside Information?

14

TCW Policy on Insider Trading

15

Trading Prohibition

15

Communication Prohibition

16

What is Material Information?

16

What is Non-Public Information?

17

Examples of How TCW Personnel Could Obtain Inside Information and What You Should Do In These Cases17

Board of Directors Seats or Observation Rights

17

Deal-Specific Information

18

Participation in Rapid Fire Capital Infusions

19

Overview

19

What Should You Do?

19

What Are The Ramifications For Participating In A Rapid Fire Capital Infusion?

19

Creditors Committees

20

Information about TCW Products

20

Contacts with Public Companies

20

Expert Networks

21

What Is The Effect Of Receiving Inside Information?

22

Does TCW Monitor Trading Activities?

22

Penalties and Enforcement by SEC and Private Litigants

22

Ethical Wall Procedures

23

Identification of the Walled-In Individual or Group

23

Isolation of Information

23

Restrictions on Communications

23

Restrictions on Access to Information

24

Trading Activities by Persons within the Wall

24

Termination of Ethical Wall Procedures

24

Maintenance of Restricted List

25

Exemptions

25

Gifts & Entertainment: Anti-Corruption Policy

26

Gifts

26

Entertainment or Similar Expenditures

27

Gifts, Entertainment, Payments & Preferential Treatment

27

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

32

Statement of Purpose

33

Scope

33

Prohibited Conduct

33

Health or Safety Exception

34

Third Party Representatives

34

Red Flag Reporting

35

Mandatory Reporting

36

Books and Records

36

Outside Business Activities

37

General

37

Obtaining Approval/Reporting

37

Political Activities & Contributions

38

Introduction

38

General Rules

38

Fundraising and Soliciting Political Contributions

38

Rules Governing Firm Contributions and Activities

39

Federal Elections

39

Contributions to State and Local Candidates and Committees

39

Political Activities on Firm Premises and Using Firm Resources

39

Federal, State, and Local Elections

39

Rules for Individuals

40

Responsibility for Personal Contribution Limits

40

Pre-Approval of all Political Contributions and Volunteer Activity

40

New Hires

41

Participation in Public Affairs

41

Other Employee Conduct

42

Personal Loans

42

Taking Advantage of a Business Opportunity That Rightfully Belongs To the Firm

42

Disclosure of a Direct or Indirect Interest in a Transaction

42

Corporate Property or Services

43

Use of TCW Stationery

43

Giving Advice to Clients

43

Confidentiality

44

Sanctions

45

Reporting Illegal or Suspicious Activity - Whistleblower Policy

46

Policy

46

Procedure

46

Glossary

48





 




General Principles


The TCW Group, Inc. is the parent of several companies that provide investment advisory services. As used in this Code of Ethics or Code, the Firm or TCW refers to The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Advisors, and controlled affiliates.


This Code is based on the principle that the officers, directors and employees of the Firm owe a fiduciary duty to the Firms clients. In consideration of this you must:


·

Protect the interests of the Firms clients before looking after your own.

·

If you know that an investment team is considering a transaction in a security, dont trade that security.

·

Never use opportunities provided for the Firms clients by brokers or others for your personal benefit.

·

Avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest in conducting your personal investing.

·

Never trade on the basis of client information, or otherwise use client information for personal benefit.

·

Maintain the confidentiality of all client financial and other confidential information.  Loose lips sink ships.

·

Comply with all applicable securities laws and Firm policies, including this Code.

·

Communicate with clients or prospective clients candidly.

·

Exercise independent judgment when making investment decisions.

·

Treat all clients fairly.

In addition to the above fiduciary requirements, Officers, directors and employees of the Firm are prohibited from violating the laws of the United States, including but not limited to, the applicable federal and state securities laws.  These provisions prohibit any manipulative conduct in connection with transactions in Securities in the marketplace:


·

Employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud;

·

Making any untrue statement of a material fact, or omitting to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made not misleading, in connection with the offer, purchase, or sale of Securities; or

·

Engaging in any action, transaction, practice or course of business that would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person.


When in doubt, call the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer, or any member of the Compliance or Legal Department before taking action.  We are here to help. The reputation that TCW has built through decades of hard work can be destroyed by a single action.  As an Access Person, you are responsible for safeguarding the reputation of TCW.  


Violations of this Code constitute grounds for disciplinary actions, including immediate dismissal.


 




Personal Investment Transactions


Overview


The first part of this policy restricts your personal investment activities to avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest with investment activities on behalf of clients of the Firm.  The second part addresses reporting requirements for personal investing.  You must conduct your personal investment activities in compliance with these rules.  


Any questions about this policy should be addressed to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics at extension 0467 or ace@tcw.com.


All Securities trading by Access Persons and Covered Persons is monitored and reviewed. If patterns arise or it is determined that trading during the course of normal operations is of such a level as to interfere with the Persons work performance or responsibilities, create any actual or apparent conflict of interest, negatively impact the operations of TCW or violate any Firm policy, limits may be imposed. The Person may be notified by his/her supervisor, or such other appropriate officer(s) that there is a trading issues, and that trading restrictions and/or other disciplinary action, as appropriate, may be implemented.


Every Covered Person should be familiar with the requirements of this policy. Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics to send each Covered Person a copy of this policy.


Covered Transactions/Covered Accounts


This policy covers investment activities (Covered Transactions) (i) by any Access Person or Covered Person in a Covered Account, or (ii) in any account in which any Access Person has a beneficial interest.     


An Access Person has a beneficial interest in an account if that Access Person:


·

has benefits substantially equivalent to owning the Securities or the account,

·

can obtain ownership of the Securities in the account within 60 days, or

·

can vote or dispose of the Securities in the account.



Any account of an Access Person or Covered Person is a Covered Account. Covered Accounts include any personal trading account in which you have a beneficial interest.  A representative list of such accounts includes:

Brokerage accounts (i.e. individual, joint, trust, custodial); Individual Retirement Accounts (all types); DRIPs, profit sharing, and any other account/vehicle that have the ability to trade any non-exempt investment product.

-

401(k) and 529 Plans accounts that provide the ability to trade any non-exempt investment product.

o

Please note: If the accounts hold MetWest or TCW funds, these accounts require reporting as well.

o

Accounts held directly at mutual funds are exempt unless the account holds MetWest or TCW funds.

-

A relatives brokerage account for which the Access Person can effect trades, or an estate for which the Access Person makes investment decisions as executor.

o

This includes accounts for relatives in the same household (residence).

-

Direct investments in private funds.


Violations of this policy by a Covered Person will be treated as violations by you.  


Pre-clearance of Covered Transactions


Generally, all trading by Access Persons and Covered Persons requires pre-clearance.  Exempt securities are listed in this Code of Ethics.


Pre-clearance Process


Pre-clearance is required for any non-exempt security. For example:

Pre-clearance expires at 1:00 p.m. Los Angeles time (4:00 p.m. New York time) on the next business day after approval has been received. If your order has not been executed by the next business day after approval, it should be canceled and a new pre-clearance obtained.


For marketable securities and Private Placement pre-clearance, log on to StarCompliance and file the required preclearance form at https://tcw-ng.starcompliance.com/   


Outside Fiduciary Accounts and Non-Discretionary Accounts require special procedures. Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.



 




Limitations on Pre-Clearance

All pre-clearance requests in StarCompliance will be limited to 65 approved requests per calendar quarter.  Once an Access Person or Covered Person has reached 65 approved pre-clearance requests for the quarter, StarCompliance will automatically deny each subsequent pre-clearance request (i.e. beginning with the 66th pre-clearance request).

Personal Trading Restrictions

If you receive two or more personal securities trading violations within a 2-year period, the Firm will impose an automatic 90-day trading suspension on your trading.  Specifically, a trading suspension will result in automatic denials of all pre-clearance requests for 90 days.


Prohibited Transactions


The following activities are prohibited and pre-clearance will generally not be available.


Prohibited Transaction

Exceptions/Limitations

Consequences/Comments

Transacting in a Security that the Firm is trading for its clients

Exception: Permitted once the Firms trading is completed or cancelled

Portfolio managers may accumulate a position in a particular security over a period of time. During such accumulation period, permission to trade in such a security will generally not be granted.

Transacting in a security that the Access Person knows is under consideration for trading by the Firm for its clients



Acquiring any Security in an IPO

Exception: Permitted if the Security is an Exempt Security. See chart below.


Acquiring an interest in a 3rd party registered investment company advised or sub-advised by the Firm

Exception: TCW sub-advised ETFs are permitted, but, as with all ETFs, must still be pre-

cleared and reported as stated below.

See Prohibited Third-Party Mutual Fund List under Forms on myTCW.




 




Additional Restrictions for Certain Investment Personnel


In addition to the foregoing prohibited transactions, the following are prohibited for the Investment Personnel indicated below.   


Prohibited Transaction

Applies to

Consequences/Comments

Profiting from the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the same (or equivalent) Securities within 60 calendar days.


·

Investment Personnel

·

Members of Investment Compliance


Transactions will be matched using a LIFO system.

Profits from the sale or purchase of a security obtained within 60 days of the exercise of written call or put options are subject to the rule prohibiting such transactions for Investment Personnel.

All profits of prohibited trades are subject to disgorgement

Exceptions:

·

Exempt Securities

·

ETFs and ETNs (Though exempt from this rule, ETFs and ETNs still must be pre-cleared through StarCompliance)

·

Transactions in derivatives linked to ETFs and ETNs such as options on ETFs and ETNs must be pre-cleared and are not exempt from this rule.

Purchasing or selling a Security in the 5 business days BEFORE that Security is bought or sold on behalf of a Firm client (except for account rebalancings to maintain proportions after

cash receipts, redemptions, or the like, that do not involve any investment decision) , in any

·

Covered Account, or

·

Outside Fiduciary Account

·

Prohibited for Investment Personnel related to the client account in which the Security is transacted.

·

Members of Investment Compliance


·

All prohibited transactions will generally be reversed; and

·

all profits are subject to disgorgement.

Exceptions:

·

Stock transactions resulting from the forced exercise of a call or put option that you have written


Purchasing a Security in the 5 business days after that Security is sold on behalf of a Firm client, or selling  a Security in the 5 business days AFTER that Security is purchased on behalf of a Firm client (except for account rebalancings to maintain proportions after cash receipts, redemptions, or the like, that do not involve any investment decision), in any

·

Covered Account, or

·

Outside Fiduciary Account

·

Prohibited for Investment Personnel related to the client account in which the security is transacted.

·

Members of Investment Compliance


·

All prohibited transactions  will generally be reversed; and

·

all profits are subject to disgorgement.

Exceptions:

·

Stock transactions resulting from the forced exercise of a call or put option that you have written


Purchasing or selling any Security in the 5 business days AFTER a TCW-advised or sub-advised registered investment company buys or sells the Security (except for account rebalancings to maintain proportions after cash receipts, redemptions, or the like, that do not involve any investment decision), in any

·

Covered Account, or

·

Outside Fiduciary Account

·

Prohibited for Investment Personnel involved in managing funds for the registered investment company

·

Members of Investment Compliance


·

All prohibited transactions  will generally be reversed; and

·

all profits are subject to disgorgement.

Exceptions:

·

Stock transactions resulting from the forced exercise of a call or put option that you have written



Purchasing or selling any  Security in a manner inconsistent with any

recommendation made by that research analyst less than 90 days prior to the proposed purchase or sale

·

Prohibited for any Analyst or Researcher

·

All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and

·

all profits are subject to disgorgement.

Recommending any Security for purchase by the Firm, including writing a research report advocating for the purchase of a Security, where such individual also holds such Security in a Covered Account.

·

Prohibited for any portfolio manager, Researcher or Analyst, unless they have held such Security for at least three months prior to the recommendation or drafting of the research report.

·

All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and

·

all profits are subject to disgorgement.


Exempt Securities


Pre-clearance is generally not required for Exempt Securities.  The following table identifies Exempt Securities and summarizes any pre-clearance and reporting requirements that apply.


Types of Exempt Securities

Pre-clearance Required?

Reporting Required?

Limitations/Comments

MetWest or TCW Fund in a Firm or Non-Firm Account

No

Yes

Compliance with frequent trading rules required.

U.S. Government Securities (including agency obligations)

No

No


Investment-grade rated Securities issued by any State, Commonwealth or territory of the United States, or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof

No

Yes


Bank certificates of deposit or time deposits

No

No


Bankers Acceptances

No

No


Investment grade debt instruments with a term of 13 months or less, including commercial paper, fixed-rate notes and repurchase agreements

No

Yes

Ask the Legal Department for clarification if any questions.

Shares in money market mutual funds or a fund that appears on the exempt list.  

No

 

No


Shares in open-end investment companies not advised or sub-advised by the Firm.

(ETFs, ETNs  and closed-end funds are not exempt and require pre-clearance)

No

No*


*MetWest and TCW funds require reporting

See Prohibited Third-Party Mutual Fund List under Forms on myTCW.

Investments in the S&P 500 CIT product within the TCW 401(k) Plan

No

No


Shares of unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in mutual funds not advised by the Firm.

No

No


Futures and Non-Financial Commodities

No

Yes


Municipal bonds traded in the market

No

Yes

No

Trades in Non-Discretionary Accounts which you, your spouse, your domestic partner, or your significant other established.

The Account must first be certified as Non-Discretionary by Compliance Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. If designated as Non-Discretionary, no pre-clearance of trades required.

The Account must first be certified as Non-Discretionary by Compliance Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. If designated as Non-Discretionary, no reporting of trades required.

Periodic sample reviews of statements of non-discretionary accounts will be conducted.

Dividends reinvested through a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)

[Note:  While automatic transactions within DRIPS and ESOPs do not require pre-clearance, any volitional transactions within DRIPS and ESOPs must be pre-cleared]

No, unless the transaction is not automatic

Yes


Securities purchased pursuant to certain Robo Advisory Programs

The Program must first be evaluated by Compliance - Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. If designated as Non-Discretionary, no pre-clearance of trades required.

 The Program must first be evaluated by Compliance - Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. If designated as Non-Discretionary, no reporting of trades required.

Periodic sample reviews of statements of non-discretionary accounts will be conducted.

Security purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by the issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent that such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights were so acquired.

No

Yes


Securities where the Firm acts as an adviser or distributor for the investment, offered in:

·

A hedge fund;

·

Private Placement; or

·

Other Limited Offerings

No

Yes

Firm already must approve in order to invest, which serves as pre-clearance.

Interests in Firm-sponsored limited partnerships or other Firm-sponsored private placements, including those that that are

·

Estate planning transfers

·

Court-ordered transfers

No

Yes

Firm already must approve in order to invest, which serves as pre-clearance.

Securities acquired or sold in connection with the involuntary exercise or assignment of an option.

No, unless you voluntarily exercise an option.  

Yes, securities received must be reported.

Profits from the sale or purchase of a security obtained within 60 days of the exercise of written call or put options are subject to the rule prohibiting such transactions for Investment Personnel.

Ownership Interests in Clipper Holding, LP

No

No


Ownership Interests in TCW Owners, LLC

No

No


Rule 10b5-1 Plans

Prior approval required to enter plan. Transactions pursuant to an approved plan will not require pre-clearance.

Yes


Direct Purchase Plans

Prior approval required to enter plan. Transactions pursuant to an approved plan will not require pre-clearance.

Yes


Direct investments in Cryptocurrencies or Digital Currencies.  Investment products derived from cryptocurrencies or digital currencies are not exempt.

No

No



Exemptive Relief


To seek approval for a Code of Ethics exemption, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.  The Administrator of the Code of Ethics will require a written statement indicating the basis for the requested approval, and coordinate obtaining the approval of the Approving Officers. The Approving Officers have no obligation to grant any requested approval or exemption.


The Approving Officers also may, under appropriate circumstances, grant exemption from Access Person status to any person.


 




Reporting


Personal Investment Reporting


TCW receives automated feeds from many major brokers (Linked Brokers).  If your broker is not a Linked Broker, you must ensure that TCW receives duplicate broker statements.  The Administrator of the Code of Ethics  can inform you if your broker is a Linked Broker, and set up your account for automated feed.  If your broker is not a Linked Broker, the Administrator of the Code of Ethics can assist you with a release letter (407 letter) to allow TCW to receive duplicate statements. Corporate actions such as mergers, purchases and sales, spin-offs, stock splits, stock-on-stock dividends and like activities must also be reported unless made through an account with a Linked Broker. In addition, Access Persons must timely file all reports for all transactions as provided in the tables below. Transactions that must be reported include opening, closing or changing Covered Accounts.  


Reporting on Opening, Changing or Closing a Covered Account


Brokerage Accounts: You must use the StarCompliance,  https://tcw-ng.startcompliance .com, system to enter information about each Covered Account:


Activity

Comments

Exceptions

·

Upon becoming an Access Person

·

Upon opening a new Covered Account while you are an Access Person

Updates must occur within 30 days of the event

You are not required to report or enter information for:

·

Outside Fiduciary Accounts

·

Accounts that can only invest in open end mutual funds

*Accounts holding MetWest and TCW funds require reporting

·

Upon closing, or making any change to a Covered Account while you are an Access Person

Updates must occur within 30 days of the event

N/A




 





Separate Accounts: You must obtain pre-clearance from your group head and the Approving Officers to open a personal separately managed account at the Firm.



Required Certifications


Reports are filed online at https://tcw-ng.starcompliance.com/  


If you will not be able to file a report on time, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics prior to the filing due date.


Certification

When Due

Additional Requirements

Initial Holdings Report

Within 10 days after becoming an Access Person

Include all securities except Exempt Securities


Include all Covered Accounts.  Holdings must be current no earlier than 45 days before you became an Access Person

Quarterly Report of Personal Investment Transactions

By each January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15

Must be filed even if there were no transactions during the period.

Annual Holdings Report

By January 31 of each year

Same as Initial report, except that holdings must be current as of December 31 of the prior year.

Annual Certificate of Compliance

By January 31 of each year


Report on Outside Activities (Includes, among other activities, Directorships, Officerships, Creditor Committees,

Board Observation Rights and Employment)

4th quarter of each year




 


Policy Statement on Insider Trading


Members of the Firm occasionally come into possession of material, non-public information or inside information. Various laws, court decisions, and general ethical standards impose duties with respect to the use of this inside information.


The SEC rules provide that any purchase or sale of a security while having awareness of inside information is illegal regardless of whether the information was a motivating factor in making a trade.  


Courts may attribute one employees knowledge of inside information to other employees that trade in the affected security, even if no actual communication of this knowledge occurred. Thus, by buying or selling a particular Security in the normal course of business, Firm personnel other than those with actual knowledge of inside information could inadvertently subject the Firm to liability.


The risks in this area can be significantly reduced through the use of a combination of trading restrictions and information barriers designed to confine material non-public information to a given individual, group or department (see defined term Ethical Walls).


See the Reference Table below if you have any questions on this Policy or who to consult in certain situations.

 

What You Should Do If You Have Questions About Inside Information?


Topic

You Should Contact:

If you have a question about:

·

The Insider Trading Policy in general

·

Whether information is material or non-public

·

If you have a question about whether you have received inside information on a Firm commingled fund (e.g. partnerships, trusts, mutual funds)

·

Whether you have received material non-public information about a public company

·

Obtaining deal-specific information (pre-clearance is required)

·   Sitting on a Creditors Committee (preapproval is required)

·

Need to have an Ethical Wall established

·

Terminating an Ethical Wall

·

Section 13/16 issues

·

Who is within or outside an Ethical Wall

The Legal Department


·

If you wish to serve on a Board of Directors, serve as an alternate on a Board, serve as a Board Observer or sit on a Creditors Committee (Pre-approval is required)

Administrator of the Code of Ethics

 

In the event of inadvertent or non-intentional disclosure of material non-public information

The Legal Department


TCW Policy on Insider Trading


Trading Prohibition


·

No Access Person of the Firm, either for themselves or on behalf of clients or others, may buy or sell a security (i.e., stock, bonds, convertibles, options, warrants or derivatives tied to a companys securities) while in possession of material, non-public information about the company (except as listed in Deal-Specific Information below).  

·

This applies in the case of both publicly traded and private companies.  

·

This means that you may not buy or sell such securities for yourself or anyone, including your spouse, domestic partner, relative, friend, or client and you may not recommend that anyone else buy or sell a security of a company on the basis of inside information regarding that company.


If you believe you have received oral or written material, non-public information, you should not discuss the information with anyone except the Legal Department. Do not discuss the information with your supervisor, department head or any other individual who is on your team.




 


Communication Prohibition


No Access Person may communicate material, non-public information to others who have no official need to know. This is known as tipping, which also is a violation of the insider trading laws, even if you as the tipper did not personally benefit. Therefore, you should not discuss such information acquired on the job with your spouse, domestic partner or with friends, relatives, clients, or anyone else inside or outside of the Firm except on a need-to-know basis relative to your duties at the Firm.  


Remember that TCW Mutual Funds are publicly traded entities and you may be privy to material non-public information regarding those entities.  Communicating such information in violation of the Firms policies is illegal.


The prohibition on sharing material, non-public information extends to affiliates such as the Carlyle entities.  





What is Material Information?


Information (whether positive or negative) is material:

·

When a reasonable investor would consider it important in making an investment decision or

·

When it could reasonably be expected to have an effect on the price of a companys securities.


Some examples of Material Information are:

·

Earnings results, changes in previously released earnings estimates, liquidity problems, dividend changes, defaults,

·

Projections, major capital investment plans,

·

Significant labor disputes,

·

Significant merger, tender offers, secondary offerings, rights offerings, spin-off, joint venture, stock buy backs, stock splits or acquisition proposals or agreements,

·

New product releases, price changes, schedule changes,

·

Significant accounting changes, credit rating changes, write-offs or charges,

·

Major technological discoveries, breakthroughs or failures,

·

Major contract awards or cancellations, significant regulatory developments (e.g. FDA approvals),

·   Governmental investigations, major litigation or disposition of litigation, or

·

Extraordinary management developments or changes.


Because no clear or bright line definition of what is material exists, assessments sometimes require a fact-specific inquiry.  If you have questions about whether information is material, direct the questions to the Legal Department.



What is Non-Public Information?

Non-public information is information that:

·

Has not been disseminated broadly to investors in the marketplace, such as a press release or publication in the Wall Street Journal or other generally circulated publication; or

·

Has not become available to the general public through a public filing with the SEC or some other governmental agency, Bloomberg, or release by Standard & Poors or Reuters.


Examples of How TCW Personnel Could Obtain Inside Information and What You Should Do In These Cases


Examples of how a person could come into possession of inside information include:


Board of Directors Seats or Observation Rights

·

Most public companies have restrictions on trading by Board members except during trading window periods.  

·

Anyone who wishes to serve on a Board of Directors or as a Board Observer must seek pre-approval and complete the Outside Business Activity Form that is posted on myTCW and submit it to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will coordinate the approval process.

·

If approval is granted, the Administrator of the Code of Ethics will notify the Legal Department so that the appropriate Ethical Wall and/or restricted securities listing can be made.


Portfolio Managers:

·

Sitting on Boards of public companies in connection with an equity or fixed income position that they manage; or

·

Having the intent to control or work with others to attempt to influence or control a company.

·

Working with expert network consultants who were recent employees of a company involving a major transaction.


Should be mindful of:

·

SEC filing obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act

·    Short swing profits restrictions and penalties related to purchases and sales of shares held in client accounts within a 6-month period.


The Legal Department should be consulted in these situations.


Deal-Specific Information


Employees may receive inside information for legitimate purposes such as:

·

In the context of  a direct investment, secondary transaction or participation in a transaction for a client account

·

In the context of forming a confidential relationship

·

Receiving private information through on-line services such as Intralinks.


This deal-specific information may be used by the department to which it was given for the purpose for which it was given. This type of situation typically arises in:

·

mezzanine financings,

·

loan participations, bank debt financings,

·

venture capital financing,

·

purchases of distressed securities,

·

oil and gas investments, and

·

purchases of substantial blocks of stock from insiders.


It should be assumed that inside information is transmitted whenever:

·

A confidentiality agreement is entered into;

·

An oral agreement is made or an expectation exists that you will maintain the information as confidential; or

·

There is a pattern or practice of sharing confidences so that the recipient knows or reasonably should know that the provider expects the information to be kept confidential, such pattern or practice is sufficient to form a confidential relationship.  


There is a presumed duty of trust and confidence when a person receives material non-public information from his or her spouse, parent, child, or sibling.


Remember that even if the transaction for which the deal-specific information is received involves securities that are not publicly traded, the issuer may have other classes of traded securities, and the receipt of  inside information can affect the ability of other product groups at the Firm to trade in those securities.



 


If you are to receive any deal-specific information or material, non-public information on a company (whether domestic or foreign), contact the Legal Department, who then will implement the appropriate Ethical Wall and trading procedures.




 


Participation in Rapid Fire Capital Infusions


Overview


From time to time, public companies may seek rapid-fire capital infusions of capital from institutional investors. In the past, these have involved investment banks contacting potential investors, often over the weekends, on a pre-announcement basis.


What Should You Do?


If you work with marketable security strategies and you receive a call to participate in an offering before it is publicly announced, please contact the Legal Department, General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Do not ask the name of the company that is the subject of the financing or agree to any confidentiality or standstill agreements. Otherwise, you may restrict trading in your and other portfolios and the Firm. Your email should include the contact information for the person who contacted you.


What Are The Ramifications For Participating In A Rapid Fire Capital Infusion?


Historically, the Firms marketable securities strategies have not received material non-public information and have relied solely on public information.  Some of the ramifications of your participating in a rapid fire capital infusion are:

·

Your accounts will be restricted for the company in question as soon as you learn about the name of the company, even if you decide not to participate.  There is no ability to preview the names because just knowing about the potential transaction is in itself material non-public information.  

·

A restriction in a name could last for a period of time and that period cannot be predicted in advance. In many cases, it may be a fairly short period (a week or so).

·

You will need to be available or designate someone in your portfolio management group to be fully available at night and possibly over the weekend to consider the transaction(s).


If your group decides to participate in the offering, the Legal Department will work with your group to implement appropriate Ethical Wall procedures with the goal of ensuring that others at the Firm who do not have the information will not be frozen in their trading securities of the issuer.  The shares of the company at issue will be restricted in accounts managed by your group and possibly others at the Firm until after the terms of the financing (or other material non-public information) are publicly announced.




 


Creditors Committees


Members of the Firm may be asked to participate on a Creditors Committee which is given access to inside information.  Since this could affect the Firms ability to trade in securities in the company, before agreeing to sit on any Creditors Committee, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will obtain any necessary approvals and notify the Legal Department so that the appropriate Ethical Wall can be established and/or restricted securities listings can be made.  



Information about TCW Products


Employees could come into possession of inside information about the Firms limited partnerships, trusts, and mutual funds that is not generally known to their investors or the public. The following could be considered inside information:


·

Plans with respect to dividends, closing down a fund or changes in portfolio management personnel

·

Buying or selling securities in a Firm product with knowledge of an imminent change in dividends or

·

A large-scale buying or selling program or a sudden shift in allocation that was not generally known

Disclosing holdings of the TCW Mutual Funds on a selective basis could also be viewed as an improper disclosure of non-public information and should not be done. The Firm currently discloses holdings of the TCW Mutual Funds to the general public and investors through tcw.com on a monthly basis. This disclosure may occur on or prior to the 15th calendar day following the end of that month (or, if the 15th calendar day is not a business day, the next business day thereafter). Disclosure of these funds holdings at other times, where a general disclosure has not yet been made through tcw.com, requires special confidentiality procedures and must be pre-cleared with the Legal Department (See the Marketing and Communications Policy for further information concerning portfolio holdings disclosure).

In the event of inadvertent or unintentional disclosure of material non-public information, the person making the disclosure should immediately contact the Legal Department or General Counsel.  The Legal Department should notify the Administrator of the Code of Ethics of this type of inside information so that appropriate restrictions can be put in place.


Contacts with Public Companies


Contacts with public companies are an important part of the Firms research efforts coupled with publicly available information. Difficult legal issues arise when an employee becomes aware of material, non-public information through a company contact. This could happen, for example, if a companys Chief Financial Officer prematurely discloses quarterly results, or if an investor-relations representative makes a selective disclosure of adverse news to a handful of investors. In such situations, the Firm must make a judgment regarding its further trading conduct.


If an issue arises in this area, a research analysts notes could become subject to scrutiny. Research analysts notes have become increasingly the target of plaintiffs attorneys in securities class actions.


The SEC has declared publicly that they will take strict action against what they see as selective disclosures by corporate insiders to securities analysts, even when the corporate insider was getting no personal benefit and was trying to correct market misinformation. Analysts and portfolio managers who have private discussions with management of a company should be clear about whether they desire to obtain inside information and become restricted or not receive such information.


If an analyst or portfolio manager receives what he or she believes is inside information and if you feel you received it in violation of a corporate insiders fiduciary duty or for his or her personal benefit, you should not trade and should discuss the situation with the Legal Department.


Expert Networks


The Firm may, from time to time, execute agreements with companies that provide access to a group of professionals, specialized information or research services (Expert Networks).  In such circumstances, Expert Networks are engaged to provide authorized TCW employees with information that may be helpful in TCW understanding an industry, legislative initiatives, and many other important topical areas.  However, TCW is mindful of the fact that Expert Networks present significant legal, compliance and regulatory risks concerning the receipt and transmission of materially non-public information.  Given this inherent risk, TCW requires that the compliance policies of each Expert Network are reviewed and approved by our Compliance Department prior to entering into an agreement for services.  Furthermore, the Firm requires that each employee who wishes to participate in an Expert Network read and confirm their understanding of the Firm Expert Network Guidelines, as well as complete an Insider Trading training module to ensure that they understand the Firm policies regarding material non-public information and insider trading. Each TCW employee that participates in a meeting with an Expert Network, regardless of the medium through which the meeting is conducted (i.e. phone, video call, or any other means by which such meeting may occur), should create notes during or contemporaneously with the meeting (Notes).  These Notes should be delivered to the Compliance Department within seven (7) days of the meeting.


The Compliance Department will periodically sample and conduct a review of calls by inspecting the Notes, and/or any written or audio recording of the call that may be available.  If, based upon this review, Compliance determines that MNPI may have been disclosed during a call, they will immediately notify the General Counsel and the Chief Compliance Officer.  A review to determine if MNPI was received, and any actions to be taken, will be conducted in accordance with TCWs policies and procedures regarding MNPI.

What Is The Effect Of Receiving Inside Information?


Any person actually receiving inside information is subject to the trading and communication prohibitions discussed above. However, restrictions may extend to other persons and departments within the company. In the event of receipt of inside information by an employee, the Firm generally will:


Establish an Ethical Wall around the individual or a select group or department, and/or place a firm wide restriction on securities in the affected company that would bar any purchases or sales of the securities by any department or person within the Firm, whether for a client or personal account unless there is specific approval from the Compliance or Legal Departments.


In connection with the Ethical Wall protocol, those persons falling within the Ethical Wall would be subject to the trading prohibition and, except for need-to-know communications to others within the Ethical Wall, the communication prohibition discussed above. The breadth of the Ethical Wall and the persons included within it will be determined on a case-by-case basis. In these circumstances, the Ethical Wall procedures are designed to isolate the inside information and restrict access to it to an individual or select group to allow the remainder of the Firm not to be affected by it.


In any case where an Ethical Wall is imposed, the Ethical Wall procedures discussed below must be strictly observed. Each Group Head is responsible for ensuring that members of his or her group abide by these Ethical Wall procedures in every instance.  


Does TCW Monitor Trading Activities?


Yes, TCW monitors trading activities through one or more of the following:

 

· Conducts reviews of trading in public securities listed on the Restricted Securities List.

· Surveys client account transactions that may violate laws against insider trading and, when necessary, investigates such trades

· Conducts monitoring of the Ethical Walls.

· Reviews personal securities trading to identify insider trading, other violations of the law or violations of the Firms policies.

· Obtains securities holding and transaction reports as required by SEC rules and regulations.


Penalties and Enforcement by SEC and Private Litigants




Insider trading violations subject both the Firm and the individuals involved to severe civil and criminal penalties and could result in damaging the reputation of the Firm. Violations constitute grounds for disciplinary sanctions, including dismissal.


The SEC pursues all cases of insider trading regardless of size and parties involved.  Penalties for violations are severe for both the individual and possibly his or her employer. The regulators, the market and the Firm view violations seriously and there can be significant fines, jail time and lawsuits.


Ethical Wall Procedures


The SEC has long recognized that procedures designed to isolate inside information to specific individuals or groups can be a legitimate means of curtailing attribution of knowledge of such inside information to an entire company. These types of procedures are known as Ethical Wall procedures. In those situations where the Firm believes inside information can be isolated, the following Ethical Wall procedures would apply. These Ethical Wall procedures are designed to quarantine or isolate the individuals or select group of persons with the inside information within the Ethical Wall.


Identification of the Walled-In Individual or Group


The persons subject to the Ethical Wall will be identified by name or group designation. If the Ethical Wall procedures are applicable simply because of someone serving on a Board of Directors of a public company in a personal capacity, the Ethical Wall likely will apply exclusively to that individual, although in certain circumstances expanding the wall may be appropriate. When the information is received as a result of being on a Creditors Committee, serving on a Board in a capacity related to the Firms investment activities, or receiving deal-specific information, the walled-in group generally will refer to the group associated with the deal and, in some cases, related groups or groups that are highly interactive with that group. Determination of the breadth of the Ethical Wall is fact-specific and must be made by the Legal Department, the General Counsel, or the Chief Compliance Officer. Therefore, as noted above, advising them if you come into possession of material, non-public information is important. If you are in a group where you expect to continuously receive material non-public information as part of its strategy, a global Ethical Wall may be required to be imposed on the department.


Isolation of Information


Fundamental to the concept of an Ethical Wall is that the inside information be effectively quarantined to the walled-in group. The two basic procedures that must be followed to accomplish this are as follows: restrictions on communications and restrictions on access to information.


Restrictions on Communications


Communications regarding the inside information of the subject company should only be held with persons within the walled-in group on a need-to-know basis or with the General Counsel, the Legal Department or Chief Compliance Officer. Communications should be discreet and should not be held in the halls, in the lunchroom or on cellular phones. In some cases using code names for the subject company as a precautionary measure may be appropriate.


If persons outside of the group are aware of your access to information and ask you about the target company, they should be told simply that you are not at liberty to discuss it. On occasion, discussing the matter with someone at the Firm outside of the group may be desirable. However, no such communications should be held without first receiving the prior clearance of the General Counsel, the Legal Department, or the Chief Compliance Officer. In such case, the person outside of the group and possibly his or her entire department, thereby will be designated as inside the wall and will be subject to all Ethical Wall restrictions in this policy.

Restrictions on Access to Information


The files, computer files and offices where confidential information is physically stored generally should be made inaccessible to persons not within the walled-in group.


Trading Activities by Persons within the Wall


Persons within the Ethical Wall are prohibited from buying or selling securities in the subject company, whether on behalf of the Firm or clients or in personal transactions except:


·

Where the affected persons have received deal-specific information, the persons are permitted to use the information to consummate the deal for which deal-specific information was given (Note that if the transaction is a secondary trade (vs. a direct company issuance), the Legal Department should be consulted to determine  any disclosure obligations to the counterparty, and

·

In connection with a client directed liquidation of an account in full provided that no confidential information has been shared with the client.  The liquidating portfolio manager should confirm to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics in connection with such liquidation that no confidential information was shared with the client.


Termination of Ethical Wall Procedures


When the information that is the subject of the Ethical Wall has been publicly disseminated, a confidentiality agreement expires and information is no longer being provided or if the information has become stale, the person who contacted the Legal or Compliance Department to have the Ethical Wall established must notify the Legal Department as to whether the Ethical Wall can be terminated.   This is particularly true if the information was received in an isolated circumstance such as an inadvertent disclosure to an analyst or receipt of deal-specific information.


Persons who by reason of an ongoing relationship or position with the company are exposed more frequently to the receipt of such information (e.g., being a member of the Board of Directors or on a Creditors Committee) would be subject ordinarily to the Ethical Wall procedures on a continuing basis and may be permitted to trade only during certain window periods when the company permits such access persons to trade.


Certain Operational Procedures


The following are certain operational procedures that will be followed to ensure communication of insider trading policies to Firm employees and enforcement thereof by the Firm.


Maintenance of Restricted List


The Restricted Securities List is updated as needed by the Administrator of the Code of Ethics, who distributes it as necessary. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics also updates an annotated copy of the list and maintains the history of each item that has been deleted. This annotated Restricted Securities List is available to the General Counsel and the Chief Compliance Officer, as well as any additional persons, which either of them may approve.


The Restricted Securities List restricts issuers (i.e., companies) and not just specific securities issued by the issuer. The list of ticker symbols on the Restricted Securities List should not be considered the complete list the key is that you are restricted as to the company or a derivative that is tied to the company. This is of particular importance to the strategies which may invest in securities listed on foreign exchanges.


The Restricted Securities List must be checked before each trade. If an order is not completed on one day, then the open order should be checked against the Restricted Securities List every day it is open beyond the approved period that was given (e.g., the waiver you received was for a specific period, such as one day).


Exemptions


Once an issuer is placed on the Restricted Securities List, any purchase or sale specified on the list (whether a personal trade or on behalf of a client account) must be cleared with the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.


 


Gifts & Entertainment: Anti-Corruption Policy


Access Persons may provide reasonable Gifts and Entertainment for the bona fide purpose of promoting, demonstrating, or explaining Firm services, including fostering strong client relationships.


Where possible, or as required in this Policy, you should notify your department head before, or after, providing or accepting any Gifts or Entertainment, even if no other approval is required. As discussed below, Access Persons may also be required to obtain approval when giving or receiving certain Gifts and Entertainment. Unless otherwise specified below, if approvals are required, you must submit your request through StarCompliance for approval by the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. Access Persons must obtain prior written approval from the Administrator of the Code of Ethics where required. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics shall elevate the request in the event of high risk or higher value gifts, or as otherwise necessary or appropriate.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in light of the impromptu nature of some Entertainment, approval for Access Persons providing entertainment may on occasion be after the fact. After the fact approval shall not be deemed a violation of this Policy where (1) approval prior to such impromptu Entertainment was not feasible, and (2) the provision of such Entertainment or the value of such Entertainment does not violate applicable U.S. or local laws. However, to the extent  feasible,  any  required  approvals  should  be  obtained  before  accepting  or giving Gifts  or Entertainment. It is the Access Persons responsibility to seek prior approval from the Administrator of the Code of Ethics for Gifts and Entertainment which can be reasonably anticipated in advance of travel, events, meetings, conferences, or other similar circumstances where Gifts or Entertainment may be given or received.  Repeated reliance on the impromptu nature of giving or receiving Gifts or Entertainment may be considered a violation of this Policy and may result in disciplinary action.


Gifts


A Gift is anything of value given or received without paying its reasonable fair value (e.g. merchandise, cash, gift cards, favors, credit, special discounts on goods or services, free services, loans of goods or money, tickets to sports or entertainment events, trips and hotel expenses where Access Persons are not present as attendees).  Entertainment (as defined below) is not a Gift.

·

A Gift must only be provided as a courtesy or token of regard or esteem (Token Gift).

·

Any Token Gifts should be appropriate under the circumstances, not be excessive in value (generally, not more than $100) and involve no element of concealment.

·

Gifts of cash or cash equivalents are prohibited.

 

You may not give or accept a Gift if you know, or have reason to know, that it is not permitted under the applicable laws.  



Entertainment or Similar Expenditures


Entertainment generally means the attendance by you and your hosts or guests at a meal, sporting event, theater production, or comparable event and also might include travel to, or accommodation expenses at, a conference or an out-of-town event.


·

Business Entertainment (including meals, sporting events, theater productions, or comparable events) may only be provided if (i) a legitimate business purpose exists for such entertainment and (ii) such entertainment is reasonable and not excessive (e.g., 3 days of golf for a 1-day seminar is excessive and not reasonable).

·

You may never pay or accept payment of Entertainment or similar expenditures if they are not commensurate with local custom or practice or if you know or have reason to know that they are not permitted under the applicable laws.

Access Persons are required to follow the approval process set forth below, and in this Policy, to obtain the requisite approvals, if any, before or after giving or receiving Gifts or Entertainment.


Gifts, Entertainment, Payments & Preferential Treatment


Gifts or Entertainment may create an actual or apparent conflict of interest, which could affect (or appear to affect) the recipients independent business judgment.  Therefore, the Policy establishes reasonable limits and procedures relating to giving and receiving Gifts and Entertainment.


If approval is required, Access Persons should request approval through StarCompliance, and wait for a decision before taking any action.  The Administrator of the Code of Ethics shall review the submission with your department head and the Approving Officers, as appropriate. Registered Persons are required to log gifts & entertainment given or received in StarCompliance. Refer to the table below which describes the Gifts & Entertainment for which a log may be required.  If you have any doubt about whether a Gift or Entertainment requires approval, you should err on the side of caution and seek approval. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in light of the impromptu nature of some Entertainment, approval for Access Persons providing entertainment may on occasion be after the fact. After the fact approval shall not be deemed a violation of this Policy where (1) approval prior to such impromptu Entertainment was not feasible, and (2) the provision of such Entertainment or the value of such Entertainment does not violate applicable U.S. or local laws. However, to the extent  feasible,  any  required  approvals  should  be  obtained  before  accepting  or giving Gifts or Entertainment.  It is the Access Persons responsibility to seek prior approval from the Administrator of the Code of Ethics for Gifts and Entertainment which can be reasonably anticipated in advance of travel, events, meetings, conferences, or other similar circumstances where Gifts or Entertainment may be given or received.  Repeated reliance on the impromptu nature of giving or receiving Gifts or Entertainment may be considered a violation of this Policy and may result in disciplinary action.


Gifts Provided By the Firm/Access Persons


Type of Gift To Be Given

Approval Required

Cash Gifts (including gift cards)

Prohibited

Token Gifts (e.g. bottles of wine, fruit baskets, books) under $100 (unless given to a Foreign Official or Domestic Official)

No Approval Required

Gifts in excess of $100 that seem appropriate under the circumstances

Pre-Approval Required

Personal Charitable Gifts given where the recipient has a known business relationship with or a connection to a client or potential client of the Firm

Pre-Approval Required

Gifts to Foreign Officials or Domestic Officials (regardless of value)

Pre-Approval Required

Charitable Gifts given on behalf of the Firm

Pre-Approval Required.  The Charitable Contribution request form must be completed before making the Gift.

Gifts by TCW Funds Distributors LLC  (formerly, TCW Brokerage Services), a limited-purpose broker-dealer (TFD) Registered Persons aggregating less than $100 per year

No Approval Required, But Each Individual Must Maintain Their Own Log On StarCompliance Showing:

·

Name of recipient(s)

·

Date of Gift(s)

·

Value of Gift(s)

A log is not required to record gifts of de minimis value (e.g. pens, notepads or modest desk ornaments) or promotional items of nominal value that display the firms logo (e.g. umbrellas, tote bags or shirts) that are substantially below the $100 limit. However, all other gifts MUST be logged. If you are in doubt if something meets the de minimis standard, then the gift should be logged.

Gifts by TFD Registered Persons aggregating more than $100 per year that do not relate to the business of the recipient's employer. Examples of gifts not relating to the business of the recipients employer include personal gifts (not paid for by TCW) where there is a pre-existing personal or family relationship between you and the recipient.

Pre-Approval Required, And Must Maintain Log Showing:

·

Name of recipient(s)

·

Date of Gift(s)

·

Value of Gift(s)

Gifts by TFD Registered Persons aggregating more than $100 per year that do relate to the business of the recipient's employer

Prohibited

Gifts to Unions or Union Officers

Pre-Approval Required. The Request Form for Approval for Gift/Entertainment must be completed before making the gift. In addition, an LM-10 Information Report is required to be completed, approved by an officer and submitted to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics and to the Legal Department for each occurrence.







 


Entertainment and Hospitality Provided by the Firm/Access Persons

 

Amount  

Approval Required

$250 or less per person and $2,500 or less in aggregate per event

No Approval Required

Greater than $250 per person or $2,500 or more in aggregate per event

Pre-Approval Required

Attendance and participation at educational or industry sponsored events (for example, tickets for attendance or purchasing a table at an industry conference)

No Approval Required

If provided to Unions or Union Officers

Pre-Approval Required.

The Request Form for Approval for Gift/Entertainment must be completed before making the entertainment. In addition, an LM-10 Information Report is required to be completed, approved by an officer and submitted to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics and to the Legal Department for each occurrence.

If provided to a Foreign Official or Domestic Official  (regardless of value)

Pre-Approval Required


Note that for public pension plans, and in some cases other clients, Gifts or Entertainment may have to be disclosed by the Firm in response to client questionnaires and may reflect unfavorably on the Firm in obtaining business. Receipt of Gifts may even lead to disqualification.  Therefore, discretion and restraint is advised.


Gifts and Entertainment Received by Firm Personnel


You should not accept Gifts that are of excessive value (generally, $100 or more) or inappropriate under the circumstances. Access Persons are required to report any gift that they receive worth more than $100 to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.


If a Gift has a value over $100 and is not approved as being otherwise appropriate, you should (i) reject the Gift, (ii) give the Gift to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will return it to the person giving the Gift (you may include a cover note), or (iii) if returning the Gift could affect friendly relations between a third party and the Firm, give it to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics, which will donate it to charity.


If the host of an event is personally present at the event, the event will be considered Entertainment; otherwise, it will be considered a Gift.  You should not accept any invitation for Entertainment that is excessive or inappropriate under the circumstances.  There may be some circumstances where it is difficult to reject an invitation or provision of hospitality or Entertainment.  Where rejecting such an invitation or provision of hospitality could affect friendly relations between a third party and the Firm, use your best judgment and promptly report the entertainment or hospitality to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics shall review such situation with your department head and the Approving Officers, as appropriate. No absolute rules exist, so good judgment must be exercised, considering the context, circumstances, and frequency of the Entertainment or hospitality.  For example, approval might be required for an out-of-town sporting event, but not for a business conference in the same venue.


In light of the nature of Gift-giving and the impromptu nature of some Entertainment, approval for Access Persons accepting such items may often be after the fact.  However, to the extent feasible, any required approvals should be obtained before accepting Gifts or Entertainment.  Where prior approval is not possible with respect to impromptu Gifts or Entertainment, the Access Persons receiving such Gift or Entertainment must seek approval as soon as is reasonably practicable.  If such Gift or Entertainment received is impermissible under U.S. or local laws, then the Administrator for the Code of Ethics may require the Access Persons to return the Gifts or reimburse such Entertainment received.


Type of Gift/Entertainment Received

Approval required

Cash Gifts (including gift cards)

Prohibited

Solicitation by Access Persons of Gifts from clients, suppliers, brokers, business partners, or potential business partners

Prohibited

Appropriate Gifts with value of $100 or less*

No Approval Required

Tickets(s) to attend an industry conference or seminar paid by a vendor or other third party

(note that payment of airfare, accommodations, meals and other expenses paid by such vendor or third party would still require approval, unless exempted per the Speaker Exemption below)

·

No Approval Required

Gifts believed to have a value in excess of $100, that seem appropriate under the circumstances*

Approval Required

Gifts given to a wide group of recipients (e.g. closing dinner Gifts, holiday Gifts)*

No Approval Required

Gifts received from the same donor more than twice in a calendar year*

Approval Required

Entertainment on a personal basis, involving a small group of people, more than twice in one calendar year

Approval Required

Entertainment over $250 per event*

Approval Required

Out-of-town accommodations and airfare for business conference or other industry event paid by sponsor as speaker expenses, or on the same basis as other attendees (the Speaker Exemption)

No Approval Required

Other out-of-town travel expenses, other than on a business trip or industry conference that is customary and usual for business purposes

Approval Required


*For Investment Personnel only:

·

All Gifts and Entertainment, of any value, received from broker/dealers must be reported in StarCompliance.

·

All Gifts received from broker/dealers with a value in excess of $100/person are prohibited and should be returned to the broker/dealer or turned over to Compliance for appropriate disposition.

·

If an Investment Personnel is granted approval to accept entertainment with a value in excess of $250 per event from a broker/dealer, that person must personally pay the amount in excess of $250 and must maintain records indicating such payment.


Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)


The FCPA permits small payments to low-level Foreign Officials (typically in countries with pervasive corruption) to expedite or secure the performance of non-discretionary government action (e.g., processing governmental papers, providing police protection, and providing mail service) under limited circumstances (Facilitating Payments).  Nevertheless, because such payments may be illegal under the local law of the foreign country involved and/or other applicable anti-corruption laws and rules, such as the Bribery Act, this Policy prohibits Firm Personnel from making such payments, regardless of whether such payments would be permissible under the FCPA.

 

Statement of Purpose


TCW (the Firm) is committed to complying with all applicable anti-corruption laws and rules, including, but not limited to, the U.S Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the FCPA), the U.S. Travel Act (the Travel Act), the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 (the Bribery Act) and any laws enacted pursuant to the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (the OECD Convention).  The purpose of this Anti-Corruption Policy (the Policy) is to ensure compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws and rules.  


Of course, no policy can anticipate every possible situation that might arise.  As such, Firm Personnel (defined below) are encouraged to discuss any questions that they may have relating to the Policy with their supervisor, Firm contact or the Legal or Compliance Departments.  When in doubt, Firm Personnel should seek guidance.


Scope


This Policy is mandatory and applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Firm and any persons engaged to act on behalf of the Firm, including agents, representatives, temporary agency personnel, consultants, and contract-based personnel, wherever located (collectively referred to as Firm Personnel).  Violations of this Policy may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment and referral to regulatory and criminal authorities.


Prohibited Conduct


Firm Personnel shall not, directly or indirectly, make, offer, or authorize any gift, payment or other inducement for the benefit of any person, including a Foreign Official or Domestic Official, with the intent that the recipient misuse his/her position to aid the Firm in obtaining, retaining, or directing business.


 


Foreign Official includes government officials, political party leaders, candidates for public office, employees of state-owned enterprises (such as state-owned banks or pension plans), employees of public international organizations (such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund), and close relatives or agents of any of the foregoing.  Because U.S. regulators have a very broad view of what constitutes a Foreign Official, Firm Personnel should err on the side of caution by treating counter-parties as Foreign Officials when in doubt.


Domestic Official means any officer or employee of any government entity, department, agency, or instrumentality (federal, state, or local) in the U.S., candidates for public office, and close relatives or agents of any of the foregoing.  

For purposes of this Policy, Foreign Official and Domestic Official also includes individuals who have actual influence in the award of business and any person or entity hired to review or accept bids for a government entity.


All payments, whether large or small, are prohibited if they are, in substance, bribes or kickbacks, including, cash payments, gifts, and the provision of hospitality and entertainment expenses.  Personal funds (your own or a third partys) must not be used to accomplish what is otherwise prohibited by this Policy.


Firm Personnel are also prohibited from requesting, agreeing to accept, or accepting Gifts from any third party in exchange for or as a reward for improper or unapproved performance of their job responsibilities.


Health or Safety Exception


Facilitating Payments are permitted in rare circumstances when the health or safety of Firm Personnel (or anyone else) is at risk.  If a payment is made pursuant to this limited exception, Firm Personnel must report the payment and circumstances to the Legal Department as soon as possible after the health or safety of the individual(s) is no longer at risk.  The payment must also be accurately recorded in the Firms books and records.


Third Party Representatives


Under the FCPA and other anti-bribery laws, the Firm may be held responsible for the misconduct of its agents, representatives, business partners, consultants, contractors or any other third party engaged to act on the Firms behalf (collectively Third Party Representatives). As such, prior to entering into an agreement with any Third Party Representative regarding business outside the United States, the Firm shall perform anti-corruption related due diligence and obtain from the Third Party Representative appropriate assurances of compliance in accordance with this Policy.  The Legal Department is required to approve all engagements with Third Party Representatives. Any anti-corruption compliance issue that comes to the attention of any Firm Personnel must be reported to the General Counsel and addressed before proceeding with the relevant transaction or doing business with or through a Third Party Representative.


Firm Personnel should be alert to the activities of any Third Party Representative with whom they interact and promptly report any suspicious activity to the Legal Department.  Firm Personnel should be especially alert to Third Party Representatives who are located in or interact with individuals in countries with high levels of corruption (the United States Department of Justice and Transparency International maintain internet-accessible lists of countries where corruption is a concern). Firm Personnel must consult with the Legal Department whenever encountering a situation involving any anti-corruption issue, including a Red Flag, or any other similar situation.


It is important for Firm Personnel to identify and report anti-corruption compliance issues in the ordinary course of business.  To this end, the following shall apply to all Firm Personnel:


a.

Familiarize yourself with the examples of Red Flags listed in this Policy; Attend anti-corruption training as applicable so you can identify the types of situations that may raise Red Flags or other compliance concerns that are not enumerated in this Policy;

b.

Be vigilant in detecting Red Flags; it is prohibited to consciously avoid or close your eyes to a violation or to a Red Flag;

c.

Look out for Red Flags both before and during a relationship with any transaction partner; and

d.

If you have information concerning a potential Red Flag, contact the General Counsel immediately.  


No Firm Personnel who in good faith provides information regarding a possible Red Flag will suffer any retaliation or adverse employment decision as a consequence of such report.


The existence of a Red Flag does not necessarily mean that a violation has occurred or will occur.  However, once a Red Flag arises, Firm Personnel must report the Red Flag to the Legal Department who will oversee a reasonable inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the Red Flag.  Upon request, other Firm Personnel will cooperate with and assist in the review of the Red Flag.  The extent of this inquiry will depend on the facts of the particular situation and the degree of risk involved.

  

Red Flag Reporting


Firm Personnel are required to promptly report to the General Counsel any situations that raise anti-corruption compliance Red Flags.  All Firm Personnel are expected to be alert to any Red Flags or other situations that may indicate any compliance issues.  The existence of a Red Flag requires additional diligence to address potential problems before a transaction may go forward.  Red Flags include (but are not limited to):


· A request for reimbursement of extraordinary, poorly documented, or last minute expenses;

· A request for payment in cash, to a numbered account, or to an account in the name of someone other than the appropriate counterparty;

· A request for payment in a country other than the one in which the transaction is taking place or counterparty is located, especially if it is a country with limited banking transparency;

· An unreasonable request (taking into consideration the circumstances of the request, including the size of payment and the timing of the request) for payment in advance or prior to an award of a contract, license, concession, or other business;

· A refusal by a party to certify that it will comply with the requirements and prohibitions of this Policy, applicable anti-corruption laws and rules;

· A refusal, if asked, to disclose owners, partners, or principals;

· Use of shell or holding companies that obscure an entitys ownership without credible explanation;

· As measured by local customs or standards, or under circumstances particular to the partys environment, the partys business seems understaffed, ill equipped, or inconveniently located to undertake its proposed relationship with the Firm;

· The party, under the circumstances, appears to have insufficient know-how or experience to provide the services the Firm needs; and

· In the case of engaging a Third Party Representative, the potential Third Party Representative:

o

has an employee or a family member of an employee in a government position, particularly if the family member is or could be in a position to direct business to the Firm;

o

is insolvent or has significant financial difficulties that would reasonably be expected to impact its dealings with the Firm;

o

displays ignorance of or indifference to local laws and regulations;

o

is unable to provide appropriate business references;

o

lacks transparency in expenses and accounting records;

o

is the subject of credible rumors or media reports of inappropriate payments; or

o

requests payment that is disproportionate to the services provided.


Mandatory Reporting


Firm Personnel and Third Party Representatives are required to promptly report to the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer any instance in which they believe that they, or any other Firm Personnel or Third Party Representative may have violated this Policy.  All suspected violations of this Policy, including minor violations, should be reported.  For example, a failure to obtain pre-approval before giving Gifts in excess of $100 should be reported.  In addition, Firm Personnel and Third Party Representatives must alert the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer if anyone solicits improper Gifts, payments or other inducements from them, including any request made by a



 


Foreign Official or Domestic Official for a payment that would be prohibited under this Policy or any other actions taken to induce such a payment.


Firm Personnel may also report suspected violations of this Policy as specified in the Firms Whistleblower Policy.  


Books and Records


The Firm is required to maintain books and records that accurately reflect the Firms transactions, use of Firm assets, and other similar information.  The Firm is also required to maintain the internal accounting controls necessary to maintain proper control over the Firms actions. The Firm should not create any undisclosed or unrecorded accounts for any purpose.  False or artificial entries are not to be made in the books and records of the Firm for any reason.

Outside Business Activities


General


The Firm discourages employees from holding outside employment, including consulting. In addition, an employee may not engage in outside employment that:

·

interferes, competes, or conflicts with the interests of the Firm or gives an appearance of a conflict of interest.

o

Employment in the securities brokerage industry is prohibited.

o

Employees must abstain from negotiating, approving, or voting on any transaction between the Firm and any outside organization with which they are affiliated, except in the ordinary course of providing services for the Firm and on a fully disclosed basis.

·

encroaches on normal working time or otherwise impairs performance,

·

implies Firm sponsorship or support of an outside organization, or

·

adversely reflects directly or indirectly on the Firm.


A conflict of interest may arise if an employee is engaged in an outside business activity (OBA) or receives any compensation for outside services that may be inconsistent with the Firms business interests. Examples of OBAs may include, but are not limited to, the following:

·

Outside employment

·

Serving in any capacity of any non-affiliated company or institution

·

Accepting appointment as a fiduciary, including executor, trustee, guardian, conservator or general partner, except for the employee or immediate family for estate planning and other non-commercial and personal purposes

·

Honorariums, public speaking appearances or instruction courses at educational institutions

·    Providing investment advice, or any other financial services to, any person, organization or association, including any that are exclusively charitable, fraternal, religious, civic and are recognized as tax exempt


Obtaining Approval/Reporting


All employees are required to obtain pre-approval before engaging in any OBA by submitting an Outside Business Activity request through StarCompliance. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics will then coordinate the approval and reporting process.


In addition, all employees are required to submit an initial Outside Business Activity request upon their hire through StarCompliance if they have any OBA. Each employee that has disclosed an OBA must submit an updated request upon material changes to the activity or role involved. All employees will also complete the Report on Outside Business Activity annually.



 


Political Activities & Contributions


Introduction


In the U.S., both federal and state laws impose restrictions on certain kinds of political contributions and activities. These laws apply not only to U.S. citizens, but also to foreign nationals and both U.S. and foreign corporations and other institutions. Accordingly, the Firm has adopted policies and procedures concerning political contributions and activities regarding federal, state, and local candidates, officials and political parties.


This policy applies to the Firm and all employees, and in some cases to affiliates, consultants, placement agents and solicitors working for the Firm. Failure to comply with these rules could result in civil or criminal penalties for the Firm and the individuals involved or loss of business for the Firm.


These policies are intended to comply with these laws and regulations and to avoid any appearance of impropriety. These policies are not intended to otherwise interfere with an individuals right to participate in the political process. If you have any questions about political contributions or activities, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.


General Rules


All persons are prohibited from making or soliciting political contributions where the purpose is to assist the Firm in obtaining or retaining business.


No employee shall apply pressure, direct or implied, on any other employee that infringes upon an individuals right to decide whether, to whom, in what capacity, or in what amount or extent, to engage in political activities.


All persons are prohibited from doing indirectly or through another person anything prohibited by these policies and procedures or to avoid a required review for approval.


Fundraising and Soliciting Political Contributions


Firm officers, directors or other personnel may not make political solicitations under the auspices of the Firm, unless authorized in writing by the General Counsel who will maintain a copy. Use of Firm letterhead, email signature blocks, logos or other identifiers of TCW is prohibited.


Any solicitation or invitations to fundraisers by a Firm officer, director or other personnel on behalf of candidates, party committees or political committees must:


·    originate from the individuals home address,

·

make clear that the solicitation is not sponsored by the Firm, and

·

make clear that the contribution is voluntary on the part of the person being solicited.


Rules Governing Firm Contributions and Activities


Federal Elections


The Firm is prohibited from:


·

making or facilitating contributions to federal candidates from corporate treasury funds,

·

making or facilitating contributions or donations to federal political party committees and making donations to state and local political party committees if the committees use the funds for federal election activities,

·

using, or allowing the use of, corporate facilities, resources, or employees for federal political activities other than for making corporate communications to its officers, directors, stockholders, and their families, and

·

making partisan communications to its rank and file employees or to the public at large.


Contributions to State and Local Candidates and Committees


The limitations on corporate political contributions and activities vary significantly from state to state. All Firm employees must obtain pre-clearance from the General Counsel prior to:


·

using the Firms funds for any political contributions to state or local candidates, or

·

making any political contribution in the Firms name.


Political Activities on Firm Premises and Using Firm Resources


Federal, State, and Local Elections


All employees are prohibited from:


·

Using Firm resources for political activities, including the use of photocopier paper for political flyers, or Firm-provided refreshments at a political event, and

·

directing subordinates to participate in federal, state, and/or local fundraising or other political activities, except where those subordinates have voluntarily agreed to participate in such activities. Any employee considering the use of the services of a subordinate employee (whether or not in the same reporting line) for political activities must inform the subordinate that his or her participation is strictly voluntary and that he or she may decline to participate without the risk of retaliation or any adverse job action.


Federal law and Firm policy allow an individual to engage in limited personal, volunteer political activities on company premises on behalf of a federal candidate if:

 

·

the individual obtains approval before the activities occur. Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics to request approval.

·

the political activities are isolated and incidental (they may not exceed 1 hour per week or 4 hours per month),

·

the activities do not prevent the individual from completing normal work or interfere with the Firms normal activity,

·

the activities do not raise the overhead of the Firm (for example, result in phone charges, postage or delivery charges, use of Firm materials), and

·

the activities do not involve services performed by other employees (including secretaries, assistants, or other subordinates) unless the other employees voluntarily engage in the political activities.


TCW follows the above policy for activities related to state and local elections.


Rules for Individuals


Responsibility for Personal Contribution Limits


Federal law and the laws of many states and localities establish contribution limits for individuals. Each employee is responsible for knowing and remaining within those limits.


Pre-Approval of all Political Contributions and Volunteer Activity


Each TCW employee, and their spouse, domestic partner and relative or significant other sharing the same house, must submit a Political Contribution Request Form to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics and obtain pre-approval before:


·

making or soliciting any Contribution to a current holder or candidate for a state, local or federal elected office, or a campaign committee, political party committee, proposition, referendum, initiative, other political committee or organization (example: Republican, Democratic Governors Association or Super PAC) or inaugural committee. A Contribution includes anything of value given or paid to:


influence any election for federal, state or local office;

o

pay any debt incurred in connection with such election; or

o

pay any transition or inaugural expenses incurred by the successful candidate for state or local office.


·

volunteering their services to a political campaign, political party committee, proposition, referendum, initiative, political action committee (PAC) or political organization.


Access Persons are required to affirm after the end of each calendar quarter that they have reported all political contributions and volunteer services they, and each of their spouse, domestic partner and relative or significant other sharing the same house, have provided during the quarter.


New Hires


TCW considers all employees to be Covered Associates. New hires may not be made without the prior review of their political contributions and activities by Compliance. Human Resources will gather information on any new hire and provide this to Compliance for review. This information shall include information about the political contributions or activities of the new hire. Legal and Compliance can exempt individuals or categories of employees from this review.


Participation in Public Affairs


The Firm encourages its employees to be involved in public affairs and political processes. Normally, participation in public affairs takes place outside of regular business hours. If participation in public affairs requires corporate time, or you wish to accept an appointive office, or you want to run for elective office, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics in order to request approval.


You must campaign on your own time. You may not use Firm property or services without proper reimbursement to the Firm.


Employees participating in political activities do so as individuals and not as representatives of the Firm. You may not:


·

use either the Firms name or its address in material you mail or fundraising, and

·

identify the Firm in any advertisements or literature, except as necessary biographical information.



 


Other Employee Conduct


Personal Loans


You may not borrow from clients or from Firm vendors or service providers, except those who engage in lending in the usual course of their business and then only on terms offered to others in similar circumstances, without special treatment. This prohibition does not preclude borrowing from individuals related to you by blood or marriage.


Taking Advantage of a Business Opportunity That Rightfully Belongs To the Firm


Employees must not take for their own advantage a business opportunity that rightfully belongs to the Firm. Whenever the Firm has been actively soliciting a business opportunity, or the opportunity has been offered to it, or the Firms funds, facilities, or personnel have been used in pursuing the opportunity, that opportunity rightfully belongs to the Firm and not to employees who may be in a position to divert the opportunity for their own benefits.


Examples of improperly taking advantage of a corporate opportunity include:

·

selling information to which an employee has access because of his/her position,

·

acquiring any property interest or right when the Firm is known to be interested in the property in question,

·

receiving a commission or fee on a transaction that would otherwise accrue to the Firm, and

·

diverting business or personnel from the Firm.


Disclosure of a Direct or Indirect Interest in a Transaction


If you or any family member have any interest in a transaction (whether on behalf of a client or the Firm), that interest must be disclosed, in writing, to the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer to allow assessment of potential conflicts of interest.


You do not need to report any interest that is otherwise reported in accordance with the Personal Investment Transactions Policy.


Example of an interest that should be disclosed: conducting TCW business with a vendor or service provider who is related to you or for which your parent, spouse, or child is an officer should be disclosed.



Corporate Property or Services


You may not purchase or acquire corporate property or use of the services of other employees for personal purposes. For example, you may not use inside counsel for personal legal advice absent approval from the General Counsel or use of outside counsel for that advice at the Firms expense.


Use of TCW Stationery


You may not use corporate stationery for personal correspondence or other non-job-related purposes.


Giving Advice to Clients


The Firm cannot practice law or provide legal advice.


· Avoid statements that might be interpreted as legal advice; and

· Avoid giving clients advice on tax matters, the preparation of tax returns, or investment decisions, except as appropriate in the performance of a fiduciary or advisory responsibility, or as otherwise required in the ordinary course of your duties.



 


Confidentiality


All information relating to past, current, and prospective clients is confidential and is not to be discussed with anyone outside the organization under any circumstance. All employees and on-site long term temporary employees and consultants will be required to sign and adhere to a Confidentiality Agreement. You should report violations of the Confidentiality Agreement to the Chief Compliance Officer.


 


Sanctions


The Firm may impose such sanctions it deems appropriate upon discovering a violation of this Code, including, but not limited to, an oral or written reprimand, supplemental training, a reversal of a transaction and disgorgement of profits, demotion, and suspension or termination of employment.



 


Reporting Illegal or Suspicious Activity - Whistleblower Policy


Policy


The Firm is committed to compliance with the law and its policies in all of its operations. The Firms employees can provide early identification of significant issues that arise with compliance with policies and the law. The Firms policy is to create an environment in which its employees can report these issues in good faith without fear of reprisal.


The Firm requires that all employees report activity that is illegal or does not comply with the Firms policies and procedures (Compliance Issues), including this Code. Reports about Compliance Issues will be held confidentially by the Firm except in limited circumstances.  The Firm expects the exercise of the Whistleblower Policy to be used responsibly. If an employee believes that a policy is not being followed because it is being overlooked, one first step could be to bring the issue to the attention of the party charged with the operation of the policy.  If, however, you believe that a policy is not being followed and feel uncomfortable bringing it to the attention of the person involved, you may follow the other procedures set forth in this policy.


Procedure


In some cases, an employee should be able to resolve issues or concerns with their manager or, if appropriate, other management senior to their manager. However, this may fail or the employee may have legitimate reasons to choose not to notify management. In such cases, the Firm has established a system for employees to report Compliance Issues.


An employee who has a good faith belief that a Compliance Issue may occur or is occurring is required to come forward and report under this policy. Good faith means that the employee believes that they are disclosing information that is truthful, but it does not require that a reported concern is correct.


The report should be made to the General Counsel and may be made in person, in writing (including email) or via the whistleblower line at (213) 244-0055. The whistleblower line is only directly accessible by the General Counsel. Reports may also be made anonymously via the whistleblower line or the whistleblower drop box located in the dining room on the 21st floor of the Los Angeles office and in the Town Hall pantry in the New York office; however, the Firm encourages employees to identify themselves when making a report to facilitate follow-up communication.  When making a report, employees should state in as much detail as possible the facts that raised a concern.  


The General Counsel will consult with others, who may include the Chief Compliance Officer and outside counsel, about the investigation as appropriate. Depending on the nature of the matters covered by the report, an investigation may be conducted by an officer or manager, the Chief Compliance Officer, the General Counsel or an external party.


The Firm understands the importance of maintaining confidentiality of the reporting employee. The identity of the employee making the report will be kept confidential, except to the extent that disclosure may be required by law, a governmental agency, or self-regulatory organization, or as an essential part of completing the investigation. The employee making the report will be advised if confidentiality cannot be maintained.  To the extent practicable, employees will be kept apprised of the Firms response to their reports.  


The Chief Compliance Officer will follow up to assure that the investigation is completed, that any Compliance Issue is addressed, and that no acts of retribution or retaliation occur against the person reporting violations or cooperating in an investigation in good faith.


Each quarter (or more frequently as necessary), the General Counsel will provide TCWs Board of Directors with an update regarding the status of each report received under this policy during the preceding quarter. Employees may also contact the California Office of the Attorney Generals whistleblower hotline at (800) 952-5225. The Attorney General refers calls received on its whistleblower hotline to an appropriate governmental authority for review and possible investigation


Submitting a report that is known to be false is a violation of this Reporting of Illegal or Suspicious Activity Policy.


 




Glossary


A


Access Person(s) - Includes all of the Firms directors, officers, and employees, except those who (i) do not devote substantially all working time to the activities of the Firm, and (ii) do not have access to information about the dayto-day investment activities of the Firm. A consultant, temporary employee, or other person may be considered an Access Person depending on various factors, including length of service, nature of duties, and access to Firm information.


Account - A separate account and/or a commingled fund (e.g., limited partnership, trust, mutual fund, REIT, and CBO/CDO/CLO).


Administrator of the Code of Ethics Shall be a member of the Compliance Department, as designated by the Chief Compliance Officer.


Approving Officers - One of the Chief Operating Officer or the Head of Investment Technology in addition to one of the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer.


B


Beneficial Interest an interest of an Access Person in a security or account of another person under which  they (i) can obtain benefits substantially equivalent to owning the security, (ii) can obtain ownership of the security immediately or within 60 days, or (iii) can vote or dispose of the security.


C


CBO - Collateralized bond obligation.


CDO - Collateralized debt obligation. A security backed by a pool of bonds, loans, and other assets.


Chief Compliance Officer - The Chief Compliance Officer of TCW. For purposes of this policy, the term Chief Compliance Officer shall include persons authorized by the Chief Compliance Officer to handle certain matters under this Code of Ethics policy.


CLO - Collateralized loan obligation.


 


Code of Ethics or Code - This Code of Ethics.


Compliance Issue - activity that is illegal or does not comply with the Firms formal written policies and procedures


Contribution includes anything of value given or paid to (i) influence any election for federal, state or local office, (ii) pay any debt incurred in connection with such election, or (iii) pay transition or inaugural expenses incurred by the successful candidate for state or local office.


Covered Account Any account of an Access Person or Covered Person is a Covered Account.  Covered Accounts include any personal trading account in which you have a beneficial interest.  A non-exhaustive or a representative list of such accounts include:

-

Brokerage accounts (i.e. individual, joint, trust, custodial); Individual Retirement Accounts (all types); DRIPs, profit sharing, and any other account/vehicle that have the ability to trade any non-exempt investment product.

-

401(k) and 529 Plans accounts that provide the ability to trade any non-exempt investment product.

o

Please note: If the accounts hold MetWest or TCW funds, these accounts require reporting as well.

o

Accounts held directly at mutual funds are exempt unless the account holds MetWest or TCW funds.

-

A relatives brokerage account for which the Access Person can effect trades, or an estate for which the Access Person makes investment decisions as executor.

-

Direct investments in private funds.



Covered Person Spouse, minor child, relative or significant other sharing a house with an Access Person, or any other person, when the Access Person has a beneficial interest in the persons accounts or securities.


Covered Transaction A transaction in a Covered Account.


D


Direct Purchase Plan - An investment service that allows individuals to purchase a security directly from a company or through a transfer agent. Not all companies offer Direct Purchase Plans and the plans often have restrictions on when an individual can purchase.


E


 

Entertainment - Generally means the attendance by you and your guests at a meal, sporting event, theater production, or comparable event where the expenses are paid by a business relation who invited you, and also might include payment of travel to, or accommodation expenses at, a conference or an out-of-town event.


ETF - Exchange Traded Fund. A fund that tracks an index but can be traded like a stock.


ETN Exchange Traded Note An unsecured debt security that tracks an underlying index of securities and trade on a major exchange like a stock.


Ethical Walls or Informational Barriers - The conscientious use of a combination of trading restrictions and information barriers designed to confine material non-public information to a given individual, group, or department.


Exchange Act - Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


Exempt Securities - Those Securities described in the subsection Exempt Securities in the Personal Investment Transactions Policy.


F


Firm or TCW - The TCW Group of companies.


Firm Personnel - All directors, officers and employees of the Firm and any persons engaged to act on behalf of the Firm, including agents, representatives, temporary agency personnel, consultants, and contract-based personnel, wherever located.  


Foreign Official - Includes (i) government officials, (ii) political party leaders, (iii) candidates for office, (iv) employees of state-owned enterprises (such as state-owned banks or pension plans), and (v) relatives or agents of a Foreign Official if a payment is made to such relative or agent of a Foreign Official with the knowledge or intent that it ultimately would benefit the Foreign Official.


G


General Counsel - The General Counsel of TCW. For purposes of this policy, the term General Counsel shall include persons authorized by the General Counsel to handle certain matters under this Code of Ethics policy.


Gift - Anything of value received without paying its reasonable fair value (e.g., favors, credit, special discounts on goods or services, free services, loans of goods or money, tickets to sports


or entertainment events, trips and hotel expenses). If something falls within the definition of Entertainment, it does not fall within the category of Gifts.


I


IPO - Initial public offering. An offering of securities registered under the Securities Act, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.


Inside information - Material, non-public information.


Investment Compliance - The support group for certain trading areas that, among others, checks proposed trades and open trades against investment restrictions.


Investment Personnel - Includes (i) any portfolio manager or securities analyst or securities trader who provides information or advice to a portfolio manager or who helps execute a portfolio managers decision, and (ii) a member of the Investment Compliance Department.


L


Limited Offering - An offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6), or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 or under the Securities Act. Note that a CBO or CDO is considered a Limited Offering or Private Placement.


Linked Broker A broker that provides account information by automatic feed to StarCompliance.   


LM-10 Information Report - Report required for reporting gifts or entertainment to labor unions or union officials.


M


Material Information - Information that a reasonable investor would consider important in making an investment decision. Generally, this is information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to have an effect on the price of a companys securities.


MetWest - Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, a U.S.-registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.




MetWest Mutual Funds - Metropolitan West Funds, each of its series, and any other proprietary, registered, open-end investment companies (mutual funds) advised by MetWest.


N


Non-Discretionary Accounts - Accounts for which the individual does not directly or indirectly make or influence the investment decisions.


O


Outside Fiduciary Accounts - Certain fiduciary accounts outside of the Firm for which an individual has received the Firms approval to act as fiduciary and that the Firm has determined qualify to be treated as Outside Fiduciary Accounts under this Code of Ethics.  


P


Private Placements - An offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6), or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 or under the Securities Act. Note that a CBO or CDO is considered a Limited Offering or Private Placement.



R


REIT - Real estate investment trust.


Registered Person(s) - Any person having a securities license (e.g., Series 6, 7, 24, etc.) with TFD.


Restricted Securities List - A list of the securities for which the Firm is generally limited firm-wide from engaging in transactions.


Rule 10b5-1 Plan - A rule established by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows insiders of publicly traded corporations to set up a trading plan for selling stocks they own. Rule 10b5-1 allows major holders to sell a predetermined number of shares at a predetermined time.


S


SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission.


Securities - Includes any interest or instrument commonly known as a security, including stocks, bonds, ETFs, ETNs, shares of mutual funds, and other investment companies (including money market funds and their equivalents), options, warrants, financial commodities, a derivative linked to a specific security or other derivative products and interests in privately placed offerings and limited partnerships, including hedge funds. Does not include cryptocurrencies or digital currencies.


Securities Act - Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


T


TAMCO - TCW Asset Management Company LLC, a U.S.-registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.


TCW or Firm - The TCW Group of companies.


TCW Advisor - Includes TAMCO, TIMCO, MetWest and any other U.S. federally registered advisors directly or indirectly controlled by The TCW Group, Inc.



TCW Funds - TCW Funds, Inc., each of its series, and any other proprietary, registered, open-end investment companies (mutual funds) advised by TIMCO


TCW Mutual Funds Collectively, the TCW Funds, MetWest Mutual Funds, and TSI and any other registered investment company advised by TIMCO, MetWest or any other affiliate, unless otherwise indicated.


TFD or TCW Funds Distributors LLC A limited-purpose broker-dealer (formerly, TCW Brokerage Services).


TIMCO - TCW Investment Management Company LLC, a U.S.-registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.


TSI - TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc., a registered, closed-end investment company advised by TIMCO.




Victory Capital Code of Ethics

 

 

[Victory Management logo]

Code of Ethics for Victory Capital Management Inc. and WestEnd Advisors, LLC










Code of Ethics for Victory Capital Management Inc.

and WestEnd Advisors, LLC

Effective January 1, 2022









Previously updated: June 1, 2021

 



1.

Introduction

1

2.

Definitions

2

3.

Culture of Compliance

4

4.

Policy Statement on Insider Trading

5

A.

Introduction

5

B.

Scope of the Policy Statement

5

C.

What is Material Information?

5

D.

What is Non-Public Information?

6

E.

Identifying Inside Information

6

F.

Contact with Public Companies

7

G.

Tender Offers

7

H.

Protecting Sensitive Information

7

I.

Trading in Securities Listed on Exchanges in Other Countries

7

J.

Public Company Confidential Records

7


5.

Conflicts of Interest

8

A.

Gifts and Entertainment

8

B.

Political Contributions

9

C.

Outside Business Activities

10

D.

Other Prohibitions on Conduct

11

E.

Review of Employee Communications

11


6.

Standards of Business Conduct

12

7.

Personal Trading, Code of Ethics Reporting and Certifications

12

A.

Employee Investment Accounts

12

B.

Employee Investment Account Reporting

13

C.

Personal Trading Requirements and Restrictions

14

D.

Representation and Warranties

17

E.

Quarterly and Annual Certifications of Compliance

17

F.

Review Procedures

18

G.

Recordkeeping

18

H.

Whistleblower Provisions

18

I.

Confidentiality

18

J.

Reporting to the Board of Directors of Affiliated Funds

18


8.

Code of Ethics Violation Guidelines

18


Appendix 1 Affiliated Funds, Proprietary Products & Reportable Funds

i


Appendix 2 Approved Brokers List

ii


Appendix 3 Investment Account Disclosure

iii


Appendix 4 Reportable Securities

iv


Appendix 5 ETFs Eligible for De Minimis Transaction Exemption

vi


Supplement 1 -  RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited Code of Ethics Supplement (Hong Kong Supplement)vii


Supplement 2 -   RS Investment Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (RSIMS) Code of Ethics Supplement (Singapore Supplement)x
















 







        



1.  INTRODUCTION


Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers Act) requires all investment advisers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to adopt codes of ethics that set forth standards of conduct and require compliance with federal securities laws.  Victory Capital Management Inc.  (VCM) and WestEnd Advisors, LLC (WestEnd) are both registered investment advisers under the Advisers Act and also both wholly owned subsidiaries of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (VCH). WestEnd and VCM, together with VCMs subsidiaries, RS Investments (UK) Limited, RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited, and RS Investment Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (collectively the Affiliated Advisers), have adopted this Code of Ethics (Code), which sets forth the standards of business conduct that are required of Access Persons.  As an adviser to regulated investment companies, VCM also adopts this Code in adherence to Rule 17j-11 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act).  Officers and employees of RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited and RS Investment Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. should also review the related Code supplements.


VCH is a Delaware corporation with its Class A common stock listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, under the ticker symbol VCTR.  As a public company, compliance policies were adopted that apply to VCH and the Affiliated Advisers (collectively Victory Capital).  The VCH policies are in addition to the compliance program of the Affiliated Advisers.  In particular, the policies that apply to Victory Capital include: (1) Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, (2) Corporate Communications Policy and (3) Insider Trading Policy. Affiliated Advisers make these policies readily available to their Access Persons.


Victory Capital Services, Inc. (VCS), a Victory Capital affiliate, is a registered broker-dealer and principal underwriter of VCMs Affiliated Funds (defined herein) and has adopted this Code in compliance with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. Victory Capital Transfer Agent, Inc., also a Victory Capital affiliate, is the registered transfer agent for the USAA Mutual Funds and certain Victory Funds. Certain Access Persons service USAA Mutual Fund direct accounts through a dedicated Contact Center. Victory Capital is not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association (USAA) or its affiliates.


Access Persons have a responsibility to adhere to the highest ethical principles.  Thus, the Code imposes obligations in addition to those required under applicable laws and regulations.  The Code is a minimum standard of conduct. Additionally, Access Persons must act in accordance with their fiduciary duty owed to Affiliated Adviser clients. Therefore, literal compliance with the Code will not protect an Access Persons if their behavior otherwise violates their fiduciary duty.   If an Access Person is uncertain as to the intent or purpose of any provision of the Code, or whether a proposed action is compatible with their fiduciary duty, they should consult the appropriate Affiliated Adviser Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) or a member of the Compliance team.


The Affiliated Advisers recognize the importance of an Access Persons ability to manage and develop their own and their dependents financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. However, because of the potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business and our industry, the Affiliated Advisers have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts.

Victory Capitals reputation is of paramount importance; therefore, the Affiliated Advisers will not tolerate blemishes due to careless personal trading or other conduct prohibited by the Code. Consequently, Material Violations (as defined herein) of the Code may be subject to harsh sanctions. Frequent violations of the Code may result in limitations on personal securities trading or other disciplinary actions, which can include termination of employment.   

 





 

 


2. Definitions


Access Person means any employee of VCM. It also includes anyone deemed an Access Person by a CCO.  As a matter of practice, the Board of Directors of the USAA Mutual Funds Trust, Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II and Victory Variable Insurance Funds (collectively the Victory Funds) generally consists of members who are not employees or officers of Victory Capital, or their affiliates.  Unless designated by the COO, a non-employee director is not treated as an access person within the meaning of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and is not treated as either an access person or an advisory person of VCM.

Affiliated Funds means any individual series portfolio of the USAA Mutual Funds Trust, Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II and Victory Variable Insurance Funds, as well as other sub-advised affiliates listed in Appendix 1, each an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act.

Automatic or Periodic Investment Plan is a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

 

Beneficial Interest means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, to profit, or share in any profit derived from, a transaction in the subject Securities.  An Access Person is deemed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities owned by members of his or her Immediate Family.  Common examples of Beneficial Interest include joint accounts, spousal accounts (including Non-Victory Capital Employee Compensation Programs, Non-Victory Capital Employee Stock Participation Program, and Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plan Accounts), Uniform Transfers to Minors Act accounts, partnerships, trusts and controlling interests in corporations.  Any uncertainty as to whether an Access Person has a Beneficial Interest in a Security should be brought to the attention of the Compliance Department.  Such questions will be resolved in accordance with, and this definition shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with, the definition of beneficial owner set forth in Rules 16a-1(a)(2) and (5) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


Blackout Period means seven (7) calendar days before through three (3) calendar days after the date a client trade is executed for VCM or the month in which a security is added to the Securities Under Consideration list for WestEnd.


Business Entertainment includes any social event, hospitality event, charitable event, sporting event, entertainment event, meal, leisure activity or event of like nature or purpose, and any transportation or lodging accompanying or related to such activity or event, including any entertainment activity offered in connection with an educational event or business conference, irrespective of whether any business is conducted during, or is attendant to, such activity.


Covered Government Official means a 1) state or local governmental official; 2) candidate for state or local office; or 3) federal candidate currently holding state or local office.  A governmental official includes an incumbent, candidate, or successful candidate for elective office of a state or local government entity, if the office is directly or indirectly responsible for, or can influence the outcome of, the hiring of an investment adviser, or has authority to appoint any person who is directly or indirectly responsible for, or can influence the outcome of, the hiring of an investment adviser, by a state or a political subdivision of a state.


 De Minimis Security means a security of an issuer with a market cap of $10 Billion or more at the time of purchase, In certain situations, a client trade in a De Minimis Security may not trigger a Blackout Period (see Section 7.C. Personal Trading Requirements and Restrictions for more detailed information).  Personal Trades in De Minimis Securities in Personal Accounts always require pre-clearance and are subject to all other provisions of the Code.

Exempt Securities means 1) direct obligations of the U.S. Government; 2) bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit and commercial paper; 3) investment grade, short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; 4) shares held in money market funds; 5) variable insurance products that invest


 

 


in funds for which an Affiliated Adviser does not act as adviser or sub-adviser; 6) open-end mutual funds for which an Affiliated Advisers does not act as adviser or sub-adviser; and 7) investments in qualified tuition programs (529 Plans).  Exempt Securities do not need to be pre-cleared.

Franchise means a group of employees who report directly or indirectly to the same Chief Investment Officer that oversees a brand-named strategy

Immediate Family means all family members who share the same household, including but not limited to, a spouse, domestic partner, fiancée, parents, grandparents, children, grandchildren, siblings, step-siblings, step-children, step-parents, or in-laws. Immediate Family includes adoptive relationships and any other relationships (whether or not recognized by law) that a CCO determines could lead to conflicts of interest, diversions of corporate opportunity or create the appearance of impropriety.

Initial Holdings Report is a report that discloses all securities holdings of every Access Person, which must be submitted to the Compliance Department within ten (10) calendar days of becoming an Access Person.

Initial Public Offering or IPO means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before such registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act.  


Managed Accounts means investment advisory or brokerage accounts over which an Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control in the investment decisions or activities.


Material Non-Public Information or MNPI means information that is both material and non-public that might have an effect on the market for a security.  Access Persons who possess MNPI must not act or cause others to act on such information.


Material Violation means any violation of this Code or other misconduct deemed material by a CCO, in conjunction with the Compliance Committee or the VCM Board of Directors.  


Maximum Allowable Trades means Access Persons are limited to 20 trades per calendar quarter across their Personal Accounts.  A trade in the same security in multiple accounts on the same day will count as one trade towards the Maximum Allowable Trades in a quarter. Trades that do not require pre-clearance (i.e. open-end mutual funds, dividend reinvestments) will not count towards the Maximum Allowable Trades.


MCO means MyComplianceOffice, which is a web-based compliance system used to track and approve employee personal trading, gifts and entertainment, political contributions, and outside business activities, store policies, and facilitate employee certifications and manage other compliance objectives.     

 

Personal Account means an investment account in which an employee retains investment discretion.  


Personal Trading or Personal Trades means trades or transactions by Access Persons in their Personal Accounts.


Proprietary Product is a fund or product in which Victory Capital or its employees have an aggregate of 25% or more Beneficial Interest.  See Appendix 1 Affiliated Funds, Proprietary Products & Reportable Funds for more information.  


Reportable Fund means any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act for which an Affiliated Adviser is an investment adviser or a sub-adviser, or any registered investment company whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls Victory Capital, is controlled by Victory Capital, or is under common control with Victory Capital.  See Appendix 1 Affiliated Funds, Proprietary Products & Reportable Funds for more information.


Reportable Security means any security that is not an Exempt Security, for which Access persons must submit holdings and transaction reports.  See the list of Exempt Securities under Appendix 4, as defined by rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.


RIC means a Regulated Investment Company.


Short-Sell or Short-Selling means the sale of a security that is not owned by the seller.  Access Persons may not take a short position in a security.  However, mutual funds or ETFs that correspond to the inverse performance of a broad-based index are not considered to be Short-Sales.  For example, buying (long) the ProShares Short S&P500 ETF is permitted.  Employees may also trade in funds that track a volatility index.

Solutions Team means any employee who is a member of the Solutions Platform group, generally involved in passive investments.

Victory Capital Stock means securities offered by VCH or any subsidiary through a registration statement that has been declared effective by the SEC (e.g. VCTR).



3.

Culture of Compliance


The Affiliated Advisers primary objective is to provide value through investment advisory, sub-advisory and other financial services to a wide range of clients, including governments, corporations, financial institutions, high net worth individuals, pension funds, and retail clients.

The Affiliated Advisers require that all dealings on behalf of existing and prospective clients be handled with honesty, integrity and high ethical standards, and that such dealings adhere to the letter and the spirit of applicable laws, regulations and contractual guidelines.  As a general matter, the Affiliated Advisers are fiduciaries that owe their clients a duty of undivided loyalty, and you have a responsibility to act in a manner consistent with this duty.  You must actively work to avoid the possibility that the advice or services provided to clients is, or gives the appearance of being, based on your self-interest or the interests of the Affiliated Advisers and not in the clients best interests.  Violations of the Code must be reported promptly to the appropriate CCO or his/her designee.

You must act solely in the best interests of our clients.  Statutory and regulatory requirements impose specific responsibilities governing the behavior of personnel in carrying out their responsibilities to clients and you must comply fully with these rules and regulations.  Your respective Compliance Department professionals are available to assist you in meeting these requirements.


Since no set of rules can anticipate every possible situation, it is essential that you obtain guidance from the appropriate CCO, Chief Legal Officer (CLO), or their designees when you are unsure how to follow these rules in letter and in spirit.  It is your responsibility to fully understand and comply with the Code and other applicable policies or seek guidance from a CCO.  Technical compliance with the Code and its procedures will not necessarily validate an action.  Any activity that compromises the Affiliated Advisers integrity, even if it does not expressly violate a rule, may result in further action from a CCO.  In some instances, a CCO holds discretionary authority to apply exceptions under the Code.  In a CCOs absence, the CLO may act in his or her place.


The Affiliated Advisers fiduciary responsibilities apply to a broad range of investment and related activities, including sales and marketing, portfolio management, securities trading, allocation of investment opportunities, client service, operations support, performance measurement and reporting, new product development as well as personal investing activities.  These obligations include the duty to avoid material conflicts of interest (and, if this is not possible, to provide full and fair disclosure to clients in communications), to keep accurate books and records, and to supervise personnel appropriately.  These concepts are further described in the sections that follow.





 




 

 


4. Policy Statement on Insider Trading


A.

Introduction


The Affiliated Advisers seek to foster a culture of compliance, a reputation for integrity, professionalism and values, and endeavors to protect the confidence and trust placed in us by our clients.  To further that goal, this Policy Statement implements procedures to deter the misuse of MNPI in securities transactions.


The term insider trading is not defined in the federal securities laws but refers generally to the situation when a person trades while aware of MNPI or communicates MNPI to others in breach of a duty of trust or confidence.


While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits any of the following:


·

Trading by an insider, while aware of MNPI;

·

Trading by a non-insider, while aware of MNPI, where the information was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insiders duty to keep it confidential; or

·

Communicating MNPI to others in breach of a duty of trust or confidence.


Trading securities while in possession of MNPI or improperly communicating that information to others may result in stringent penalties.  Criminal sanctions may include fines of up to $5,000,000, twenty years imprisonment, or both.  The civil penalty for a violator may be an amount up to three times the profit (or loss avoided) as a result of the insider trading violation, and a permanent bar from working in the securities industry.  Investors may sue and seek to recover damages for insider trading violations.


Regardless of whether a regulatory inquiry occurs, the Affiliated Advisers take seriously any violation of this Policy Statement.  Such violations constitute grounds for disciplinary sanctions, up to and including dismissal.


B.

Scope of the Policy Statement


This Policy Statement is drafted broadly and will be applied and interpreted in a similar manner.  It applies to all Access Persons and to transactions in any security participated in by Immediate Family members of Access Persons or trusts or corporations controlled by Access Persons.


Any questions relating to this Policy Statement should be directed to a CCO or his/her designee.  You must notify compliance immediately if you have any reason to believe that a violation of this Policy Statement has occurred or is about to occur.


C.

What is Material Information?


Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information relied upon is deemed to be material. Material information is defined generally as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a companys securities.  If the disclosure of that information would be expected to alter the total mix of information that is publicly available about that company, then the information is considered material.  Any questions about whether information is material should be directed to a member of compliance.


Material information often relates to a company's financial results and operations, including, for example, dividend changes, earning results, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, and




 

 


extraordinary management developments.  Information about a company could be material because of its expected effect on a particular class of the companys securities, all of the companys securities, the securities of another company, or the securities of several companies.  Material information does not have to relate to a companys business.  For example, in Carpenter v. U.S., the Supreme Court considered as material certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security. In that case, a reporter for The Wall Street Journal was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in the Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or not.


D.

What is Non-Public Information?


For issues concerning insider trading to arise, information must not only be material, it must also be non-public.  Non-public information is information that has not been made available to investors generally.  Information received in circumstances indicating that it is not yet in general circulation or where the recipient knows or should know that the information could only have been provided by an insider is also deemed non-public information.  For non-public information to become public information, it must be disseminated through recognized channels of distribution designed to broadly reach the securities marketplace.


Facts verifying that the information is public (and therefore has become generally available) may include, for example, and without limitation, disclosure in:


·

National business and financial wire service, such as Dow Jones or Reuters;

·

National news service or newspaper, such as AP or The Wall Street Journal; or

·

Publicly disseminated disclosure document, such as a proxy statement or prospectus.


The circulation of rumors or talk on the street, even if accurate, widespread and reported in the media, does not constitute the requisite public disclosure.  In addition, the information must not only be publicly disclosed, there must also be adequate time for the market to digest the information.  Material non-public information is not made public by selective dissemination.  Material information improperly disclosed only to institutional investors or to a fund analyst or a favored group of analysts retains its status as non-public information that must not be disclosed or otherwise misused.  


Partial disclosure does not constitute public dissemination.  So long as any material component of the inside information has yet to be publicly disclosed, the information is deemed non-public and may not be misused.


E.

Identifying Inside Information


Before executing any Personal Trades or trades for client accounts, Access Persons must determine whether they have access to MNPI.  If you believe that you might have access to MNPI, you should take the following steps:


·

Report the information and proposed trade immediately to a CCO or a member of compliance;

·

Do not purchase or sell the securities as Personal Trades or for clients without written clearance to do so from a CCO or a member of compliance; and

·

Do not communicate the information inside other than to compliance and, if necessary, your direct manager.


A member of the Compliance Department will determine whether the information is material and non-public.

 




 

 


F. Contact with Public Companies


The Affiliated Advisers contact with public companies may help form the basis of investment decisions. Legal issues may arise if, in the course of these contacts, you become aware of MNPI.  This could happen, for example, if a company's chief financial officer were to prematurely disclose quarterly results, or an investor relations representative selectively discloses adverse news to a handful of investors.  


G.

Tender Offers


Tender offers represent a particular concern in the law of insider trading for two reasons.  First, tender offer activity often produces extraordinary gyrations in the price of the target company's securities.  Trading during this time is more likely to attract regulatory attention (and produces a disproportionate percentage of insider trading cases).  Second, the SEC forbids trading and tipping while in possession of MNPI regarding the receipt of a tender offer, the tender offeror, the target company or anyone acting on behalf of either of these parties.  You should exercise caution any time you become aware of non-public information relating to a tender offer.


H.

Protecting Sensitive Information


You are responsible for safeguarding all confidential information relating to investment research, fund and client holdings, including analyst research reports, investment meeting discussions or notes, and current fund or client transaction information, regardless whether such information is deemed MNPI.  Other types of information (for example, marketing plans, employment issues and shareholder identities) may also be confidential and should not be shared with individuals outside the company unless approved by a CCO or an executive officer.  


You are expressly prohibited from knowingly spreading any false rumor concerning any company, or any purported market development, that is designed to impact trading in or the price of that companys or any other companys securities, and from engaging in any other type of activity that constitutes illegal market manipulation.


I.

Trading in Securities Listed on Exchanges in Other Countries


Trading in securities listed on exchanges in other countries is governed by the laws of that country.  When trading in such securities, you must ensure compliance with applicable law, which in all relevant cases prohibits trading on the basis of MNPI or price-sensitive information, as those terms are defined in the relevant jurisdiction.


J.

Public Company Confidential Records


VCHs and Affiliated Adviser records must always be treated as confidential and must not be disclosed or used for any purpose at any time other than for the normal course of business. Information learned about other entities in a special relationship with VCH, such as acquisition, joint venture and partnership negotiations, is confidential and must not be disclosed without proper authorization.


At all times, you are prohibited from making any recommendation or expressing any opinion as to trading in Victory Capital Stock


See VCHs Corporate Communications Policy and Insider Trading Policy for more information.





 




 

 


5.  Conflicts of Interest


A conflict of interest exists when your interests may be contrary to our client and shareholders interests.  A conflict may arise if you takes action or have business, financial or other interests that may make it difficult to perform your work objectively and effectively.


Conflicts of interest may arise, for example, if you or your Immediate Family member receives improper personal benefits (for example, personal loans, services, or payment for services) as a result of your position at an Affiliated Adviser or you gain personal enrichment or benefits through access to confidential information.  Conflicts may also arise if you or an Immediate Family member holds a financial interest in a company that does business with an Affiliated Adviser or has outside business interests that may result in divided loyalties or compromised independent judgment.  Conflicts may also arise when making securities investments for Proprietary Products or Personal Accounts or when determining how to allocate trading opportunities.


Conflicts of interest can arise in many common situations, despite best efforts to avoid them.  This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest.  Literal compliance with each of the specific procedures will not shield you from liability for Personal Trading or other conduct that violates your fiduciary duties to clients.  You are encouraged to seek clarification of, and discuss questions about, potential conflicts of interest.  Any questions regarding a conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest should be directed to a manager, a CCO or a representative of compliance.


The following areas represent many common types of conflicts of interests and the procedures to be followed; however, the list is not intended to be all-inclusive.  A summary is provided for each case, but further details can be found in the related policies and procedures for your specific Affiliated Adviser. To the extent there is a conflict between an Affiliated Advisers related policies and procedures and the requirements of the Code, the Code shall prevail.  For questions related to conflicts of interest, please contact a member of your Affiliated Advisers compliance department.


A.

Gifts and Entertainment


Gifts


Giving or receiving gifts or other items of value to or from persons doing business or seeking to do business with an Affiliated Adviser could call into question the independence of its judgment as a fiduciary of its clients.  Accordingly, such conduct is only permitted in accordance with the limitations stated herein.


Affiliated Adviser policies on gifts and entertainment are derived from industry practices.  You should be aware that there are various laws and regulations that prohibit you from giving anything of value to employees of various financial institutions in connection with attempts to obtain any business transaction with the institution, which is viewed as a form of bribery.  If there is any question about the appropriateness of any particular gift, you should consult a member of compliance.


Under no circumstances may a gift be received as any form of compensation for services provided by an Affiliated Adviser or an Access Person.  Gifts of nominal value may be given to or accepted from present or prospective customers, brokers, service providers, suppliers or vendors with whom there is an actual or potential business relationship.  You are required to promptly report all gifts given in excess of $50 in the Affiliated Advisers expense reporting system. Any gifts received in excess of $50 must promptly be disclosed in MCO. Gifts from an individual or entity may not exceed $100 in aggregate value in any calendar year unless approval is obtained from your direct manager and compliance.





 

 


Gifts of up to $100 per person per year may be provided to present or prospective customers, brokers, service providers, suppliers or vendors with whom there is an actual or potential business relationship.  


Additional policies concerning gifts may be applicable depending on the type of customer (e.g., ERISA, foreign, union, government officials, or Covered Government Officials).  


Please refer to the Gifts and Entertainment Policy (F-3) for more information.


Entertainment


You may sponsor and participate in Reasonable and Customary Business Entertainment.  Any Business Entertainment that is not Reasonable and Customary must be pre-approved by a CCO and your manager.  You must accompany the persons being entertained for an entertainment activity to qualify as permissible Business Entertainment.  All Business Entertainment expenses must be reported promptly in the applicable expense reporting system, listing each attendee at the entertainment event.  The receipt of Business Entertainment in excess of $50 per occurrence per employee must be disclosed promptly after each occurrence in MCO.  If the client, broker, service provider, vendor or supplier is not present, the entertainment is considered a gift. Items that are normally associated with entertainment that are given or received during a virtual event can be considered entertainment as long as the appropriate parties are in attendance at the virtual event.  


Additional policies concerning gifts and entertainment may be applicable depending on the type of customer (e.g., ERISA, foreign, union, government officials, or Covered Government Officials).


Please refer to the Gifts and Entertainment Policy (F-3) for more information.


B.

Political Contributions


SEC regulations limit political contributions to Covered Government Officials by employees of investment advisory firms and certain affiliated companies.  The SECs Pay-to-Play Rule 206(4)-5 (the Rule) prohibits advisers from receiving any compensation for providing investment advice to a government entity within two years after a contribution has been made by the adviser or one of its covered associates.  The two-year time out is triggered by a political contribution to an official of a government entity.  The date of the contribution starts the time out.  


The Rule permits contributions of up to $350 per person for any election to an elected official or candidate for whom the individual is entitled to vote, and up to $150 per person for any election to an elected official or candidate for whom the individual is not entitled to vote.  Many U.S. cities, states and other government entities have also adopted regulations restricting political contributions by associates of investment management firms seeking to provide services to a governmental entity.  While contributions to candidates in federal elections would generally not raise any issues under state or local laws, contributions to state and local officials may not be approved depending on the circumstances.  Prior to the commencement of employment, you must disclose all political contributions in the past 2 years to Human Resources. During employment, you must receive approval from compliance through MCO before making personal political contributions at all levels.  Political contributions which require pre-approval include, but are not limited to, the following:


·

Covered Government Officials;

·

Federal candidate campaigns and affiliated committees;

·

Political Action Committees (PACs) and Super PACs; and

·

Non-profit organizations that may engage in political activities, such as 501(c)(4), 501(c)(6) organizations, and 527 organizations


Note: U.S. national political party donations (e.g. Democratic or Republican) do not require pre-clearance.


Contributions include:


·

Monetary contributions, gifts or loans;

·

In kind contributions (e.g. donations of goods or services or underwriting or hosting fundraisers);

·

Contributions to help pay a debt incurred in connection with an election (including transition or inaugural expenses, purchasing tickets to inaugural events);

·

Contributions to joint fund-raising committees; or

·

Contributions made by a PAC that is controlled by an Access Person.


See the Political Contributions Policy (F-2) for more information.


C.

Outside Business Activities


Prior to commencement of employment with VCM, all Outside Business Activities (OBAs) must be disclosed to Human Resources. During employment and prior to commencement of any new OBA, you must fill out and submit an OBA request form in MCO.  You are responsible for notifying compliance of any material OBA changes and must review, update and certify quarterly to your OBA activities.


Holding Political Office/Appointments


You must avoid any political appointment that may conflict with the performance of your duties on behalf of the Affiliated Advisers and their clients  Prior written approval must be obtained from a CCO before holding political office and, if approved, must be confirmed annually through the compliance certification process. You must expressly remove yourself from any discussions and decisions regarding products or services offered by the Affiliated Advisers.


Outside Employment or Business Activities


You may pursue other interests on your own time as long as the activity doesnt conflict, interfere, or reflect negatively on the Affiliated Advisers or their clients. However, full-time employees should consider their position to be their primary employment.


All outside business activities must be reported to and pre-approved by both your manager and a CCO.  Outside employment or business activities may be considered any activity conducted by you for another organization or business purpose that is outside the scope of your job function with the Affiliated Advisers.  This includes, but is not limited to, being an employee, independent contractor, consultant, sole proprietor, officer, director or partner of another organization, or being compensated by, or having the reasonable expectation of compensation from, any other person or organization as a result of any business activity outside the scope of the relationship with the Affiliated Advisers.  Certain activities are not considered reportable OBAs, including any non-investment related activity that is exclusively charitable, civic, religious or fraternal, and is recognized as tax exempt.


Passive investments requirements are governed by the Limited Offerings and Private Placement sections of this Code. If you are unsure if a specific activity is an OBA or passive investment, you should consults with a member of compliance.


Absent prior approval of a CCO and the Chief Executive Officer, you or your Immediate Family member may not serve on the board of directors of any publicly traded company or investment company.  You are your Immediate Family members service on a for-profit private companys board of directors must also be pre-approved by your direct manager and a CCO or CLO, and reported on the your annual Code certification.





 

 


All outside employment or business activities must be reported to and pre-approved by both the your direct manager and a CCO and reported on your quarterly certification.  You are prohibited from the commencement of any outside employment or business activities until a CCOs approval within MCO has occurred.


In addition to these outside employment or business activity procedures, if you are a registered representatives of VCS, you must also adhere to related requirements as set forth in VCSs Written Supervisory Procedures Manual.  


See the Outside Business Activity Policy (F-4) for more information.


Bequests


A bequest is the act of leaving or giving something of value in a will.  The acceptance of a bequest from a client, vendor or business partner may raise questions about the propriety of that relationship.  Any potential or actual bequest in excess of $100 made to you by a client, vendor, or business partner under a will or trust agreement must be reported to compliance.  Such bequests shall be subject to the approval of your direct manage and a CCO.


D.

Other Prohibitions on Conduct


In addition to the specific prohibitions detailed elsewhere in the Code, you are subject to a general requirement not to engage or participate in any act or practice that would defraud Affiliated Adviser clients.  This general prohibition includes, among other things:


·

Making any untrue statement of a material fact or employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a client;

·

Omitting to state a material fact, or failing to provide any information necessary to properly clarify any statements made, in light of the circumstances, thereby creating a materially misleading impression;

·

Misuse of client confidential information;

·

Making investment decisions, changing internal research ratings and trading decisions other than exclusively for the benefit and in the best interest of our clients;

·

Using information about investment or trading decisions or changes in research ratings (whether considered, proposed or made) to benefit or avoid economic injury to an Access Person or anyone other than our clients.

·

Taking, delaying or failing to take any action with respect to any research recommendation, report or rating or any investment or trading decision for a client in order to avoid economic injury to an Access Person or anyone other than a client;

·

Purchasing or selling a security on the basis of knowledge of a possible trade by or for a client with the intent of personally profiting from personal holdings in the same or related securities (front-running or scalping);

·

Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of an your duties on behalf of a client) any information regarding securities transactions by any client or the consideration by any client of any such securities transactions; or

·

Engaging in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on a client or engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any client.


E.

Review of Employee Communications


All correspondence related to the Affiliated Advisers business and any client correspondence is subject to review by compliance.  The Affiliated Advisers are required to maintain original records of employee correspondence that is communicated on approved devices (such as through email).  In addition, the Affiliated Advisers are required to monitor employee communications and compliance




 

 


with conflicts of interest and insider trading policies and procedures.  Consequently, all employee communications, including emails and other forms of electronic communication for are archived and subject to review for compliance purposes.  You are advised that you should have no expectation of privacy regarding personal communications that are sent or received on company-provided or connected electronic devices or communication platforms, such as instant messages or emails.


Additionally, you are prohibited from sending client communications via any personal email account, instant messaging, text or other method that is not captured in our archiving system.  You may only use an Affiliated Advisers e-mail system, instant messaging system, Bloomberg and other explicitly approved methods for business-related communications.  You are permitted to communicate on an Affiliated Advisers e-mail system connected through personal mobile devices such as smartphones.  See the appropriate technology policy for more information.  



6.

Standards of Business Conduct


·

You have a duty to place the interests of client accounts first and not take advantage of your position at the expense of clients

·

You must not mislead or defraud any clients by any statement, act or manipulative practice.

·

All personal securities transactions must be conducted in a manner to avoid any actual, potential, or appearance of, a conflict of interest, or any abuse of your position of trust and responsibility.

·

You may not induce or cause a client to take action, or not to take action, for personal benefit.  

·

You may not share portfolio holdings information except as permitted by the applicable portfolio holdings disclosure policy. See the policy for more information.

·

You must notify a CCO or CLO, as soon as reasonably practical, if you are arrested, arraigned, indicted or plead no contest or guilty to any criminal offense (other than minor traffic violations) or if named as a defendant in any investment-related civil proceeding or any administrative or disciplinary action.



7.

Personal Trading, Code of Ethics Reporting and Certifications


Personal Trading is a privilege granted by the Affiliated Advisers that may be withdrawn at any time.  The CCOs have complete discretion over all Personal Trading activity and have no obligation to explain any denial or restriction relating thereto.  You may be required to disgorge any gains generated (or losses avoided) from Personal Trading violations.  Access Persons must maintain adequate records of all Personal Trading transactions and be prepared to disclose those transactions to compliance.


A.

Employee Investment Accounts


Subject to disclosure and pre-clearance requirements, Access Persons may open and maintain Managed Accounts and Personal Accounts with select brokers supported by MCO through direct electronic feeds (Approved Brokers). Any accounts held with a broker that is not on the Approved Broker List must be transferred to an Approved Broker within 90 days of the commencement of employment.


On a case-by-case basis, compliance may approve certain accounts held with brokers that are not on the Approved Brokers List. Compliance must still receive statements for each of these types of accounts, regardless of whether they are Managed or Personal Accounts.  


For a list of Approved Brokers see Appendix 2 Approved Brokers List. For a summary of account disclosure requirements see Appendix 3 Investment Account Disclosure. For a summary of pre-clearance requirements see Appendix 4 Reportable Securities.





 

 


Managed Accounts


Access Persons may open and maintain Managed Accounts with Approved Brokers.  With the exception of IPOs and Limited Offerings, the requirements listed below under Personal Trading Requirements and Restrictions do not apply to Managed Accounts.  Participation in an IPO or a private placement in a Managed Account still requires prior approval of a CCO or his/her designee.    


Managed Accounts require the following:


·

They must be approved by compliance prior to trading or on the next quarterly certification, whichever is sooner;

·

At the end of each quarter, all employees must certify that all Managed Accounts have been disclosed and verify all transactions are correctly reflected in MCO;

·

The employee must certify and compliance must be able to independently verify that the account is truly discretionary; and

·

Access Persons must certify quarterly that they had no direct or indirect influence or control over any transactions that occurred in their Managed Accounts.


Failure to adhere to these requirements could lead to disciplinary actions and penalties up to and including termination.


Personal Accounts


Access Persons may open and maintain Personal Accounts with brokers on the Approved Brokers List. All requirements listed below under Personal Trading Requirements and Restrictions apply to Personal Accounts.


Personal Accounts require the following:


·

They must be approved by compliance prior to trading or on the next quarterly certification, whichever is sooner;

·

At the end of each quarter, all employees must certify that all Personal Accounts have been disclosed and verify all Personal Trades or transactions are correctly reflected in MCO.


Access Persons acknowledge and agree that the Affiliated Advisers may request and obtain information regarding Personal Accounts from broker-dealers.  Affiliated Advisers may use personal information, including name, address and social security numbers, to identify and verify employee accounts.



B.

Employee Investment Account Reporting


Investment Account Disclosure


All Personal Accounts and Managed Accounts must be disclosed to and approved by compliance prior to trading or on the next quarterly certification, whichever is sooner. New Hires may not trade in their existing accounts until they have been disclosed and approved by compliance. By regulation, such disclosure must take place within 10 days of hire.  Failure to comply may result in sanctions imposed by the VCM Compliance Committee and/or Board of Directors.


Initial Holdings Report/Annual Holdings Report


No Personal Trading will be authorized before compliance has received a completed Initial Holdings Report as part of the new hire on-boarding process.  Any exceptions must be approved by a CCO.  The Initial Holdings Report must be submitted to compliance within ten (10) calendar days of




 

 


becoming an Access Person.  All Access Persons must submit a similar report annually to compliance.  These reports must include the following information:


·

The date when the individual became an Access Person (Initial Holdings Report only);

·

The name of each Personal Account in which any securities are or could be held in the Beneficial Interest of the Access Person, and the name of the broker-dealer or financial institution holding these accounts;

·

Current holdings in private placements (or non-public offering), including private equity, hedge funds or partnerships; and

·

Each Reportable Security or Reportable Fund in which the Access Person has a Beneficial Interest, including title, number of shares, and principal amount.  Holdings information must be current as of 45 calendar days before the report is submitted.  


Quarterly Securities Transaction Report


At the end of each quarter, every Access Person must verify his or her Personal Trades or transactions in Personal Accounts through MCO by submitting a Securities Transaction Report (STR) no later than 30 calendar days following the end of each calendar quarter (whether or not trades were made).  The STR must include:


·

A description of any transaction in a Reportable Security or Reportable Fund effected during the preceding quarter, such as the date, number of shares, principal amount of securities involved, nature of the transaction (i.e., a buy or a sell), price, and the name of the broker-dealer or financial institution that effected the transaction; and

·

The name and number for any account established in the preceding quarter, including the name and address of the broker-dealer or financial institution where the account is held and the date it was created.


Certain transactions are exempt from the quarterly reporting requirement.  See Summary of Pre-clearance Requirements in Appendix 4 Reportable Securities for more information.


C.

Personal Trading Requirements and Restrictions


Prohibited Securities and Transactions


Commodities, currencies, futures, options, and selling securities short are prohibited in Personal Accounts.


Investments in companies under common control of VCH are also prohibited in Personal Accounts.


Pre-clearance Requirement


Transactions that require pre-clearance are listed in Appendix 4 Reportable Securities.


For transactions that require preclearance, you must obtain compliance approval prior to executing the transaction. Approval may only be requested by submitting a Personal Trade Pre-Clearance Request (PTR) in MCO. Compliance approval expires at the end of the trading day approval was provided (see exception granted to Covered Persons, as defined in VCHs Insider Trading Policy).


In certain circumstances, an approved and executed Personal Trade may need to be broken or profits disgorged (e.g. a Blackout Period triggered by subsequent client trading).


Cryptocurrencies Trading in cryptocurrencies must be pre-cleared using the appropriate section of the Trade Pre-Clearance form within MCO. Such trades must be executed either in an account at a firm that is on our approved broker list (see Appendix 2) or in an account that does not offer any




 

 


security trading capability. Accounts established to trade cryptocurrencies that do not have security trading capabilities must be reported in MCO. Receiving pre-clearance approval does not relieve you of your fiduciary duty and their responsibility to follow the spirit of the Code.


Compliance will review cryptocurrency trade requests for perceived or actual conflicts. As a general rule, compliance expects that cryptocurrencies traded on common crypto exchanges (e.g. Coinbase) will not pose a conflict and would be approved. Trades in cryptocurrencies will not be subject to the Short-Term Trading Period or count towards your Maximum Allowable Trades, however compliance may deny trades if it determines an actual or perceived conflict exists or an employee is trading too frequently. Decisions for approval and denial are the sole responsibility of compliance and are final.


You should be aware that the regulatory environment continues to evolve with respect to cryptocurrencies. In the future, you may be required to divest crypto holdings or hold them only at approved account providers if deemed necessary to meet regulatory requirements.


Prohibition on Personal Trades Ahead of Client Pending Orders


You are prohibited from executing Personal Trades in securities where you are aware of any pending orders in such securities by any Franchise that, if executed, would trigger a Blackout Period, create a conflict, or disadvantage a client. Adherence to the above Pre-Clearance Requirement does not provide relief from this prohibition.


Franchise Blackout Period


The Franchise Blackout Period is triggered by all client trades within an employees specific Franchise. There are no exceptions to the Franchise Blackout period. Therefore, a Personal Trade by a Franchise employee in the same name as a client trade of that employees Franchise during a Blackout Period is strictly prohibited.


Solutions Team Blackout Period


The Solutions Team Blackout Period is triggered by all Solutions Platform client trades. Therefore, a Personal Trade by a Solutions Team member during a Blackout Period in the same name as a Solutions Platform client is generally prohibited. Personal Trades in De Minimis Securities by Solutions Team members are not subject to the Solutions Team Blackout Period. The appropriate CCO, or his/her designee, may determine that a non-volitional client trade (e.g. cash flow trading) did not trigger a Blackout Period. In such cases, Compliance will confirm that there are no other potential conflicts before approving the Personal Trade.


The appropriate CCO, or his/her designee, may extend the Solutions Team Blackout Period beyond 10 days and apply it to employees outside of the Solutions Team during rebalance periods.


Standard Blackout Period


For all other employees (e.g. support staff), the Standard Blackout Period is triggered by all client trades. Therefore, a Personal Trade by an employee during a Blackout Period in the same name as any client is generally prohibited. Personal Trades in De Minimis Securities are not subject to the Standard Blackout Period. The appropriate CCO, or his/her designee, may determine that a non-volitional client trade (e.g. cash flow trading) did not trigger a Blackout Period. In such cases, Compliance will confirm that there are no other potential conflicts before approving the Personal Trade. Additionally, in certain situations (e.g. shared office spaces), the CCO, or his/her designee, may apply the Standard Blackout Period to Franchise or Solutions employees.


Private Equity Prohibitions





 

 


Employees who are part of a franchise that invests in private equity on behalf of clients are prohibited from investing in any publicly-listed portfolio companies held by such franchise. Publicly-listed companies that are not portfolio companies but are in similar sectors and industries as those that are held will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis for potential conflicts.


Short-Term Holding Period

 

Personal Trading must be for investment purposes rather than for speculation. You may not purchase and sell or sell and purchase the same security within sixty (60) calendar days, calculated on a LIFO basis.  This means each purchase will require you to hold your entire position in that security for 60 days. Similarly, this means each sale will require you not to purchase that name for 60 days. Excess profits (or losses avoided) as a result of violating this restriction may be subject to disgorgement. You should carefully consider whether you have the conviction to hold an entire position or refrain from adding to a position for at least 60 days before engaging in buy or sell transactions. See exceptions related to trading in Victory Capital stock. The Short-Term Holding Period only applies to transactions that require pre-clearance.


The appropriate CCO, in his/her sole discretion, may approve exceptions to this requirement.


Maximum Allowable Trades

 

You are limited to 20 Personal Trades per calendar quarter across your Personal Accounts.  A trade in the same security in multiple accounts on the same day will count as one trade. A CCO, in his/her sole discretion, may approve exceptions to this requirement.


Small Market Capitalization Securities


Personal Trading in smaller market capitalization stocks (e.g. less than $1 billion), especially any microcap stocks, is discouraged.  Personal Trading by members of a Franchise in common holdings with clients, especially in low volume or low market capitalization stocks, could lead to a potential conflict of interest and therefore may be prohibited.


IPO Rule


You may not directly or indirectly acquire a Beneficial Interest in any securities offered in an IPO or in an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), in a Personal Account or Managed Account, without prior approval of a CCO or his/her designee.  


Limited Offerings (Private Placements)


You may not acquire a Beneficial Interest in a private placement without the prior approval of a CCO or his/her designee.  Prior approval is required whether investing directly or through a Personal Account or Managed Account.  Private placements, such as investment in a private company, investments in a hedge fund or other private investment fund are reportable through the pre-clearance process.  Subsequent capital contributions and full or partial redemptions must be pre-cleared through MCO.  


Market Timing Mutual Fund Transactions


You shall not participate in any activity that may be construed as market timing of mutual funds. Specifically, you shall not engage in excessive trading or market timing activities as described in each prospectus of a Proprietary Products or Reportable Fund.  


Trading in Victory Capital Stock





 

 


Victory Capital Stock (VCTR) is a Reportable Security under the Code and any transaction in VCTR in a Personal Account must be precleared. You may be eligible for certain benefits related to VCTR, such as participation in the ESPP and grants of stock options or restricted stock. Certain transactions related to these benefits will require pre-clearance. For a summary of pre-clearance requirements for VCTR see Pre-Clearance Requirements for Victory Capital Stock under Appendix 4 Reportable Securities. If you are uncertain whether a transaction requires pre-clearance, they should consult with compliance prior to trading.


VCTR transactions related to the above employee benefits will not trigger the Short-Term Holding Period in a Personal Account. Likewise, VCTR transactions in a Personal Account will not affect an employees ability to exercise such employee benefits.


Covered Persons, as defined in VCHs Insider Trading Policy, will have 3 business days upon receipt of approval to effect transactions in VCTR.


D.

Representations and Warranties


Each time you submit a PTR, you shall be deemed to make the following representations and warranties:


·

You are not in possession of any MNPI for the requested security;

·

You are not aware of any client trading in the same security during any Blackout Period to which you are subject

·

You have not traded the same position in the opposite direction, in the past 60 days (Mandatory Short-Term Holding Period);


E.

 Quarterly and Annual Certifications of Compliance


You are required to certify quarterly that you have disclosed all reportable:

1.

Gifts and entertainment;

2.

Outside Business Activities;

3.

Political activity and contributions;

4.

All Personal Trading Accounts, including Managed Accounts; and

5.

Personal Trades.


You are required to certify annually to the following:

1.

You have read, understand and complied with this Code and other related policies;

2.

You have read, understand and complied with Victory Capitals Corporate Information Protection and Technology Use Policy (A-8);

3.

You have provided and verified all reportable holdings data; and

4.

You have answered all additional questions and disclosures within the Annual Code of Ethics Certification in an accurate and truthful manner.


 




 

 


F. Review Procedures


Compliance will maintain review procedures consistent with this Code.


G.

Recordkeeping


All Code of Ethics records will be maintained pursuant to the provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act.


H.

Whistleblower Provisions


If you believe that there has been a violation of this Code, you must promptly notify a CCO or CLO or report anonymously to the Ethics telephone hotline at 800-584-9055.  You are protected from retaliation for reporting violations of this Code.  Retaliation or the threat of retaliation against you for reporting a violation constitutes a further violation of this Code and may lead to immediate suspension and further sanctions.  See the appropriate whistleblower policy for more information.


VCM is also responsible for communicating the Affiliated Funds whistleblower procedures to applicable employees.  The Affiliated Funds have implemented procedures for receiving anonymous reports of suspected or actual violations of Affiliated Funds policies and questionable accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters.  Call 866-844-3863 to initiate a report regarding an Affiliated Fund.


I.

Confidentiality

All information obtained from any employee shall be kept in strict confidence, except when requested by the SEC or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization, and may otherwise be disclosed to the extent required by law or regulation.  Additionally, certain information may be provided to a broker-dealer, service provider or vendor, such as employee name, social security number and home address, in order to ascertain Personal Trading activity that is required to be disclosed by an Access Person.


J.

Reporting to the Board of Directors of Affiliated Funds


At least annually, the appropriate Affiliated Advisers will provide the Board of Directors of Affiliated Funds with information regarding: 1) any Material Violations under this Code and any sanctions imposed as a response to such Material Violation; and 2) certification that it has adopted procedures necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating this Code.



8.

Code of Ethics Violation Guidelines


You are responsible for conducting your activities in accordance with this Code.  Violations of the Code may result in applicable sanctions.  


Sanctions may correlate to the severity of the violation and may take into consideration, among other things, such factors as the frequency and severity of any prior violations.  A CCO may recommend escalation to the VCM Board of Directors and Compliance Committee.  When necessary, the VCM Board of Directors may obtain input from the Compliance Committee and a CCO when determining whether such violation is a Material Violation.  


The CCOs hold discretionary authority to revoke Personal Trading privileges for any length of time and also reserve the right to lift Personal Trading sanctions in response to market conditions.  Additionally, a CCO




 

 


or Compliance Committee may impose a monetary penalty for any violation.  A CCO will report all warnings, violations, exceptions granted and sanctions to the Compliance Committee.  




Minor Violations

Potential Actions


·

Provided incorrect or incomplete account or trading information

·

Engaging in a pattern of discouraged or excessive trading

·

Trading without pre-clearance approval when trade would have normally been approved and additional violations did not occur

·

Failure to submit a complete or timely initial or annual holdings or securities transactions report

·

Failure to provide the Compliance Department a duplicate confirmation in a timely manner after request or notice by the Compliance Department

·

Failure to pre-clear properly an outside business activity prior to commencement of such activity

·

Failure to complete a quarterly or annual certification by due date

·

Failure to pre-clear an investment in a private placement that would have been approved



·

Compliance may question you and document response

·

1st violation within a 12-month period may result in a warning letter

·

CCO and Compliance Committee may be notified of all warnings and citations given to employees

·

You may be required to break a trade or disgorge profits from the trade

·

Any additional actions a CCO or Compliance deem appropriate under the circumstances

Technical Violations

Potential Actions


·

Any pattern of a Minor Violation within a 12-month period may qualify as a Technical Violation

·

Failure to report a Personal Account

·

Trading without pre-clearance approval when trade would not have been approved

·

Trading without pre-clearance or supplied incorrect information, which may have resulted in additional violations

·

Failure to pre-clear any activity that would have been denied by the Compliance Department

·

Any willful violations of the Code, as determined by a CCO, to be more severe than a Minor Violation


·

Compliance may question you and document response

·

Compliance may issue a warning letter

·

Compliance Committee may be notified

·

Human Resources may be notified

·

You may be required to break a trade or disgorge profits from the trade any such profits will be donated to charity

·

Temporary ban from Personal Trading for no less than 30 calendar days

·

A fine may be imposed, as determined by a CCO on a case-by-case basis

·

Any other actions deemed appropriate by a CCO or compliance


Repeat Technical Violations

Potential Actions


·

Any Technical Violation that is repeated at least two (2) times during a 12-month period


·

A CCO may meet with your direct manager to discuss violation

·

Human Resources may be notified

·

You may be required to break a trade or disgorge profits from the trade any such profits will be donated to charity

·

Three (3) or more technical violations within a 12-month period may receive a citation letter, monetary fine and loss of Personal Trading privileges for no less than 90 calendar days

·

Any other actions deemed appropriate by a CCO or compliance


Material Violations / Fraudulent Actions

Potential Actions


·

Any Material Violation


·

Compliance Committee will review and recommend sanctions and penalties up to and including termination of employment

·

The Board of Directors and, when applicable, clients may be notified

·

Possible criminal sanctions imposed by regulatory authorities

·

A fine of $10,000 may be imposed by the Board of Directors

·

Any other actions deemed appropriate by a CCO, Compliance Committee or the Board of Directors



The Code of Ethics Violation Guidelines provides examples of potential Code violations and the actions that Victory Capital might take if you violate the Code; it is not intended to serve as an exhaustive list of potential Code violations or actions relating thereto.  All findings of Code violations and any actions relating thereto will be made on a case-by-case basis.  The CCOs have discretion to interpret violations and impose various sanctions in response to such violations as deemed necessary.



Reconsideration


If you wish to dispute a violation notice, you may submit a written explanation of the circumstances of the violation to a CCO.  The CCOs (and the CLO if escalation is deemed necessary) will review submissions on a case-by-case basis.  The CCOs and CLO are under no obligation to change any sanction that has been imposed.






Copyright © 2022, Victory Capital Management Inc.

 


        



Appendix 1 Affiliated Funds, Proprietary Products & Reportable Funds


As described in this Code, certain restrictions apply to trading in an Affiliated Fund, a Proprietary Product and any fund sub-advised by an Affiliated Adviser.  Please refer to the companys intranet site Under the wing for a complete list or follow one of the links below.


Affiliated Funds


For the most up-to-date list of Affiliated Victory Funds, please visit www.vcm.com.


Proprietary Products


Pre-clearance is required before trading in one of the following Proprietary Products, which is a fund or product in which Victory Capital or its employees have an aggregate of 25% or more Beneficial Interest:


·

Victory Munder Small Cap Growth Fund (MASCX, MYSGX), managed by Munder Capital Management

·

Victory Munder Small Cap/Mid-Cap Blend (strategy), managed by Munder Capital Management


Sub-Advised Funds


VCM acts as sub-adviser to a number of unaffiliated registered investment companies (mutual funds).  Please refer to VCMs ADV filed with the SEC by searching for the firm name on https://www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.  ADV Part 1 contains SECTION 5.G.(3), which lists Advisers to Registered Investment Companies and Business Development Companies.  The name of the fund complex can be obtained by searching for the SEC File Number (under More Options) using EDGAR: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html.  A complete list is also available on the companys intranet site Under the wing under the compliance tab.





 


        



Appendix 2 Approved Brokers List


You are allowed to open new or maintain existing personal or managed accounts at any of the brokers listed below. However, you may NOT begin trading in a brokerage account until it is reported in MCO and set up on our broker data feed. The approved brokers have been divided into tiers based on how responsive they typically are to our requests to add new accounts to the broker data feed.



Tier 1 Approved Brokers

These brokers provide enhanced broker data feed functionality and typically add new accounts to our broker data feed within 1 3 business days.


1.

Charles Schwab

2.

Fidelity Investments

3.

Interactive Brokers

4.

TD Ameritrade


Tier 2 Approved Brokers

These brokers may take longer than Tier 1 Approved Brokers, but they generally add new accounts to our broker data feed within 5 business days.


1.

Ameriprise Financial Services

2.

E*TRADE

3.

Edward Jones

4.

Merrill Lynch

5.

UBS

6.

Vanguard


Tier 3 Approved Brokers

These brokers may require you to sign a form before they will add a new account to our broker data feed, and/or typically take longer to update the feed once all their requirements are met your ability to trade in a new account at these firms may be significantly delayed.


1.

JP Morgan Chase

2.

Morgan Stanley

3.

Northern Trust

4.

Raymond James

5.

RBC

6.

Wells Fargo


Approved Non-Brokers

The following types of accounts are typically not held through a traditional brokerage firm but are still allowed under the Code of Ethics you may be required to manually report transactions effected in reportable securities within these types of accounts.


1.

Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans

2.

ESOP/ESPP

3.

Direct Registration Service (DRS i.e. Computershare, American Stock Transfer Company, etc.)






 


        



Appendix 3 Investment Account Disclosure


New Hires may not trade in their existing accounts until they have been disclosed and approved by compliance. By regulation, such disclosure must take place within 10 days of hire. All new Personal Accounts and Managed Accounts must be reported to compliance prior to trading or on the next quarterly certification, whichever is sooner.   Failure to comply may result in sanctions imposed by the VCM Compliance Committee and/or Board of Directors.


The below chart summarizes certain account types and their disclosure requirements. If you have a beneficial interest in any account identified below, you must follow the disclosure requirements.   If you are uncertain whether an account should be disclosed or if you have a beneficial interest in an account not listed below, you should consult with a CCO or a member of the Compliance team.


Account Type

Initial Disclosure

Periodic Verification

All Personal Accounts

Yes

Yes

All Managed Accounts

Yes

Yes

Affiliated Fund Direct Accounts

Yes

Yes

401(k) if able to hold Reportable Securities

Yes

Yes

Security Lending Accounts

Yes

Yes

Margin Accounts

Yes

Yes

Investment Club Accounts

Yes

Yes

Private Placements

Yes

No

Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Fund Direct Accounts

No

No

Retirement accounts if unable to hold Reportable Securities

No

No

529 Plans

No

No

Bank accounts if unable to hold Reportable Securities

No

No

Donor Advised Fund (only pre-clear gift of stock to account)

No

No

HSA Investments (if unable to hold Reportable Securities)

No

No

Accounts that facilitate trading cryptocurrencies

Yes

Yes



Also see the Account Reporting Job Aid for more details.





 

 


        



Appendix 4 Reportable Securities


Most transactions in Personal Accounts require you to submit a PTR through MCO.  See Section VI: Personal Trading Requirements and Restrictions for more information.  


Summary of Pre-clearance and Reporting Requirements


The below chart summarizes the pre-clearance and reporting requirements of certain security types. Additional details can be found in the Pre-Clearance Job Aid. If you are uncertain whether a transaction requires pre-clearance, you should consult with a CCO or a member of the Compliance team. For Victory Capital Stock, please refer to the Summary of Pre-Clearance Requirements for Victory Capital Stock provided in this Appendix.


Prohibited in Personal Accounts

Commodity Futures

Futures

Options

Currency Futures

Selling Securities Short

Companies under common control with VCH

Pre-clear in Managed Accounts and Personal Accounts

Initial Public Offerings (IPO)

Initial Coin Offerings (ICO)

Private placements

Pre-clear in Personal Accounts

Equities

Corporate, High-Yield, Convertible, International, and Municipal Bonds

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including affiliated ETFs

Exchange-traded notes (ETNs)

Closed-end funds

Mortgage-Backed Securities

Agency Securities (e.g. Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac etc.)

Trust preferred & traditional preferred securities

Any securities that are gifted or donated by an Access Person (e.g. direct to charity or to donor advised fund)

Unit investment trusts

Victory Proprietary Products (MASCX, MYSGX, MAEMX, MYEMX)

VCM 401(k) transactions greater than $100,000 in a Proprietary Product

Cryptocurrencies (e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.)

Reportable ONLY (pre-clearance NOT required)

Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRIPs)

Victory or USAA Mutual Funds, unless its a Proprietary Product

Variable insurance products only where an Affiliated Adviser serves as adviser or sub-adviser

Exempt Transactions (only the effect of these transactions will be captured as an update on the annual holdings certification)

Approved automatic or periodic investment plans

Dividend reinvestment transactions

Corporate action transactions (e.g., stock splits, rights offerings, mergers and acquisitions)

Security lending transactions

Exempt Securities not subject to the Code

Direct obligations of the U.S. government

Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit and commercial paper

Investment grade, short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements

Money market funds

Variable insurance products unless an Affiliated Adviser acts as adviser or sub-adviser

Unaffiliated open-end mutual funds

Investments in qualified tuition programs (529 Plans), including the USAA College Savings Plan

Physical Commodities (i.e. precious metals)

Foreign Currencies held in order to use as currency (not for investment/speculation purposes)


Summary of Pre-Clearance Requirements for Victory Capital Stock (ticker VCTR)


VCTR Transaction Description

Pre-Clear

Common Stock (Class A Shares)

 

Employee purchase or sale in any Personal Account (e.g. a brokerage account for the benefit of the employee or for the benefit of the employees Immediate Family)

Yes

Employee purchase or sale in a Managed Account approved by Compliance.

No

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)


Purchases made pursuant to Employee Stock Purchase Plan

No

Sales of shares acquired through the Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Yes

Options


Sale of shares in the open market acquired through the exercise of any options

Yes

Cash Exercise - Employee pays the entire cost of the exercise.

No

Withhold Shares - Victory Capital withholds shares equal to the cost of the exercise.

No

Restricted Stock (Class B Shares)


Selling restricted stock in the open market

Yes

Cash - Cash payment to cover vested shares tax liability

No

Net - Surrender shares to Victory Capital to cover vested shares tax liability

No

10b5-1 Trading Plan


Officers of VCH required to make filings under Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, conducting trades in accordance with an approved 10b5-1 Trading Plan.

No








 


        



Appendix 5 ETFs Eligible for De Minimis Transaction Exemption


Firm trades in the following ETFs will not trigger any Blackout Period due to their use as highly liquid cash management vehicles in various client accounts.


Name

Symbol

CUSIP

iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF

IEF

464287440

iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF

TLT

464287432

iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF

IEFA

46432F842

iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF

IEMG

46434G103

iShares Core S&P 500 ETF

IVV

464287200

iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF

AGG

464287226

iShares FTSE China 25 Index

FXI

464287184

iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond

HYG

464288513

iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF

LQD

464287242

iShares MSCI ACWI Index Fund

ACWI

464288257

iShares MSCI China Index Fund

MCHI

46429B671

iShares MSCI Emerging Index Fund ETF

EEM

464287234

iShares MSCI EAFE Index Fund ETF

EFA

464287465

iShares MSCI Japan Index Fund ETF

EWJ

464286848

iShares MSCI India

INDA

46429B598

iShares Russell 1000                                                                        

IWF

464287614

iShares Russell 2000 ETF

IWM

464287655

iShares Russell 2000 Value

IWN

464287630

iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value

IWS

464287473

SPDR Bloomberg Barclays High Yield Bond ETF

JNK

78468R622

SPDR S&P 500 ETF

SPY

78462F103

SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF

MDY

78467Y107

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US ETF

VEU

922042775

Vanguard FTSE Developed Markets ETF

VEA

921943858

Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF

VWO

922042858

Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF

VGK

922042874

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities ETF

VMBS

92206C771

Vanguard Real Estate ETF

VNQ

922908553

Vanguard Short-Term Bond ETF

BSV

921937827

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond ETF

VCSH

92206C409

Vanguard S&P 500 ETF

VOO

922908363

Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF

BND

921937835

Vanguard Total International Stock ETF

VXUS

921909768

Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF

VTI

922908769







 


Supplement 1

RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited
Code of Ethics Supplement (Hong Kong Supplement)


The following policies and procedures are in addition to, and supersede where relevant, the policies and procedures detailed in the Code.


I. COMPLIANCE


General


Compliance with all regulatory requirements is of the utmost importance to RS Investments (Hong Kong) Limited (RSHK).  All staff members of RSHK should read and understand the content of the Code and Victory Capitals Compliance Manual (the Compliance Manual), and each staff member should also read and understand the content of the Code of Conduct for Persons Licensed by or Registered with the Securities and Futures Commission (the Code of Conduct) and the Fund Manager Code of Conduct (the FMCC) issued by the Securities and Futures Commission (the SFC) where such staff member is licensed by the SFC.  RSHK should at all times have at least one designated Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer and the responsible officers who are ultimately responsible for seeking to ensure compliance by RSHK with all applicable regulatory requirements on a daily basis are identified in the RSHK Compliance Manual.


In addition, it is also the duty of all staff members of RSHK to comply with the contents of the Code and the Compliance Manual, and to observe all other regulatory requirements as applicable to them from time to time, in all their activities on behalf of RSHK.  Failure to do so may result in disciplinary action.


II. PROHIBITED CONDUCT


General


Every director, manager or any other person involved in the management of RSHK has a statutory obligation to take all reasonable measures from time to time to seek to ensure that proper safeguards exist to prevent RSHK from acting in a way which would result in RSHK perpetrating any market misconduct under the Securities and Futures Ordinance (the SFO).


Market Misconduct


Market misconduct under the SFO means:


1.

Insider dealing

2.

False trading

3.

Price rigging

4.

Disclosure of information about prohibited transactions

5.

Disclosure of false or misleading information inducing transactions

stock market manipulation; and

6.

Includes attempting to engage in, or assisting, counseling or procuring another person to engage in any of the above activities


Insider Dealing


See Section IV Policy Statement on Insider Trading for more information.


False Trading





 

 


False trading attracts civil and criminal liabilities.  In brief, false trading occurs when a person, in Hong Kong or elsewhere, engages in conduct intending that, or being reckless as to whether, it creates, or is likely to create, a false or misleading appearance of active trading in securities or futures contracts traded on a Hong Kong or overseas market.  An on-market wash sale or matched order is presumed to create a false or misleading appearance of active trading.


Price Rigging


Price rigging attracts civil and criminal liabilities.  In brief, price rigging occurs where a person, in Hong Kong or elsewhere engages, directly or indirectly, in:


1.

 A wash sale which maintains, increases, reduces, stabilizes or causes fluctuations in, the price of securities traded on a Hong Kong market; or


2.

 Any fictitious or artificial transaction or device, intending that, or being reckless as to whether, it maintains, increases, reduces, stabilizes or causes fluctuations in, the price of securities, or the price for dealing in futures contracts, traded on a Hong Kong market.


There will also be a breach where such activity is carried out in Hong Kong which affects shares and futures contracts that are traded on an overseas market.


Disclosure of Prohibited Transactions and Disclosure of False and Misleading Information


Disclosure of prohibited transactions and disclosure of false and misleading information inducing transactions attract civil and criminal liabilities.  In brief, these occur when a person discloses, circulates or disseminates information:


1.

To the effect that the price of securities of a corporation, or the price for dealings in futures contracts, will be maintained, reduced or stabilized because of a prohibited transaction; or

2.

That is likely to induce a transaction in securities or futures contracts if the information is false or misleading.


Stock Market Manipulation


Stock market manipulation attracts civil and criminal liabilities under the laws of Hong Kong.  It is prohibited when, in Hong Kong or elsewhere, a person enters into, directly or indirectly, two or more transactions in securities that by themselves or in conjunction with any other transaction increase reduce, maintain or stabilize the price of securities and with the effect of influencing the investment decisions of other persons.


Other Offenses


All Victory Capital employees, including the employees of RSHK, are prohibited from engaging in the Short-Selling of any securities, including "naked" or "uncovered," Short-Selling on the SEHK.  It is a criminal offence under the SFO for a person to sell securities at or through the SEHK unless at the time of the sale he (or his client, if he acts as an agent) has a presently exercisable and unconditional right to vest the securities in the purchaser of them, or believes and has reasonable grounds to believe that he (or his client, as the case may be) has such a right.


RSHK should also note that section 171 of the SFO imposes a duty to report Short-Selling transactions (which are covered) on both the seller (as a principal, whether he is a client or an intermediary) and the intermediary (as an agent).  RSHK must also observe the Securities and Futures (Short-Selling and Securities Borrowing and Lending (Miscellaneous) Rules) and the SFCs "Guidance Note on Short-Selling Reporting and Stock Lending Record Keeping Requirements" as applicable.


RSHK and the employees of RSHK shall not make any unsolicited call (unless specifically allowed under s174 of the SFO or under the Securities and Futures (Unsolicited Calls Exclusion) Rules in order to induce




 

 


or attempt to induce another person to sell or purchase securities, futures contract or leveraged foreign exchange contract.


Other criminal offences under the SFO include:


1.

 Offence involving fraudulent or deceptive devices etc. in transactions in securities, futures contracts or leveraged foreign exchange trading;


2.

 Offence of disclosing false or misleading information inducing others to enter into leveraged foreign exchange contracts; and


3.

 Offence of falsely representing dealings in futures contracts on behalf of others, etc.


Other Misconduct


Prohibition on Shadowing


An employee is prohibited from replicating deliberately what the clients of RSHK trade for the purpose of making speculative profits or avoiding losses.


Prohibition on Churning or Twisting


RSHK is not permitted to generate high commission income by putting excessive orders through the client accounts.


Prohibition on Rat Trading


An employee is prohibited from rat trading, which covers deliberate trading to the disadvantage of the client.  For example, a fund manager might execute a buy order and delay allocating it to the funds or accounts it manages.  If the price moves up, he may allocate it to his own account or to a nominee account at the lower execution price.  On the other hand, he may delay executing the order and, if the price moves down, buy it at the lower price for himself or herself and sell it to the fund or accounts that it manages.




 

 


Supplement 2

RS Investment Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (RSIMS) Code of Ethics Supplement (Singapore Supplement)


The policies and procedures in this Singapore Supplement to the Code apply to Access Persons of RSIMS and are in addition to, and supplement, the policies and procedures detailed in the Code.

Matters set out in the relevant sections of this Singapore Supplement shall be read in conjunction, and as one, with the Code. To the extent there is any inconsistency between the Code and this Singapore Supplement, this Singapore Supplement shall prevail.


Short-Selling of Securities


All Victory Capital employees, including employees of RSIMS, are prohibited from Short-Selling any security.


Trading on Inside Information


In addition to the requirements set out in the Code, all employees of RSIMS and all members of their Immediate Family are required to comply with all applicable laws in Singapore in relation to any Securities Transactions.  Such laws include but are not limited to Part XII (Market Conduct) of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289 of Singapore) (SFA) which set out prohibitions against the following conduct:

·

False trading and market rigging transactions;

·

Securities market manipulation and manipulation of prices of futures contracts and cornering;

·

The making of false or misleading statements or the dissemination of information that is false or misleading;

·

Fraudulently inducing persons to deal in securities or trade in futures contracts;

·

Employment of fraudulent or deceptive devices, or manipulative and deceptive devices;

·

Bucketing; and

·

Insider trading and tipping off.


Reporting Requirements


In addition to the Personal Account and Personal Trading requirements and restrictions set out in the Code, each employee of RSIMS who acts as a representative of RSIMS in RSIMS capacity as the holder of a capital markets services license issued pursuant to the SFA for fund management (each a Relevant Access Person) is required to maintain a register of his or her interests in securities (as such term is defined in section 2(1) of the SFA, the relevant extract of which is set out in the Appendix) that are listed for quotation, or quoted, on a securities exchange or recognized market operator in the prescribed Form 15 to the Securities and Futures (Licensing and Conduct of Business) Regulations (Rg 10).


Within 7 days after the date he or she acquires the interest in the relevant securities, each Relevant Access Person shall be required to enter into his or her register:


1.

Particulars of securities in which such Relevant Access Person has any interest; and

2.

Particulars of such interests.


Where there is any change in any interest in the securities of such Relevant Access Person, he or she shall enter particulars of the change (including the date of the change and the circumstances by reason of which the change has occurred), within 7 days after the date of the change.


All entries in the register must be kept in an easily accessible form for a period of not less than 5 years after the date on which such entry was first made.   The register shall:

1.

If in physical form, be kept at RSIMSs principal place of business in Singapore; or

2.


 

 


If in electronic form, be kept in such manner so as to ensure that full access to the register may be gained by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) at RSIMSs principal place of business in Singapore.


RSIMS is required to maintain records of the place at which the Relevant Access Persons keep their respective registers and the places at which copies of those registers are kept in Singapore. As a separate matter, RSIMS is also required to maintain a Form 15 in relation to RSIMS own interests in the relevant Securities.


Footnotes

1 Rule 17j-1 requires that fund advisers adopt written codes of ethics and have procedures in place to prevent their personnel from abusing their access to information about the fund's securities trading and requires "access persons" to submit reports periodically containing information about their personal securities holdings and transactions.




Copyright © 2022, Victory Capital Management Inc.

 



Converted by EDGARwiz


 


 

 




Compliance Manual June 2021


Western Asset Policies and Procedures



Western Asset Code of Ethics





Table of Contents


Introduction

1

Registration

1

U.S. Federal Registration

1

State Registration

2

CFTC & NFA

2

Supervision

3

Compliance Program

3

Compliance Training

4

Establishing New Accounts

4

Brochure Rule

5

Performance-based Fees in Advisory Contracts

5

Referral Arrangements

6

Recordkeeping Requirements

7

Documents Relating to Western Asset

7

Documents Relating to Clients Generally

8

Documents Relating to Specific Advice and Transactions

8

Records of Employee Transactions

8

Compliance Program Records

8

Advertisements

8

Retention Requirements

10

General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”)

10

Advertising and Marketing Materials

10

“Advertisements” Defined

10

Prohibited Advertisements

10

Commingled Vehicles

11

Legal and Compliance Review

11

Social Media

11

Advertising Performance Results

11

Communications With the Public

12

Dealing with the Media, Analysts and Press Releases

12

Electronic Communications/Social Media

13

Use of Client Names

13

Trading Practices

14

Best Execution

14

Allocation of Securities Among Clients

17

Alternative Investments

18

Proprietary Accounts

19

Model Delivery and Trade Rotation

19

Trade Reallocations

20

Information Barriers

21

Affiliated and Principal Transactions

22

Cross Transactions

23

Broker Approvals

25

US Treasury Auctions & Government of Canada Securities Auctions

27

Error Correction

28

Portfolio Coverage for US Investment Companies

30





iv




Soft Dollars & Directed Brokerage

31

Directed Brokerage

32

Conflicts of Interest

32

Political Contributions

33

Serving as a Director

34

Personal Trading

35

Outside Business Activities

35

Gifts and Entertainment

36

Personal Investments with Business Contacts

37

Prevention of Insider Trading

38

Reporting Criminal Conduct & Fit and Proper Requirements

40

Custody of Client Assets

40

Definition of Custody

40

Qualified Custodians

41

Notice to Clients

41

Quarterly Account Statements

41

Termination of Client Accounts

41

List of Authorized Persons

41

Complaints, Material Events, Litigation, and Regulatory Matters

42

Client Investment Guidelines

43

Proxy Voting

44

Retirement Accounts

48

Corporate Actions

48

Privacy

49

Client Confidentiality: Safeguarding Client Information

49

Information Security

50

Anti-Money Laundering and Sanctions

52

Regulatory Obligations

52

Escalation Procedures

52

Client and Prospect Related Sanctions

52

Investment Related Sanctions

53

Training

53

Compliance Monitoring

53

Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)

53

Prudent Expert Rule

54

Investments in Affiliated Commingled and Mutual Funds

54

Bonding

54

Form LM-10 Reporting Obligations

55

Additional Regulatory Filings

55

Section 13

55

Section 16

56

Form PF Reporting Obligations

56

Trade and Transaction Reporting Obligations

56

 





Business Continuity Plan

57

Copyright Considerations

58

COMPASS

58

Western Asset Code of Ethics

59





Introduction

Introduction

Western Asset Management Company, LLC (“Western Asset” or the “Firm”) provides investment management services to a broad range of clients. As a registered investment adviser, Western Asset owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. The purpose of this compliance manual (the “Compliance Manual”) is to establish policies that will eliminate, mitigate or disclose potential conflicts of interest and ensure that Western Asset remains in compliance with applicable statutes and regulations. The Legal and Compliance Department is responsible for all matters of interpretation and guidance arising under these policies. Where appropriate, the Legal and Compliance Department will consult and coordinate with other groups within Western Asset in order to provide interpretive guidance or advice.

Registration


Registration


POLICY

U.S. FEDERAL REGISTRATION

Western Asset is required to register with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), as an investment adviser. It is not required to register in any state. Western Asset’s registration with the SEC was effected through its filing of Form ADV.


In accordance with Rule 204-1 promulgated under the Advisers Act, Western Asset must amend its Form ADV and file such amendments with the SEC according to the following guidelines:


Continuous Obligations. If the information contained in response to Items 1, 3, 9, or 11 of Part 1A, or Items 1, 2.A through 2.F, or 2.I of Part 1B of Form ADV becomes inaccurate for any reason, or if the information contained in response to any questions in Items 4, 8, or 10 of Part 1A, or Item 2.G of Part 1B of Form ADV becomes inaccurate in a material manner, Western Asset must promptly file an amendment. Western Asset will promptly amend Part 2 of Form ADV for any material changes..


Annual Amendments. Amendments must be filed no later than ninety (90) days after the end of its fiscal year. Western Asset’s fiscal year end is September 30th.


Under Rule 204-5 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 investment advisers are required to deliver a relationship summary to retail investors disclos- ing certain information about the firm. The relationship summary is filed as Form ADV, Part 3 (Form CRS) electronically with the IARD. A retail investor is defined as a natural person, or the legal representative of such natural person, who seeks to receive or receives services primarily for personal, family or household purposes.


Western Asset’s business and investment personnel are responsible for being familiar with the Form ADV descriptions of products and services for which they are responsible and for promptly notifying the Legal and Compliance Department of proposed changes in products and services that may necessitate changes to the Firm’s Form ADV disclosures and/or notification to existing advisory clients.


PROCEDURES

The Regulatory Affairs Group in the Legal and Compliance Department shall initiate review and coordinate required data necessary to complete the annual update of Form ADV Parts 1 and 2A. Arrangements for deposit of the appropriate fees into the IARD account shall also be initiated at this time. The Regulatory Affairs Group shall also update the Form ADV Parts 1 and Part 2A and 3 as needed during the year. The Global Account Transitions Team (“GAT”) and the Legal and Compliance Department Regulatory Affairs Group shall work with Publications to ensure the information in ADV Part 2B (the “brochure supplement”) is accurate. Relevant departments shall be consulted in order to ensure that disclosures are accurate and appropriate. Final versions of Form ADV Parts 1 and 2A are filed electronically with the SEC as required through the IARD system. Part 3 must be updated and re-filed with the SEC within 30 days whenever any information becomes materially inaccurate.


The brochure supplement, contains biographical information about Portfolio Managers that includes businesses and educational background, other business activities, disciplinary history, compensation and a brief description of how the Portfolio Manager is supervised. Prior to the time a new client account is ready to begin trading, the client must be provided notice as to who will be providing investment management services on the account, and the Part 2B must be delivered. If an existing client account changes its mandate and that change necessitates a new portfolio manage- ment team or member, the Part 2B information about the new team or member must be provided to the client prior to the change being effected. Similarly, if a new Portfolio Manager joins a team, notice must be provided to the effected clients prior to the new team member being permitted to trade on the account.


The brochure supplement must also be delivered to a client if an addition or amendment is made to the disciplinary information portion of the disclo- sure; as such information is deemed to be material.





Upon notice of a Portfolio Manager addition, termination or change, the GAT team, the Portfolio Operations Group, the Client Service teams (Graphics and Reporting), and the Regulatory Affairs Group work together to facilitate preparation and, if required, delivery of the documents in a timely manner. In the instance where a Portfolio Manager is being added to an account, clients will be notified prior to the Portfolio Manager commencing manage- ment of the assets in question, consistent with SEC requirements.


The Regulatory Affairs Group will ensure the Customer Relationship Summary contains information that is accurate. If any information becomes materially inaccurate, the Regulatory Affairs Group will amend and re-file Form CRS. The GAT team will be responsible for delivering Form CRS to the appropriate retail investors and upon request.


POLICY

STATE REGISTRATION

States are authorized to require federally registered investment advisers to make notice filings that include copies of any documents that the invest- ment adviser files with the SEC along with consent to service of process. The states may also require federally registered investment advisers to pay a fee in connection with the notice filings.


Under the current regulatory scheme, a state is also empowered to require the registration or licensing of each “investment adviser representative” of federally registered investment advisers; provided such person has a place of business in the state.


Firm Notice Filings. Generally, an investment adviser must notice file in any state in which it maintains a place of business. In addition, Western Asset has clients that are located in a number of different states. To meet these requirements, Western Asset notice files in all 50 states and shall do so through its Form ADV filing.


Investment Adviser Representatives. States may require Western Asset to register any “investment adviser representative” that maintains a place of business within the state. A representative will be deemed to be an “investment adviser representative” under Rule 203A-3 promulgated under the Advisers Act if: (i) the representative has more than five (5) clients that are natural persons; and (ii) more than ten percent (10%) of the representative’s clients are natural persons, other than “excepted persons” (i.e., clients with more than $1,000,000 invested with Western Asset and a net worth of at least $2,000,000).


In order to trigger state investment adviser representative registration, the representative must also have a place of business in the state. Generally, a place of business is deemed to include an office or any other location that is held out to the public as a location where the investment adviser repre- sentative engages in business.


Western Asset’s client base will most likely exempt its representatives from being deemed investment adviser representatives. Western Asset, how- ever, will review the applicable registration regulations in each state where an investment adviser representative maintains a place of business, and effectuate the appropriate registration when necessary.


PROCEDURES

The Firm’s current practice is to notice file in all states. The Regulatory Affairs Group affirms this as part of the annual Form ADV updates and make the appropriate indications on the Firm’s Form ADV. The Firm is required to review its notice filing status and its list of Investment Adviser representatives in connection with its annual IARD (Investment Adviser Registration Depository) renewal process. The Firm’s annual renewal occurs in the 4th quarter of the calendar year and requires the payment of associated fees. As noted above, Western Asset’s institutional client base generally exempts it from having to register Investment Adviser representatives. The only current exception to this rule is in the State of Texas which requires the registration of a single representative. Members of the Regulatory Affairs Group monitor industry developments or changes to state registration requirements through trade publications and alerts as well as through IARD notices. The Firm’s practice of notice filing in all states precludes the need to monitor the locations of individual clients for notice filing purposes.


POLICY

CFTC & NFA

In addition to being registered as an investment adviser with the SEC, Western Asset is also registered as a commodity trading advisor (“CTA”) and a commodity pool operator (‘CPO”) with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). The National Futures Association (the “NFA”) was created by the CFTC as the self-regulatory organization for the U.S. derivatives industry, including on-exchange traded futures, retail off-exchange foreign currency (forex) and OTC derivatives (swaps). The Firm maintains separate policies and procedures relating to Western Asset’s CPO and CTA registrations.





Supervision

Supervision


Background

In accordance with Section 203(e)(6) of the Advisers Act, Western Asset as an investment adviser has a statutory duty to supervise the activities of persons who act on its behalf. The Rule also states that no person shall be deemed to have failed reasonably to supervise any person if:

1.

there have been established procedures, and a system for applying such procedures, which would reasonably be expected to prevent and detect, insofar as practicable, any such violation by such other person, and

2.

such person has reasonably discharged the duties and obligations incumbent upon him by reason of such procedures and system without reasonable cause to believe that such procedures and system were not being complied with.

In addition to having procedures in place, the SEC expects supervisors to respond vigorously when wrongdoing or possible indications of wrongdo- ing are brought to their attention. According to the SEC, supervisors should take appropriate actions decisively to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.

Western Asset’s obligations as a registered Commodities Trading Advisor and Commodity Pool Operator also make the firm subject to CFTC and NFA rules regarding supervision. NFA Rule 2.9 states that each member shall diligently supervise its employees and agents in the conduct of their commodity futures activities for or on behalf of the Member. CFTC Rule 166.3 requires diligent supervision of employees and agents relating to its business as a Commission registrant.




POLICY

It is Western Asset’s policy to have clearly delineated lines of responsibility and authority as they relate to the Firm’s investment management activities. Procedures and systems will be in place to prevent and detect violations of securities regulations. In addition, the Firm will respond when wrongdoing or possible indications of wrongdoing is brought to its attention.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset’s organization charts outline reporting and supervisory lines for all staff members. Department Heads and Managers are responsible for the oversight of the activities in their respective areas.


Western Asset’s Compliance Manual outlines individual and corporate responsibility for compliance with securities laws as well as the Firm’s fiduciary duty to its clients. Annually, the Firm undergoes an annual SOC1/ISAE3402 review that will test procedures as they relate to established control objec- tives. Throughout the year, the Legal and Compliance Department will also monitor and test for compliance with the Firm’s compliance policies and procedures via the Compliance Monitoring Program conducted pursuant to Rule 206(4)-7 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended and described more fully in the “Compliance Program” policy below.


Department Heads and Managers are responsible for ensuring that the policies and procedures applicable to their departments are being complied with and are obligated to take appropriate action to address any violations of Firm policies or procedures. In addition, all employees are expected to report any actual or potential questionable practices to their supervisor, appropriate staff in the Legal and Compliance Department (such as the Chief Compliance Officer), or another senior officer of the Firm.

Compliance Program



Compliance Program

Background

Rule 206(4)-7 of the Advisers Act, requires registered investment advisers to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably de- signed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act and the rules, adopted thereunder, to review the adequacy and effectiveness of those policies and procedures annually, and to designate a Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) with responsibility for the administration of those policies and procedures.

Rule 204-2 of the Advisers Act, which governs an adviser’s recordkeeping requirements, requires an adviser to maintain copies of all policies and procedures that are in effect or were in effect at any time during the past five years as well as any records documenting the adviser’s annual review. These records may be maintained electronically.



POLICY

Policy and Procedures

The Firm is required to adopt, implement and maintain policies and procedures that are designed to prevent violations from occurring. Firm policies are developed and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department, reviewed by the CCO, subject to consultation with relevant departments, and distributed to personnel as appropriate.


The CCO is empowered to develop, enforce and require any revisions to policies to ensure their adequacy and effectiveness. Such policies (and or changes) will be proposed and implemented with the full knowledge and participation of the departments impacted. Upon completion of any





policy revision, the policies will be re-distributed to the impacted personnel. When revisions to policies impact the operation of an advisory function for investment companies (e.g., mutual funds) for whom the Firm acts as adviser or sub-adviser, such revisions will be provided to the fund board if necessary.


Chief Compliance Officer

Kevin Ehrlich, Manager of Regulatory Affairs is designated as CCO for the Firm and as such is responsible for the implementation and administration of the Firm’s compliance program. Western Asset’s Operations Committee and Management Committees, as committees responsible for daily oversight and management of the Firm, shall receive information relating to the Firm’s regulatory compliance program as appropriate. Such reporting may be made via duly organized sub-committees and/or individual representatives on the committees. In addition, the CCO at his discretion has the ability to escalate matters to the Firm’s senior management.


Compliance Monitoring Program

Western Asset’s Compliance Monitoring Program (“CMP”) is designed to prevent and detect violations of federal securities laws and to recommend corrective actions and policy changes as needed. In this regard, the CMP identifies those compliance factors that create risk exposure for the Firm and its clients and ensures that adequate and effective written policies and procedures exist to address those risks. The CMP and the written policies and procedures will be reviewed no less frequently than annually to ensure their continued accuracy and effectiveness.


The frequency of review for each policy and procedure is determined utilizing a risk-based approach. This approach takes into consideration the fre- quency of the procedure’s application, the potential impact on clients or the Firm if a breach is detected, and the quality of the control environment in which the procedures are performed.


The Regulatory Affairs Group of the Legal and Compliance Department is charged with testing each policy and procedure, in accordance with its scheduled frequency, to evaluate compliance with each policy and whether the policy continues to effectively reduce risk by preventing and detecting violations of the federal securities laws. All testing and results will be documented and maintained by the Regulatory Affairs Group with all findings reported to the CCO on a regular basis.


PROCEDURES

Monitoring

The CCO and the Regulatory Affairs Group is responsible for maintaining and administering the CMP. The components of the CMP include the main- tenance of appropriate compliance policies and procedures (with updates and revisions as may be necessary and prudent), a matrix of compliance topics to be monitored and tested, the methodology for selecting those topics and frequency of testing, conducting the actual testing, escalating and documenting findings as appropriate, and preparing the Firm’s annual review documentation.


Reporting of Findings

Any material findings and recommendations in respect of the results of the CMP shall be reported to the Firm’s Operations Committee or a duly organized sub-committee. Thereafter, it will be the responsibility of the appropriate department managers to address the findings applicable to their departments. The Regulatory Affairs Group will follow-up on the corrective actions taken in conjunction with the ongoing CMP testing. A review of the CMP shall be prepared on an annual basis and reported to the Firm’s Operations Committee. The Firm may also prepare a summary of the review for purposes of client requests regarding the CMP.

Compliance Training


Compliance Training

Western Asset will provide training to employees regarding the Firm’s compliance program upon hiring a new employee and annually. The training will provide an overview of the Firm’s compliance policies and procedures. Training, at the time of hire, will be conducted by a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department in connection with the new hire orientation provided by the Human Resources Department. As part of the initial training, each employee will be provided with a Compliance Manual and must sign an acknowledgement agreeing that they received the manual, have read the policies therein and agree to comply with the policies and procedures. Annual training will be coordinated and administered by the Regulatory Affairs Group of the Legal and Compliance Department. Documentation evidencing participation, such as completed certifications, at- tendance sheets or acknowledgements of participation, will be maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department. Completed human resources paperwork other than required compliance certifications shall be maintained by the Human Resources Department.


From time to time, the Firm conducts supplemental training sessions targeted to specific departments or functions such as refresher sessions provided to the investment management and client service teams. The content is tailored or adjusted as needed.




Establishing New Accounts

Background

Rule204-3 under the Advisers Act commonly referred to as the “brochure rule,” generally requires that an SEC-registered investment adviser deliver to each client or prospective client a Form ADV Part 2A and Part 2B describing the adviser’s business practices, conflicts of interest and background of the investment adviser and its advisory personnel at account inception and on an on going basis.


 

POLICY

BROCHURE RULE

Rule 204-3 under the Advisers Act requires investment advisers to deliver to clients and prospective clients Form ADV Part 2 (2A and 2B) before or at the time the investment adviser commences advisory services to the client.


Delivery Requirements. Western Asset is required to: (i) deliver to a client or prospective client its current Form ADV Part 2A before or at the time it enters into an investment management agreement with the client and (ii) deliver to each prospective client a current Form ADV Part 2B before or at the time that the Portfolio Manager(s) listed therein begins to provide advisory services to the client, and (iii) deliver to clients any updates to the brochure supplement that adds or amends the disciplinary information or any other material changes.


Annual Delivery. Western Asset must deliver (electronically or otherwise) a copy of its current Form ADV Part 2 (2A and 2B) to each client on an annual basis within 120 days after Western Asset’s fiscal year end. The delivery may be included in other correspondence.


Initial Delivery. A copy of Western Asset’s Form ADV Part 2(2A and 2B) will be sent to the client not less than 48 hours prior to starting the relationship with the client.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset asks that all client contracts contain language acknowledging receipt of the Form ADV Part 2 and disclosing that if the client does not receive a copy within 48 hours they may terminate the relationship without penalty within five business days. It should be noted that some clients do not want this language added to their contract.


Initial Delivery

The initial delivery of the Form ADV Part 2 (2A and 2B) is sent with every start-up package along with the names of Portfolio Managers assigned to a client’s account prior to the commencement of investment advisory services. The Firm maintains a system called Business Process Management (BPM) to facilitate start-up logistics. This system tracks whether Form ADV has been sent to a client via a checklist that gets populated post funding.


Ongoing Disclosure Obligations

Any time that Form ADV Part 1 or Part 2 (2A or 2B) are updated, the Regulatory Affairs Group uploads the revised versions(s) to COMPASS (the Firm’s in- tranet) and notifies the Request for Proposal (RFP) team, the Global Account Transitions team (GAT) and the Web Development team of the update and provides a summary of the changes. If there are any material changes to Form CRS, the Regulatory Affairs Group will instruct the Web Development team to replace the document on the US website.


Annual Delivery

Annually, GAT shall ensure that delivery is made to all clients of Western Asset’s current Form ADV Part 2 (2A and 2B). Delivery may be included with other communications to clients or may be provided via electronic means. Clients may request a copy of the current Form ADV 2A and 2B by contact- ing the Client Service Department. The Client Service Department shall maintain evidence of the delivery.


Interim Delivery

Client delivery of an amended document is required if there are material changes made to any part of Form ADVs. Updates are made by the Regulatory Affairs Group on the IARD system which means that s current versions of Form ADV Parts 1, 2A and 3 are available through the SEC’s website.


Delivery to Clients with Delegation to Multiple Offices

Where a client has a contractual delegation agreement with one or more of Western Asset’s global offices, delivery of Form ADV Part 1 shall be made on behalf of each of the designated offices. Form ADV Part 2 (2A and 2B)are both global documents and a single delivery of that document will suffice.


PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES IN ADVISORY CONTRACTS

Background

Section 205 of the Advisers Act prohibits an investment adviser from entering into an investment advisory contract that provides for compensation to the investment adviser on the basis of a share of capital gains upon or capital appreciation of the funds or any portion of the funds of the cli- ent. Under Rule 205-3, however, performance-based fees for qualified clients are permitted provided that certain conditions are met and required disclosures are made.




POLICY

Clients are qualified for performance-based fee accounts if they meet at least one of the following qualifications:


The client must have at least $1,000,000 under management with Western Asset immediately after entering into the contract;


Western Asset must reasonably believe that the client has a net worth of more than $2,000,000 at the time the contract is entered into;





The client is a “qualified purchaser” as defined in section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Notwithstanding the broader defi- nition of “qualified purchaser” in the Investment Company Act of 1940, for purposes of this procedure the term “qualified purchaser” is intended to mean those purchasers who own more than $5,000,000 in investments;


The client is an executive officer or director of Western Asset; (The term “executive officer” means the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Deputy Chief Investment Officer, Department Heads or any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person who performs similar policy-making functions for Western Asset.)


The client is an employee of Western Asset whose duties include portfolio management or other similar investment activities and who has performed such activities on behalf of Western Asset for at least 12 months.


Each client is required to enter into a written advisory agreement with Western Asset. The advisory agreement shall, among other things, identify the particular assets to be managed, specifically describe the services that Western Asset will provide to the client, describe the applicable fees and set forth certain disclosures required by law. The specific terms of each contract are subject to negotiations and terms may differ between client contracts. If Western Asset will be charging advisory fees based on capital gains, capital appreciation or the performance of a client’s account, applicable regula- tions must be followed and disclosures must be made to the client. Western Asset also may not assign an advisory contract to another party without the client’s prior consent.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset’s client base is largely institutional in nature and will meet the qualifications listed above. Many clients that authorize the use of private commingled vehicles execute subscription documents representing that they are qualified purchasers and accredited investors. To ensure that accu- rate records are maintained for performance-based fee clients, the Global Account Transitions team shall confirm that final fee schedules are accurate and ensure that final legal documentation is obtained and retained when a new client relationship is started. Western Asset’s Corporate Finance Department will maintain a list of performance-based fee clients.


REFERRAL ARRANGEMENTS

Background

Western Asset may enter into arrangements to pay individuals or corporations for referring/soliciting new clients. Rule 206(4)-3 under the Advisers Act provides detailed requirements regarding the arrangements and the written agreements. It is Western Asset’s responsibility to not only ensure that all such arrangements are in compliance with the rule, but also to ensure that the continued relationship remains in compliance. Rule 206(4)-3 requires specific arrangements, agreements and review structures, are in place before any prospective clients can be referred and the solicitor paid. Further, Rule 206(4)-5 permits referral payments to be paid to third parties for government entities only if the payments are made to a “regulated person.”

Note: The SEC has adopted revisions to the rules for referral arrangements. The new requirements take effect on November 4, 2022. The policies and procedures described in this manual remain in effect until that date or an earlier date if the Firm chooses to comply beforehand.




POLICY

Under certain circumstances, Western Asset may pay individuals or corporations for referring new clients. Rule 206(4)-3 under the Advisers Act im- poses the following restrictions on the payment of cash referral fees:


A.

No fee may be paid to a person who has been the subject of certain disciplinary actions.

B.

There must be a written contract between Western Asset and the referring party before any prospective client can be solicited.

C.

The referring party must provide each prospective client with a copy of Western Asset’s Brochure and a copy of a special disclosure statement.

D.

Western Asset must receive from the referred client prior to or at the time of entering into any advisory contract, a signed and dated acknowl- edgment of the client’s receipt of the Brochure and the special disclosure document, unless the referring party is affiliated with Western Asset.

E.

Any parties engaged to solicit government entities must be a registered investment adviser, a broker-dealer subject to the pay-to-play rules ad- opted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) or a municipal advisor subject to the rules of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB).


Western Asset must make a bona fide effort to ascertain whether the referring party has complied with the written contract, and have a reasonable basis for believing that the referring party has so complied.


For the avoidance of doubt, parties such as affiliates of Western Asset or employees of Western Asset may introduce prospective clients to Western Asset without being subject to a referral arrangement. Such introductions are not generally subject to compensation arrangements for the payment of referral fees. Western Asset employees may be compensated as part of their duties, but an employee carrying out his or her job functions is not considered to be acting pursuant to a referral agreement and no disclosure statement or written referral agreement is required. Regardless, a Western Asset employee must disclose their affiliation with Western Asset when communicating with a prospect or potential client. If a party affiliated with Western Asset makes an introduction, Western Asset’s preference is that they disclose their affiliation but there is no referral agreement or other en- forcement mechanism to ensure such disclosure. If that affiliated party makes introductions and receives cash compensation from Western Asset for referrals, the arrangement must be memorialized in writing and the affiliated party must disclose their affiliation with Western Asset to prospective clients. However, in such case, compliance is not required with the brochure disclosure, acknowledgement and affirmation provisions of Rule 206(4)-3 and as described in this policy.


PROCEDURES

The Client Service Department shall notify the Legal and Compliance Department prior to engaging an individual or company to solicit/refer business on behalf of Western Asset.


The Legal and Compliance Department and the Client Service Department will perform the following steps to make certain that the appropriate steps and agreements have been completed and documented accordingly.


1.

Ensure that the solicitor has not been involved in any disciplinary actions detailed in Rule 206(4)-3.


2.

Draft an agreement inclusive of all required clauses and disclosures required by Rule 206(4)-3.


3.

Review the Solicitor’s Disclosure Statement to ensure that it contains the following required information:

Name of the solicitor;

The name of the investment adviser;

The nature of the relationship, including any affiliation, between the solicitor and the investment adviser;

A statement that the solicitor will be compensated for his solicitation services by the investment adviser;

The terms of such compensation arrangement, including a description of the compensation paid or to be paid to the solicitor; and

The amount, if any, for the cost of obtaining the account that would be charged to the client in addition to the advisory fee, and the differen- tial, if any, among clients with respect to the amount or level of advisory fees charged by the adviser if the differential was attributed to the solicitation arrangement the adviser made with the broker.


4.

Ensure Legal review of the draft agreement and Solicitor’s Disclosure Statement.


5.

Arrange for the solicitor to receive Western Asset’s Form ADV at the time of the arrangement and additionally, each time the Form ADV is revised so that the solicitor can provide the client with a copy of Western Asset’s Form ADV.


6.

Ensure that the Solicitation Agreement has been signed and received prior to authorizing the solicitor to pursue prospective clients.


7.

Make certain that Western Asset has directly received from the client a signed and dated acknowledgement of receipt of Western Asset’s Form ADV and the solicitor’s written disclosure document.


The Client Service Department will initiate the effort to ascertain whether the solicitor has complied with the solicitation agreement. Western Asset is required to have a reasonable basis for believing that the solicitor has so complied. The Regulatory Affairs Group will review referral arrangements and documentation as part of the CMP. The Firm must maintain a record of the name and business address for each third party to whom Western Asset has agreed to provide payment for soliciting government entities.

 

Recordkeeping Requirements

Background

Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended and Rule 31a-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 require investment advisers to maintain certain books and records. 

 


 


POLICY

Listed below are the documents that Western Asset must retain in accordance with SEC record retention requirements.


DOCUMENTS RELATING TO WESTERN ASSET

A.A journal, including cash receipts and disbursements records, forming the basis of entries in any ledger.


B.

Ledgers for asset, liability, reserve, capital, income and expense accounts.


C.

Checkbooks, bank statements, canceled checks, etc.


D.

All bills or statements, paid or unpaid, relating to the advisory business.


E.

All trial balances, financial statements, internal audit working papers relating to the advisory business.





DOCUMENTS RELATING TO CLIENTS GENERALLY

A.A record of all accounts in which Western Asset is vested with discretionary power.


B.

Powers of attorney or other evidence of the granting of discretionary authority by clients.


C.

All advisory agreements with clients.


D.

Copies of all parts of Western Asset’s Form ADV and a record of the dates that each part including each amendment thereof was given or of- fered to each client.


E.

Copies of all disclosure documents provided in compliance with Rule 206(4)-3 (the client referral rule) and copies of all acknowledgments from clients regarding the receipt of such disclosure documents.


F.

A record of the name and business address for each third party to whom Western Asset has agreed to provide payment for soliciting government entities.



DOCUMENTS RELATING TO SPECIFIC ADVICE AND TRANSACTIONS

A.A memorandum of each order for the purchase or sale of any security for a client account. The memorandum must include any instruction received from the client regarding the purchase, sale, receipt or delivery of a particular security and any modification or cancellation of any such instruction. The memorandum must set forth the terms and conditions of the order, instruction, modification or cancellation, as well as: (i) the identity of the portfolio manager who recommended the transaction to the client; (ii) the identity of the person who placed the order; (iii) the account for which the order was entered; (iv) the date of entry of the order; (v) the bank or broker/dealer by or through whom the transaction was effected; and (vi) a notation of whether discretion was exercised. [Note: If the account is discretionary, discretion will be presumed unless the memorandum indicates to the contrary.]


B. Originals of all correspondence received and copies of all correspondence sent relating to: (i) recommendations or advice given or proposed;

(ii) any receipt, delivery or disbursement of funds or securities; or (iii) the placing or execution of any order to purchase or sell any security.



RECORDS OF EMPLOYEE TRANSACTIONS

Western Asset will maintain a copy of the Firm’s Code of Ethics currently in effect and those in effect at any time five years preceding. Western Asset will also maintain the following documents:


A.A record of any violation of the Code of Ethics and any action taken as a result of the violation;


B. For each person who is currently or has been in the past five years, a supervised person of Western Asset, a record of all written acknowledg- ments employees completed, acknowledging their receipt of the Code of Ethics;


C. A record of the names of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were, access persons of Western Asset;


D. A record of each holdings report made by each access person as required by Rule 204A-1(b) of the Adviser Act and the Firm’s Code of Ethics, including any information provided in lieu of such reports;


E. A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve an access persons request to directly or indirectly acquire ben- eficial ownership in any security in an initial public offering or in a limited offering.


Further record keeping requirements regarding employee securities transactions are outlined in Western Asset’s Code of Ethics.


COMPLIANCE PROGRAM RECORDS

Western Asset will maintain a copy of the Firm’s Compliance Manual, which includes compliance policies and procedures currently in effect and in effect during the preceding five years. Western Asset will also maintain records documenting the Firm’s annual review of the Firm’s policies and procedures.


ADVERTISEMENTS

Western Asset must maintain a copy of each notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin, or other communications that it circulates or distributes to 10 or more persons. If the document recommends the purchase or sale of a specific security and does not state the reasons therefore, a memorandum indicating the reasons for the recommendation must also be maintained.


If the notice, circular, advertisement, etc. includes performance information, Western Asset must maintain working papers and other records neces- sary to demonstrate the calculation of the performance. With respect to the performance of managed accounts, applicable account statements and worksheets necessary to demonstrate Western Asset’s calculations will satisfy this requirement.





PROCEDURES

Procedures for compliance with the books and records retention requirement are generally maintained within each applicable department. Details are provided below..


Document

Responsible Department

Exceptions to Recordkeeping

A copy of the journal entries including copies of cash disburse- ment and cash receipt records that support the entries in the general ledger

Corporate Finance

 

General ledger for asset, liability, reserve, capital, income and expense accounts

Corporate Finance

 

Checkbooks, bank statements, canceled checks

Corporate Finance

 

Billing statements and client invoices

Corporate Finance

 

Trial balances, financial statements, internal audit papers ap- plicable to the Accounting Department

Corporate Finance

 

A list of and documents relating to the advisers accounts where WA has discretionary power including: Powers of attorney or other evidence of discretionary power

Client Service/Global Account Transitions

 

Advisory agreements

Client Service/Global Account Transitions

 

Record date that each Brochure and Brochure Supplement (initial, annual, and amendment) was delivered or offered to each client

Client Service/Global Account Transitions

 

Record date that each Form CRS was delivered to a retail client

GAT

 

Copies of all disclosure documents provided in compliance with Rule 206(4)-3 referral rules and acknowledgements from clients regarding receipt of disclosure documents

Client Service

 

Originals of all correspondence and copies of all correspon- dence sent relating to recommendations, receipt, delivery or disbursement of funds or securities.

Client Service

 

Memorandum of each order for purchase or sale of any security for a client account

Investment Management/Trade Support

Records must be retained for 6 years for any mutual fund client accounts.

Originals of all correspondence sent and copies of all corre- spondence received relating to the placing or execution of any order to purchase or sell any security

Investment Management/Trade Support

 

All accounts, books, internal working papers and records or documents necessary to form the basis for or demonstrate the calculation of the performance or rate of return of any or all managed accounts or securities recommendations

Investment Operations

Maintain for not less than 5 years after end of fiscal year last used or disseminated. Note supporting data for performance must be kept from last date perfor- mance data used. Therefore, all account support data for performance must be kept forever if performance data will be used.

Records showing separately for each client purchases and sales, date, amount & price of each

Investment Operations

 

Information on each current position including name of each client and amount each owns

Investment Operations

 

Advertisements, notices, circulars, investment letters and other communications circulated to 10 or more persons

Client Service

Maintain for not less than 5 years after end of fiscal year last used or disseminated

Articles of Incorporation, charters, minute books, stock certificates

Legal and Compliance/Client Service

Maintain for 3 years after termination of enterprise

Record of every transaction in which advisor or advisory rep has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership

Legal and Compliance

 

Internal audit working papers relating to the adviser’s business

Legal and Compliance

 

Compliance policies and procedures, compliance monitoring program, and annual review materials

Legal and Compliance

 

Records of employee securities transactions, as detailed above, including Code of Ethics, acknowledgements, holdings reports, and approvals for IPO’s and limited offerings.

Legal and Compliance

 


Advertising period runs from the date the document was last used.


Note that electronic records may be used to satisfy record retention requirements provided:


1.

Records accurately reflect information set forth in record.

2.

Records remain accessible for period required under law in form that record can be accurately reproduced.



RETENTION REQUIREMENTS

Western Asset must maintain all of the foregoing documents in an easily accessible place for six (6) years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on the record. In the case of advertisements and circulars, etc., the period begins to run at the end of the fiscal year in which the document is last published or otherwise disseminated. For the first two (2) years of the six (6) year period, the documents must be maintained in Western Asset’s offices. Electronic records retained as such satisfy requirements that “originals” be maintained. For all mutual fund clients, records relating to each order for purchase or sale of any security shall be retained for six (6) years.


To ensure that the Firm adheres to recordkeeping obligations under the Advisers Act, all electronic communications relating to Western Asset business should be conducted only through networks that are hosted or supported by the Firm. Accessing a site through a Western Asset-supported browser does not automatically imply that the site is approved for use to communicate Western Asset business. To the extent that Western Asset utilizes social media sites for advertising and communicating with clients (such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), the same provisions for advertising and recordkeeping apply.


GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION (“GDPR”)

As a global firm, Western Asset’s London office adopted a Data Retention Policy in order to meet the retention schedule obligations for processing a data subject’s information under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). Processing is a very broad concept under the GDPR. Western Asset’s obligation is to ensure that records and data storage are secure and that an individual’s personal information is kept for only as long as neces- sary. GDPR’s intent is to strengthen and unify data protection of all individuals residing in the EU regardless of EU citizenship status. The Data Retention Policy covers additional elements for retention periods focusing on the processing of personal data including collection, use, storage and destruction. Therefore, the Data Retention Policy should be consulted for additional record keeping requirements relating to personal information.

Advertising and Marketing Materials

Advertising and Marketing Materials

Background

Note: The SEC has adopted revisions to the rules for marketing activities. The new requirements take effect on November 4, 2022. The policies and procedures described in this manual remain in effect until that date or an earlier date if the Firm chooses to comply beforehand.





POLICY

“ADVERTISEMENTS” DEFINED

Rule 206(4)-1 under the Advisers Act prohibits certain advertising by investment advisers. The rule defines “Advertisement” as “any notice, circular, letter or other written communication addressed to more than one person, or any notice or other announcement in any publication or by radio or television, which offers (1) any analysis, report, or publication concerning securities, or which is to be used in making any determination as to when to buy or sell any security, or which security to buy or sell, or (2) any graph, chart, formula or other device to be used in making any determination as to when to buy or sell any security, or which security to buy or sell, or (3) any other investment advisory service with regard to securities.” The SEC has specifically declared that the term “Advertisement” includes e-mail and other similar communications.


PROHIBITED ADVERTISEMENTS

In order to comply with Rule 206(4)-1, Western Asset is prohibited from publishing, circulating or distributing any of the following types of advertise- ments:


A. advertisements which refer to any client testimonial of any kind concerning the investment adviser or any advice, analysis, report or other service rendered by the adviser;





B. any advertisement which refers to past specific recommendations of the adviser which were or would have been profitable (this prohibition does not preclude the use of an advertisement that sets out, or offers to furnish, a list of all recommendations made by Western Asset during the preceding one year period if such list contains the detailed information described in Rule 206(4)-1(a)(2));


C. any advertisement which represents that any graph, chart, formula or other device being offered can in and of itself be used to determine which securities to buy or sell, or which represents that such a graph, chart or formula will assist any person in making his own decisions as to which securities to buy or sell, without prominently disclosing the limitations of such graph, chart or formula;


D. any advertisement which contains any statement to the effect that any report, analysis or other service will be furnished free or without charge when that is not the case; or


E. any advertisement which contains any untrue statement of material fact or which is otherwise false or misleading.



COMMINGLED VEHICLES

Investments in Western Asset’s sponsored private placement commingled vehicles are reserved for separate account clients and are not broadly mar- keted to investors. Participants in the pools may, from time to time, receive informational fact sheets regarding the performance and holdings of the pool and/or general economic commentary but such commentary is not considered promotional in nature. Materials regarding such funds may not be distributed to client-prospects prior to compliance with the qualification requirements and process maintained by GAT.


LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE REVIEW

Due to the complexity of the rules governing the creation and use of advertising and marketing materials, Western Asset’s Legal and Compliance Department shall review and approve any such materials prior to their use or dissemination. The Legal and Compliance Department may authorize the use of certain materials without its approval where prudent and appropriate.


SOCIAL MEDIA

To ensure that the Firm adheres to recordkeeping obligations under the Advisers Act, all electronic communications relating to Western Asset business should be conducted only through networks that are hosted or supported by the Firm. Accessing a site through a Western Asset-supported browser does not automatically imply that the site is approved for use to communicate Western Asset business.


To the extent that Western Asset utilizes social media sites for advertising and communicating with clients (such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), the same provisions for advertising and recordkeeping apply.


PROCEDURES

Advertising materials created must be sent to the Regulatory Affairs Group of the Legal and Compliance Department. The Legal and Compliance Department’s review will be conducted promptly. Materials must include applicable disclosures, and if performance data is included, the appropriate composite performance disclosures. Any comments or concerns regarding the material will be communicated directly to its creator in the Publications Department for resolution. After final approval by the Legal and Compliance Department, Publications/Client Service will be notified that the mate- rial is approved for distribution to clients and prospects. Until permission is granted, the material shall not be distributed to anyone outside the Firm.


ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE RESULTS


POLICY

Performance measurement provides internal and external users of the information the opportunity to objectively evaluate the performance returns of the relevant account or investment strategy.


A. Performance Results Generally. Western Asset must be particularly careful when advertising the performance results of either model or actual portfolios under its management. Through various no-action letters, the SEC staff has suggested that violations of Rule 206(4)-1 could be found where the advertisement of performance results, among other things:

i.

fails to disclose the effect of material market or economic conditions on the results portrayed;

ii.

fails to disclose whether and to what extent the results portrayed reflect the reinvestment of dividends or other earnings;

iii.

makes claims about the potential for profit without also disclosing the possibility of loss;

iv.

compares results to an index without disclosing all material facts relevant to the comparison; or

v.

fails to disclose material conditions, objectives or investment strategies used to obtain the results portrayed.


Western Asset does not utilize model portfolios in the construction of composites. If Western Asset desires to show performance of a model portfolio, it can only be shown as supplemental data and clearly labeled as such. Western Asset must disclose the limitations inherent in the use of models, and, if (applicable): the fact that the Firm’s clients had investment results materially different from the results obtained from the model, the fact that the securities contained in or the investment strategies followed with respect to the model portfolio do not relate or only partially relate to the advisory services currently offered by Western Asset, and any change during the period portrayed in the conditions, objectives, or investment strategies em- ployed in running the model portfolio.





B. Deduction of Fees and Other Expenses. Regardless of whether the results portrayed pertain to actual or model portfolios, all performance advertisements must, except in the limited circumstances described below, reflect the deduction of advisory fees, brokerage commissions or other expenses chargeable to the client. The SEC permits a model fee -- equal to the highest fee charged during the performance period to any account employing the investment strategy portrayed -- to be used in advertising composite performance. The SEC has taken the position that this approach is likely to result in the underreporting of an adviser’s performance, therefore, there is little risk of misleading investors. Any quotation of performance data using a “highest fee” model should be accompanied by appropriate disclosure, and documentation reflecting the manner in which the model fee is calculated should be maintained by Western Asset.


C. Gross Performance Numbers in “One-on-One” Presentations. One exception to the requirement that advertised performance reflect the deduction of advisory fees is where an advertisement is used in a “one-on-one” setting with a client or prospective client. In order to qualify for this exception, an advertisement of gross performance results in a one-on-one setting must be accompanied by certain written disclosures. Western Asset must inform the client or prospective client of the fact that the results portrayed do not reflect the deduction of advisory fees, and that the client’s return will be reduced by those fees and by any other expenses chargeable to the account. Reference also must be made to Western Asset’s actual fee schedules set out in Part 2A of Western Asset’s Form ADV. A table, chart, graph or narrative showing the com- pounded effect of an advisory fee on a client’s account over a period of years must also be supplied.


D. “Gross of Fees” and “Net of Fees” Performance Numbers. Western Asset is also permitted to prepare advertisements that display both “gross of fees” and “net of fees” performance if the advertisement presents both performance numbers with equal prominence and in a form that facilitates ease of comparison.


E. GIPS®. Western Asset complies with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). All marketing materials which contain performance data must include the appropriate composite performance disclosure page as well as other applicable disclosures, and be reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department to ensure compliance with these standards.


F. Other Limitations. Other limitations on the use of performance figures might also apply. As a result, all performance related advertising should be presented to the Legal and Compliance Department for review and approval in order to ensure that clients are never misled by Western Asset’s performance advertising.



PROCEDURES

Performance returns are calculated by Western Asset’s Performance Group in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) and with departmental procedures maintained by the Performance Group. These procedures include the methods by which account and benchmark performance returns are calculated and the processes by which accounts are included in composites in conformity with GIPS standards. The Firm en- gages an independent third party on an annual basis to verify its claim of compliance with the GIPS standards. The Legal and Compliance Department reviews the Firm’s GIPS standards process and disclosures on a periodic basis and also includes review of marketing materials in the CMP.

Communications With the Public



Communications With the Public

DEALING WITH THE MEDIA, ANALYSTS AND PRESS RELEASES


POLICY

As a subsidiary of a publicly traded company, interactions with the media must be carefully controlled. To fully comply with regulatory rules governing certain media relations activities, and to effectively maintain the reputation of Western Asset and Franklin Resources in the media, it is important for employees to follow the guidelines set forth below.


Media coverage can play a powerful role in affecting the reputation of Western Asset. Coverage of the company increasingly takes place in a variety of non-traditional outlets such as blogs, chat rooms, message boards and other forms of social media (e.g., YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, and Twitter). Descriptions or accounts of the company that are not properly vetted from a risk-management perspective can have unintended con- sequences.


It is Western Asset’s policy that all media communications shall be routed through and approved by one of the Chief Executive Officer, Director of Global Client Service and Marketing, Chief Investment Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Head of Marketing, and the Director of Portfolio Operations (“Designated Media Approvers”). This includes, but is not limited to, all media contacts on behalf of, or concerning, Western Asset, Franklin Resources or any affiliates as well as messages about products, services, or positions on issues and other such media related situations as defined by the Firm from time to time.


PROCEDURES

Press inquiries and media interviews must be managed and approved by the Designated Media Approvers


Only authorized spokespersons – Designated Media Approvers or those authorized by such persons - are permitted to talk to the media or make post- ings on social media outlets on behalf of the Firm. Employees should not talk to the press (on or off the record), about, or on behalf of, Western Asset or Franklin Resources unless done by or in coordination with a Designated Media Approver. Employees should not arrange or commit to any media interviews, nor support any event intended to generate media coverage without prior approval.

 

All requests for bylined articles must be approved by a Designated Media Approver.


Requests submitted to Western Asset personnel to write bylined articles that deal with the business of Western Asset or Franklin Resources, or draw upon the industry or technical knowledge and expertise of the author in his/her capacity as a Western Asset employee, should be prepared in con- junction with the Publications Department. In addition, Publications shall forward such articles to a Designated Media Approver and the Legal and Compliance department for review. In addition to business objectives, consideration of media statements should take into account potential regula- tory issues (e.g., making public statements regarding private funds, release of non-public information, etc.).


ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS/SOCIAL MEDIA


POLICY

To ensure that the Firm adheres to recordkeeping obligations under the Advisers Act, all electronic communications relating to Western Asset business should be conducted only through networks that are hosted or supported by the Firm. Accessing a site through a Western Asset-supported browser does not automatically imply that the site is approved for use to communicate Western Asset business.


To the extent that Western Asset utilizes social media sites for advertising and communicating with clients (such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), the same provisions for advertising and recordkeeping apply.

 

 

Use of Client Names

Background

The SEC takes a broad interpretation of the prohibitio nagainst testimonials as prohibited by Rule206(4)-1 of the Advisers Act. In the July 30,1993 no-action letter to DIA, the SECsaid it would not object if an investment adviser distributed a partial client list if

      Performance-based criteria was not used to in the selection of clients to include in the list but other objective criteria, e.g.account size, geographic location and client classification were used instead;

      Each client list includes a disclaimer stating that “it is not known whether the listed clients approve of the adviser or the advisory services provided”and

      Each client list includes a statement describing the objective criteria used to select clients included in the list.

Cambiar Investors,Inc.(“Cambiar”)

In an SEC no action letter to Cambiar on August 28,1997 the SEC stated that a partial client list is not a testimonial if it only identifies certain clients of the adviser. The SEC noted that their position is not conditioned on:

      The adviser’s use of nonperformance-related criteria to select clients for the partial client list or the presence of any particular disclosure or disclaimer.

      Who receives the advertisement (consultant or client) or whether the recipient requested the information.

The SEC stated that such factors are irrelevant to determine if the content of an advertisement constitutes a statement of a client’s experience with, or endorsement of, a particular investment adviser.

 

 


POLICY

In order to preserve the confidential nature of Western Asset’s investment advisory relationship with each client, Western Asset must obtain a client’s written permission prior to using the client’s name as a reference, or on a client list, advertisement or other marketing materials.


Western Asset may use a partial list of client names in marketing materials if such list is developed utilizing objective criteria (other than performance results), the objective criteria is disclosed and the list contains a disclaimer stating that it is not known whether the listed clients approve or disapprove of Western Asset or the advisory services rendered.


PROCEDURES

During the account start-up process the Global Account Transitions team requests written permission to disclose the client’s identity on Western Asset’s Representative Client List. This permission is obtained through either the Investment Management Agreement or a separate written authoriza- tion and is documented in the client relationship management tool called CRM Dynamics (“Dynamics”). A client may provide or withdraw permission at any time during the client relationship. The default shall be “no permission granted” unless the Firm has evidence from the client to the contrary. Evidence shall be obtained and retained to document the client’s preference and appropriate steps taken to reflect the client’s preference in Dynamics and add or remove the client from the Representative Client List.





The authorized and approved client names are utilized on the Representative Client List in marketing materials. The criteria utilized in developing client lists will be maintained by the Graphics Department and appropriate disclosures will be included on all such lists. As with any marketing materials, the Representative Client List is subject to the Legal and Compliance Department’s review prior to use.

Trading Practices



Trading Practices

BEST EXECUTION


Background

As a fiduciary, an investment adviser is expected to seek “best execution” in transacting on behalf of client accounts. Section 206 of the Advisers Act establishes a statutory fiduciary duty for investment advisers to act for the benefit of their clients. Enforcement actions brought under Section 206 make clear that an investment adviser’s fiduciary obligation includes fair treatment in the trading process.

The SEC has provided guidance on appropriate factors to consider when determining best execution, including:

The amount of business with each broker-dealer

gross compensation paid to each broker-dealer

competitiveness of commission rates and spreads

consultant statistics on relative quality of execution

commitments of capital by broker-dealers

ability to prospect for and provide liquidity

broker’s ability to execute block trades while avoiding significant market impact

availability to answer calls in volatile markets

utility of the proprietary information provided and access to it

accommodation of third-party soft dollar arrangements and step-outs

IPO allocations

Broker’s expectations of the mix of easy and difficult trades

willingness of broker to work with the adviser

geographical distribution of the broker-dealer offices

electronic trade entry and reporting links with the broker

the value of anonymity, liquidity, price improvement, and lower commission rates on electronic communications networks

opportunity costs; broker-dealer’s back office capacity

number of trading errors

client direction

products and services obtained from the broker-dealer that fall outside the soft dollar safe harbor, are not research, and benefit only the adviser, not the investors

the overall responsiveness of broker-dealers.


Western Asset has an obligation to not only seek best execution on behalf of clients but also must demonstrate that the Firm is evaluating the quality of executions achieved. Fixed income asset classes trade differently than equity and ordinarily involve more factors, so oversight can require a different approach.



POLICY

When trading Western Asset seeks to be thoughtful about all aspects of the trade execution. As a fiduciary, Western Asset is obliged to make trading decisions in the best interests of the client. Best Execution is a fiduciary concept rather than an assessment of the investment judgment of individual investment professionals. The circumstantial and judgmental aspects involved in obtaining best execution with respect to a particular trade are not always quantifiable. It is not feasible to define a single measurement basis for best execution on a trade-by-trade basis. Instead, Western Asset focuses on addressing potential conflicts of interests, aligning incentives and doing reasonable oversight to identify fact patterns that may raise concerns that trades are being made on grounds other than the merits.


While price will almost always be the first priority, other aspects are important and may be considered depending on facts and circumstances of the trade. For example, the Firm considers broker selection to be integrally related to best execution. Other relevant factors may include the impact that quantity may have on execution, counterparty risk, the expertise and ability of brokers to operate in a particular asset class, limitations of legal agreements for instruments like derivatives, and other similar factors. In circumstances where economic factors are relatively similar, other aspects such as the broker’s responsiveness, willingness to commit capital or thought leadership/market color may be considered as distinguishing factors in broker selection. The Firm may also take into account the quality of the broker’s back office and settlement operations. These factors are all important as Western Asset is not obligated to merely get the lowest price or commission, but rather determine whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution for the account. Subject to the duty to seek best execution, some strategies and accounts may emphasize themes of broker selection such as support of diversity dealers.





Broker Selection for Registered Investment Companies

Promotional or sales efforts provided and/or conducted by broker dealers may not be considered, particularly with regard to the selection of broker dealers to effect transactions in mutual fund portfolio securities. In addition, Western Asset will not enter into any agreements or understandings under which it does so or is expected to do so, nor will Western Asset direct a broker to execute trades for mutual fund portfolio securities through another broker dealer in order to compensate for such promotional or sales efforts.


As an additional measure to deter mutual fund brokerage transactions from being based on broker promotional or sales efforts related to a fund:


Portfolio management staff should not seek and shall use best efforts not to accept information relating to the extent to which a broker or dealer has promoted or sold shares issued by a mutual fund.


Likewise, Western Asset employees should not provide the portfolio management staff with fund sales information or attempt to influence any portfolio management staff to utilize a specific broker or dealer to execute fund portfolio securities transactions based on such information.


If broker sales information is communicated to the portfolio management staff, they must not take this information into consideration when selecting a broker to execute a transaction on behalf of a mutual fund as noted in the best execution policy above.



PROCEDURES

The Broker Review Committee (the “BRC”) is responsible for regulatory oversight of issues relating to broker usage, including broker approvals and monitoring, best execution, broker selection, soft dollars and other miscellaneous compliance issues relating to trade execution. With exception to the “Order Execution Policy for Accounts Contracted with our London Office” provided below, these procedures are applicable to the BRC which covers both the Pasadena and New York offices and maintains its own charter governing its membership and operations. The BRC may change its charter and composition as it deems necessary and prudent. Other personnel may participate in meetings by invitation from time to time as well. The BRC meets on a quarterly basis, as well as 1 – 2 additional times during the year in order to conduct an annual review. The BRC reports periodically to the Firm’s Operations Committee or a duly designated sub-committee. While a variety of information may be gathered and considered from time to time, there are two primary report types utilized for this process.


Broker Allocation Reports

Relevant broker allocation reports are generated each quarter and distributed to the BRC.


The BRC reviews these reports with the primary objective of identifying unusual patterns or activity that might suggest trading activities being un- dertaken for reasons other than the merits of the trades. Items may be identified and researched further to demonstrate and document oversight. The specific content of the materials reviewed is subject to input and direction from the BRC and may vary over time as necessary or prudent to accomplish the objectives.


Broker Evaluations

Broker evaluations are conducted annually with input from the Portfolio Managers, Credit Group and Settlements Group. The BRC reviews the in- formation for a number of factors which may include consistency among ratings, broker usage and potential preferential treatment, and types and amount of trades executed by a portfolio manager and/or with a particular broker. Further action or research may be taken based on the BRC’s review of the information. To the extent that an item is identified and rises to the level of concern of a potential violation of the Firm’s Best Execution obliga- tions, the matter will be escalated to relevant Legal and Compliance Department staff.


Order Execution Policy for Accounts Contracted With Western Asset Management Company Limited (the London office):


By contract or delegation, Western Asset acts as a discretionary investment manager for certain EU clients. Accordingly, Western Asset must exercise its professional judgment and take reasonable steps as it seeks best execution in executing trades on behalf of clients. When carrying out investment deci- sions in financial instruments, Western Asset takes reasonable steps to seek best execution taking in account any specific instructions from the client, the nature of the markets, instruments involved, strategy involved, reliability of counterparty, prior experience of the counterparty, and execution capabilities of the counterparty. While Western Asset takes reasonable measures to seek best execution, it cannot guarantee that the absolute best price or best terms will always be obtained on every trade.


Client Specific Instructions – Where a client provides a specific instruction either in relation to an order, any particular aspect or part of the order, including direction to trade on a particular execution venue (i.e. “directed brokerage”), Western Asset will execute the order in accordance with those instructions. Clients are required to provide specific instructions in writing and may be required to further clarify these instructions. Provision of specific instructions may prevent Western Asset from compliance with its Order Execution Policy. In following a client’s instructions, Western Asset is deemed to have taken all sufficient steps to provide the best possible result in respect of the order or aspect of the order. To the extent that a specific instruction is not compre- hensive, Western Asset will determine any non-specified components in accordance with its Order Execution Policy. Western Asset may also undertake execution-only transactions, as agent for some of its clients. In cases where the Firm does not owe a duty of best execution due to specific instructions or other circumstances it will, however, still treat the client fairly and act in the best interests of the client.





Execution Factors – In the absence of specific instructions, the following factors are taken into account by Western Asset and/or its approved counterparty for the purpose of determining best execution:


Price;

Costs;

Speed;

Likelihood of execution or settlement;

Size of trade;

Nature of trade;

Prior Experience, Reliability and creditworthiness of the Counterparty;

Execution Capabilities;

Reputation of Counterparty within the Industry/Sector;

Execution Venue;

Legal agreements or other account paperwork/logistics;

Thought leadership/market color; and

Any other consideration relevant to efficient execution of the order


Price generally merits a high relative importance in obtaining the best possible result. Liquidity in the market also counts as a significant factor. However, under certain circumstances Western Asset may decide that other factors are more important in determining the best possible execution result for the client. Western Asset may also prioritise such other factors where there is insufficient immediately available liquidity on the relevant execution venue(s) to execute the trade in full, where the trade requires handling over a period of time or by reference to a benchmark calculated over a period of time or where we determine that there are other circumstances such that obtaining the best immediately available price may not be the best possible result. For some instruments, price volatility may mean the timeliness of execution is a priority, whereas in other markets which experience low liquidity, the fact of execution may itself constitute best execution. The relative importance of each factor will be determined using the following criteria:


The characteristics and nature of the trade, including specific instructions;

The characteristics of the financial instruments that are the subject of the trade; and

The characteristics of the counterparties and/or execution venues through which trades can be executed.


Execution Venues – In meeting the Firm’s obligation to take all reasonable steps to obtain on a consistent basis the best possible result for the execu- tion of client trades, Western Asset may use one or more of the following venue types when executing an order. Client trades ordinarily (with the exception of futures) are executed with a counterparty (typically a broker or agency broker) using one of the below execution venues:


Regulated Markets;

Electronic trading platforms; or

Third party brokers, counterparties, or investment firms making markets or otherwise providing liquidity.


For some financial instruments, there may be only one possible execution venue. Western Asset takes the view that the counterparty has provided the best possible result in respect of venue for these types of financial instruments. There may also be circumstances where a trade could be executed via multiple venues, brokers or counterparties, and seeking best execution requires judgment regarding the selection. Western Asset will exercise reason- able diligence but cannot guarantee that there might not be better price or terms available somewhere else in the market.


For many asset classes, brokers and counterparties affirmatively contact Western Asset through various means to offer instruments. Fixed income instruments primarily trade via direct communication with such parties on a principal basis rather than traded on an agency basis through a central market or exchange. In such cases, Western Asset will evaluate the facts and circumstances and may decide to accept the offer to buy or sell based on its judgment regarding what is best for the client(s) involved without surveying other brokers or execution venues.


New issues are also a common means by which Western Asset purchases instruments for clients. In such cases, the terms and the involvement of the counterparty/underwriter is critical and the instruments are not available elsewhere. Western Asset may also not be able to obtain as much quantity as it desires in new issues. Western Asset will evaluate the facts and circumstances and make trading decisions for new issues in the best interests of its clients.


Different asset classes can involve consideration of different factors and factors can be weighted differently. Given the variety of factors, facts and circumstances, and variation from trade to trade, a mechanical application is not feasible or prudent. Western Asset’s investment professionals will make their own assessments and judgments with the best interests of the clients in mind.


Government Bonds: For government bond trading (including TIPS/Linkers and developed country sovereign debt), the above mentioned execution factors are taken into account when choosing the appropriate execution venue. For smaller, “market-size” trades in liquid markets and conditions, trades are often executed using an electronic trading platform. When trading larger sizes, less liquid markets or during less liquid market conditions, Western Asset may trade via voice, and with fewer/only one counterparty to seek best execution. US Government bonds may also be obtained by participating in auctions that are held from time to time. Government bonds may also be used in conjunction with other trades to maintain liquidity levels or risk positions, so timing of trades may be dependent on other trading activity executed in client accounts.





Exchange Traded Derivatives (ETD): For ETD, the above mentioned execution factors are taken into account when choosing the execution broker. ETD are conducted on an agency/riskless principal basis which means the price received is the price executed on the Exchange (plus commissions and fees). Consideration is given to the size of the trade against market conditions at the time, liquidity, and trade intention. Western Asset may also consider service provided in terms of market color or trade ideas. Some instruments also require arrangements to be in place to authorize particular brokers which may limit the availability of some brokers. Commissions are generally fixed and do not vary between brokers.


Investment Grade (IG) Credit: For IG credit the above mentioned execution factors are taken into account when choosing the relevant execution venue. For smaller trade sizes, trades are often executed using an electronic trading platform. For larger trade sizes, Western Asset will assess the current liquidity of the market, trade objectives, relevant company-specific news or analysis, and recent market activity before choosing a suitable venue. These trades are often executed as a voice trade directly with a counterparty. In some cases, Western Asset may engage one counterparty in a voice trade so as not to move the market against them. For trades where working an order is necessary due to liquidity conditions or volatility around the name, Western Asset may also engage with a single counterparty per trade in order to seek the best result. IG credit may also be obtained by participating in new issues and consider offers to purchase or sell made by brokers/counterparties.


High Yield (HY) Credit: For HY credit the above mentioned execution factors for IG credit are taken into account when choosing the relevant execu- tion venue. HY credit may have smaller issue sizes, less liquidity, and fewer counterparties who are active in trading the relevant instruments. These aspects may impact the weighting of the factors as Western Asset makes judgments with respect to trades in client accounts. HY credit trades may also involve more direct negotiation with brokers/counterparties and issuers, particularly in cases of restructurings or refinancings which will limit the options of execution venues.


Emerging Market (EM): For EM sovereign and corporate bonds, the above mentioned execution factors for IG and HY credit are taken into account when choosing the relevant execution venue. EM bonds may have may have smaller issue sizes, less liquidity, and fewer counterparties who are active in trading the relevant instruments. They may also involve foreign currency implications, custodial requirements and similar operational requirements. These aspects may impact the weighting of the factors as Western Asset makes judgments with respect to trades in client accounts.


Structured Product (SP): For SP bonds, the above mentioned execution factors for IG and HY credit are taken into account when choosing the relevant execution venue. SP bonds may be less frequently available on electronic platforms. SP bonds may have may have smaller issue sizes, less liquidity, and fewer counterparties who are active in trading the relevant instruments. Agency mortgages typically involve larger issue sizes and greater liquidity. Non-Agency Residential Mortgage Backed securities, Commercial Mortgage Backed securities, Asset Backed bonds and whole loans can vary widely in terms of issue size, new issue activity, available brokers/counterparties, and operational requirements. These aspects may impact the weighting of the factors as Western Asset makes judgments with respect to trades in client accounts.


Credit Default Swap (CDS): Most CDS trades must be traded on a SEF. Only in circumstances involving large sizes or non-SEF eligible CDS instruments will Western Asset trade off a SEF via voice. As such, Western Asset will typically execute CDS trades on one of Western Asset authorised SEF trading platforms.


Foreign Exchange (FX): For FX trades the above mentioned execution factors are taken into account when choosing the relevant execution venue. For smaller trades, Western Asset will typically utilized an electronic trading venue. For larger trades, Western Asset may execute via voice. FX trading can also involve operational requirements that must be taken into account.


FX & CDS Options: There is currently no electronic trading venue for FX and CDS option trades, so all such trades are executed via voice.


ALLOCATION OF SECURITIES AMONG CLIENTS

Background

Section 17(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 provides that the Commission may adopt rules restricting participation by registered invest- ment companies in joint transactions with affiliated persons for the purpose of preventing or limiting participation by such a company on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of any other participant.

Section 206 imposes a fiduciary duty on an investment adviser to act in the utmost good faith with respect to its clients and to provide full and fair disclosure of all material facts.

The SMC Capital No-Action letter made the case that it is generally true in the execution of orders in the marketplace, that generally, larger orders may be executed at lower commission costs on a per-share and per-dollar basis than smaller orders.

SMC Capital and Pretzel & Stouffer SEC no action letters provide guidance that an investment adviser is permitted to aggregate trade orders (bunch orders) provided the execution is consistent with its fiduciary duties and trades are allocated on an equitable basis with respect to both its affiliated investment companies and non-investment company clients. In order to comply with Section 206, the SMC Capital No-Action Letter, in relation to aggregating trade orders recommends the following to occur:

The practice of aggregating orders should be fully disclosed

No advisory client will be favored over any other client

Ensure that clients who participate in an aggregated order will participate at the average share price with all transaction costs shared on a pro rata basis









POLICY

In order to minimize execution costs and obtain best execution for clients, Western Asset may frequently bunch orders for its client accounts. The allocation of investment opportunities shall be made in a fair and equitable manner among the Firm’s clients. Allocations should start with the presumption that similarly situated clients should participate in all investment opportunities and trades in proportion to the size of their account. Adjustments may be made to accommodate individual client factors such as: unique investment goals and guidelines, available cash, liquidity requirements, odd lot positions, minimum allocations, existing portfolio holdings compared to the target weightings and regulatory restrictions. Allocations are then weighted by portfolio market value keeping final allocations in round lots and tradable lot sizes.


Investment decisions must never be based upon an objective to allocate lucrative or profitable trades to particular accounts to make up for past account performance or to benefit the Firm through a higher fee structure in such accounts.


If the bunched order is partially filled, each client participating in the transaction will receive a pro-rated portion of the securities based upon the cli- ent’s level of participation in the bunched order. The allocation should be constructed using the same principles as if the order was fully filled.


Western Asset must complete the allocation of securities among participating clients no later than the end of the day on which the transaction is completed. Prior to the settlement of a trade, allocations may be revised provided the allocation is suitable, fair and equitable. Documentation of the suitability of the allocation should be maintained and reviewed by senior management. Handling of reallocations is subject to compliance with Western Asset’s “Trade Reallocation Policy.”


In order to ensure that no client is favored over any other, each client participating in an aggregated order must receive the average share price for the transaction, and each client will share transaction costs on a pro-rata basis based upon the client’s level of participation in the aggregate order.


All accounts are periodically reviewed to identify situations where a potential conflict of interest may exist. This may include accounts where Western Asset has a proprietary interest or accounts where the investment strategy may conflict with other Western Asset clients. Specific trade allocation procedures have been designed to avoid the conflicts inherent in these situations.


As Western Asset does not invest in equities, separate provisions are not required for initial public offerings. However, if such a case were to arise, similarly situated clients should be treated similarly for purposes of participation in such newly issued securities consistent with the principles outlined in this policy.


Western Asset does not serve as a sub-administrator for omnibus accounts. Accordingly, the Firm will not be involved in allocating securities among various accounts within a client omnibus account. For purposes of trade allocation, the Firm’s client is the aggregate omnibus account.


PROCEDURES

The Investment Management Department is responsible for ensuring that trades are allocated to participating clients no later than the end of the day on which transaction is completed. Trades shall be allocated in a manner consistent with fiduciary duties providing that all accounts participating are treated fairly and equitably, meaning clients receive the best execution under the circumstances and that no client is intentionally favored over another.


The Investment Management Department is responsible for ensuring that all clients participating in aggregated orders receive the average price for the transaction. They are also responsible for ensuring that each client shares transaction costs on a pro-rata basis based upon the client’s level of participating in the aggregate order.


Once a trade is allocated and all pre-trade compliance checks have been performed, the Trade Support Group of the Investment Management Department post trades to the Advanced Trading Platform (“ATP”). Posting to ATP automatically populates positions into the Global Data Repository.


The Investment Operations Support Department is responsible for confirming trade details and providing the allocation to the executing broker. Once trades have been posted to ATP, the Investment Operations Department begins the confirmation process with brokers. Once posted trades have been confirmed, the Investment Operations Department ensures trades are then messaged to Invest One via the Advanced Trade Settlement System.


The Regulatory Affairs Group of the Legal and Compliance Department is responsible for monitoring the Firm’s trading activities to ensure adherence to this policy. The review is part of the Firm’s overall compliance program and is designed to provide reasonable assurance of fair allocation by analyzing data at the account and trade level. Monitoring includes reviews of trades within composites to determine whether there is a pattern of particular accounts being included or excluded from allocations. This review may be on a sample basis and shall also ensure that accounts at higher risk of a conflict of interest (such as accounts with higher or performance-based fee structures, Alternative Investment Accounts or Proprietary Accounts) are included in the reviews. The review may also focus on particular security types or assets classes that could be at higher risk for impermissible allocation deviations. The results of the reviews are documented and any issues noted will be researched and reported to the CCO.


ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS


POLICY

In managing alternative investment and long-only accounts, Western Asset must assure that all accounts are treated fairly in connection with the al- location of investment opportunities and related trading decisions. The Firm has established policies and procedures that govern investment decision making and trade allocation process for alternative investment accounts. The policies and procedures are designed to meet the fiduciary duties owed to clients, to avoid conflicts of interest, and to meet applicable requirements under the Advisers Act.


While alternative investment (AI) and long-only (LO) accounts share a common investment philosophy, they may be subject to different investment objectives and may follow different investment strategies. There may also be circumstances where AI and LO accounts share the same strategy and are traded together. In general, AI Accounts have greater investment flexibility than LO Accounts. For example, unlike LO Accounts:


AI Accounts are seldom managed to a benchmark;


AI Accounts focus on short-term investment horizons and may engage in more frequent and opportunistic trading to take advantage of market inefficiencies;


AI Accounts may short securities and pursue market neutral, relative value strategies (i.e., strategies that use long and short positions in combi- nation with one another) to seek sources of return that are not correlated with broad market fluctuations; and


AI Accounts may leverage their portfolios using various financial instruments to increase the potential return of an investment.


Because of these considerations, trading decisions for AI and LO accounts may not be identical even though the same portfolio manager may manage both AI and LO accounts. Whether a particular investment opportunity is allocated to only AI accounts or to AI and LO Accounts will depend on the investment strategy being implemented. There may be circumstances where an investment opportunity is appropriate for both AI and LO accounts and the investment team must allocate on grounds that are consistent with the Firm’s fiduciary duty to both.


Monitoring procedures have been established to ensure that the Firm meets its fiduciary obligations to AI and LO Accounts, and that any deviation from the policies and procedures are identified and addressed in a timely manner.


PROPRIETARY ACCOUNTS


POLICY

Western Asset presumptively considers Proprietary Accounts to be those accounts where 25% of net assets are owned by Western Asset employees, officers or affiliate. The Legal and Compliance Department monitors the trading activity of proprietary accounts to ensure that the trading in a propri- etary portfolio has not disadvantaged clients of Western Asset or otherwise violates applicable law or policy.


PROCEDURES

The Regulatory Affairs Group in the Legal and Compliance Department regularly identifies and reviews all accounts in which Western Asset has more than 25% interests based on the market values of the accounts. Such accounts are identified based on information obtained from the Corporate Finance Group. Designation as a Proprietary Account may be overcome based on facts and circumstances such as those articulated by SEC Staff in applicable no-action letters (such as Gardner Russo & Gardner, June 7, 2006). The Legal and Compliance Department then reviews the trading activity for issues such as allocation, front running, and trade price to ensure that all participants in the trades reviewed were treated fairly and equitably. The reviews focus on comparing proprietary accounts activities to other accounts with similar mandates. Such reviews are documented with noted issues escalated as necessary. Identifying Proprietary Accounts is also applicable for cross trades that might involve such accounts and other client accounts.


MODEL DELIVERY AND TRADE ROTATION


POLICY

Western Asset communicates investment instructions in accordance with a process that is fair and equitable to model delivery client accounts in relation to other clients of Western Asset. Model delivery investment programs can raise trade communication conflicts issues if the client/Sponsor Firm, and not Western Asset, handles all or a portion of the trading for program accounts. To achieve fair and equitable treatment across client accounts, Western Asset considers not only the manner in which it allocates trades to accounts but also the sequence in which it delivers trade orders to the market for execu- tion and any corresponding investment instructions to third parties that handle trading for model delivery accounts. The delivery of certain orders and instructions to a large number of market intermediaries and client/Sponsor Firms at the same time could adversely impact the market price of a security, especially for less liquid instruments.


Western Asset considers the facts and circumstances of instruments, strategies, change frequency, and potential adverse impacts in determining how best to address. If Western Asset does not reasonably believe that there are adverse impacts and that mitigation measures would not be in the best interests of the clients involved, Western Asset will not employ rotation or otherwise take such factors into account as it handles trading and com- munication logistics. However, as a potential alternative to Western Asset’s standard practice of communicating trade orders and any corresponding investment instructions at approximately the same time, Western Asset may employ a program of trade rotation among model delivery clients/ Sponsor Firms with trade placement responsibility to prevent any single program’s client accounts from consistently being able to trade first or last within the rotation. Western Asset’s use of such a rotation approach normally will be on an asset weighting basis with investment programs with more managed assets having a pro rata larger weighting in the rotation. As a result, clients in smaller programs may not receive overall as good execution as clients in larger programs.





PROCEDURES

SMASh (Accounts that are part of Western Asset’s separately managed account shares program (SMASh) program through Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group) account investments will normally be allocated among programs at the same time or on a rotational basis. Personnel responsible for SMASh investment management (“SMASh Group”) will maintain a rotation list/spreadsheet (the “Rotation List”) whereby traders may verify the last group of accounts traded in the rotation. The trade rotation will begin with the first name on the Rotation List (without regard to whether such name is a participant in the trade) and will proceed in a circular order with the other names on the Rotation List.


The Rotation List shall be asset weighted based upon assets under management by broker; although, when a sponsor/broker is removed or added to the rotation, smaller sponsors/brokers aggregated with other sponsors will be moved up within the rotation to ensure that sponsors/brokers with lower AUM levels are not disadvantaged based upon their size.


In the unlikely event that a transaction is being executed for the SMASh program on the same day that the same transaction is being executed for non-SMASh accounts, the rotation order shall be followed and SMASh and non-SMA account trades shall be executed together. Recommendation of step-outs where deemed necessary, will be conducted at Western Asset’s discretion.


Trading by underlying SMASh mutual funds is not subject to the rotational program but to standard Western Asset allocation policies.


The same approach shall be used for non-SMASh model delivery business if Western Asset deems necessary and prudent to address the objectives of the policy. The specific facts and circumstances will inform the Firm’s approach.


TRADE REALLOCATIONS

Background

Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) requires investment advisers to maintain accurate records of all trading activity. In the event that an original trade ticket does not accurately reflect the final details of a transaction, documentation must exist to reflect the correction.

Section 206 of the Advisers Act prohibits investment advisers from engaging in any act, practice or course of business which is fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative. If trade allocations (i.e. accounts participating in a trade or the amounts purchased for individual accounts) are revised after initial allocations, an investment adviser must be able to support that these revisions were not fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative. Documentation is necessary to show that each account was treated fairly and that the trades were suitable for the reallocated accounts.

Western Asset maintains a policy that permits reallocations, but also requires documentation in the electronic trade ticket to describe the reason for the change and an explanation why the reallocation is suitable. However, the passage of time raises the burden of proving that an adjustment was suitable, fair and equitable because Western Asset has more information about the market and the individual security than it did when the trade allocation was initially posted.

Accordingly, reallocations are only permitted when there are legitimate investment reasons for the changes and associated documentation is retained. As time passes, the burden is higher to show that a reallocation was fair and appropriate. Adjustments should only be made to accounts that participated in the trade or were intended to participate in the trade.




POLICY

Prior to settlement of a trade, allocations may be revised providing the new allocation is suitable, fair and equitable. Documentation of the suitability of the allocation will be maintained.


PROCEDURES

Any proposed allocation change to a posted trade ticket must be submitted for approval to the Legal and Compliance Department prior to making the change. If approved, the change will be explained in the comment field within the revised trade ticket. The relevant investment professional is responsible for obtaining approvals. Trade Operations staff will assist by gathering the necessary data and entering the revision into the electronic trade ticket. The documented explanation must be clear, specific to the changes made, and include the name of the trader or analyst directing the change and the compliance officer providing approval. If the trade revision results in a reallocation of amounts or accounts participating in the trade, the following information must be included:


The reason an account(s) was removed from the trade and/or the amount of the original allocation being modified.


An explanation obtained from appropriate Investment Management Staff for why the reallocation is suitable for each account that was not included in the original allocation and for any account whose participation level was changed.


Trade Operations will ensure that the Investment Management Staff responsible for the trade approves the final trade ticket to ensure that they agree with the reallocation language documented on the ticket. The Trade Operations Group will maintain a record of such approvals if not otherwise docu- mented and retained as part of the trade ticket notes.





Guidance for Reallocation Approvals: Reallocations are permitted only for appropriate corrective reasons (such as a compliance or trade error issue) and with appropriate documentation.


For reallocations of purchases, the price of the security must be flat or have gone up since the original trade.


»  If the price has gone down, a client being allocated additional quantity would do better by going out in the market rather than being al- located more from the initial trade.


For reallocations of sells, the price of the security must be flat or have gone down since the original trade.


»  If the price has gone up, a client being allocated additional quantity would do better by going out in the market than being allocated more from the initial trade.


Analysis of reallocation approval requests should reflect the policy objectives of being fair to the clients and accounts involved. A rule of reason ap- proach is sufficient in determining whether the reallocation is in the best interests of the clients and accounts impacted rather than a granular analysis of price discovery or movement or available quantity in the market.


In addition, approvals from the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer are required in order for a re-allocation to add accounts not in the original allocation.


Reallocations Beyond T+1: Reallocations done beyond T+1 and before settlement are permitted only with approval from the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer (or parties they designate in their absence), but approvals are expected to be rare.


Escalation - For proposed reallocations that add accounts that were not in the original allocation or for proposed allocations beyond T+1, ad- ditional approval is required as described above. Relevant Investment Management Staff must initiate a request via e-mail to include the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer, and Western Asset Trading Operations. If approved, the newly revised allocation must be processed through the Firm’s trading workflow and the rationale documented into the comment field on the ATP trade ticket.


NY SMA Trading – Due to the differing structural and operational requirements of SMA trading, reallocations of those trades within SMA accounts are subject to practices which may vary from these.


INFORMATION BARRIERS

Background

The SEC requires reports to be filed by persons who “beneficially own” more than 5% of any equity security of a class that is registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Generally, ownership must be attributed to parent companies and aggregated among entities under common control for reporting purposes.

In January 1998, the SEC provided guidance on when beneficial ownership need not be attributed to parent companies nor aggregated among entities under common control for purposes of complying with the SEC’s ownership reporting requirements. The SEC stated that attribution of beneficial ownership to a parent company and aggregation of beneficial ownership among commonly controlled entities may not be required in circumstances where the organizational structure of the parent and related entities are such that the voting and investment powers over the subject securities are exercised independently.



POLICY

Western Asset independently and exclusively maintains and exercises authority to vote, acquire, and dispose of securities for its discretionary invest- ment management clients, unless otherwise required by rule, regulation, or law. In exercising this authority, the Firm may not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors, or employees of Franklin Resources (Franklin Resources includes Franklin Resources, Inc. and organizations operat- ing as Franklin Resources)”) or any of its affiliates (collectively, “Affiliates”), regarding the voting, acquisition, or disposition of any securities owned by its investment management clients. No Western Asset employees may communicate Western Asset’s investment or voting intent with respect to securi- ties held in client accounts to other Franklin Resources affiliated advisers. Western Asset employees shall not disclose its non-public client holdings or proxy votes with employees of other advisers, nor shall such employees request such information from other FranklinResources affiliated advisers.


All of Western Asset’s offices share investment personnel and for purposes of this policy are treated as one entity.


Under ordinary circumstances, the Firm’s portfolio managers: (a) have exclusive authority to make voting and investment decisions with respect to securities held by the Firm’s investment management clients; (b) make all voting and investment decisions without the participation of officers, direc- tors, or employees of Affiliates; and (c) do not attempt to influence voting or investment decisions made with respect to securities held by clients of Affiliates. The Firm’s General Counsel must approve all exceptions to this policy. The Firm will maintain records of each exception.


The information barriers are not intended to prevent the free flow of information that could be classified as investment research or investment recom- mendations, nor are they intended to prevent the Firm from discussing its investment philosophy or its analysis of securities with officers, employees, or Investment Personnel of Affiliates.





PROCEDURES

Establishment of Information Barriers

The Firm will maintain the following information barriers:


The Firm will not permit Investment Personnel of an Affiliate to serve as members of the Firm’s investment committee, nor will it permit any of its Investment Personnel to serve as a member of an investment committee established by an Affiliate.


The Firm’s traders will not coordinate orders for the Firm’s clients with trades for clients of Affiliates.


The Firm will provide a copy of these policies and procedures to all of its traders and Investment Personnel via the Compliance Manual at time of hire and annually.


Permitted Sharing of Information

The Firm may also, at any time, provide client holdings reports and reports describing the Firm’s proxy voting record to management and administra- tive personnel employed by Affiliates; provided such persons are not involved with voting or investment decisions and the Firm’s General Counsel has approved the delivery of such information, including the specific recipients. General Counsel’s approval is not required for any information provided to Franklin Resource’s Resources Legal and Compliance Department. In addition, the Firm may disclose holdings reports and proxy voting records to the extent public disclosure of such information is required by rule, regulation, or law.


Administration and Assessment of Information Barriers

The Firm’s Legal and Compliance Department will administer the maintenance of the information barriers and will maintain all records necessary to establish that the Firm remains in compliance with its policies and procedures.


Any questions regarding the application of these policies and procedures should be addressed to the Legal and Compliance Department.


AFFILIATED AND PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS

Background

Principal transactions and trading with affiliates fall under very restrictive trading limitations or prohibitions outlined by the SEC. Section 206 of the Advisers Act prohibits an adviser from knowingly selling to or purchasing from an affiliate any security for a client when the affiliate is acting in a principal capacity unless the adviser has provided disclosures and received consent from the client. Sections 17 and 10f of the Investment Company Act impose restrictions on trading with an affiliate (acting as principal) for mutual funds. In addition to the trading restrictions outlined in the regula- tions, many Western Asset clients prohibit the firm from trading with affiliates in their portfolios.




POLICY

A principal transaction is a transaction in which the selling party sells a security from its inventory of owned securities or the buying party buys the security for its inventory of owned securities. Western Asset’s policy is not to trade client assets with the Firm’s parent company or affiliated companies. In addition, Western Asset, working with third party sponsors of registered investment companies it advises, seeks to identify affiliates of fund spon- sors in order to ensure these funds do not trade with affiliated entities in violation of Section 17.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset will adhere to the relevant Funds procedures when participating in a new issue where an affiliate to the Fund is involved in the offering. The Firm will also comply with the conditions of the exemptions in Rule 10f-3 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.


The Portfolio Compliance Group of the Legal and Compliance Department will ensure that trades for the underlying security are not made with an affiliated broker by comparing relevant affiliated party lists as provided by the client. Blocks will be established for affiliated brokers for mutual fund clients to ensure that trades are not executed with those brokers. Pre or post-trade reviews of new issues will be conducted for mutual fund client accounts to ensure that individual fund client policies are followed and that reporting can be done as required by clients. The Portfolio Compliance Group will maintain and preserve for a period not less than six years from the end of the fiscal year in which any transactions occurred, the first two years in an easily accessible place, a written record of each transaction, setting forth from whom the securities were acquired, the identity of the underwriting syndicate’s members, the terms of the transaction, and the information or materials upon which the determination was made that the Rule 10f-3 exemption applied.





CROSS TRANSACTIONS

Background

AGENCY CROSS TRANSACTIONS

Rule 206(3)-2 defines “agency cross transaction” to mean a transaction in which one person or another person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the first person acts as a broker for both parties to the transaction when the person also acts as investment adviser to one of the parties.

INTERNAL CROSS TRANSACTIONS

Advisory Accounts

In Release No. IA-1732, the SEC clarified that if an adviser receives no compensation (other than its advisory fee), directly or indirectly, for effecting a cross transaction, the adviser would not be “acting as a broker” within the meaning of Section 206(3). Therefore, a transaction effected between two advisory clients of an adviser, or between an account managed by the adviser and an account managed by an affiliate of the adviser, in which no adviser or other related party receives any compensation as described above (an “internal cross transaction”) is not subject to Section 206(3) or Rule 206(3)-2. However, the SEC staff takes the position that Sections 206(1) and 206(2) impose on investment advisers an affirmative duty to their clients of good faith, full and fair disclosure of all material facts and an obligation to employ reasonable care to avoid misleading their clients. The SEC staff has also stated that an adviser’s fiduciary obligation includes the duty to ensure that any internal cross transactions achieve best price and execution and that no client is disfavored by the internal cross transactions.

ERISA Accounts

Department of Labor regulations governing retirement accounts prohibit internal cross transactions except in very limited circumstances for passive indexed portfolios. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 provides a statutory exemption for internal cross transactions involving retirement accounts provided extensive requirements are met.

Investment Company Accounts

Section 17(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) prohibits internal cross transactions between a registered investment com- pany and a client advised by the registered investment company’s adviser, or by an affiliate of the adviser. Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act provides an exemption for such internal cross transactions involving registered investment companies provided certain guidelines are met which are described in more detail herein. Rule 17a-7 applies whether investment companies are on either sides or only one side of the internal cross transaction.




POLICY

Agency Cross Transactions

Western Asset will not engage in agency cross transactions (i.e., transactions in which Western Asset earns a fee other than its advisory fee).


Internal Cross Transactions

No internal cross trades are permitted unless specifically approved by Western Asset’s Legal and Compliance Department in advance. Likewise, no pre-arranged trades (i.e., promises to repurchase a security from a broker after a sale to the same broker) are permitted unless specifically evaluated and approved by the Legal and Compliance Department for cross trade considerations. In addition to specific regulatory requirements (such as Rule 17a-7 for mutual funds and Department of Labor requirements for ERISA accounts), the Legal and Compliance Department shall consider the following factors when determining if approval is appropriate:


The transaction is in the best interest of and will be appropriate for both clients as an investment matter. (For example, the client should receive a better (or similar) price and execution compared to an open market transaction);


The transaction shall be consistent with Western Asset’s best execution obligation, and;


The transaction will be effected at a price determined by an independent and/or objective pricing mechanism All cross-trade transactions must comply with the Firm’s Best Execution policy.

Retirement Accounts. Western Asset will not engage in internal cross transactions involving one or more retirement accounts (e.g., accounts subject to ERISA).


Registered Investment Companies. Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act provides an exemption for securities transactions between a registered invest- ment company and accounts that are affiliated for no reason other than the fact of having the same officers, directors and/or investment adviser, or affiliated investment advisers, provided that certain requirements are met. (It is not necessary that both participating accounts be registered invest- ment companies.) Western Asset will not engage in internal cross transactions involving registered investment companies unless those requirements (as interpreted or modified by applicable SEC staff guidance) are met, which are as follows:


The transaction is a purchase or sale, for no consideration other than cash payment against prompt delivery of a security for which market quotations are readily available;


The transaction is effected at the independent current market price of the security (as defined in Rule 17a-7(b) of the 1940 Act);





The transaction is consistent with the policy of each registered investment company and separate series of a registered investment company participating in the transaction, as recited in its registration statement and reports filed under the 1940 Act;


No brokerage commission, fee (except for customary transfer fees), or other remuneration is paid in connection with the transaction; and


The transaction is consistent with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 by the board of directors of the investment company.


Other Advisory Accounts. In accordance with the positions of the SEC staff, Western Asset may effect internal cross transactions between advisory clients without making the disclosures or obtaining the consent required by Section 206(3), if Western Asset receives no compensation, either directly, or indirectly through an affiliate, other than Western Asset’s advisory fee. However, in executing internal cross transactions, it is Western Asset’s policy that:


Full disclosure of all material facts should be made in Western Asset’s Form ADV; and


Western Asset should ensure that any cross transactions achieve “best execution” for any clients involved and that no client is disfavored by the cross transactions.



PROCEDURES

Western Asset will not participate in agency cross transactions where the Firm, or an affiliate, receives compensation for the transaction (beyond advisory fees). Therefore, unless these circumstances change, the Firm will not request prior client consent for agency cross transactions nor provide disclosures outlined in Rule 206(3)-2. Any agency cross transactions must be approved in advance by the Legal and Compliance Department.


ERISA Accounts

Due to Department of Labor regulations that limit cross transactions for ERISA accounts to circumstances that generally do not apply to Western Asset and due to the extensive requirements that must be met under the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the Firm’s ERISA accounts may not participate in internal cross transactions. This means that an ERISA account can be on neither the buy or sell side of the transaction. In addition, Western Asset invest- ment vehicles that are not registered investment companies (e.g. Delaware LLC and Cayman Ltd private funds and offshore funds) will be deemed to be ERISA accounts if 25% or more of their assets come from ERISA plans.


Registered Investment Companies

Internal cross transactions involving registered investment companies must comply with Rule 17a-7 as well as the procedures of the specific invest- ment company, which may vary by investment company. The Legal and Compliance Department will maintain Rule 17a-7 procedures for each regis- tered investment company for reference in engaging in cross transactions. The proposed transactions will be reviewed against each fund’s procedures and the relevant fund prospectus prior to execution, by compliance, to ensure appropriate procedures are followed. All 17a-7 transactions must be reported to the registered investment company for quarterly reporting to their board of directors.


Record Keeping

Western Asset shall disclose its cross transaction policy in the Firm’s Form ADV. Records shall be kept evidencing the approval process described above.


Security Repurchase

From time to time, Western Asset may need to sell securities from one or more client accounts for cash flow, termination or other reasons unrelated to the investment merits of the security. Western Asset may desire to purchase the security required to be sold in other accounts. However, regulations governing cross trades and/or client directions may prohibit Western Asset from ‘crossing’ the security directly from one account to another if the repurchase is being carried out by the same broker. In order to permit Western Asset to sell and then repurchase the same security in conformity with applicable regulation and to avoid prohibited cross trades, the following procedures shall apply:


If Western Asset desires to repurchase a security it is selling, it must obtain bids from at least three dealers without indicating that it wishes to repurchase the security;


Western Asset may only sell the security to the dealer who provided the best bid.


Not earlier than the second following trading day, Western Asset may contact the dealer to offer to repurchase the security. Western Asset trad- ers are not obliged to contact only the dealer to whom the bond was originally sold-other dealers may be considered.


Western Asset will use best efforts to solicit offers to sell the security from at least two other dealers.


Western Asset may only purchase the security from the dealer making the lowest offer.


A record of the bids received for each same day security will be maintained.


Variations from this procedure may occur but only with the approval from the Legal and Compliance Department.





In order to provide additional controls on reoffers, Western Asset has developed an automated control in its trading systems that will block posting of purchases of certain CUSIPs made from a broker on the same or next trading day following a sale of the same CUSIP to that dealer. This block does not apply to CUSIP purchases executed through an electronic platform such as Market Axess. However traders using an electronic platform must include at least 5 dealers and mechanically execute at the best price to avoid the two day time lapse requirement. Rules prohibiting any pre arrangement of a repurchase and any signaling of a desire to repurchase a security apply to platform trading. The Legal and Compliance Department may permit trades on a case-by-case basis if the facts and circumstances present a reasonably low risk of a cross trade.


The automated repurchase control is not applied to trades in certain highly liquid instruments given the lower risks of an inadvertent cross trade in those contexts. The Firm may adjust the applicability of the control from time to time based on its assessment of the risks and will maintain documen- tation of its rationale for the application of the automated control.


Nothing in this procedure shall prohibit Western Asset from executing permitted cross trades in compliance with regulatory and client requirements as long as permission is first obtained from the Legal and Compliance Department. Cross trading of municipal securities in Franklin Resources mutual funds is permitted and does not require specific approval from the Legal and Compliance Department as long as the Franklin Resources fund Rule 17a-7 procedures are followed. There is also a possibility that a cross trade is executed with an account in which Western Asset has invested sufficient assets that it considers the account to be a proprietary account for conflict of interest purposes. Western Asset’s practice is not to execute trades on a principal basis with its client accounts. A cross trade involving an account where Western Asset is a significant owner or investor may be viewed as being a principal trade and has a heightened risk of a conflict of interest. To determine whether an account qualifies as a principal trade for these purposes, see Western Asset’s policy on “Proprietary Accounts.”


Monitoring

The Regulatory Affairs Group in the Legal and Compliance Department shall monitor the Firm’s trading activity to identify cross-trades that have not been properly reported or violate the Firm’s policies.


BROKER APPROVALS

Background

Investment adviser firms maintain a list of approved brokers and internal systems designed to limit trading to only the approved firms. Maintaining a process for reviewing brokers prior to use allows the firm to review a broker’s financial standing and reputation before engaging in any transactions resulting in counterparty exposure. Use of an internal system provides the internal control mechanism to enforce limits and ensure trades are only posted with approved brokers.




POLICY

Western Asset seeks to trade with brokers that can facilitate trading activities on behalf of clients to meet the Firm’s fiduciary duties and client invest- ment objectives. Among other factors, the Firm prefers brokers that demonstrate strength in the asset classes in which they operate, have knowl- edgeable sales coverage, show a willingness to commit capital, and maintain financial stability. Specific factors and their relative importance often varies depending on the instruments involved and circumstances of the trades. Approving brokers is a subjective assessment but the Firm maintains controls to ensure that trades may be posted only with brokers who have been approved. The Broker Review Committee considers and administers broker approvals and may also institute limitations and/or approval revocations. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains control over the appropriate systems through which such approvals, restrictions or limitations are enforced. The Manager of Regulatory Affairs and the General Counsel are authorized to make approvals or issue limitations/revocations at any time, subject to subsequent ratification by the Broker Review Committee at its next meeting.


PROCEDURES

All brokers must be approved by Western Asset prior to posting a trade with that broker for any Western Asset client account. Administration of such approvals, any limitations, and approval revocations is done via the Broker Review Committee or delegates of the Broker Review Committee.


Daily Monitoring

The Broker Administration System (BAS) allows the Legal and Compliance Department to control the utilization of approved brokers enabled in the Firm’s trading system. Brokers that are not approved are either not included in the BAS system at all or de-activated if previously approved which make them inaccessible to staff seeking to post a trade.


The Global Securities Operations team in the Investment Operations Department is responsible for ensuring that only brokers that are approved are activated in BAS.


BAS also acts as a rule based system to block certain accounts from trading with specific brokers. These restrictions are normally in place at the request of a client. The Compliance Officer assigned to the account is responsible for ensuring the accurate set-up.


The Legal and Compliance Department may publish a list of approved brokers for reference purposes such as via the Firm’s Intranet site. The primary internal control is the BAS coding, but the Legal and Compliance Department endeavors to keep any lists external to BAS as accurate as possible.





Review of Broker Information

Annually, the Credit Sector Specialists review the financial standing of all approved brokers. Such review is evidenced in the annual Best Execution review during which time a Credit Sector Specialist rates each broker based on their financial stability and counterparty credit ratings. Based on their ratings, and input from the Portfolio Managers, brokers will either remain on or be deleted from the list.


Access to Broker Information and Continued Approved Status

Access to sufficient and reasonably current financial information to make an assessment is required in order for a broker to remain on the Approved Broker List. If sufficient and reasonably current financials cannot be obtained or are not available, the Legal and Compliance Department should be notified so that approval can be removed and the broker deactivated in BAS. Likewise, if any staff has reason to believe that it would be imprudent to maintain continued approval of any broker, they may escalate to a Credit Sector Specialist, a member of the Legal and Compliance Department, or other member of senior management for further handling and assessment.


Annual Conflict of Interest Questionnaire

At time of hire and annually thereafter, all staff (including Investment Management staff) are required to complete a “Conflict of Interest Questionnaire” requiring the disclosure of any personal relationships existing with Approved Brokers or other service providers with whom Western Asset does busi- ness. “Personal Relationships” may include any association that could be perceived as a conflict pertaining to duties to Western Asset or its clients. The questionnaires are reviewed and any conflicts are identified for review and appropriate action.


New Broker Addition

Before trading is permitted with a proposed broker the following will be required:


A request must be submitted to a Senior Credit Sector Specialist. The Senior Credit Specialist will assess the broker qualifications and recom- mend whether the Firm should conduct business with the named broker. Affiliated brokers may never be approved. All required documenta- tion must be attached to the form prior to submission but the form of documentation is less important than the substance. The form requires the following information:

û

Name of Broker and contact information

û

Reason for Addition

û

Security Type being traded

û

Broker’s Financial Statements (attached or requested)

û

Authorization from a designated Senior Credit Sector Specialist

û

Identification as to whether the broker is an affiliated entity


Upon approval by the Senior Credit Sector Specialist, the form and attachments are then submitted to the Legal and Compliance Department. The Manager of Regulatory Affairs or the General Counsel or their designee may approve if they deem advisable, subject to ratification at the next Broker Review Committee meeting. Maintenance or administrative measures do not require further ratification by the Broker Review Committee. The Global Securities Operations team in the Investment Operations Department is responsible for adding the new broker into BAS.


Once the broker has been activated as an approved broker in BAS, the trade may be posted. The Legal and Compliance Department should update any lists external to BAS within a reasonable period of time.


In instances where time is of the essence in executing a transaction and the best execution obligation can only be met through the use of a broker or dealer or there are other compelling reasons that would honor the Firm’s fiduciary duty to clients, approval may be obtained directly from the Senior Credit Sector Specialist, the Manager of Regulatory Affairs, the General Counsel, or their designees, followed by completion of the steps set forth above as soon as reasonably possible.


Prior approval by the Firm’s Market and Credit Risk Committee is required for use of any broker for non-Delivery versus Payment trades (i.e., trades that involve risk to the counterparty beyond settlement risk). Any new additions of such brokers still must be presented to the Broker Review Committee for approval or ratification.


Brokers may be de-activated in BAS and/or removed from the Firm’s approved broker list at any time if warranted. The Global Securities Operations team is responsible for removing broker authority in BAS upon instruction from the Manager of Regulatory Affairs, General Counsel, or the Broker Review Committee. In instances where time is of the essence, senior leadership of the Firm, Investment Management Department, or Risk Management Department may instruct removal of authority, subject to subsequent notice to the Broker Review Committee.


All changes to approve new brokers must be submitted for ratification at the next scheduled Broker Review Committee meeting. Maintenance or administrative measures do not require further ratification by the Broker Review Committee. Broker removals are reported to the Broker Review Committee at its next meeting.




US TREASURY AUCTIONS & GOVERNMENT OF CANADA SECURITIES AUCTIONS

Background

Western Asset participates in U.S. Treasury auctions & Government of Canada Securities auctions on a competitive bid basis for client portfolios. Auction bids for U.S. Treasury auctions are submitted through approved dealers or depository institutions and are conducted in compliance with Part 356 of Treasury Department Regulations. Auction bids for Government of Canada Securities auctions are submitted through government securities distribu- tors and are conducted in compliance with both Policy No. 5-Code of Conduct issued by the Investment Dealers Association of Canada (“IDA”) and the rules promulgated under the Terms of Participation in Auctions for Customers issued by the Bank of Canada and the Department of Finance.

While limits may vary by auction, typically U.S. Treasury Auction awards are limited to 35% of the offering amount. Specific limits are announced prior to the auction. (Awards include the firm’s net long position plus total bids in the auction.) In addition, there are reporting requirements when a firm’s total bids plus net long position equals or exceeds the reporting threshold.

Canadian Treasury Auction awards are generally limited to 25% (the “bid limit”) of the amount auctioned for both treasury bills and bonds. Specific limits are announced prior to the auction. A bidder may use as many government securities distributors as it chooses to submit its bids so long as the total amount of its bids does not exceed its auction limits. In addition, reporting of net positions in the auctioned security is required prior to the start of the auction. If no net position is reported, the bid will be rejected automatically. As part of the bid certification and confirmation process, an annual certificate of compliance must also be furnished and provided to the Bank of Canada.


 

POLICY

Part 356 of the U.S. Treasury Department (“Department”) Regulations (the “U.S. Treasury Rule”) governs the terms and conditions for the sale and is- sue by the Department of U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds. The Terms of Participation in Auctions for Customers issued by the Bank of Canada (the “Canadian Terms”), and Policy No. 5 – Code of Conduct issued by the IDA governs the terms and conditions for the sale and issue of Canadian Treasury Bills, notes and bonds. Appendix A to the US Treasury Rule and Section 1 of the Canadian Terms requires Western Asset to have certain written internal policies and procedures (i.e., “Chinese Walls”), as set forth below, in order for Western Asset to be recognized, for purposes of bidding in U.S. Treasury and Government of Canada Securities auctions, as a bidder that is separate from the Firm’s parent company, Franklin Resources(Franklin Resources includes Franklin Resources, Inc. and organizations operating as Franklin Resources) and the corporate entities that are affiliates of FranklinResources (generally referred to below as “Other Component Entities”). Compliance with the terms of this policy, however, permit the Firm’s Pasadena, New York and London offices to be considered as a single separate bidder which enables each office to share bidding information and coordinate bid submissions.


In order to satisfy the separate bidder requirements of Appendix A to the US Treasury Rule and Section 1 of the Canadian Terms when participating in a U.S. Treasury or Canadian Government securities auction:


1.

Neither Western Asset nor any officer, director or employee of Western Asset shall:

a.

exchange any of the following information with any officer, director or employee of any Other Component Entity:

i.

yields or rates at which Western Asset or any Other Component Entity plans to bid in any Treasury or Canadian Government securities auction;

ii.

the amounts of securities for which Western Asset or any Other Component Entity plans to bid in any Treasury or Canadian Government auction;

iii.

positions that Western Asset or any Other Component Entity holds or plans to acquire in a security being auctioned in a Treasury or Canadian Government securities auction; and

iv.

investment strategies that Western Asset or any Other Component Entity plans to follow with respect to a security being auctioned; or

b.

in any way intentionally act together with any officer, director or employee of any Other Component Entity with respect to formulating or entering bids in an auction.


2.

Decisions related to purchasing Treasury or Canadian Government securities at auction and participation in specific auctions for the purpose of purchasing such securities for the account of customers of Western Asset or for Western Asset’s own account (or for the account of customers of Western Asset’s London office or for the London offices own account) must be made solely by employees of Western Asset, who shall not make or in any way participate in the making of such decisions for any Other Component Entity.


3.

The records of Western Asset relating to the bidding for, acquisition of, and disposition of Treasury securities shall be maintained by Western Asset apart from similar records for any Other Component Entity.


4.

Specifically for Government of Canada Securities auctions, Western Asset shall direct all bids and purchases of Government of Canada securities through a non-affiliate Canadian government securities distributor.


For both Canadian and Treasury auction activity (including bids and purchases of when-issued securities), the Firm’s investment staff will coordinate with Trade Operations for each auction.





PROCEDURES

U.S Treasury Auctions

Trade Operations staff is responsible for coordinating all Treasury Auction activity on Auction Days. Investment Management staff in London, Pasadena, and New York who would like to participate in the auction either through the bidding process or by the purchase of When Issued (“WI”) securities on Auction Day must communicate with Trade Operations.


On the morning of an auction, Trade Operations will calculate the Firm’s net long position at the open of the day and will have information on position limits for the auction. Positions of the London, Pasadena and New York offices are aggregated as if each was one firm since all offices together are considered to be a single bidder. Purchases of WI securities that are made on Auction Day but not acquired through direct participation in the auction should not be included when calculating net reportable position information.


They will maintain a tally of Western Asset’s long position and desired bidding volume and work with the investment management staff to com- municate this information to the dealer(s) submitting bids on behalf of the Firm. If Western Asset is awarded a par amount of $2 billion or more in an auction, the Firm must prepare a “Customer Confirmation” and forward it to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York no later than 10:00 a.m. PT on the day following the auction. A letter is also required if the award is less than $2 billion and Western Asset has a reportable position. Trade Operations will prepare the Customer Confirmation, if required.


Trade Operations will also coordinate net reportable position information with the broker participating in the auction on Western Asset’s behalf to ensure consistency between the broker report and Western Asset’s documentation.


Government of Canada Securities Auctions

On the morning of an auction, Trade Operations will calculate the Firm’s net position in the auctioned security at the open of the day and will gather information on position limits for the auction. Western Asset’s auction limit will equal its bidding limit less its excess net long position.


For purposes of computing the auction limit, the bidder’s net position will include the par amount of (i) cash holdings of a security with the same International Securities Identification Number (ISIN), (ii) when-issued positions, (iii) futures contracts that require delivery of the security being auc- tioned but not futures contracts for which the security being auctioned is one of several securities that may be delivered, and not futures contracts that are cash-settled, (iv) forward contracts, (v) holdings of the residual component of a stripped bond of the security being auctioned, and (vi) any position in the security not covered by the above types of contracts, including “guaranteed trades”. For repurchase agreements or securities lending, the entity that owns the security, not the entity that has borrowed it, must report the repurchased security or lent security as part of its position. All positions are based on the trade date rather than delivery date.


Western Asset must report its net position in the auctioned security prior to the start of the auction. A customer bid submitted in the absence of a net position report will be rejected automatically. Trade Operations will maintain a tally of Western Asset’s net position and desired bidding volume. Trade Operations will coordinate with Investment Management to communicate position and bidding information. Such information may be submitted directly to the Bank of Canada or to the government securities distributor that is submitting a bid on behalf of the Firm. If Western Asset is reporting its net position directly to the Bank of Canada, it may do so up to 30 minutes before the bidding deadline on the day of the auction. Western Asset is required to re-submit its net position if it changes by more than $25 million CAN$ before the bidding deadline.


Trade Operations will also coordinate net reportable position information with the government securities distributor participating in the auction on Western Asset’s behalf to ensure consistency between the distributors reporting and Western Asset’s documentation.


Background

Though there is little formal guidance, the SEC staff places significant scrutiny on adviser practices as they relate to errors in client accounts and how they are corrected. The general rule is that when attempting to resolve errors, the adviser should not shift the cost of the error to the client. The SEC staff has stated that advisers should have error policies and procedures in place, and consistently follow such procedures. The procedures should be fair to all clients, and an error should not disadvantage any client (even if the broker-dealer caused the error). Advisers should also adequately disclose their trading error policies to clients.


ERROR CORRECTION

POLICY

Western Asset’s general policy, except where contractual arrangements or regulatory requirements provide otherwise, is (i) to make a client account whole for any net loss associated with an error and (ii) to retain in a client’s account, any net gain resulting from an error.


Western Asset categorizes errors as follows:


1. Breaches of investment guidelines and/or investment restrictions resulting from any transaction whereby a transaction and/or portfolio is not consistent with:

a.

Client guidelines (includes prospectus for a fund). Client guidelines are limited to written guidelines or instructions, except as otherwise expressly required by a client’s investment management agreement; or

b.

Regulatory requirements/restrictions (examples include, but are not limited to, legally improper or prohibited purchases/sales of securities; improper transactions with affiliates; legally improper or prohibited cash/currency transactions).





2. Operational:

a.

Trading errors include, but are not limited to, execution of incorrect security transaction (other than as described above for breaches of guidelines, restrictions or regulations).

b.

Settlement errors.


Western Asset is responsible for interpreting and applying this policy and determining whether a breach or error has occurred. This policy does not require Western Asset to notify a client if Western Asset investigates a potential breach or error and determines that no breach or error has occurred. The policy also does not require Western Asset to compensate a client for net losses if no breach or error has occurred or if Western Asset is not re- sponsible for a breach or error, although Western Asset may do so in its discretion.


If a breach or error occurs in a client account, it is Western Asset’s policy that the breach or error shall be corrected as soon after discovery as reason- ably practicable or the client shall be contacted within a reasonable amount of time to obtain a waiver. If a waiver is declined, the breach will be cor- rected. If the breach or error, after correction, results in a gain to the client, that gain is retained in the client portfolio. If Western Asset is responsible for a breach or error that, after correction, results in a net loss to a client, Western Asset will reimburse the account for the net loss. The calculation of the amount of any net loss will depend on the facts and circumstances of any breach or error and the exact methodology may vary. For example, in certain circumstances, net loss may be calculated by reference to an index or an alternative security. When evaluating the potential adverse impact of a breach, relative analysis may be considered to compare the returns of an ineligible investment to other comparable eligible securities, benchmarks, indices or other indicators. In cases of breaches or errors involving a derivative instrument, the question of whether the account has suffered a loss will normally include an analysis of whether the account could have achieved similar investment exposure through other derivatives or the cash markets. If the underlying exposure was permitted, Western Asset will normally take the view that the portfolio did not suffer a loss. The basis of calculation of a net loss will be shared with the client for discussion.


The client will be asked which method of reimbursement they prefer. The client may choose to receive compensation by check, wire or may receive a reduction in fees. The process typically operates the same regardless of the amount involved. However, depending on the circumstances, the Firm may consider small amounts as de minimis and choose not to reimburse on the theory that the indirect cost of review to the client far outweighs the payment.


If Western Asset is aware of errors in client accounts that are not the responsibility of the Firm, Western Asset will facilitate communications with third parties in order to arrange appropriate resolution of the error.


Consistent with industry practice and convention, Western Asset will not provide notice, make claims or provide compensation for settlement issues (including overdrafts) with losses of less than $500, regardless of the party at fault, absent specific agreement with a client.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset discloses its trade error policies to a client via its Form ADV. When breaches or errors are discovered in client accounts they should be communicated immediately to the Legal and Compliance Department for handling. Staff may communicate through their management or supervi- sors or through Enterprise Risk, but the key principle is getting the issue escalated to the Legal and Compliance Department rather than mandating the specific means of escalation. A resolution to the error with respect to client notice or reimbursement should be developed and must be approved by the Legal and Compliance Department or other relevant members of senior management before implementation. Good judgement permits quick remediation of obvious errors, such as immediately reversing an incorrect trade or a manual key entry error. The following guidelines should be taken into account in developing an ultimate resolution:


The client should not bear the cost for the breach or error;

Another account should not bear the cost for the breach or error; and

Brokers may not be compensated via commissions or fund transactions for absorbing a trading error.


The Client Service Executive for the account should be involved in any client communication that is necessary or prudent. The breach or error should be documented and should include the cause of the breach or error, its correction, and the impact to the client. Enterprise Risk will typically be involved in analysis of breaches or errors, but the level of engagement may vary depending on facts and circumstances. The Legal and Compliance Department will also maintain relevant documentation once breaches or errors are resolved. A summary of all breaches and errors and corrections is provided to the Operations Committee or a duly organized sub-committee by the Legal and Compliance Department at least quarterly.


Western Asset responsible for error:

All breach or error corrections that result in a net loss to the client account will be reimbursed to the client. The client will be asked which method of reimbursement they prefer. The client may choose to receive compensation by check, wire or may receive a reduction in fees.


Third party responsible for error:

Western Asset will facilitate communications with third parties and clients in order to arrange appropriate resolution of breaches or errors caused by outside parties.




PORTFOLIO COVERAGE FOR US INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Background

Western Asset serves as a sub-adviser to mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Accordingly, there are legal require- ments to ensure that such portfolios address the implications of certain transactions that can result in leverage and that effectively require portfolios to maintain sufficient assets to cover their obligations. Section 18(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 generally prohibits an investment company from issuing a “senior security” except in certain circumstances. A “senior security” is any security or obligation that creates a priority over any other class to a distribution of assets or payment of a dividend. Permissible “senior securities” include such things as bank borrowing where a minimum required asset coverage ratio is maintained. Closed end funds use a similar approach, but often explicitly permit leverage within pre- scribed limits.

The SEC further set forth guidance on portfolio coverage in Investment Company Act Release 10666 (Apr. 18, 1979), 44 Fed. Reg. 25128 (Apr. 27, 1979). While Release 10666 does not specifically address derivatives, its policy and analysis has provided the foundation of regulatory expecta- tions and common practices. SEC staff have issued other guidance from time to time such as the no-action letter issued to Merrill Lynch Asset Management, LP (pub. avail. July 2, 1996) that addressed mechanics and monitoring of coverage and asset segregation and the no-action letter issued to Dreyfus Strategic Investing & Dreyfus Strategic Income (pub. avail. June 22, 1987) that addressed futures and forwards.

The SEC requirements for coverage under Section 18 and Release 10666 are the same for all registered investment companies, but interpretation and application varies. Informal guidance, approaches around areas of ambiguity, operational monitoring needs and/or business preferences may impact the specific framework each fund employs.

The regulatory structure for US registered investment companies does not apply to separate accounts or collective investment vehicles operating under other regulatory regimes. An investment adviser may choose to apply common principles or practices to facilitate operations in the absence of a regulatory mandate.

Note: The SEC has adopted new rules for the use of derivatives and leverage for US mutual funds. The new requirements take effect on August 19, 2022. The policies and procedures described in this manual remain in effect until that date or an earlier date if the Firm and its mutual fund clients choose to comply beforehand.


 


POLICY

Western Asset will maintain controls designed to address coverage obligations for US mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The approach is designed to ensure that each fund maintains sufficient assets to meet its potential liabilities. Even without specifically issuing “senior securities” on behalf of the fund in the open market, liabilities may be created by transactions that create obligations for the fund in the future.


Western Asset’s standard approach is to cover net unsettled trades, forward settling securities, losses on currency forwards and the daily collateral value of interest rate swaps, cash settled futures and options with cash and cash equivalent securities. Western Asset’s standard approach is to cover the market adjusted notional value of non-cash settled instruments such as short and long futures, short puts, short calls, notional value of short credit default swaps and total return swaps with any excess cash, offsetting derivatives or liquid assets in the account.


Portfolios which clear through Western Asset’s Master Clearing Agreement have a side-letter in place which permits the clearing broker to close any outstanding future or option on future that requires physical delivery, prior to the contracts trigger liquidation date. By virtue of this agreement, the contracts avoid any obligation associated with physical delivery, can be treated as cash-settled and therefore only require coverage of any mark-to- market loss.


Western Asset does not employ “hard segregation” where specific assets are identified and isolated at a fund’s custodian. Rather, Western Asset em- ploys a “soft segregation” approach where a consistent approach is used to determine whether sufficient coverage exists based on a portfolio’s current holdings versus its commitments. The process is also designed to ensure that the same asset is not used multiple times to cover multiple liabilities.


While Western Asset utilizes a standard approach for US registered mutual funds, some accounts may require different handling due to obligations established by client contract or applicable regulation.


Closed-end registered investment companies with explicit levels of permitted leverage are monitored to take those parameters into account.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset’s Portfolio Compliance team maintains compliance with coverage requirements. The group maintains a process to determine which types of liabilities require which types of coverage.


Western Asset will maintain parameters to determine what assets qualify as a “cash equivalent.” These metrics may change from time to time, but generally focuses on duration metrics, ratings metrics, pricing metrics and other asset class types. Western Asset’s process for designating assets as illiquid provides the basis for determining what assets qualify as liquid assets for coverage purposes.


In light of the administrative and logistics needs to effectively monitor for continued compliance and the role that passive market value fluctuations can have on calculations, Western Asset’s standard approach is to permit a remediation period of three days once an instance of insufficient coverage is identified. Once a portfolio comes back into compliance, the clock resets.


Soft Dollar & Directed Brokerage

Background

A“softdollar” arrangement is an arrangement through which an investment adviser uses client commission dollars to pay for research and other products provided by a broker. Soft dollars apply to payments for products or services in the form of brokerage commission allocations. Commission dollarsrepresentclientassets;therefore,aninvestmentadviserhasaresponsibilitytoensurethatallcommissiondollarsspentbyclientsmustbe used to serve the client’s interest.

Section28(e)

Section28(e)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended provides a “safeharbor” to an investment adviser against claims that it has breached its fiduciary duty solely because the adviser caused its clients to pay more than the lowest available commission rate ,i.e., to “payup” for research and brokerage services from broker/dealers.

FiduciaryDuty

Section 28(e) makes it clear that money managers may consider the provision of research, as well as execution services, in evaluating the cost of brokerage services without violating their fiduciary responsibilities. The Department of Labor has indicated, however, that if cash rebates, goods or services provided by a broker-dealer to a plan is not for a purpose that exclusively benefits the plan, the transaction constitutes a per se violation of ERISA. Therefore, when services are purchased utilizing commissions generated by ERISA plans, an investment adviser must be sure those services are a direct benefit to those plans.




POLICY

Western Asset’s philosophy is not to make use of arrangements where brokerage business is promised in exchange for benefits of services (i.e., soft dollars or soft commissions). However, in the event that circumstances arise that suggest that entering into a soft dollar arrangement for the purchase of research services is prudent and in the best interests of Western Asset’s clients, the following policy shall govern that process. This policy shall be disclosed in Western Asset’s Form ADV to describe Western Asset’s philosophy, the possibility that a soft dollar arrangement may be considered, and the corresponding parameters for the oversight of any soft dollars arrangements.


Western Asset may receive thought leadership, market commentary or other similar courtesies (both solicited and unsolicited) from brokers in the ordinary course of trading on behalf of clients. These items are not received pursuant to arrangements or agreements to exchange brokerage activity for services or benefits and are not considered to be obtained using soft dollars. Receipt of such items may be considered in Western Asset’s best execution decisions when executing trades as an ancillary factor, but the Firm is not obliged to direct brokerage in order to receive such information.


If Western Asset enters into a soft dollar arrangement, it is the Firm’s policy to only pay for services that directly assist in the investment decision- making process and benefit the best interest of Western Asset clients. In maintaining this standard, all arrangements and services must be carefully researched to ensure that they benefit all clients who would participate in soft dollar trades. Further, all proposed arrangements and/or services must be submitted to the Broker Review Committee for approval prior to their implementation.


The Firm may also participate in soft dollar transactions on the secondary market where commission rates and prices are negotiated. Best execution is sought on all transactions subject to soft dollar.


The products and services obtained with soft dollars must qualify as “brokerage and research services.” “Research” in this context means anything that provides “lawful and appropriate assistance” to Western Asset in the performance of its investment decision-making responsibilities.


Services or products that provide merely administrative assistance to Western Asset may not be purchased with soft dollars. However, if one product or service assists both in the investment decision process and in administrative areas, Western Asset may prorate the cost, using clients’ commissions to pay only for that portion of the cost attributable to advisory functions. Western Asset must be able to demonstrate a good-faith effort to allocate the anticipated uses of any product or service that is obtained under a soft-dollar arrangement.


PROCEDURES

All soft dollar policies and procedures are regulated and monitored by the Broker Review Committee (the “Committee”). The Committee generally meets quarterly to discuss matters, which if the Firm engaged in soft dollar arrangements, would include the following objectives and procedures:


A. Review all soft dollar arrangements for compliance with said policy.


B. Review the annual budget. The annual budget is determined each year prior to year-end for the following calendar year. This budget is then reviewed at each meeting to ensure accuracy and to make needed adjustments.


Each vendor provides Western Asset a statement with projected year expenses. In addition, monthly statements are received indicating what services have been paid and Western Asset’s remaining balance due, including any price adjustments made by the service provider.


The budget is monitored and reconciled by a member of the accounting staff in order to maintain an accurate and current budget.





C. The Committee reviews and approves services, new and existing. A list of services is reviewed at year-end for the following calendar year.


The Committee makes the decision on the services for the following year and approves any new services added to the budget. In addition, the committee reviews this list of services at each meeting to ensure accuracy and a need for the services. We notify each vendor of changes in our current services to avoid paying any unnecessary expenses. Any new service requested by investment personnel is brought to the attention of the committee and requires approval prior to being added to the list of services and the annual budget.


If Western Asset elects to enter into soft dollar arrangements, it is Western Asset’s policy to only pay for research items that directly assist in the investment decision-making process. In complying with this policy the evaluation of research must meet the following criteria: it must benefit all clients; we must be able to document the basis for the determination of such research and it must directly benefit the client account generat- ing the trades. The committee pays special attention to the list of current services to assure the services comply with the stated policy and to assure that all services benefit all clients. These services are reviewed no less than semi-annually.


D. The Committee reviews all proprietary and Mixed-Use research services.


Western Asset must always act for the benefit of the client and place client interests before its own. Western Asset must disclose to the client that we may engage in soft dollar arrangements involving their account. Upon request, Western Asset will provide a list of research services, including research, the total amount of commissions generated for that specific client, and directed brokerage information.


E. In connection with any soft dollar arrangement, Western Asset’s internal records shall include, at a minimum:


A record showing the nature of the services or benefits made available, and a detailed description of the application of any general or specific formula or other determinant used in arriving at such allocation of purchase and sale orders and such division of brokerage commissions or other compensation. The record must also include the identities of the persons responsible for the determination of such allocation and such division of brokerage commissions or other compensation.


DIRECTED BROKERAGE


POLICY

Clients may, from time to time, request that Western Asset direct the client’s brokerage to a particular broker. A directed brokerage arrangement involves a client directive obligating Western Asset to direct brokerage or restrict the use of certain broker-dealers without regard to best execution. Directed brokerage arrangements do not encompass client preferences, goals or instructions that are subject to Western Asset’s obligation to seek to obtain best execution. This type of arrangement may be permissible if the following conditions are met:


1.

Western Asset must disclose to the client that Western Asset’s ability to obtain best execution for the client may be hindered by the directed brokerage relationship.


2.

Western Asset must disclose that transactions directed in this manner may result in client’s foregoing the benefit from savings on execution costs that Western Asset may obtain for its other clients through, for example, negotiating volume discounts with brokers on block trades.


3.

If the client is a retirement account, Western Asset seeks to execute only trades that are for the sole benefit of the account, any participants and beneficiaries.


Conflicts of Interest


Conflicts of Interest

POLICY

All investment advisory firms owe a fiduciary duty to their clients. In its role as a fiduciary, the Firm endeavors to eliminate and/or mitigate conflicts and potential conflicts of interest from all areas of the Firm’s business and to disclose all material conflicts to clients. While specific Firm policies may address specific conflicts of interest, Western Asset employees shall not take advantage of their knowledge or position to place their interests ahead of Western Asset clients at any time. Western Asset employees also must avoid activities, interests or associations outside of their work at the Firm that might interfere with, or give the appearance of interfering with, their ability to act in the best interest of the Firm and its clients or the employees ability to act in the best interest of the Firm and its clients or the employees’ ability to perform their work for the Firm and its clients objectively and effectively. Western Asset has adopted a variety controls such as policies, procedures, and oversight mechanisms in order to address conflicts and potential conflicts of interest that may arise in the course of Western Asset’s business as an investment adviser.


While no policy or procedure will ever address every potential conflict of interest, there are common areas of potential conflict due to the inherent intersection of personal conduct and client or Firm interests such as gifts and entertainment, personal trading, personal investments with business contacts, political contributions, and outside business activities. Conflicts are generally addressed within this Conflicts of Interest policy, but certain potential conflicts such as gifts and entertainment, personal trading and personal investments with business contacts are addressed in separate compliance policies and procedures.





POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Background

Rule 206(4)-5 of the Adviser Act addresses political contributions by investment advisers. The Rule broadly prohibits an investment adviser from earning fees by providing advisory services to a US state or local government entity for two years after the adviser or certain employees of the adviser makes a contribution to certain elected officials or candidates. The goal of the Rule is to address so called “pay-to-play” arrangements where an adviser or its employees makes a political contribution to a candidate or incumbent in exchange for an award of business. The Rule is intended to cover contributions to candidates and incumbents at the state and local government level, but does not cover federal elections un- less a state official is running for federal office. In addition, some states and public clients have adopted their own rules on political contributions that apply as a matter of law or contract. If not careful, these requirements may cause Western Asset to provide services without compensation, bar Western Asset from doing business, force Western Asset to resign from an existing mandate, or subject Western Asset to fines and penalties for non-compliance.




POLICY

Investment advisers that, directly or indirectly, use political or charitable contributions in an effort to influence a fiduciaries’ decision to hire or retain the firm (i.e., “pay-to-play”) risk suffering significant legal sanctions and harm to their business and reputation from such practices. As a general matter, neither Western Asset nor any Western Asset employee may make any political contributions to influence a government entity, official or candidate to hire or retain Western Asset or a Franklin Resources affiliate as investment adviser, invest or maintain an investment in any fund advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or a Franklin Resources affiliate, or influence Western Asset’s access to or allocation of securities issued by that government entity. In addition, neither Western Asset nor Western Asset’s employees may make political contributions with the intent to accomplish something indirectly that would be otherwise prohibited directly.


For purposes of this policy, all Western Asset employees and their immediate family are required to pre-clear all political contributions made to any candidate (both those that are successful and those that are unsuccessful) or incumbent for any elective office at any level of government in the United States through designated individuals in the Legal and Compliance Department. This includes all federal, state and local contributions, but does not include contributions to political action committees, political parties, charitable organizations or social welfare organizations. Once pre-cleared, em- ployees must confirm the details of the contribution if made including the name of the candidate, the office, and the date and amount of the contribu- tion. Contributions may not be made to a political action committee or political party or charity or social welfare organization to make a contribution to a particular candidate through indirect means that would otherwise require pre-clearance if made directly.


If Western Asset or certain employees make political contributions to candidates or officeholders, Western Asset may not earn fees for providing ser- vices to certain related government entities for a period of two years from the date of the contribution. The Legal and Compliance Department shall maintain a list of employees (known as “covered associates”) whose political contributions could potentially trigger the requirement to forgo fees.


The requirement to forgo fees also applies to contributions made by any new hire being hired to a “covered associate” position or existing employee being transferred into a “covered associate” position during the two years prior to the date they become a “covered associate”.


When considering a pre-clearance request, the Legal and Compliance Department shall be mindful of the SEC Rule parameters which consider politi- cal contributions to be above a de minimis level if they exceed in the aggregate in any election cycle either $350 to individuals for whom the employee is entitled to vote or $150 to individuals for whom the employee is not entitled to vote. Contributions in amounts above these levels may trigger a requirement for Western to forgo fees from relevant government clients, both current and future. Approvals of contributions in excess of these levels for all employees will be made sparingly in light of the consequences of a political contribution that causes Western Asset to forgo fees.


For purposes of this policy, “political contributions” means anything of value given to a candidate or incumbent, including both monetary and non- monetary things of value, made for the purpose of influencing an election, paying a debt incurred by a campaign, or paying for transition or inaugural expenses for a successful candidate. Gifts (i.e., birthday, anniversary, etc.) or other non-cash goods given to candidates or incumbents for state, local or federal offices are not permitted because they may be deemed to be “political contributions” and become subject to applicable limits. However, if an employee donates their time through means such as volunteering, giving speeches, etc. to support a candidate or incumbent, no reporting or pre clearance is required. If an employee serves in an official capacity on behalf of a campaign or candidate or volunteers in a role that coordinates fund- raising for a campaign or candidate, employees should be very mindful that such activities may be viewed as contributions or may otherwise raise potential conflicts of interest. Employees engaging in such activities are encouraged to discuss with the Legal and Compliance Department to ensure that any attendant risks are identified and addressed. In addition, no staff may utilize any of Western Asset’s stationary (i.e., letterhead, envelopes, etc.) for political activities or state that Western Asset supports a particular candidate or incumbent.


There are also regulatory political contribution requirements with respect to referral agents, but those are addressed in the compliance policy for Referral Arrangements.


PROCEDURES

All employees are required to pre-clear and report all political contributions to any candidate (both those that are successful and those that are unsuccessful) or incumbent for any elective office at any level of government in the United States through designated individuals in the Legal and Compliance Department. Pre-clearance is not required for contributions to political action committees or political parties. The requirement applies to both employees and their immediate families.





While all employees are required to pre-clear and report transactions, only certain employees, including those in a department head role, certain Client Service Executive roles and marketing roles shall be designated by Western Asset as “Covered Associates” for purposes of compliance with SEC Rule 206(4)-5. Such employees shall include members of the Executive Committee, Management Committee, and Client Service Executives who may solicit government entities, marketing staff, Chief Investment Officer, and the Chief Compliance Officer. Specific determinations shall be made by the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer and such persons shall be notified and a record shall be maintained of that list. For the avoidance of doubt, inclusion on the list as a “covered associate” may be re-considered in light of a particular individual’s job functions, so inclusion on the list shall not be determinative in order to encourage a conservative approach.


Western Asset may request that covered associates certify acknowledgement when designated and/or certify on a periodic basis to ensure awareness and fulsome reporting.


As the SEC rule applies the requirement to forgo fees to any new hire, the Human Resources Department will maintain procedures through which to gather relevant political contribution information in advance of a new hire joining the Firm to ensure compliance with the recordkeeping and fee pro- visions. The Human Resources Department may gather such information prior to the making of an offer to a potential employee who is contemplated for a “covered associate” role. The Human Resources Department shall also maintain procedures to ensure that the political contribution history of internal employee transfers into a “covered associate” role is checked prior to their transfer.


Western Asset may make use of the exemptions and exceptions as provided in SEC Rule 206(4)-5 such as provisions relating to returned donations and applications for relief to the SEC. Western Asset expects that these exceptions and exemptions would be rarely utilized, but they may only be utilized with the approval of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer.


Rule 206(4)-5 requires that an adviser keep records of the following:


A list of all “Covered Associates” and their titles and business and home addresses.


All political contributions made by Western Asset or “Covered Associates” to government Officials.


All “Government Entities” to which Western Asset has provided advisory services in the past five years).


All “Government Entities” that have invested in covered investment pools on behalf of government retirement programs (such as Section 403(b), 457 and 529 plans) to which Western Asset has provided advisory services. Western Asset does not ordinarily have access to the inves- tors in commingled vehicles it manages for third parties (such as 1940 Act mutual funds for which it serves as sub-adviser), so it is only required to maintain a list of entities that are identified to Western Asset by fund clients.


A list of any Government Entities that have been solicited to invest in covered investment pools by Western Asset employees (regardless of whether or not the prospect actually invested).


The name and business address of any referral agents or solicitors retained by Western Asset to solicit “Government Entities” on its behalf.


Further details regarding recordkeeping are included in the Firm’s Recordkeeping compliance policy and procedure. Specific defined terms shall have the meaning as stated in SEC Rule 206(4)-5

SERVING AS A DIRECTOR


POLICY

No Western Asset employee may serve on the board of directors of any public company or mutual fund without prior consent from both the General Counsel of Franklin Resources and Western Asset’s General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Approval is not required to serve on the board of Western Asset or a mutual fund or other pooled investment vehicle sponsored or promoted by Franklin Resources, Western Asset or its affiliates.


For service on the boards of private companies, prior written authorization of the Western Asset General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer is required. The Firm shall evaluate such roles to determine whether the company is or could become an appropriate investment for client accounts and whether the company is likely to go public in the foreseeable future. Such evaluation may result in the employee being required to forego their director role based on the actual or potential conflicts of interest that may exist. If approval is granted and such company contemplates going public, the employee must notify the Legal and Compliance Department as soon as reasonably feasible and must resign that position prior to going public. In addition, if authorized, appropriate safeguards and procedures may be implemented through information barriers or other means to prevent the employee from making investment decisions or recommendations with respect to that company.


Serving as a director or in a similar capacity for a non-profit organization is permitted without prior pre-clearance, but staff must ensure that such a role does not interfere with their Western Asset responsibilities or otherwise raise conflicts.





For either private company or non-profit roles, staff exercising their duties must ensure they are not in a position to decide whether Western Asset directly or indirectly obtains or retains that entity as a client or investor. If such activity conflicts with, or may reasonably be anticipated to conflict with, the interest of Western Asset or its fiduciary duty to its clients, the staff will be required to discontinue the activity.


PROCEDURES

Employees who serve on the board of a private company or non-profit must disclose such role when asked to disclose personal affiliations or as- sociations in annual compliance certifications. If the employee, in their role as director, has investment control over the assets of the company or organization, the employee may be deemed to have a beneficial interest in the investment activities and the investment activities of the company or organization may become subject to the Firm’s Code of Ethics.


While non-profit director roles do not require pre-clearance, staff are encouraged to seek guidance from the Legal and Compliance Department if there are questions about what is appropriate. For the avoidance of doubt, taking a leadership role at any organization with which Western Asset has a contract to serve as an investment adviser or is seeking to be retained would not be appropriate.


PERSONAL TRADING

A potential conflict exists between the interests of Western Asset clients and its employees’ personal investment activities. This conflict may take shape in a variety of ways, including the particular trades employees execute and the volume of the employees trading. Specific trades may interfere with the Firm’s ability to trade on behalf of its clients, may risk the appearance of inappropriately taking advantage of client or Firm information or may risk the appearance of gaining personal benefit due to the employee’s role at Western Asset. In addition, high volumes of personal trading may raise concerns that an employee’s energies and interests are not aligned with client interests. Further requirements regarding Personal Trading are outlined in Western Asset’s Code of Ethics and the Firm’s policy on Personal Investments with Business Contacts.


OUTSIDE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES


POLICY

Employees’ personal activities, associations or functions may create potential conflicts of interest. The personal interests of Western Asset personnel must not be placed improperly before the interests of the Firm or its clients. Outside business activities broadly include becoming employed by any other person or entity, receiving compensation from any other person or entity, or servicing as an officer, director or partner of another entity. Even if not technically included within this definition, all Western Asset employees should be mindful of their personal activities and associations and the potential conflicts of interest that arise for the Firm and its clients. Any employee engaging in outside business activity involving a financial services industry (i.e., banking, securities, brokerage, insurance, etc.) is required to receive pre-clearance from either the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Note also the requirements for prior approval described above relating to service as a director for private companies and non-profit organiza- tions.


PROCEDURES

In addition to the administration of policies and procedures outlined in this manual, the Firm conducts an assessment on at least an annual basis of conflicts and possible conflicts of interest that are present or that may arise as a result of the Firm’s relationships and/or business activities. The Firm also maintains a compliance monitoring program under which policies and procedures are reviewed. These steps help to ensure that potential con- flicts of interest have been addressed and that the Firm remains in compliance with its policies and applicable regulatory requirements. The Firm will disclose material conflicts of interest to clients via the Firm’s Form ADV, which is distributed to all new clients prior to account inception and offered annually.


Additionally, to avoid potential conflict of interest situations, all employees of Western Asset shall be required to complete a “Conflicts Questionnaire” upon joining the Firm as well as on an annual basis. Upon request, each employee will be responsible for disclosing any outside business activities, including, but not limited to, service as an officer, director, partner, employee, consultant or independent contractor with any for profit or non-profit organization. The Regulatory Affairs Group of the Legal and Compliance Department shall review such responses for any activities that may raise po- tential conflicts of interest and take or recommend appropriate action as necessary. Records of completed questionnaires shall be kept and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.


Periodic reminders or training on conflicts of interest issues shall be provided to Western Asset employees, to include the topic of policies governing political contributions at a minimum.


 

Gifts and Entertainment

Background

A potential conflict of interest arises when an employee is in a position where his or her decision-making is or could be influenced by gifts or entertainment received from a particular client, vendor, broker or other thirdparty. Clients and regulators expect investment advisers to avoid conflicts of interests in light of the fiduciary duty an investment adviser owes to its clients. Receipt of material gifts or entertainment from persons associatedwith outside parties that do or desire to business with an investment adviser could create conflicts of interest.




POLICY

To avoid conflicts or potential conflicts, Western Asset employees may not keep gifts or accept entertainment from a Western Asset Business Contact (“Business Contact”) other than those of a nominal value. Western Asset Business Contacts are considered entities or persons associated with any entity that is a client, potential client, vendor, broker or other third party that has or has the potential to have a business relationship with Western Asset. Only individuals that are personally in a position to do business or influence the conduct of business with Western Asset are considered Business Contacts. Acceptance of extraordinary or extravagant gifts or entertainment from a Business Contact is not permitted.


If an employee receives a gift from a Business Contact that the employee knows or should know exceeds $100 in value, the gift must be declined, returned or contributed to Western Asset to be raffled or otherwise disposed. No employee may ever accept cash or cash equivalents (such as gift certificates or gift cards).


Entertainment is considered to include any events after business hours where the Business Contact assumes the cost of the event. Such events in- clude, but are not limited to dinners, attendance at sporting events, theatrical events, and social outings (such as cocktail hours and golf outings). The Business Contact must be present in order for the event to be considered “entertainment” – otherwise the benefit received by the employee (such as tickets to an event) would be considered a gift and should be analyzed accordingly. The following requirements apply to entertainment events:


If an employee attends an entertainment event where the Business Contact assumes the cost the employee must obtain or estimate the value of the event in all cases. If the employee cannot value the entertainment event or obtain a value for it, the employee cannot accept it. Entertainment events with scarce supply require bid-side market valuation rather than market value for purposes of approval, reporting and reimbursement. The Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel will be the final arbiter on questions of valuation. The employee must make a cash contribution for any amount in excess of $100 to Western Asset for use toward the Firm’s charitable efforts.


Prior approval of a relevant member of senior management (i.e., senior management to whom the employee ultimately reports or similar) is required before an employee accepts the following entertainment events:

û

Any extravagant entertainment event (i.e., those involving a ticket or admission price in excess of $300) – as well as contribute any amount in excess of $100 to Western Asset for use toward the Firm’s charitable efforts.

û

Any entertainment event outside the metropolitan area of Western Asset office locations. Further explicit approval is required for any such events that involve a member of the employee’s family.


Relevant members of senior management have authority to make decisions regarding for their own conduct without obtaining prior approval from others.


Lunches taken with Business Contacts during business hours are not considered gifts or entertainment.


If the entertainment activity requires a hotel stay or use of transportation, Western Asset employees must pay their own transportation fares and lodging costs. Western Asset will continue to reimburse employees for legitimate business expenses with manager approval.


Employees may not participate in or accept more than six entertainment events per year per firm, company or entity, regardless of the number of different individuals that may represent a particular organization or entity. Each employee may not receive more than 25 total entertainment activities per calendar year.


Western Asset employees may not solicit gifts, invitations for entertainment events, or anything of value from any Western Asset Business Contacts.


Personal gifts given to clients, employees of clients, other Western Asset employees, or persons/entities with whom Western Asset has a business relationship, and with whom the Firm employee also has a personal relationship, to recognize a personal event or holiday (i.e., birthday, wedding, new baby, etc.) are not subject to the guidelines set forth above.


The receipt of any adult entertainment as part of a business related event is prohibited regardless of the value or cost.


Events or activities where Western Asset pays expenses associated with participation or the employee personally pays their own expenses are not considered to be entertainment events for purposes of this policy.


There may be circumstances where an employee is directed to participate in an entertainment event as part of the course and scope of their job functions and it would be inconsistent with the objectives of this policy to consider participating to involve a personal benefit. These are expected to be rare and require senior management approval and direction in advance, but such events are exempt from this policy in light of the facts, circumstances and risks.


PROCEDURES

As a measure to prevent potential conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts and in an effort to ensure that the interests of Western Asset clients are put first, Western Asset employees may only keep gifts and accept entertainment of a nominal value and must report all entertainment events and gifts in excess of $50 in value in the Gift and Entertainment Log described below.


Valuation of a gift or entertainment event should be based on a reasonable estimate of the item’s value. The value of entertainment accepted by a family member of a Western Asset employee is attributed to the employee and aggregated for purposes of the valuation limits. In the event of a particularly scarce entertainment event, these will be subject to bid-side market value and not the face value for purposes of approval and reimbursement.


Gift & Entertainment Log

Employees are responsible for logging gifts and entertainment into the Firm’s gift and entertainment log. Staff must make entries that are accurate and complete. Gifts with an estimated value of less than $50 do not need to be reported. Promotional gifts (such as items with a company name or logo) do not need to be reported unless the value reasonably exceeds $50. Entertainment events that also involve a gift are considered both an entertainment event and a gift and are subject to the same rules as if each was received separately.


Lengthy entertainment events count should be reported as one event, but are subject to the value limitation. (For example, three days of golf would be considered one event, and would also be subject to the $100 limit.)


On an annual basis any employees reporting of a gift and or entertainment will receive a report of all items reported and required to certify the accuracy of the items logged into the system.


The Legal and Compliance Department will regularly review gift and entertainment log entries to ensure compliance with the Firm’s policy.

 

 

Personal Investments with Business Contracts

Background

A potential conflict of interest arises when an employee is in a position where his or her decision-making is or could be influenced by a particular client, vendor, broker or other third party who does business with Western Asset. In particular, conflicts of interest may arise when a Western Asset employee is involved in a personal investment with investors that are associated with organizations that do business with Western Asset. Investments in private ventures or real estate may present potential conflicts due to the unique arrangements and incentives that may not exist for investments in publicly traded securities.

 

 

POLICY

To avoid conflicts or potential conflicts, any investment knowingly made by a Western Asset employee together with a Western Asset Business Contact (“Business Contact”) in a Personal Investment must be approved in advance. Business Contacts are considered: (i) any client, potential client, vendor, broker or other third party that does or desires to do business with Western Asset, (ii) persons that are associated with those entities described in (i) above who are personally in a position to actually or potentially be involved in doing business with Western Asset, or (iii) entities controlled by persons described in (ii) above.


A “Personal Investment” is any investment: (a) in a non-publicly traded entity such as a joint venture, partnership, limited liability company, new or existing business or similar type of business enterprise, (b) in real estate, real property or in a new or existing business, or (c) in non-publicly traded securities or any type of restricted investment limited to persons who meet only particular sophistication or financial qualification criteria.


For Personal Investments with a Business Contact, prior written authorization of the Western Asset General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer is required. Any approved investment must be re-submitted for approval if circumstances materially change or information provided in the course of obtaining approval becomes materially inaccurate.


PROCEDURES

In deciding whether to approve such investments, the following information shall be provided to permit Western Asset to assess the investment relationship, the potential for conflict, and ultimately whether the investment will be approved:


Description of the investment and the relationship between the Western Asset employee and the Business Contact

Total Business Contact ownership if greater than 10%;

Number of total investors if less than 50;

Independently audited financial statements;

Organizational documents;

Description of the operating management if management involves Western Asset employee or the Business Contact;

Any other documentation or information that would be relevant or material.





Prevention of Insider Trading

Prevention and Trading



POLICY

Western Asset forbids any officer, director or employee from trading, for either personal or client accounts, on material non-public information or communicating material non-public information to others in violation of the law. This conduct is frequently referred to as “insider trading.” Western Asset policy applies to every officer, director and employee and extends to activities within and outside their duties at Western Asset. As a general proposition, all Western Asset personnel are presumed to have access to information they learn regarding clients or Western Asset activities and are accordingly subject to restrictions on their personal conduct. As a result Western Asset’s general policy is receive only public information. However, specific information which may be viewed as material non-public information may be obtained by or become available to specific groups of individu- als either inadvertently in the ordinary course of business or in the limited circumstances noted in this policy when receiving this information doing so is legally permitted. All personnel must take care to treat any information in their possession appropriately and comply with any administrative steps that are established to prevent inappropriate use or dissemination of such information.


Insider Trading

The term “insider trading” is not precisely defined in law or regulation, but generally is used to refer to the use of material non-public information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an “insider”) or to communications of material non-public information to others. As noted elsewhere in Western Asset policies, all personnel have an obligation to treat all client and Firm information as strictly confidential.


While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits:


1.

trading by an insider, while in possession of material non-public information, or


2.

trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material non-public information, where the information was either disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated, or


3.

communicating material non-public information to others.


The prohibitions apply to both to trading activity in client accounts and trading activity in personal or non-client related accounts. Both are a violation of law, regardless of the source of the material non-public information.


In addition, no Western Asset personnel may utilize such information to manipulate the market, may intentionally disseminate misleading or false information to the market, or may execute transactions in the market that give or are likely to give false signals to the market.


1. Who is an Insider?

The concept of “insider” is broad. It includes officers, directors and employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a “temporary insider” if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company’s affairs and as a result is given access to information solely for the company’s purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company’s attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers, and the employees of such organizations. In addition, Western Asset may become a temporary insider of a company, if in the normal course of its business, it obtains from corporate management material non-public information. According to the Supreme Court, the company must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed non-public information confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be considered an insider.


2. What is Material Information?

Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information is material. “Material information” generally is defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities. Information that officers, directors and employees should consider material includes, but is not limited to, dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, and extraordinary management developments.


Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business. For example, a newspaper reporter could be guilty of insider trading for dis- closing dates upon which stories on various companies would appear in the newspaper and whether those stories would be favorable or not. Since those stories were expected to affect the market price of the securities of those companies and the details of the stories were not broadly known, the information was material and non-public.


The information must be of a precise nature relating to the issuer of financial instruments that has not yet been made public that, if it were to be publicized, would be expected to have a significant price impact. In other words, the information or event must have actually occurred or is reason- ably expected to occur and is also specific enough that a reasonable person would believe it would have a significant effect on the market prices of financial instruments or derivative instruments.


3. What is Non-Public Information?

Information is non-public until it has been effectively communicated to the market place. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public. For example, information found in a publicly available report filed with a regulator or appearing in a publication of general circulation like a newspaper or on-line news source would be considered public.


4. Penalties for Insider Trading

Penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if they do not personally benefit from the violation. In addition to reputational damage, penalties can include damages, disgorgement of profits, fines, and jail sentences. In addition to penalties from government law enforcement agencies, any involvement in insider trading violations can be expected to result in serious sanctions by Western Asset, including dismissal of the persons involved.


PROCEDURES

The following procedures have been established to aid Western Asset and Firm personnel in avoiding insider trading.


1.

Identifying Inside Information

Before trading in client or personal accounts, Western Asset personnel should consider whether they have information regarding a company that may be both material and non-public:


i.

Is the information material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in making his or her investment decisions? Is this information that would substantially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed?

ii.

Is the information non-public? To whom has this information been provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the mar- ketplace through publications of general circulation?


If information in your possession is likely material and non-public, or if you have questions as to whether the information is material and non-public, you should take the following steps:


a.

Report the matter immediately to your immediate supervisor and the Legal and Compliance Department. Do not discuss or communicate the information with anyone inside or outside Western Asset.

b.

Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others.


If the information is confirmed to be material non-public information by the Legal and Compliance Department, you will be advised that you may not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others. If not, no further action will be taken.


If you are unsure of whether information is material or non-public or what actions are permitted or prohibited, you must consult the Legal and Compliance Department before taking further action.


2.

Restricting Access to Material Non-Public Information

Information in your possession that is material and non-public may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within Western Asset except as provided above. In addition, care should be taken so that such information should be sealed; access to computer files containing non-public infor- mation should be restricted.


Supervision

Prevention and detection of insider trading involve all personnel, including those in supervisory roles.


1. Prevention of Insider Trading

To prevent insider trading, department supervisors and/or the Legal and Compliance Department will:


i.

review on a regular basis and update as necessary Western Asset’s policy and procedures;

ii.

familiarize Western Asset personnel with Firm policy and procedures on a regular basis, be available to answer questions and resolve issues of whether information received constitutes material and non-public information;

iii.

obtain a certification of understanding and compliance from each new hire at inception of employment and from each employee on an annual basis;

iv.

when necessary, implement measures and take appropriate action to prevent dissemination of material non-public information and restrict associated trading in relevant securities.


2. Detection of Insider Trading

To detect insider trading, Western Asset supervisory personnel or the Legal and Compliance Department will monitor personal trading activity of Firm staff in personal and client accounts.


3. Restricted List

Based on the Legal and Compliance Department’s determination that the acquired information constitutes material non-public information, the Legal and Compliance Department will determine whether to add or remove an issuer and/or specific securities to Western Asset’s Restricted List. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains more specific desktop procedures to govern specific workflow tasks.





4. Compliance Controls

The Restricted List is monitored and updated as needed by a member of the Portfolio Compliance team, including coding to mitigate the risk of a trade in a restricted name. The Restricted List is also posted on the Firm’s intranet for personal trading purposes. Restrictions may be lifted or waived at the discretion of the Legal and Compliance Department where prudent, such as when a client gives an instruction to take an action.


 

Reportng Criminal Conduct & Fit and Proper Requirements

 

Background

U.S.SECregulationsgoverningthesaleofmutualfundsdonotallowinvestmentadvisersthatmanageU.S.mutualfundstoemployindividualswho, withinthe last 10 years, have been charged with or convicted of any criminal or civil offence involving the purchase or sale of any security arising out ofapersons’conductasanunderwriter,broker,dealer,investmentadviser,municipalsecuritiesdealer,governmentsecuritiesbroker,government securities dealer, bank, or transfer agent. The regulations also prohibit the investment adviser to U.S. mutual funds from employing any person, who due to any misconduct, has been permanently or temporarily suspended by order, judgment, or decree of any court from being involved in the securitiesindustryinthecapacitypreviouslylisted.

 


 

POLICY

All Western Asset employees must report criminal or civil charges and/or convictions as well as any legal proceedings that involve their conduct in the financial services industry as detailed above, including any charges and/or convictions that arise from any previous affiliation with another financial institution.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset employees have a duty to report to their department head, the Human Resources Department or the Legal and Compliance Department, matters, as detailed below, arising during the course of an employee’s tenure with Western Asset as a result of conduct here or at a prior institution as soon as they are aware of them. The following must be reported:


1.

Any criminal charges or convictions, including those involving the purchase or sale of any security arising out of their conduct as an underwriter, broker, dealer, investment adviser, municipal securities dealer, government securities broker, government securities dealer, bank, or transfer agent.


2.

Any misconduct that has resulted in the employee being permanently or temporarily suspended by order, judgment, or decree of any court from being involved in the securities industry in the capacity previously listed.


3.

Any legal actions where the employees integrity or honesty has been impugned. For example, such actions may involve allegations of fraud, theft, or perjury.


On an annual basis, all employees will be asked to certify that they have not been charged/convicted of any criminal or civil charges and/or involved in any proceeding as detailed above. At the time of hire, Human Resources will conduct a full background check of new employees prior to them arriving on site. If an employee becomes an ineligible person or Western Asset discovers that prior checks failed to identify the person as ineligible, the Firm will promptly seek to remedy such situations through various means such as: (1) termination, (2) seeking a waiver from applicable regulatory bodies, or (3) such other means as may be available.

Custody of Client Assets

Custody of Client Assets



POLICY

Western Asset does not intend to maintain physical custody of client assets. However, under the provisions of Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act, Western Asset is deemed to have custody of client’s assets if: i) Western Asset, upon client instruction, has the ability to deduct client’s fees directly from a custodian account or ii) Western Asset’s acts as Adviser and Managing Member for pooled investment vehicles. Western Asset’s policy is not to directly deduct client fees from a client’s custodian account. However, as Western Asset acts as adviser and managing member for pooled investment vehicles, the Firm is deemed to have custody of client assets and as such must comply with the provisions of Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act.


DEFINITION OF CUSTODY

The term “custody” is defined as “holding, directly or indirectly, client funds or securities, or having any authority to obtain possession of them. Custody includes:


a. Possession of client funds or securities, (but not of checks drawn by clients and made payable to third parties,) unless you receive them inad- vertently and you return them to the sender promptly but in any case within three business days of receiving them;





b. Any arrangement (including a general power of attorney) under which you are authorized or permitted to withdraw client funds or securities maintained with a custodian upon your instruction to the custodian; and


c. Any capacity (such as general partner of a limited partnership, managing member of a limited liability company or a comparable position for another type of pooled investment vehicle, or trustee of a trust) that gives you or your supervised person legal ownership of or access to client funds or securities.”


QUALIFIED CUSTODIANS

Western Asset, as an Adviser deemed to have custody of client’s assets, must maintain the client’s funds with qualified custodians in an account either in the client’s name or in the adviser’s name as agent or trustee for its clients. “Qualified Custodians” are defined under the rule to include banks and savings associations, registered broker-dealers, registered futures commission merchants and foreign financial institutions that customar- ily hold financial assets.


NOTICE TO CLIENTS

If Western Asset opens an account with a qualified custodian on a client’s behalf either under the client’s name or under Western Asset’s name as agent (inclusive of accounts opened for pooled investment vehicles), the Firm is required to notify the client (and its investors in the case of a Western sponsored private fund) in writing of the qualified custodian’s name, address, and the manner in which the funds or securities are maintained, promptly when the account is opened and following any changes to this information.


QUARTERLY ACCOUNT STATEMENTS

For those accounts for which Western Asset has been deemed to have custody, Western Asset must have a reasonable belief that the qualified custodian delivers quarterly account statements directly to those clients. If clients do not receive account statements directly from the qualified custodian, Western Asset must continue sending quarterly statements to its clients and undergo an annual surprise examination by an independent public accountant to verify the clients’ assets.


For purposes of delivery of account statements with respect to pooled investment vehicles for which Western Asset acts a general partner, manag- ing member or in a similar capacity, quarterly accounts statements must directly be sent to the investors in the pool unless: i) the vehicle is audited at least annually and ii) the Firm distributes the vehicles audited financial statements, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, to all limited partners (or members or other beneficial owners) within 120 days of the end of the vehicles fiscal year.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset is deemed to have custody due to its role as a managing member/sponsor of pooled investment vehicles. The Firm’s Investment Operations Group is responsible for ensuring that account statements are delivered to investors in the pool, monthly reconciliations are completed, and ensuring that the vehicle is audited annually under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and that financial statements are distributed to all limited partners within 120 days of the end of the vehicles fiscal year, including financial statements for other vehicles in which a pooled investment vehicle may invest.


Western Asset’s Investment Operations Group conducts reconciliations between Western Asset’s books and records and those of client custodians or the custodian of pooled vehicles for which the Firm acts as a managing member/sponsor. In addition, Western Asset’s compliance monitoring program will include custody as an element in order to verify whether the Firm has custody of client assets and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

Termination of Client Accounts

Termination of Client Accounts



Each client will have the right to terminate his or her advisory agreement upon written notice, although the specific terms of the contract arrangement with each client may vary. If advisory fees are billed in arrears for services previously rendered, client accounts will be charged for earned but unpaid advisory services prorated on a daily basis at the same rate as that used to determine their quarterly advisory fee. Any pre-paid advisory fees will be prorated to the date of termination and any unearned advisory fees will be promptly returned to the client.

 

 

 

List of Authorized Persons

 

Background

In order to facilitate trading and the settlement of such trades, an investment adviser is often required by brokers and custodian banks to provide proof that the person from whom they are receiving instructions is, in fact, authorized to provide the instructions. Similarly, an investment adviser is often required to provide proof that the signer of a contract or a check is authorized to act in tha tcapacity.


 

POLICY

Western Asset shall maintain lists of persons authorized to give instructions on behalf of Western Asset or its clients to brokers, dealers, custodians and other third parties. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains the trading and legal authority lists and Investment Operations maintains the settlement and clearing list. The lists are reviewed and updated regularly. The lists shall include persons authorized to trade securities, administer the settlement of such trades and designate persons who are authorized to obligate the Firm contractually or financially.


PROCEDURES

All requests to alter in any way the list of authorized signers shall be communicated to the Legal and Compliance or Investment Operations Department, as appropriate. Once the proper authority is provided, the Legal and Compliance Department shall update the document to in some instances include specimen signatures of new persons added to the list. Once completed, the updated lists shall be posted on COMPASS and provided upon request to brokers and custodian banks.


(Note: the electronic lists, including the specimen signatures contained therein, are maintained in a security-protected folder.)


Trading Authority Lists

Approval from the Firm’s CIO, Deputy CIO or Director of Portfolio Operations is required in order to grant trading authorization to any person.


Once approval has been granted and the list has been updated, the Legal and Compliance Department shall communicate such approval to Trade Support, who will authorize the Technology Support Group (TSG) to set up new traders in Global Data Repository. Trades will not be posted in Advanced Trading Platform until TSG has completed this task.


The Legal and Compliance Department will provide a copy of the list upon request to brokers in hard copy or write protected electronic format.


Settlement and Clearing Authority List

Approval from a manager or supervisor must be provided for individuals to be added to the list for the specific purpose of the clearing and settlement of transactions on behalf of Western Asset. The list will be made available to bank custodians in hard copy or write protected electronic format upon request.


Legal Authority List

Approval from an Officer of the Firm must be provided for individuals to be added to the list for the specific purpose of gaining authority to obligate the Firm contractually or financially.


Removal from the Lists

An authorized signer will be removed from the list if they are terminated or if they transfer to a new position in the Firm that does not require they retain signing authority.

Complaints, Material Events, Litigation, and Regulatory Matters

Compaints, Material Events, Litigation, and Regulatory Matters



POLICY

All employees must notify the Legal and Compliance Department of any material complaints, material events, threatened or initiated litigation or arbitra- tion proceedings and non-routine correspondence or process received from any federal, state or foreign regulator. This includes matters involving legal documents, regulatory inquiries, client related matters and legal issues regarding the securities we purchase. To the extent possible, any client complaint should be resolved promptly.


A material complaint is any oral or written complaint that (a) alleges negligence, mismanagement, or fraud; or (b) demands monetary compensation. Complaints of an administrative nature (e.g. failure to deliver statements) are not material client complaints. Material events are circumstances or situations regarding clients, the staff or the firm’s investment or business activities that may lead to a conclusion of negligence, mismanagement, fraud or demand for monetary compensation.


Western Asset’s Legal and Compliance Department will maintain a log of such complaints to document the action reported, and the Firm’s response to such action. The Legal and Compliance Department will monitor the log to ensure that all necessary actions are taken in a timely manner.


The Legal and Compliance Department will notify the Franklin Resources Legal and Compliance Department upon the receipt of (a) a material client com- plaint or event if there is an allegation of negligence, mismanagement or fraud or if there is a demand for monetary compensation in excess of $500,000;

(b)

threatened or initiated litigation or arbitration proceedings; and (c) any non-routine correspondence or process received from any federal, state or foreign regulator. Notice shall also be made for any other matter of significance that should be brought to the attention of senior management of Franklin Resources . that is not otherwise required to be reported under this policy.


Under no circumstances may an employee appear at trial, arbitration or deposition, produce documents or other information, or discuss any business- related matter with any representative of a governmental or self-regulatory agency or outside attorney, without the prior authorization of the Legal and Compliance Department.





Cient Investment Guidelines



Background

An investment adviser is contractually obligated to manage all client portfolios in compliance with their stated investment guidelines and consis- tent with regulatory requirements.




POLICY

At the initiation of each new client relationship, Western Asset shall work with the client to clearly establish the client’s investment objectives, guide- lines and limitations. This information should be in writing and should be maintained in the client’s file. The Legal and Compliance, Risk Management and Investment Management Departments are responsible for establishing and maintaining continuous monitoring systems to identify whether accounts are managed in accordance with their client guidelines, fund prospectus, regulatory and state regulations, and any and all other governing instruments.


The Client Service Department is responsible for communicating all guideline revisions or additions to the Legal and Compliance Department. Guideline revisions will be promptly incorporated into the established monitoring systems.


If a breach of guidelines or regulatory requirement is identified, the Legal and Compliance Department must notify the appropriate parties and docu- ment the resolution or actions taken to remedy the matter. The Client Service Department is notified to facilitate timely client or board of director notifications, if appropriate or required.


PROCEDURES

The Firm utilizes the following approach to ensure that investments are made in accordance with client and regulatory guidelines:


Account Start-Up:

1.

If available, the Global Account Transitions team will provide draft guidelines for new accounts to the Legal and Compliance Department. A member of the Start Up Integration Team (SUIT) will review the guidelines and other governing documents to determine whether further clarity is required or restrictions exist which cannot be monitored in an automated manner. All issues are communicated to the Client Service Department for follow-up with the client.

2.

For every new account, the Legal and Compliance Department will complete a new account checklist to ensure that all necessary steps have been taken to incorporate the account into the ongoing monitoring program. This process ensures that account guidelines have been docu- mented in the Firm’s guideline matrix and that rules have been properly coded into the Firm’s compliance systems.

3.

A member of the Start-Up Integration Team of the Portfolio Compliance Group will review the new account checklist to ensure that proper steps have been completed.


Review of Trades on Trade Date:

1.

All trades (buys and sells) are analyzed by the Pre-trade Compliance team for guideline compliance with the exception of maintenance trades. Western Asset’s primary compliance tool is Compliance Service (“CS”), the Firm’s proprietary compliance system. The Firm also uses a variety of other systems. The process is as follows:

a.

Portfolio Management or Trade Support sends an electronic copy of their trade via ATP and CS to the compliance workbench. Certain restrictions are hard blocked in the system which auto-rejects to the desk before going to the workbench if deemed impermissible.

b.

Compliance Officer processes the trade through the Compliance Workbench to identify any guideline issues.

c.

Electronically communicate results of pre-trade back to Portfolio Management or Trade Support.


2.

The Firm employs one of two different intra-day checks depending on the facts and circumstances. In either case, exceptions identified are reviewed for validity and escalated to Portfolio Management or Trade Support for resolution. While the Firm may adjust particular aspects of workflow, the two general approaches are:

a.

Batch checks run during the day - Pre-Trade Compliance Officer reviews automated trading rules that alerted due to booked trades throughout the day.

b.

Secondary checks on a trade-by-trade basis may also be conducted by a separate Compliance Officer or supervisor.


Daily Account Review for Guideline Issues:

1.

Nightly batch cycles automatically run to reconcile positon data between the trading and account systems to adjust for market value fluctua- tions and rating changes.

2.

Compliance Officers review CS exception reports for their assigned accounts to check for any guideline or regulatory breaches. (Issues may re- sult from a variety of items including previous day trading activity, account market value fluctuations, security data attribute changes, guideline changes, etc.).

3.

If the breach is valid, the Compliance Officer is to follow the error policy for appropriate handling.

4.

Compliance Officer is responsible for tracking the violation for timely resolution.





Monthly Account Review (optional at the discretion of Portfolio Compliance):

1.

Compliance Officers review the CS Portfolio Compliance Summary report for their respective accounts. The Compliance Officer analyzes this report as a back-up review for the pre-trade, post-trade and daily batch report reviews. They look for items such as automated non-compliance restrictions, manual rules, etc.

2.

Research to validate any potential issues identified and documented.

3.

If a breach is valid, the Compliance Officer is to follow the Error Policy for appropriate handling.

4.

Compliance Officer is responsible for tracking the violation for timely resolution.


Guideline Changes:

1.

The Global Account Transitions team is responsible for notifying Legal and Compliance of changes to account guidelines.

2.

Where applicable, Compliance Officers responsible for the account being changed will ensure the appropriate systems are updated.

3.

Compliance Officer will notify members in Client Service and Legal and Compliance Department that the changes have been implemented into the monitoring program.


Mutual Funds:

1.

In addition to the above procedures, Compliance Officers will complete an additional review of all registered investment vehicles, either month- ly or quarterly, to ensure their compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements and governing instrument restrictions.

2.

Issues identified, if any, are reported to Portfolio Management for resolution and to the Client Service Department in case such issues need be reported to the clients or to the client’s Board of Directors.

3.

Compliance Officer is responsible for tracking violations for timely resolution.

4.

Compliance Officers also conduct an annual review for all open-end and closed-end US mutual funds.


In light of the complexities of guidelines, tools and workflows, the Legal and Compliance Department may adapt, adjust and/or augment the controls described above to effectively and efficiently monitor client guidelines. The procedures described above are not intended to be an exhaustive inven- tory or description of all the controls that may be employed and the manner of their use.

 

 

Proxy Voting

Background

An investment adviser is required to adopt and implement policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities have been established for ERISAaccounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the investment manager.


 


POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.


While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by- case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).


In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Franklin Resources (Franklin Resources includes Franklin Resources, Inc. and organizations operating as Franklin Resources) or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.


PROCEDURES

Responsibility and Oversight

The Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gather- ing of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Operations (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio manag- ers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.


Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.


Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.


Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:


a.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

b.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

c.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

d.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

e.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recom- mended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

f.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indi- cated in the proxy materials.


Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.


Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:


a.

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

b.

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

c.

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

d.

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests

e.

A proxy log including:

1.

Issuer name;

2.

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

3.

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

4.

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

5.

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

6.

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

7.

A record of how the vote was cast; and

8.

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.


Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.


Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the Firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.


Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:


1. Whether Western Asset (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;





2. Whether Western Asset or an officer or director of Western Asset or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and


3. Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.


Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.


Situations can arise in which more than one Western Asset client invests in instruments of the same issuer or in which a single client may invest in instruments of the same issuer but in multiple accounts or strategies. Multiple clients or the same client in multiple accounts or strategies may have different investment objectives, investment styles, or investment professionals involved in making decisions. While there may be differences, votes are always cast in the best interests of the client and the investment objectives agreed with Western Asset. As a result, there may be circumstances where Western Asset casts different votes on behalf of different clients or on behalf of the same client with multiple accounts or strategies.


Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.


I. Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset gener- ally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:


1. Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions

a.

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

b.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received com- pensation from the company other than for service as a director.

c.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

d.

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.


2. Matters relating to Executive Compensation

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:


a.

Except where the Firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

b.

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

c.

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

d.

Except where the Firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.


3. Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market condi- tions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.


a.

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

b.

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

c.

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.





4. Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.


5. Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:


a.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

b.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.


6. Other Business Matters

Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the ap- pointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.


a.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

b.

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.


7. Reporting of Financially Material Information

Western Asset generally believes issuers should disclose information that is material to their business. This principle extends to Environmental, Social and Governance matters. What qualifies as “material” can vary, so votes are cast on a case by case basis but consistent with the overarching principle.


II. Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:


1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

3. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the Firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.


Environmental or social issues that are the subject of a proxy vote will be considered on a case by case basis. Constructive proposals that seek to advance the health of the issuer and the prospect for risk-adjusted returns to Western Assets clients are viewed more favorably than proposals that advance a single issue or limit the ability of management to meet its operating objectives.


III. Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines:


1. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

2. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.


IV. Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.


1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation commit- tees.

3. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the com- pany is incorporated.

4. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.





V. Environmental, Social and Governance Matters

Western Asset considers ESG matters as part of the overall investment process. The Firm seeks to identify and consider material risks to the investment thesis, including material risks presented by ESG factors. While Western Asset is primarily a fixed income manager, opportunities to vote proxies are con- sidered on the investment merits of the instruments and strategies involved.


As a general proposition, Western Asset votes to encourage disclosure of information material to their business. This principle extends to Environmental, Social and Governance matters. What qualifies as “material” can vary, so votes are cast on a case by case basis but consistent with the overarching prin- ciple. Western Asset recognizes that objective standards and criteria may not be available or universally agreed and that there may be different views and subjective analysis regarding factors and their significance.


As a general matter, Western Asset votes to encourage management and governance practices that enhance the strength of the issuer, build value for investors, and mitigate risks that might threaten their ability to operate and navigate competitive pressures.


Targeted environmental or social issues that are the subject of a proxy vote will be considered on a case by case basis. Constructive proposals that seek to advance the health of the issuer and the prospect for risk-adjusted returns to Western Assets clients are viewed more favorably than proposals that advance a single issue or limit the ability of management to meet its operating objectives.


Western Asset’s engagement process is aligned with the principles of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and engages with issuers on the principles enshrined within it. Some of these issues include, but are not restricted to, Climate Risk and Environmental Management, Diversity and Development of Talent, Human Rights and Supply Chain Management, Product Safety and Security, Transparency in Reporting and Governance and Corporate Management As such, Western Asset seeks to integrate ESG principles into investment analysis where applicable and consistent with the Firm’s fiduciary duties. Although bondholders possess very different legal rights than shareholders, Western Asset believes it can impact ESG practices given its role in determining issuers’ cost of debt capital. By reinforcing the linkage between ESG practices and the cost of capital in meetings with issues, Western Asset seeks to guide issuers to improve their behavior around material ESG issues. Proxy voting practices reflect these priorities.


Situations can arise in which different clients and strategies have explicit ESG objectives beyond generally taking into account material ESG risks. Votes may be cast for such clients with the ESG objectives in mind. Votes involving ESG proposals that are not otherwise addressed in this policy will be voted on a case-by-case basis consistent with the Firm’s fiduciary duties to its clients, the potential consequences to the investment thesis for that issuer, and the specific facts and circumstances of each proposal.


RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS


For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary. Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager.


In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (a) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (b) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.

Corporate Actions




POLICY

Western Asset must pay strict attention to any corporate actions that are taken with respect to issuers whose securities are held in client accounts. For example, Western Asset must review any tender offers, rights offerings, etc., made in connection with securities owned by clients. Western Asset must also act in a timely manner and in the best interest of each client with respect to any such corporate actions.





Privacy



Background

Regulation S-P requires every financial institution including investment advisers to develop and disclose to individuals the financial institution’s policies and practices regarding the collection, sharing, and safeguarding of consumer nonpublic personal information.

Regulation S-P only applies to customers of a registered investment adviser which are natural persons who obtain a financial product or service that is to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, or that individual’s legal representative. It does not apply to institutional clients, corporations, limited liability companies, trusts, general or limited partnerships, associations, or similar organizations.




POLICY

Western Asset must notify individual clients of the Firm’s Privacy Policy, detailing the Firm’s practices regarding disclosure of non-public information prior to entering into a relationship with the client and on an annual basis If an individual is investing in a Western Asset pooled investment vehicle, then such vehicle’s Privacy Policy also must be disclosed initially and annually.


Western Asset may combine the privacy notice with the Firm’s Form ADV that is provided to clients prior to the establishment of the investment manage- ment relationship and on an annual basis. If included with the Form ADV, the notice will be clear and conspicuous to ensure it effectively communicates the information a client needs in order to make an informed choice about the privacy of their information. So long as the client agrees, annual delivery of the Privacy Policy may also be satisfied by posting a copy of the Firm’s current Privacy Policy on each individual client’s Western Asset account web page.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset’s Global Account Transitions team will provide prospective clients with the Firm’s Privacy Policy as part of the delivery of Form ADV prior to the finalization of the client’s investment management agreement.


The Client Service Department is responsible for providing each client with a copy of the Privacy Policy on an annual basis either by posting it clearly and conspicuously on the client’s portal (if the client has agreed) or via delivery of the Form ADV.

Client Confidentiality: Safeguarding Client Information




Background

In order to comply with Regulation S-P (Privacy of Consumer Financial Information) and to protect the interests of the Firm and its clients, Western Asset has developed internal controls to ensure that logical and physical access to computer systems, programs, data, client information, and sensi- tive utilities is limited to properly authorized personnel.



POLICY

Western Asset collects a variety of personal nonpublic information about its clients. As a matter of policy, Western Asset will not disclose nonpublic personal information, except as permitted by applicable law or regulation or as described below. Western Asset may share client information with others in order to process a transaction or service a client’s account. Western Asset may also be obligated to disclose nonpublic personal information if required by the Securities and Exchange Commission or other federal or state regulatory agencies. We may also provide the client information to companies that perform marketing or administrative services on our behalf, such as printing and mailing, or to other financial institutions with whom we have joint marketing agreements. We will require these companies to protect the confidentiality of our client’s information and to use it only to perform the services for which they were engaged. We will not supply any client’s personal information to third parties for their marketing purposes.


Client information and Firm proprietary information is confidential and belongs to Western Asset. Such information, including technology, product development and other ideas, must never be sold or otherwise passed on to persons outside Western Asset except to share information where we have contracted with a third party to conduct certain business purposes and services. The Firm has adopted these policies and procedures to:


Ensure security and confidentiality of client records and information;


Protect against potential hazards to the security or integrity of client records or information;


Protect against unauthorized access or use of client records or information.


Client information must never be disclosed to a person outside the Firm without confirmation that the person requesting the information has been verified and information internally should be shared on a need to know basis.


With respect to Western Asset’s internal security procedures, we must maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards that comply with federal standards to help protect our clients’ nonpublic personal information.





In an effort to maintain a secure environment, Western Asset addresses reasonably foreseeable internal and external threats that could result in unauthorized disclosures, misuses, alterations or destruction of client information. Western Asset will protect sensitive information and systems, via communications to employees, operating a controlled environment where access to said information and systems is limited to appropriate and autho- rized personnel, and Western Asset will monitor these controls to ensure they are effectively preventing potential threats or breaches in data security.


PROCEDURES

System level access guidelines are documented in the Western Asset Employee Handbook (the “Handbook”) and in the Computer/Electronic Media Agreement Policy (the “Media Policy”). New employees are provided with the Handbook and the Media Policy at the time of hire. Each employee must acknowledge receipt of the Handbook and sign the Media Policy.


Employees are assigned Network ID’s and must protect their work PC’s with a personal password. Access to internal systems is granted only as needed. Department managers communicate to IT Application Administrators which applications new employees should be given access to. Access is assigned according to job responsibilities.


The Firm also employs application level protection by requiring user ID’s and passwords to gain access to system applications where client information is kept, those systems include CS and InvestOne. Where necessary and appropriate to job function, employees are provided with user ID’s for these systems. Upon termination, Human Resources will update the employee’s status in the Firm’s HRIS (Human Resources Information System – Ultipro/ UKG) as “terminated” with an end date which feeds the Firm’s provisioning system IIQ (Sailpoint)IIQ then revokes access to Western Asset systems and applications as well as notify the appropriate parties to remove building access.


Electronic records are maintained on the Firm’s Network. Daily back-ups are done of all Network drives, including email files and as such are reasonably safeguarded from loss, alteration, or destruction. Each department maintains electronic files on the network drive permitting easy access to properly authorized persons and, as requested, to regulatory examiners. Legible, true and complete electronic copies of non-electronic originals are also main- tained on the Firm’s Network. Such documents are maintained in a “read only” format preventing alteration. Upon termination, the department man- ager is required to notify Human Resources, who will invoke the procedure noted above to ensure that access privileges for the terminated employee are revoked in a timely manner in order to prevent access to the building premises, system network, and applications.


Western Asset randomly scans and audits all computer systems including: servers, desktops, and email accounts relating to the business. From time to time, Western Asset will utilize automated software in monitoring sites visited by employees on the Internet, monitoring chat groups and newsgroups and for reviewing material downloaded or uploaded by employee users of the Internet. Similarly, records of emails are retained and are subject to pe- riodic review and audit.


There are in place, access restrictions to the physical locations containing proprietary and client information. The Firm’s building employs a security guard 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. All employees must present electronic key cards during the hours of operation and employee’s, who visit the build- ing after hours, as well as guests to the building, must sign in with the guard desk. Key cards are also required for movement throughout the building.


All hardware removal requires pre-authorized written clearance and computer servers are maintained in a locked climate controlled room at all times. Western Asset’s back up servers are located in a remote location. For additional information regarding the measures in place to protect against destruc- tion, loss or damage of client information due to potential physical hazards, such as fire and water damage or technological failures, please refer to the Firm’s Business Continuity Plan.


Western Asset maintains a variety of practices designed to facilitate the disposal of non-public personal information such as locked shred boxes, shred- ders available for staff use, and relevant information technology security protocols.



INFORMATION SECURITY


Western Asset maintains an Information Security Management System (ISMS) program to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information belonging to the Firm, its clients and affiliates. The structure of Western Asset’s approach is based upon the guidelines provided by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001.


ISMS Purpose

The purpose of Western Asset’s ISMS program is to protect the confidentiality, availability and integrity of the information we manage. Western Asset defines information security broadly as the protection of print, electronic, or any other form of confidential, private and sensitive information or data from unauthorized access, misuse, disclosure, destruction, modification, or disruption. The scope of the ISMS incorporates cybersecurity (specifically referring to the protection of information in computers, networks and electronic data), physical security (specifically referring to the protection of information in hard copy form or preventing unwanted physical access to Western Asset’s information assets) and human resources (specifically refer- ring to the hiring, management and termination of resources that ultimately handle and utilize the Firm’s information). Western Asset’s ISMS applies to all business areas as information assets are stored, managed and utilized across all aspects of Western Asset’s business. Western Asset has offices around the globe that also are subject to the ISMS given our global integrated business model. Finally, for select vendors that have limited access to Western Asset’s information assets, those vendors will be evaluated as part of the risk assessment process using Western Asset’s ISMS as a baseline.





ISMS Policy

Western Asset is committed to the protection and privacy of data belonging to our clients, partners and employees. In order to secure the information assets entrusted to us, Western Asset has adopted an ISMS program that is based on industry guidance and practices, and is comprised of corporate governance, security controls and cybersecurity tools. Given the ever changing nature of threats to information security, Western Asset intends to con- tinue to keep abreast of new regulatory and industry security guidance, while continuing to invest in cybersecurity tools throughout the organization.


ISMS Objectives

Western Asset’s ISMS objectives are founded upon protecting the privacy of data belonging to our clients, partners and employees. This includes ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and availability of this data is secured, monitored and responded to in the event of compromise. Western Asset strives to maintain a current ISMS program that is reviewed in light of changes to our business, threats and security landscape. Western Asset maintains a variety of frameworks to address particular information security control areas based upon guidelines from ISO/IEC 27001:2013, NIST SP 800-53 and other standards.


ISMS Requirements

The information security team interacts and collaborates with other departments to understand the information security requirements of the Firm, keeping the needs of our clients, partners, counterparties, employees and regulators in mind as the ISMS focuses on security requirements. Specific requirements with regard to the security of new or changed systems or services are also to be considered during respective system projects.


ISMS Alignment to Risk Management

Western Asset views information security as one organizational risk that the Firm must manage. Western Asset’s Enterprise Risk Management Framework (ERM) utilizes a risk based approach to assess and prioritize risks, in conjunction with senior management, in light of Western Asset’s overall risk profile. The information security program leverages the ERM risk assessment model to conduct an information security risk assessment to identify and evaluate key information security risks facing the Firm. The information security program also conducts separate vendor risk assessments on those vendors that may pose an information security risk to the Firm.


Management Commitment

Western Asset’s information security program employs a top down and bottom up process to manage the information security risks to the Firm. Western Asset’s senior management is committed to the establishment, implementation, operation, monitoring, review, maintenance, and improve- ment of the Firm’s ISMS. The Information Security Committee (ISC), which reports to the Firm’s Operations Committee, is comprised of senior manage- ment who are involved in setting security strategy and direction. This includes activities such as ensuring that resources are allocated to implement and operate the ISMS program, and that employees have the proper training, awareness, and skills to perform their duties. This also includes the establishment of information security policies that are kept up to date and made available to the Firm’s personnel, the establishment of information security objectives and plans, the definition of information security roles and responsibilities throughout the Firm and the establishment of informa- tion security updates throughout the Firm that is communicated through regular notifications, intranet banners and mandatory information security awareness training. Western Asset specifically budgets for information security as a part of its annual budgeting process. Annual information security spending is intended to incorporate investments in the information security program, controls, tools and a dedicated information security team, which is responsible for implementing these tools, managing day to day security activity and monitoring and responding to security threats within and external to Western Asset.


Human Resources

All Western Asset employees are subject to Western Asset’s compliance policies, standards of conduct and Human Resources policies. Staff are reminded of their obligation to safeguard the assets of the Firm and its clients, which is reinforced through ongoing training, intranet updates and policies and procedures. All Western Asset employees undergo background checks and screenings prior to onboarding, and are required to undergo a series of training courses and acknowledgements. Formal compliance training is to be conducted annually and regular information security aware- ness training is mandatory for all employees. Employees are also to be made aware of their security obligations after termination of the employment relationship. Employees who violate their information security obligations are subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination.



Anti-Money Laundering and Sanctions

Background

“Money laundering” is the process by which criminals attempt to conceal the true origin and ownership of proceeds of their criminal activities (activitiessuchasdrugtrafficking,terrorism,extortion,theft,criminaldeception)sothattheunlawfulproceedsappeartohavebeenderivedfrom legitimate origins or constitute legitimate assets. Money laundering often involves sophisticated and elaborate techniques in an effort to obscure theorigin of funds procured through criminal activity. Often assets may be moved from an account at one financial institution to another in an effort tolaunderfundsandconvertthemtolegitimateactivities.

There are a number of laws regulating financial institutions responsibilities as they relate to money laundering including the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001(“USAPATRIOTAct”), Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970. Regulations under these laws have been in a period of significant change for the last few years. Current Anti-Money Laundering regulations do not cover investment advisers though there is proposed legislation to include them in the future. Western Asset’s Compliance Department will monitor changes in the regulations and adopt policies and procedures as required to ensure compliance.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the proliferation of weapons of massdestruction.TheOFACregulationsimposecontrolsontransactionsandfreezeforeignassetsunderUSjurisdiction.Aspartoftheirmandate, OFAC maintains a list of “Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons” (“SDNs”) with whom U.S. persons may not transact business.



POLICY

Western Asset has designed and adopted the following risk-based policies and procedures (the “Sanctions Policy”) in order to comply with OFAC-related laws, as well as all other global regulatory requirements, and sanctions and embargoes applicable to its business in the jurisdictions where it operates.


Sanctions and embargoes are political trade restrictions put in place against target countries, entities or individuals with the aim of changing behaviors, improving the situation in that country, and/or restoring international peace and security. Sanctions can be imposed for a number of reasons and can take on different forms but are primarily applied as:


embargos on exporting or supplying arms, technical assistance, training and financing


bans on exporting equipment that might be used for internal repression


financial sanctions on individuals in government, government bodies and associated companies, or terrorist groups and individuals associated with those groups


travel bans on named individuals


bans on imports of raw materials or goods from the sanctions target


As an investment firm, Western Asset is primarily concerned with financial sanctions. Financial sanctions can be comprehensive, including full prohibi- tion on transfer of funds to and from a sanctioned country, as well as the freezing of assets. They can also be more targeted such as targeted freezing of assets of individuals or entities.


REGULATORY OBLIGATIONS

Western Asset established procedures to monitor applicable sanctions with respect to prospects, existing clients and investment activities. Western Asset must comply with the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) of the US Department of the Treasury and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”).


Western Asset relies on its clients to inform the Firm of any sanctions applicable in jurisdictions where Western Asset does not carry out its operations, but may be applicable to its clients.


ESCALATION PROCEDURES

The Firm staff must escalate matters to the Chief Compliance Officer.


CLIENT AND PROSPECT RELATED SANCTIONS


Marketing Activities

Western Asset monitors the activities of its Client Service Executives (“CSEs”) and sales staff to ensure marketing activities are carried out in accordance with local regulatory requirements and to ensure there are no relevant sanctions in jurisdictions where marketing activity is carried out that require considerations. Western Asset performs country risk assessments which take into account any applicable sanctions. This provides a framework for CSE and sales staff activities, making sure that Western Asset does not market its services in countries impacted by sanctions.





New Clients

All new clients go through a client on-boarding process that involves working with the Client Service Executive to obtain client information and gain a detailed understanding of the nature and purpose of the proposed business relationship, the client’s needs and priorities and anticipated inflows and outflows of funds, in order to determine suitable investment parameters. The Global Account Transitions team (“GAT”) is charged with collecting the appropriate client documentation, as directed by the Legal and Compliance Department. At the start of a new account, a client is provided with a New Account Form by GAT which, amongst other things, requires the client to provide necessary information and documentation for the purposes of “know your client” assessment.


At a minimum, prior to onboarding a new client, the contracting party’s legal name is checked against OFAC’s Specifically Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons list (the “SDN List”).


Existing Clients

Once the client has been on-boarded, their information is reviewed periodically. The Legal and Compliance Department will compare their existing client base against the OFAC’s SDN List on a semi-annual basis.


In the instance that a sanctions regime is applied to an existing client of Western Asset, all activities must cease in relation to the client’s account. Trading prohibition is programed in Compliance Service (“CS”), the Firm’s proprietary compliance monitoring system. The Legal and Compliance Department is charged with assessing the extent of applicable sanctions, including impact on communication, trading as well as any administrative impact. The Legal and Compliance Department must also assess whether relevant authorities may need to be notified or waivers requested to carry out certain transactions. Any such requests must be documented and retained.


INVESTMENT RELATED SANCTIONS

Western Asset utilizes CS for monitoring adherence to account specific guidelines, regulatory requirements, and risk exposure limits. CS provides the ability to block trades directly in the Firm’s proprietary trading platform (“ATP”). This ability in turn provides stronger controls and reliable feedback to the Investment Team during the trade cycle as early as possible in order to avoid compliance issues. CS analyzes transactions in any combination of three modes: pre-trade, post-trade, and intra-day batch. By eliminating the need to manually verify holdings and trades, CS helps assure that portfolios are in compliance with client guidelines.


Western Asset utilizes CS capabilities to monitor for trades in sanctioned countries and entities. Applicable financial sanctions are programmed into CS which prevents purchases as well as sales of impacted government and corporate securities. The Legal and Compliance Department reviews sanc- tions lists on a periodic basis and at the time of any new developments. CS programming is adjusted to take into account any changes to sanctions applicable to investments being made by the Firm.


From time to time, Western Asset’s clients may require compliance with additional sanctions regimes. In such cases, Western Asset relies on the client to provide the relevant information, which is then programed in CS.


In the instance that a previously purchased security becomes subject to sanctions, the Legal and Compliance Department must assess the impact of the sanctions, whether notification is required to relevant authorities and whether a waiver for future transactions must be obtained. Any such requests must be documented and retained. Impacted clients must be notified in accordance with Western Asset’s Error Correction Policy.


TRAINING

All new employees are provided with introductory compliance training and annually thereafter. Training provides an opportunity for all employees to gain awareness of their obligations with respect to compliance in their role, as well as obligations in relation to financial crime. Additionally, on a periodic basis, Western Asset employees will receive training provided through Franklin Resources, Inc., Western Asset’s parent, which may cover, amongst number of different topics, training on bribery and corruption.


COMPLIANCE MONITORING

Compliance with the Sanctions Policy is monitored via the Firm’s Compliance Monitoring Program (“CMP”) which includes review of investment com- pliance breaches, financial crime, bribery and corruption, as well as client account opening and closing procedures. Any matters identified through the CMP are escalated to the Chief Compliance Officer.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)




POLICY

Western Asset serves as an investment advisor for a significant number of employee benefit plans. As investment advisor, ERISA law views Western Asset as a fiduciary of the plans we advise. ERISA establishes principles of fiduciary conduct and responsibility that are applicable to all persons who deal with certain employee benefit plans. ERISA not only provides standards for persons who are “fiduciaries” to employee benefit plans, but also expressly prohibits a wide range of transactions between a plan and any person who provides services to the plan. ERISA and Department of Labor regulations and administrative proceedings, however, also include a number of rulings and exemptions that permit transactions that would otherwise be prohibited under ERISA.





The Western Asset Compliance Manual highlights some of the more common ERISA issues encountered by our Firm. (In addition to this section, please refer to Trading Practices, Soft Dollars and Directed Brokerage and Proxy Voting).


Plans not subject to ERISA’s fiduciary responsibilities include: governmental or church plans; plans required under (worker’s) workman’s compensation laws; plans required under unemployment compensation or disability insurance laws; plans established or maintained outside the United States for the benefit of non-U.S. citizens; unfunded excess benefit plans; and certain agreements to provide payments to retired or deceased partners, or their successors in interest.


Staff members are cautioned that when dealing with an ERISA account care should be taken to ensure understanding of all ERISA requirements. All staff is encouraged to consult the Legal and Compliance Department for guidance.


PRUDENT EXPERT RULE

ERISA’s standard of prudence for plan fiduciaries is higher than the “prudent man” standard. Under ERISA, it is not sufficient for an investment manager to act with the prudence that an average person would display in similar circumstances. Rather, the investment manager must act with the prudence that another investment manager (i.e., an expert) would use under the same circumstances.


ERISA reflects a “total portfolio” approach whereby the prudence of a particular investment is judged based on the role the investment or strategy plays in the plan’s overall portfolio for which the fiduciary has responsibility. Prudence is measured by evaluating the process used by the fiduciary when making investment decisions for the plan. A fiduciary is deemed to have satisfied ERISA’s prudence standard for an investment or investment course of action if, in general, the fiduciary: (1) has given “appropriate consideration” to all factors that the fiduciary knows, or should know, are relevant to the particular investment or course of action; and (2) has acted accordingly.


ERISA requires that a fiduciary discharges its duties with respect to the plan solely in the interest of participants and beneficiaries. The Department of Labor has indicated that the fiduciary should determine that the proposed investment or investment course of action:


is reasonably designed as part of a portfolio (or, where applicable, the portion of the plan portfolio with respect to which the fiduciary has investment duties), to further the purposes of the plan, taking into consideration the risk of loss and the opportunity for gain (or other return) associated with the investment or investment course of action, and . . . consideration of the following factors as they relate to some portion of the portfolio:


i.

the composition of the portfolio with regard to diversification;


ii.

the liquidity and current return of the portfolio relative to the anticipated cash flow requirement of the plan; and


iii.

the projected return of the portfolio relative to the funding objectives of the plan.


INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATED COMMINGLED AND MUTUAL FUNDS

ERISA plans may invest in commingled funds for which a plan fiduciary or affiliate serves as an investment adviser if certain conditions are satisfied. These conditions include: (1) disclosure to a second, independent plan fiduciary of various information including fees paid by the fund and the plan and the reasons why the investment may be appropriate for the plan; (2) prior written authorization from the independent fiduciary; (3) no sales commission be paid by the plan on its fund shares; and (4) a reduction of the fees charged to the plan by the amount of investment advisory fees paid by the commingled fund on the plan assets invested in the fund.


If a Western Asset ERISA client intends to invest in an affiliated fund, the client must provide prior written authorization and arrangements must be made with the accounting department to ensure that the client is not double charged for investment management fees on the assets invested in the fund.


BONDING

In accordance with ERISA, Western Asset must obtain a fiduciary bond to protect each ERISA client against loss by reason of acts of fraud or dishonesty by Western Asset. Western Asset does not need a separate bond for each ERISA client; however, each ERISA client must be a named insured party under the bond. Western Asset may also obtain coverage under the ERISA employer’s fiduciary bond. This type of an arrangement, commonly known as an “agent’s rider” provides Western Asset with the necessary coverage.





FORM LM-10 REPORTING OBLIGATIONS


POLICY

Under regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Labor Western Asset must file a Form LM-10, a public report that requires the disclosure of certain gifts or payments to unions or union officials. Western Asset is required to track and report on Form LM-10 all payments, gifts, loans, or other financial arrangements made to unions and their officers, agents, shop stewards, employees or other representatives and union-appointed trustees of Taft-Hartley plans (“covered persons”) that aggregate (on an annual basis) over $250.00.


The DOL has included a de minimis exception under the LM-10 reporting obligation. Gifts that are otherwise reportable need not be reported if they are: (i) sporadic or occasional gifts, gratuities, or favors of insubstantial value (defined as having an aggregate value of $250.00 or less from a single employer to a single union or union official in a fiscal year, and (ii) given under circumstances and terms unrelated to the recipients’ status in a labor organization.


Western Asset’s Client Service employees may entertain and may provide gifts to covered persons. These employees must log and report such pay- ments and gifts and have been briefed by the Legal and Compliance Department regarding their LM-10 reporting obligations.


PROCEDURES

If required, the Regulatory Affairs Group of the Legal and Compliance Department will file the Firm’s LM-10 report by or before 90 days after the fiscal year end. Impacted Client Service employees shall be identified and shall be advised to keep copies of relevant records or ensure that others (such as the Travel and Expense Management Group) receive sufficient information regarding relevant expenditures relating to Taft-Hartley plans. In addition to gathering information from the Client Service employees, a member of the Regulatory Affairs Group will request the employees’ expense reports for the relevant period and will review them to ensure that no items have been inadvertently omitted from the Client Service employees’ documentation. Regulatory Affairs staff will also verify with Corporate Finance and Office Services whether any Taft-Hartley clients attended any Western Asset sponsored events and, if so, will allocate associated expenses accordingly.


Records must be maintained for five years and must include sufficient information to verify the accuracy and completeness of any LM-10 reports filed with the DOL.

 

 

Additional Regulatory Filings

 


 

Background

As a fixed income manager, Western Asset has few filing obligations under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ExchangeAct”). Additionally, there are reporting requirements under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, which are applicable to employees consid- ered to be “insiders” of certain closed-end funds and public companies. Western Asset is therefore required to file specified forms on behalf of its staff who are deemed to be insiders pursuant to the definitions contained under Section 16.

Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the US Treasury Department, Western Asset is required to file Large Position Reports with the Office of Public Debt (the “OPD”). The OPD issues press releases calling for Large Position Reports from those entities that control large positions in certain Treasury securities of a particular date equaled to or exceeding the $2 billion level. The OPD posts the notices on their website and sends them via email to impacted entities.


SECTION 13


POLICY

The Legal and Compliance Department in coordination with the Franklin Resources Legal and Compliance Department is responsible for monitoring and preparing the required filings.


Sections 13(d) and 13(g) of the Exchange Act require filing with the SEC if the firm, on behalf of its clients, beneficially owns, in the aggregate, more than five (5) percent of a class of a company’s voting equity securities.


Rule 13f-1 requires an investment manager which exercises discretion over accounts having an aggregate fair market value of at least $100 million of “13(f) securities” to file a report on Form 13F with the SEC within 45 days after the last day of each calendar quarter. The Legal and Compliance Department coordinates with the Franklin Resources Legal and Compliance Department on any information regarding such securities for reporting on Form 13F.


Section 13(f) securities are equity securities of a class described in Section 13(d)(1) of the Exchange Act that are admitted to trading on a national securities exchange or quoted on the automated quotation system of a registered securities association. In determining what classes of securities are Section 13(f) securities, an institutional investment manager may rely on the current list of such securities published by the SEC pursuant to Section 13(f)(3) of the Exchange Act.





SECTION 16


POLICY

Insiders must pre-clear transactions for those public companies for which they have been deemed insiders. Additionally, insiders are obligated to file specified forms with transaction details with the SEC within 48 hours of the trade. For example, insiders employed by Western Asset are required to make filings relating to closed-end funds and the REIT managed by the Firm.


Western Asset maintains a list of the insider reporting persons of a fund. Listed below are the guidelines relied upon to ascertain which individuals are required to file reports under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and Section 30(h):


directors of a fund, including emeritus directors who continue to attend board meetings, assist in policy formation, and have access to confi- dential information about the fund’s affairs;


members of a fund’s advisory board;


the fund president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or, if none, the controller), any vice president of the fund, any other officer of the fund who performs a policy-making function, and any other person who performs similar policy making functions for the fund;


the investment adviser of a fund; and


certain affiliated persons of the investment adviser of the fund including, without limitation, (i) all directors of the investment adviser, (ii) those officers of the investment adviser that perform a policy-making function in connection with the adviser’s management of the fund or whose duties and responsibilities provide them with access to confidential information about the fund, (iii) persons holding 5% of more of the out- standing voting securities of the investment adviser; (iv) persons of which the investment adviser holds 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities; and (v) persons directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset’s Legal and Compliance Department maintains a list of staff who are deemed to be an insider for purposes of Section 16. Those staff members who have been identified as insiders are required to pre-clear transactions prior to execution and must report to the Legal and Compliance Department the number of shares purchased or sold, price paid, and date of execution of the transaction for which a Section 16 filing must be made. Necessary forms shall be filed on behalf of the insider with the SEC (a Power of Attorney is on file for all insiders permitting such filings to be made on their behalf.) The Franklin Resources Legal and Compliance Department takes the lead for closed-end fund filings and Western Asset’s Legal and Compliance Department takes the lead for REIT filings. In addition, Section 16 requires an insider to forfeit to the fund any profit realized from any purchase and sale or any sale and purchase of fund shares within any period of less than six months. Under Section 16, holding periods operate on a “last in, first out” methodology, so the six month holding period for all holdings re-sets with each new purchase.


FORM PF REPORTING OBLIGATIONS


POLICY

Under Rule 204(b)-1 of the Advisers Act, Western Asset is required to file Form PF as a registered investment adviser which has at least $150 million in private fund assets under management on a quarterly basis.


PROCEDURES

Western Asset’s IT department, in conjunction with significant input from other relevant departments, will file quarterly Form PF reports on a timely basis.


TRADE AND TRANSACTION REPORTING OBLIGATIONS


POLICY

Western Asset and its clients have trade and transaction reporting requirements in certain jurisdictions, namely in Australia and the European Union. Under the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) regulations and those mandated by European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), Western Asset’s Melbourne and London offices, respectively, are mandated by certain clients to adhere to reporting regulations relating to OTC derivatives. In addition, Western Asset’s London office, subject to Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) must comply with MiFID II transaction reporting requirements and report all applicable transactions to the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), its primary regulator. The Regulatory Reporting Team, in conjunction with the Legal and Compliance Department, is charged with ensuring compliance with ASIC and ESMA trade and transaction reporting requirements. This reference acknowledges the reality of other regulatory reporting requirements but this is not an exclusive inventory of such requirements.



Business Continuity Plan

Background

In order for Western Asset to continue to comply with its fiduciary duty to its clients and in order to address the business risk associated with significant events, Western Asset has developed a Business Continuity Program, which includes both business continuity and disaster recovery segments.

Western Asset’s Business Continuity Plan (“BCP” or the “Plan”) is designed to address all business disruptions, including loss of power, loss of facility, loss of key employees, loss of network, loss of critical IT systems, and loss of critical vendors. The BCP is expected to minimize downtime by providing a framework for restoring mission critical processes and systems within minimum acceptable recovery time requirements.




POLICY

Under the direction of the Business Continuity Committee, Western Asset’s Business Continuity Plan is maintained by the Firm’s Business Continuity Management group and updated on a regular basis and no less than annually, seeks to ensure that it meets minimum business requirements.


Each Western Asset department is responsible for updating and maintaining their respective section of the Firm’s Plan. The Plan’s system recovery component is tested at least annually with testing and results being documented and reported to the Business Continuity Committee and the Operations Committee who is responsible for all operational aspects of the Firm.


PROCEDURES

1.

Process for updating and maintaining enterprise wide BCP

a.

Business Continuity Management (BCM).

b.

BCM is a member of the Business Continuity Committee (BCC), which meets regularly and is responsible for the formulation of business re- silience and disaster recovery strategies for all offices of Western Asset. The BCC recommends those strategies and requisite resources to the appropriate committees for ratification and/or further investigation. The BCC will then oversee implementation of approved strategies.

c.

BCM conducts annual enterprise wide BCP review and enhancement meetings.

d.

Quarterly review and update of the IMT Crisis Management Plan.

e.

Distribute hard copy updates to BCC members as necessary.

f.

Coordinate Business Unit team leads’ quarterly review and maintenance of departmental BCP’s.

g.

Conduct Business Unit meetings to discuss Business Continuity preparedness.

h.

Coordinates all Business Continuity testing activities.

i.

Update COMPASS Disaster Recovery/Business Continuity information.


2.

Business Unit Responsibilities

a.

Conducts bi-annual reviews and updates of the Business Units’ Business Impact Analysis (BIA).

b.

Conducts quarterly reviews and updates of the Business Units’ BCP.

c.

Distribute updated BCP’s to staff as necessary.

d.

Advise BCP Coordinator when Business Unit updates are complete.

e.

BCP Coordinator conducts annual BCP review and enhancement meetings.

f.

Participates in all Business Continuity Testing activities.


A simulation occurs on an annual basis that involves an exercise which validates components of the Business Continuity Plan and Disaster Recovery Plan.



Copyright Considerations


Background Copyright laws protect “originalworks” of authorship by allowing the author exclusive rights of ownership and reproduction. Below is a list of items that may be copyrighted material: 1. Newspaperarticles 2. Magazinearticles 3. Researchreports 4. Internetpages 5. LoginID’s,softwareprograms,anddatabases 6. Books 7. TVandradioprograms 8. Photographs 9. Trainingmaterials 10. Manuals Photocopying, scanning to a write protected file(a.pdf), downloading to a computer, copying to a disk, CD,or DVD, retyping all(or substantially all) of a work, excessive use of quotations from a copyrighted work, may be considered “copying” under the copyright laws. Providing a paper photocopy, distributing via electronic mail, providing copied disk,CD or DVD, forwarding a file received via electronic mail may be considered unauthorized “distributing” under the copyright laws. It is frequently assumed that in order to have copyright protection, materials must bear a copyright“©”legend. This is not true. POLICY It is the Firm’s policy that no copyright protected materials are copied, either via hard copy or electronically, absent the prior written permission of the author or publisher. While it can be difficult to tell whether a particular item is legally protected, employees should err on the side of caution and understand that any materials that are purchased are more than likely protected. Legal risks associated with forwarding or duplicating copyrighted materials are significant. Copyrighted material may only be distributed if verification has been obtained to verify that the distribution/use of the mate- rial is authorized. PROCEDURE If an employee wishes to copy or distribute material that may be copyrighted material, the employee must first verify if the copying or distribution is authorized. Employees may obtain authorization through the purchase of a license to copy or distribute. The Firm’s parent company, Franklin Resources, has acquired two licenses from the Copyright Clearance Center (“CCC”): (i) a Photocopying License; and (ii) an Electronic Distribution License for the benefit of the enterprise. The licenses provide limited rights to copy and electronically distribute portions of certain materials internally only. For some titles, limited external sharing can be made (i.e., if “Digital Responsive Rights” are included). However, no external display of content or systematic distribution is permitted without further permission for such use. To determine if a work is authorized for copying or distribution under the licenses with the CCC, Western Asset employees should use CCC’s RightFind Advisor at www.rightfind.copyright.com cFranklin Resources maintains a Multinational Copyright License that includes digital rights. The CCC license may contain specific limitations on use or distribution of particular content. If the material is not covered by the CCC licenses or the limitations set forth in the license, the Legal and Compliance Department should be notified and they will work with respective parties to obtain the necessary authori- zation to copy or distribute the material. Such permissions may involve additional fees. Employees must retain copies of authorizations that are not covered by the CCC licenses. All questions regarding the above should be directed to the Legal and Compliance Department. COMPASS POLICY All links to websites located on COMPASS will need to be accessed using an employee’s individual password where one is required to access the site. Unless otherwise permitted, no sharing or posting of passwords is permitted. On a separate but related note, each department is responsible for ensuring content is screened prior to posting on COMPASS. If there are any ques- tions with regard to the appropriateness of the content to be posted, please contact the Legal and Compliance Department for guidance.

Western Asset Code of Ethics



Western Asset Investment Grade Income Fund, Inc.

Western Asset Management Company, LLC Western Asset Management Company Limited Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd.

Western Asset Funds, Inc.

Western Asset Premier Bond Fund Western Asset Inflation-Linked Income Fund

Western Asset Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund





























Revised June 30, 2021





I. What are the Objectives and Spirit of the Code?


A.

Adoption of Code of Ethics by Western Asset and the Funds: Western Asset Management Company, Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd. and Western Asset Management Company Limited (referred to generally as “Western Asset”) act as fiduciaries and, as such, are en- trusted to act in the best interests of all clients, including investment companies. Accordingly, Western Asset has adopted this Code of Ethics in order to ensure that employees uphold their fiduciary obligations and to place the interests of clients, including the Funds, before their own.


In addition, Western Asset Investment Grade Income Fund, Western Asset Premier Bond Fund, Western Asset Funds, Inc., Western Asset Inflation-Linked Securities & Income Fund and Western Asset Inflation-Linked Income Fund (referred to generally as the “Funds”) have also adopted this Code of Ethics in order to ensure that persons associated with the Funds, including Directors/Trustees (“Directors”), honor their fiduciary commitment to place the interests of the Funds before their own.


B.

Regulatory Requirement: The Investment Company Act of 1940 requires each investment company (i.e., the Funds), as well as its invest- ment adviser and principal underwriter, to adopt a code of ethics. In addition, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 requires each invest- ment adviser (i.e., Western Asset) to adopt a code of ethics. Both Acts also require that records be kept relating to the administration of the Code of Ethics. This Code of Ethics shall be read and interpreted in a manner consistent with these Acts and their related rules.


C.

Compliance with Applicable Law: All persons associated with Western Asset are obligated to understand and comply with their obliga- tions under applicable law. Among other things, laws and regulations make clear that it is illegal to defraud clients and Funds in any manner, mislead clients or Funds by affirmative statement or by omitting a material fact that should be disclosed, or to engage in any manipulative conduct with respect to clients, Funds, or the trading of securities.


D.

Confidential Information: All persons associated with Western Asset and the Funds may be in a position to know about client identities, investment objectives, funding levels, and future plans as well as information about the transactions that Western Asset executes on their behalf and the securities holdings in their accounts. All this information is considered confidential and must not be shared unless otherwise permitted.


E.

Avoiding Conflicts of Interest: Neither Western Asset employees nor Fund Directors may take advantage of their knowledge or position to place their interests ahead of Western Asset clients or the Funds, as the case may be. Different obligations may apply to different persons under this Code of Ethics, but this duty includes an obligation not to improperly trade in personal investment accounts, as well as an obliga- tion to maintain complete objectivity and independence in making decisions that impact the management of client assets, including the Funds. Western Asset employees and Fund Directors must disclose all material facts concerning any potential conflict of interest that may arise to the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer or the Western Asset Chief Compliance Officer, as appropriate.


F.

Upholding the Spirit of the Code of Ethics: The Code of Ethics sets forth principles and standards of conduct, but it does not and cannot cover every possible scenario or circumstance. Each person is expected to act in accordance with the spirit of the Code of Ethics and their fiduciary duty. Technical compliance with the Code of Ethics is not sufficient if a particular action or series of actions would violate the spirit of the Code of Ethics.


G.

Western Asset Compliance Policies and Procedures: In addition to the Code of Ethics, Western Asset has established policies and proce- dures that are designed to address compliance requirements and conflicts and potential conflicts of interest not related to personal trading. Employees have an obligation to follow Western Asset’s compliance policies and procedures..


II. Who is Subject to the Code?

While the spirit and objectives of the Code generally are the same for each person covered by the Code of Ethics, different specific requirements may apply to different categories of people. Western Asset and the Funds have both adopted the Code of Ethics, and the requirements for Western Asset employees differ from those for Fund Directors. You must understand what category or categories apply to you in order to understand which require- ments you are subject to.


A.

Western Asset Employees, Officers and Directors: As a condition of employment, all Western Asset employees, officers and directors (generally referred to as “Western Asset employees”) must read, understand and agree to comply with the Code of Ethics. You have an obligation to seek guidance or take any other appropriate steps to make sure you understand your obligations under the Code of Ethics. On an annual basis, you are required to certify that you have read and understand the Code of Ethics and agree to comply.


B.

Western Asset Independent Contractors: Independent contractors may be subject to the Code of Ethics depending on the length of time with Western Asset, the nature of the engagement and the access to information. If designated, you are required to comply with the Code of Ethics and make all the required certifications. All independent contractors are still obliged to observe obligations of confidentiality and other terms of their engagements.


C.

Directors of the Funds: The Code of Ethics applies to interested Directors of the Funds who are also Western Asset employees or otherwise interested persons because of their business affiliations with Western Asset. Interested Directors who are also employees or are otherwise interested persons because of their business affiliations with Franklin Templeton Investments are subject to the Franklin Templeton Invest- ments Code of Ethics.





1.

What are the Funds?

Western Asset Funds, Inc.

Western Asset Investment Grade Income Fund, Inc.

Western Asset Premier Bond Fund

Western Asset Inflation-Linked Income Fund

Western Asset Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund


2.

If a Director is considered to be an “interested person” of a Fund, its investment adviser or principal underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, then he or she is considered an Interested Director.


3.

If a Director is not considered to be an “interested person,” then he or she is considered to be a Disinterested Director.


4.

If you are both a Fund Director and an employee of Western Asset, you are subject to the requirements that apply to you as an employee of Western Asset, as applicable.


5.

Western Asset Interested Directors are subject to those requirements forth in the Section below titled “Requirements for Fund Directors.”


D.

Access Persons: Western Asset employees and Fund Officers and Directors are considered “Access Persons” because they may have access to information regarding investment decisions, transactions and holdings. Other people may also be considered to be “Access Persons” and subject to the same requirements as Western Asset employees including the following:


1.

Any natural person that has the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management and policies of Western Asset or the Funds and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to a client account, including a Fund, with regard to the purchase or sale of a security


2.

Any person who provides advice on behalf of Western Asset and is subject to Western Asset’s supervision and control.


3.

Any other such person as the Chief Compliance Officer of Western Asset or the Funds designate


E.

Investment Persons: If you are a Western Asset employee and you also make recommendations or investment decisions on behalf of Western Asset as part of your regular functions or duties, or you make or participate in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities for a Western Asset client or account, you are considered an “Investment Person.” Investment Persons are subject to all the requirements of Western Asset employees, but also must comply with additional restrictions due to their knowledge and involvement with investment decisions Western Asset is considering or planning for the future.


F.

Other Codes of Ethics: If you are an Access Person under this Code, but you are employed principally by affiliates of Western Asset and you are subject to a Code of Ethics that complies with applicable law, you are subject to the relevant provisions of the Code of Ethics of your principal employer and not subject to this Code. The principal application of this is for those subject to codes of Franklin Resources, Inc. and related subsidiaries (collectively, “Franklin Templeton Investments.”)


III. Who Administers the Code?


A.

Western Asset Pasadena Management Committee:


1.

Responsibilities: The Western Asset Pasadena Management Committee has ultimate responsibility for the Code of Ethics. The Man- agement Committee shall review and approve or deny any changes or proposed changes to the Code of Ethics. The Management Committee shall also receive periodic reports from the Legal and Compliance Department regarding violations of the Code of Ethics. The Management Committee shall determine the appropriate policy with respect to sanctions for Code of Ethics violations. The Management Committee may delegate the administration of this Code of Ethics to other individuals or departments, including the power to impose sanctions for particular violations according to the framework approved by the Committee.


2.

Interpretation: The Management Committee is the final arbiter of questions of interpretation under this Code of Ethics.


B.

Western Asset Chief Compliance Officer:


1.

Receipt of Violations: The Chief Compliance Officer (known as the “CCO”) for Western Asset is the person designated to receive all violations of the Code of Ethics. If a Western Asset employee becomes aware of a violation of this Code of Ethics or a violation of ap- plicable law, they have an obligation to report the matter promptly to the CCO.


2.

Review of Violations: The Western Asset CCO must review all violations of the Code of Ethics and oversee any appropriate investiga- tion and subsequent response with respect to Western Asset.





C.

Chief Compliance Officer for the Funds:


1.

Responsibilities: The Chief Compliance Officer for the Funds is responsible for overseeing the administration of the Funds’ compliance policies and procedures.


2.

Reporting of Violations: All violations of the Funds’ Code of Ethics must be reported to the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer. To the extent that a violation involves a Fund Director, the Funds’ CCO shall oversee any appropriate investigation and subsequent response with respect to the Funds.


D.

Sanctions for Violations of the Code of Ethics:


1.

If you violate the Code of Ethics, you may be subject to sanctions. Violations may take a variety of forms, depending on the facts and circumstances and should reflect the nature of the violation, the risk to clients and other similar factors.


2.

In evaluating a violation, a variety of factors may be considered including any evidence of a violation of the law, potential or actual harm to client interests, evidence of fraud, neglect or indifference to the Code of Ethics, frequency of violations, prior violations, and cooperation or mitigation efforts of the employee.


3.

Sanctions may include any of the following types of sanctions or such other sanctions as may be deemed appropriate:


a)

Verbal or written warnings


b)

Written warnings with copies to the employee’s supervisor and/or personnel file


c)

Limits on personal trading activities, such as limits on the ability to trade or open new positions


d)

Requirements to disgorge profits and/or reverse trades


e)

Referrals to Human Resources for disciplinary action

f) Terminations

I. Fiduciary Duty to Clients and Funds


A.

Comply with Applicable Law: A variety of securities laws, including those described in this Code of Ethics, apply to the operation of West- ern Asset and the Funds. It is your responsibility to understand your obligations under these laws and to comply with those requirements. You have an obligation to seek assistance from the Legal and Compliance Department if you are unsure of what your obligations are under this Code of Ethics.


B.

Fiduciary Duty: As a fiduciary for Western Asset clients, including the Funds, you have an obligation to act in clients’ best interests. You must scrupulously avoid serving your personal interests ahead of the interests of clients and the Funds. That includes making sure that client interests come first and that you avoid any potential or actual conflicts of interest. That fiduciary duty extends to all aspects of the business. Conflicts and potential conflicts can arise in a variety of situations. You may have information regarding clients, their investment strategies, strategic plans, assets, holdings, transactions, personnel matters and other information. This information may not be communi- cated in any manner to benefit yourself or other persons. This obligation extends to avoiding potential conflicts between client accounts as well. You may not inappropriately favor the interests of one client over another.


C.

Compliance with the Code of Ethics: All new staff are provided with a copy of this Code of Ethics upon joining the Firm and the current version is posted on the Firm’s intranet. From time to time, the Firm may revise the Code of Ethics and you will be provided with a copy of any such amendments to the Code. On an annual basis and when the Code of Ethics is amended, you will be required to acknowledge in writing that you have received, understand and agree to comply with the Code of Ethics.


D.

Personal Interests: As a general matter, you may not improperly take personal advantage of your knowledge of recent, pending or intend- ed securities activities for clients, including the Funds. In addition, you may not improperly take advantage of your position to personally gain at the expense of the interests of Western Asset, clients, or the Funds.


E.

Maintaining the Best Interests of Clients: The provisions of this Code of Ethics address some of the ways in which you are expected to uphold the fiduciary duty to clients and the Funds. It is not an exclusive list.


F.

Confidentiality: Unless otherwise permitted, information regarding clients or their accounts may not be shared with persons outside of the Firm, such as vendors, family members, or market participants. In particular, information regarding the trading intentions of clients or Western Asset on behalf of its clients may not be shared.





G.

Personal Trading:


1.

A potential conflict exists between the interests of clients (including the Funds) and your personal investment activities. This conflict may take shape in a variety of ways, including the particular trades you execute and the volume of trading you do.


2.

You may not engage in an excessive volume of trading in your personal accounts. High volumes of personal trading may raise con- cerns that your energies and interests are not aligned with client interests.


3.

Depending on the particular security that you choose to buy, a holding period may also apply that requires you to hold that security for a minimum period of time.


4.

At all times, you have an obligation to refrain from personally trading to manipulate the prices of securities and trading on material non-public information.


5.

Given the potential conflict that exists between client transactions, holdings and intentions and your personal trading activity, the Code of Ethics contains detailed requirements regarding your personal conduct and the monitoring of your personal trading activity. The remaining sections of the Code of Ethics provide guidance on the requirements that must be followed in connection with your personal trading activity.


II. Reporting of Personal Trading

You must provide information regarding your personal investment accounts as required under this Code of Ethics. Reporting obligations take effect at the inception of your involvement with Western Asset or a Fund, and continue on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis. As with other provisions of the Code of Ethics, you are expected to understand and comply with the obligations that apply to you. (Applicable provisions for Western Asset Interested Directors are described more fully below in the Section titled “Requirements for Fund Directors.”)


In order to monitor potential conflicts of interest and your compliance with the Code, Western Asset employees and Interested Directors must identify investment accounts and provide information on particular securities transactions in those accounts.


Western Asset Management Company employees (i.e., those located in the Pasadena and New York offices) must maintain personal brokerage ac- counts only with brokers approved by the Firm. New hires must transfer their accounts within 90-days of hire. The criterion for broker approval is whether a broker is willing and able to provide electronic feeds to Western Asset for purposes of monitoring and administration of the Code of Ethics and Western Asset’s systems can effectively accommodate the electronic feeds. A list of approved brokers shall be published by the Legal and Compliance Department for reference by employees. Limited exceptions may be granted by the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer in such cases as may be necessary or prudent on a case by case basis (such as for accounts of family members of employees).


A.

Which investment accounts do Western Asset employees and Western Asset Interested Directors need to report?


1.

Report any of the following investment accounts:


a) Any investment account with a broker-dealer or bank in which you have a direct or indirect interest, including accounts that are yours or that you share jointly with another person. This includes joint accounts, spousal accounts, UTMA accounts, partnerships, trusts and controlling interests in corporations.


i)

This requirement generally will cover any type of brokerage account opened with a broker-dealer or bank.


ii)

You must also report any Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) held with a broker-dealer or bank.


b) Any investment account with a broker-dealer or bank over which you have investment decision-making authority (including ac- counts you are named on, such as being a guardian, executor or trustee, as well as accounts you are not named on, such as an account owned by another person for which you have been granted trading authority).


c) Any investment account with a broker-dealer or bank established by partnership, corporation, or other entity in which you have a direct or indirect interest through any formal or informal understanding or agreement.


d) Any college savings account in which you hold securities issued under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code and in which you have a direct or indirect interest.


e) Any account established to hold shares in a Franklin Resources, Inc. Employee Stock Investment Plan (ESIP) or similar plan.


f) Any other account that the Western Asset Management Committee or its delegate deems appropriate in light of your interest or involvement.





g) You are presumed to have investment decision-making authority for, and therefore must report, any investment account of a member of your immediate family if they live in the same household as you. (Immediate family includes a spouse, child, grandchild, stepchild, parent, grandparent, sibling, mother or father-in-law, son or daughter in-law, or brother or sister in-law.) You may rebut this presumption if you are able to provide Western Asset with satisfactory assurances that you have no material interest in the account and exercise no control over investment decisions made regarding the account. Consult with the Legal and Compliance Department for guidance regarding this process.


1.

Do not report any of the following accounts:


a)

Do not report investment accounts that are not held at a broker-dealer or bank that permit investments only in shares of open-end investment companies or funds:


i)

Do not report such an investment account if the account holds only shares in money market funds.


ii)

Do not report such an investment account if you only invest in open-end funds not advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or a Franklin Templeton Investments affiliate. If you begin investing in open-end funds advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or an affiliate, you must report the investment account.


b)

Do not report any 401(k), 403(b) or other company sponsored retirement accounts unless there is trading activity in funds advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or an affiliate. The list is available from the Legal and Compliance Department. Note: If you have a Western Asset 401(k) account, no additional reporting is required, but you are subject to the holding period requirements de- scribed in the Section below titled “Personal Trading Restrictions.”


A.

What reports are Western Asset employees and Western Asset Interested Directors required to provide?


1.

At hire: What information is required when you are hired or become a Western Asset employee or a Western Asset Interested Director of a Fund?


a)

You must report all of your investment accounts. (See information above for more detail on which accounts must be reported.)


b)

The report must either include copies of statements or the name of the broker, dealer or bank, title on the account, security names, exchange ticker and CUSIP as applicable, and the number of shares and principal amount of all holdings.


c)

There is no requirement to report holdings of digital tokens, altcoins, crypto currencies or similar assets. This obligation may be revised based on further regulatory guidance, particularly if such instruments are deemed to be “securities.”


d)

You must sign and date all initial reports.


e)

You must report required information within 10 calendar days from the date of hire or the date on which you become a Western Asset employee or Western Asset Interested Director.


f)

All the information that you report must be no more than 45 days old.


g)

The Legal and Compliance Department will attempt to arrange with your brokerage firm to receive duplicate confirmations and statements to enable the firm to monitor your trading activities, but your assistance may be required.


1.

Electronic Confirmations and Statements: The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department will attempt to arrange to receive duplicate copies of transaction confirmations and account statements for each investment account directly from each financial in- stitution with whom you have reported having an investment account. To the extent that Western Asset is able to directly obtain such information, you will not be required to separately provide the information described below for quarterly or annual transaction reports. You may be asked to confirm Western Asset’s records in lieu of providing your own holdings or transaction reports. Your assistance may be required for information Western Asset does not have or is not able to obtain otherwise, which may include pro- viding statements to Western Asset yourself or coordinating with your financial institution to send confirmations and statements to Western Asset.


2.

Quarterly Transaction Reports: What information is required on a quarterly basis?


a) You must report all transactions in covered securities in which you have a direct or indirect beneficial interest during a quarter to the Legal and Compliance Department within 30 days after quarter end, regardless of whether the account is required to be reported as described above.


i) What are “covered securities”? “Covered securities” are any security as defined by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, In- vestment Company Act of 1940, any financial instrument related to a security, including fixed income securities, any equity





securities, any derivatives on fixed income or equity securities, ETFs, closed-end mutual funds, and any open-end mutual funds managed, advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or an affiliate. “Covered securities” does not include digital tokens, altcoins, crypto currencies or similar assets. This obligation may be revised based on further regulatory guidance, particularly if such instruments are deemed to be “securities.”


ii) “Covered securities” does not include obligations of the US government, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short term debt instruments such as repurchase agreements and other instruments as described below in the Section titled “What Trades are Not Required to be Precleared?”


b) The report shall state the title and number of shares, the principal amount of the security involved, the interest rate and maturity date if applicable, the date and nature of the transaction, the price at which the transaction was effected and the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected.


c) The report must also include the date it was submitted.


d) You may not be required to file a quarterly report if the Legal and Compliance Department received duplicate copies of your broker confirmations and statements within the 30 day time period. From time to time, however, the Legal and Compliance Department may not receive all duplicate statements from brokers or may not receive them on a timely basis. In those cases, you will be notified by the Legal and Compliance Department and you have an obligation to provide copies of the statements or report all transactions you execute during the quarter in some other form.


e) If you have no investment accounts or executed no transactions in covered securities, you may be asked to confirm that you had no investment activity (either independent of an account or in a newly opened account).


1.

Annual Holdings Reports: What information is required on an annual basis?


a)

You must provide a list of all covered securities in which you have a direct or indirect interest, including those not held in an ac- count at a broker-dealer or bank. The list must include the title, the exchange ticker or CUSIP number as applicable, number of shares and principal amount of each covered security. Copies of investment account statements containing such information are sufficient. Holdings are not required to include digital tokens, altcoins, crypto currencies or similar assets unless they are held in a securities account at a broker-dealer or bank.


b)

You must report the account number, account name and financial institution for each investment account with a broker-dealer of bank for which you are required to report.


c)

While the Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department may be receiving duplicate statements and confirmations for your investment accounts, this annual reporting requirement is intended to serve as a check to make sure that all of Western Asset’s information is accurate and current.


d)

The information in the annual report must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted and the annual report must include the date it was submitted to the Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department.


e)

You also must certify annually that you have complied with the requirements of this Code of Ethics and that you have disclosed or reported all transactions and holdings required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of this Code.


1.

New Investment Accounts: When do I need to report new investment accounts that are required to be reported under the Code of Ethics?


a)

After you open an account or after you assume a role or obtain an interest in an account that requires reporting (as discussed in the Section titled “Reporting of Personal Trading”), you have 30 calendar days after the end of the quarter to report the account.


b)

You must report the title of the account, the name of the financial institution for the account, the date the account was established (or the date on which you gained an interest or authority that requires the account to be reported) and the date reported.


1.

Additional Reporting for Certain Persons: What additional reporting obligations exist for Directors and Officers of Closed-End Investment Companies, officers or Western Asset, or designated members of the Western Asset Investment Strategy Group?


a) Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires Directors and Officers of any closed-end investment company to report to the Securities and Exchange Commission changes in their personal ownership of that closed-end investment company’s stock. Note that reporting is not required for all close-end investment companies, but only the shares of those closed-end funds for which a person serves as a director or officer.





b) In addition, Section 16 requires Western Asset officers and designated members of the Western Asset Investment Strategy Group to forfeit to the Fund any profit realized from any purchase and sale, or any sale and purchase, of Fund shares within any period of less than six months. Under Section 16, holding periods operate on a “last in, first out” methodology, so the six month holding period for all holdings re-sets with each new purchase. Such persons should consult the Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department for further guidance regarding specific provisions of the law, including applicable reporting requirements


c) If provided with the necessary information, the Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department will assist and make the filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission on your behalf.


I. Pre-Clearance Process for Personal Trading

Before you execute a personal trade, the trade may need to be precleared to ensure that there is no conflict with Western Asset’s current trading activi- ties on behalf of its clients (including the Funds). All Western Asset employees are required to preclear trades in securities except as provided below.


A.

What trades must be pre-cleared? Trades in any of the following:

1.

Any Security (unless excluded below): You must preclear trades in any security, which means any bond, stock, debenture, certificate of interest or participation in any profit sharing venture, warrant, right and generally anything that meets the definition of “security” under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the Investment Company Act of 1940. Except for money market instruments, G-7 government direct obligations and government direct obligations of Singapore and Australia, all fixed income securities must be precleared.


2.

Restricted List: Subject to the caveat below for common stock, you are required to preclear the securities of any issuer that are listed on the Western Asset restricted list.


3.

Common Stocks: You are only required to preclear publicly traded common stocks if the issuer of the common stock is listed on the Western Asset restricted list. In cases where the common stock is on the restricted list, designated as being eligible for trading, and the issuer has USD$10 billion or more in market capitalization, pre-clearance is only required if your trade is over USD$100,000 in value. Restrictions also apply to investments in private placements (including private funds) or initial public offerings (see discussion below). Preclearance is not required, however, for trading in stocks issued by Franklin Resources, Inc. as long as all other restrictions such as restricted periods are followed.


4.

Stocks of Brazilian Issuers: You must preclear all Brazilian equity trades except trades of a de minimis amount (i.e., trades of 500 shares or less per day for any issuer with a market capitalization in excess of USD$10 billion). This preclearance requirement includes both common and preferred shares as well as local shares and GDR/ADR securities.


5.

Derivatives: Trades in any financial instrument related to a security that is required to be pre-cleared, including options on securities, futures contracts, single stock futures, options on futures contracts and any other derivative must be precleared.


6.

Shares in any Affiliated Open or Closed-end Mutual Fund or REIT: Preclearance is required if you purchase or sell shares of open-end or closed-end funds and/or REITs advised or sub-advised by Western Asset outside of your Western Asset 401(k) participant account. This includes preclearance for such purchases or sales in a spouse’s retirement account. You are not required to preclear trades in your Western Asset 401(k) participant account. Note: No preclearance is required for investments in any money market funds.


7.

Systematic Investment Plans: Preclearance is required when executing an initial instruction for any purchases or sales that are made pursuant to a systematic investment or withdrawal plan involving a security that requires preclearance. For example, a systematic investment plan that regularly purchases shares of a Western Asset Fund would need to be precleared when the initial instruction was made, but not for each specific subsequent purchase. A systematic investment or withdrawal plan is one pursuant to which a prescribed purchase or sale will be automatically made on a regular, predetermined basis without affirmative action by the Access Person. As such, only the initial investment instruction (and any subsequent changes to the instruction) requires preclearance.


8.

Private Placement Securities: All Western Asset employees must preclear any trades in private placement securities (i.e., any offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or 4(6) or pursuant to rule 504, rule 505, or rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933) whether or not fixed income related. This requirement includes all private investment partnerships or funds such as hedge funds and private real estate holding partnerships.


9.

Initial Public Offerings: Investment Persons are prohibited from participating in Initial Public Offerings (other than closed-end fund offerings where Western Asset is an adviser or sub-adviser). Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) offerings are considered Initial Public Offerings.


10.

529 College Savings Plans: Any transaction in units of a college savings plan established under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code where the underlying investments are open-end funds advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or an affiliate. A list of such funds is available from the Legal and Compliance Department.





11.

Transactions in Retirement Accounts and Deferred Compensation Plans: All purchases or sales of investment companies or funds advised or sub-advised by Western Asset in any retirement account other than your Western Asset 401(k) participant account or De- ferred Compensation Plan must be precleared. Note: Trades in investment companies or funds in your Western Asset 401(k) account are not required to be precleared, but are subject to a 60-day holding period if they are advised or sub-advised by Western Asset. Trades in the brokerage portion of your Western Asset 401(k) such as those in individual tickers or CUSIPs are subject to the same personal trading pre-clear rules as if they were purchased outside of the 401(k) account.


12.

Shares of Preferred Stock: You are required to preclear all transactions in shares of preferred stock.


B.

What trades are not required to be precleared?


1.

Common Stocks: As long as the issuer of the securities is not listed on the Western Asset restricted list, you are not required to pre- clear publicly traded common stocks. All Western Asset employees are also required to preclear an equity security in the case of a private placement or an initial public offering (see discussion above).


2.

Government Securities: Trades in any direct obligations of the U.S. Government or any G7 government are not required to be pre- cleared.


3.

High-Quality Short-term Debt Instruments: High quality short term debt instruments including bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, variable-rate demand notes, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments (meaning any instrument that has a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, such as S&P or Moody’s) are not required to be precleared.


4.

Money Market Funds: Trades in any investment company or fund that is a money market fund are not required to be precleared.


5.

Open-End Mutual Funds: Trades in open-end mutual funds that are not advised or sub-advised by Western Asset are not required to be precleared.


6.

Closed-End Mutual Funds, Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”): Transactions of closed end mutual funds, ETFs and REITs are not required to be precleared unless they are advised by Western Asset.


7.

Transactions Retirement Accounts and Deferred Compensation Plans: Purchases or sales of investment companies or funds in your Western Asset 401(k) participant account or Deferred Compensation Plan are not required to be precleared. Note: Trades in your Western Asset 401(k) account are not required to be precleared, but are subject to a holding period requirement if they are advised or sub-advised by Western Asset. Trades in the brokerage portion of your Western Asset 401(k) such as those in individual tickers or CUSIPs are subject to the same personal trading pre-clear rules as if they were purchased outside of the 401(k) account.


8.

Employee Savings Investment Plans: Purchases, sales of Franklin Resources, Inc. stock in Employee Savings Investment Plans or similar are not required to be pre-cleared. Elections to participate or stop participating or changes to participation levels are not required to be pre-cleared.


9.

Systematic Investment Plans: Any purchases or sales that are made pursuant to a systematic investment or withdrawal plan that has previously been approved by a Preclearance Officer. A systematic investment plan is any plan where a sale or purchase will be auto- matically made on a regular, predetermined basis without your authorization for each transaction. The first instruction must be pre- cleared, but each subsequent purchase is not required to be precleared unless changes are made to the terms of the standing order.


10.

No Knowledge: Securities transactions where you have no knowledge of the transaction before it is completed (for example, a trans- action effected by a Trustee of a blind trust or discretionary trades involving an investment partnership or investment club, when you are neither consulted nor advised of the trade before it is executed) are not required to be precleared.


11.

Certain Corporate Actions: Any acquisition of securities through stock dividends, dividend reinvestments, stock splits, reverse stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, exercise of rights or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally ap- plicable to all holders of the same class of securities is not required to be precleared.


12.

Options-Related Activity: Any acquisition or disposition of a security in connection with an option-related transaction that has been previously approved. For example, if you receive approval to write a covered call, and the call is later exercised, you are not required to obtain preclearance in order to exercise the call. Preclearance of a derivative of a security is required only if the underlying security requires preclearance.


13.

Commodities, Futures and Options on Futures: Any transaction involving commodities, futures (including currency futures and futures on securities comprising part of a broad-based, publicly traded market based index of stocks) and options on futures. Pre- clearance is required for any single issuer derivatives, such as single stock futures.





14.

529 College Savings Plans: Any transaction in units of a college savings plan established under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, unless the underlying investment includes open-end funds advised or sub-advised by Western Asset or an affiliate.


15.

Digital Assets: Digital tokens, altcoins, crypto currencies or similar assets Crypto currency is treated the same as any other currency and is not a security, so it does not require pre-clearance. This obligation may be revised based on further regulatory guidance.


16.

Miscellaneous: Any transaction in any other securities as the Western Asset Chief Compliance Officer may designate on the grounds that the risk of abuse is minimal or non-existent.


C.

How does the preclearance process work?


1.

Understand the Preclearance Requirements: Review the Section above titled “Preclearance Process for Personal Trading” to deter- mine if the security requires preclearance.


2.

Trading Authorization Form: Obtain and complete a Trading Authorization Form or access the on-line personal trading system (if available to you).


3.

Submission for Approval: Submit the request for approval to a Preclearance Officer for a determination of approval or denial. The Chief Compliance Officer shall designate Preclearance Officers to consider requests for approval or denials.


4.

Approval or Denial: The Preclearance Officer shall determine whether approval of the proposed trade would place the individual’s interests ahead of the interests of Western Asset clients (including the Funds). To be valid, a Preclearance Officer must sign the Trading Authorization Form or otherwise evidence approval.


5.

Expiration of Trading Permission: Trade authorizations expire at the end of the trading day during which authorization is granted. Trade authorizations also expire if they are revoked or if you learn that the information provided in the Trade Authorization request is not accurate. If the authorization expires, a new authorization must be obtained before the trade order may be placed. If an order is placed but has not been executed before the authorization expires (e.g., a limit order), no new authorization is necessary unless the order is amended in any way.


6.

Transactions of a Preclearance Officer: A Preclearance Officer may not approve his or her own Trading Authorization Form.


7.

Proxies: You may designate a representative to complete and submit a Trade Authorization Form if you are unable to complete the form on your behalf in order to obtain proper authorization.


II. Personal Trading Restrictions

In addition to reporting and preclearance obligations, you are also subject to restrictions regarding the manner in which you trade and hold securities in any personal investment accounts for which you report transactions. (The Section above titled “Reporting of Personal Trading” describes which accounts must be reported.)


A.

For all Western Asset Employees:


1.

Market Manipulation: You shall not execute any securities transactions with the intent to raise, lower, or maintain the price of any security or to falsely create the appearance of trading activity.


2.

Spread Betting: Spread Betting is a speculative transaction that involves taking a bet on the price movement of a security, index or other financial product via a spread betting company. Spread betting on financial products is not permitted and employees may not use spread betting accounts to circumvent the Code of Ethics. Spread betting on non-financial products, such as sporting events, is not covered by the Code of Ethics.


3.

Trading on Inside Information: You shall not purchase or sell any security if you have material nonpublic information about the secu- rity or the issuer of the security. You are also subject to Western Asset’s policy on insider trading. This policy applies both to personal transactions and to transactions executed by Western Asset personnel on behalf of client accounts.


4.

Excessive Personal Trading: You are limited to 75 transactions per calendar quarter. Transactions are defined as executions - there- fore, a buy and a sell of the same security are considered as two transactions and multiple fills for limit orders are each considered a transaction unless brokers provide information to permit independent confirmation that multiple confirmations originated from a single order. This does not apply to accounts held by family members where you do not have any trading authority, fully managed accounts where you have given permission to another party to manage your account, and rebalancing of investments in the 401(k), 403(b) or any other company sponsored retirement accounts. Single expressions of investment intent with multiple executions are counted as a single trade (i.e., multiple fills on a limit or a block trade across multiple family accounts). Corporate actions or options exercises are not counted. Quant-type strategies declared in advance and done with the approval of the Chief Compliance Officer may be exempted if the individual exercises no discretion over when or if their orders are actually executed.





5.

Initial Public Offerings for Investment Persons: Investment Persons may not purchase any securities through an initial public offer- ing (other than closed-end funds for which Western Asset is an adviser or sub-adviser).


Regardless of whether a transaction is specifically prohibited in this Code of Ethics, you may not engage in any personal securities transactions that (i) impact your ability to carry out your assigned duties or (ii) increase the possibility of an actual or apparent conflict of interest.


A.

Holding Periods for securities in personal accounts for all Western Asset employees:


1.

After making a purchase, you must hold that security for at least 30 calendar days unless specified otherwise below. Holding periods are measured on a first-in-first-out basis unless otherwise specified below. The holding period applies if investment exposure takes the form of single stock futures, options or other similar instruments.


2.

Holding periods apply for all securities except transactions in money market funds, government/sovereign securities issued by G-7 countries and derivatives on such securities, high quality short-term debt instruments, ETFs or other index securities, options on broad-based indices, currencies, and open-end mutual funds not advised by Western Asset.


3.

A 60-day holding period applies for all mutual funds, investment companies, unit trusts, REITs, or other commingled vehicles for which Western Asset serves as adviser or sub-adviser.


4.

This limitation applies to any purchases or sales in your individual retirement account, 401(k), deferred compensation plan, or any similar retirement plan or investment account for you or your immediate family. There is no holding period for purchases or sales done through a systematic investment or withdrawal plan.


5.

There is no holding period for accounts held by family members where you do not have any trading authority or fully managed ac- counts where you have given permission to another party to manage your account. You may not direct or recommend trades or take any other action that serves to circumvent the provisions of the Code of Ethics.


6.

The holding period may be deemed inapplicable in circumstances such as stop-loss orders declared in advance or extreme market volatility if prudent and consistent with the Firm’s overarching fiduciary duties to clients and regulatory obligations.


B.

Blackout Periods:


1.

One Day Blackout period for all Western Asset employees:


a)

You may not purchase or sell a fixed-income security (or any security convertible into a fixed income security) of an issuer on the same day in which Western Asset is purchasing or selling a fixed-income security from that same issuer.


b)

Contemporaneous trading activity will be the basis for a denial of a request for trading preclearance.


2.

Seven Day Blackout period for Investment Persons:


a)

You may not purchase or sell a fixed income security (or any security convertible into a fixed income security) if Western Asset purchases or sells securities of the same issuer within seven calendar days before or after the date of your purchase or sale.


C.

Pre-Clearance Sought and Obtained in Good Faith: The blackout period restriction may be deemed inapplicable if, consistent with the overarching duty to put client interests ahead of personal or Firm interests, an Access Person making a personal transaction has sought and received preclearance. This determination will take into account such factors as the degree of involvement in or access to the persons or teams making the investment decision.


I. Requirements for Fund Directors


A.

Interested Directors of the Funds that are also Western Asset Employees


1.

If you are an Interested Director and also a Western Asset or Franklin Templeton Investments employee, you are subject to all the Code of Ethics requirements that apply to you as a Western Asset or Franklin Templeton Investments employee. Accordingly, if you are a Western Asset employee, you are required to comply with all provisions of this Code of Ethics. If you are a Franklin Templeton Investments employee, you are not subject to the provision of this Code of Ethics, but you are required to comply with the Franklin Templeton Investments Code of Ethics.


2.

You are also subject to the requirements under Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. For Interested Directors who are also Western Asset employees, this obligation is addressed in the Section above titled “Reporting of Personal Trading.”





B.

Interested Directors of the Funds that are not Western Asset Employees


1.

Applicable provisions of the Code of Ethics: For an Interested Director that is not a Western Asset employee, only the requirements as set forth in the following Sections of the Code of Ethics shall apply:


a)

Objectives and Spirit of the Code


b)

Persons Subject to the Code


c)

Persons Who Administer the Code


d)

Reporting of Personal Trading


e)

Requirements for Fund Directors


These sections may also incorporate other parts of the Code of Ethics by reference.


1.

Rule 17j-1 Requirements with Respect to Reporting of Personal Trading: The requirements described above in the Section titled “Reporting of Personal Trading” shall only apply to the extent required by Rule 17j-1. In particular, no reporting of any open-end mutual funds is required.


2.

Section 16 Reporting: Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 requires all Directors of closed-end investment compa- nies to report changes in your personal ownership of shares of investment companies for which you a Director. If provided with the necessary information, the Legal and Compliance Department will assist and make filings with the Securities and Exchange Commis- sion on your behalf.


3.

Section 16 Personal Trading Restrictions: Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act requires a Director to forfeit to the Fund any profit realized from any purchase and sale, or any sale and purchase, of Fund shares within any period of less than six months. Under Section 16, holding periods operate on a “last in, first out” methodology, so the six month holding period for all holdings re-sets with each new purchase.






tmb-20220701.xsd
Attachment: EX-101.SCH


tmb-20220701_def.xml
Attachment: EX-101.DEF


tmb-20220701_pre.xml
Attachment: EX-101.PRE


tmb-20220701_lab.xml
Attachment: EX-101.LAB


tmb-20220701_cal.xml
Attachment: EX-101.CAL