UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the Fiscal Year Ended: December 31, 2015

OR

Commission File Number: 001-35450

DEMANDWARE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 553-9216

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act:    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of June 30, 2015, the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $2.4 billion (based on the last reported sale price of the Registrant’s common stock at the close of business on June 30, 2015). For purposes of the immediately preceding sentence, the term “affiliate” consists of each director and executive officer of the Registrant.

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of January 31, 2016 was 37,712,923 shares.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders, which the Registrant intends to file pursuant to Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the Registrant’s fiscal year end of December 31, 2015, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

DEMANDWARE, INC.

2015 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements relating to historical matters should be considered forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements may consist of statements including such words as “may,” “believe,” “could,” “anticipate,” “would,” “might,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are subject to business and economic risks, among others. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors, including the factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update the forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof.

Overview

We are a leading provider of enterprise-class cloud commerce solutions for retailers and branded manufacturers, including solutions for digital commerce and point of sale, as well as order management and predictive intelligence capabilities. Our Demandware Commerce offering is a combination of our cloud platform, community and related services that enables customers to establish and execute complex digital commerce strategies. Demandware Commerce facilitates global expansion, omni-channel processes, multi-brand and multi-site rollouts, predictive merchandising and in-store operations.

The foundation of our offering is our technology platform, the Demandware Commerce Cloud. The Demandware Commerce Cloud consists of two primary solutions: Demandware Digital and Demandware Store. With multiple seamless upgrades to our cloud platform per year, our customers run the latest version and have access to a steady stream of new and innovative commerce functionality as soon as it becomes available. Through our highly scalable, secure and open platform, our customers create seamless brand experiences to reach their consumers across all digital touch points globally, including ecommerce sites, mobile applications, social media channels and in the store. We provide customers with easy-to-use applications to manage and personalize the consumer experience. By simplifying access to the most current commerce functionality, by offering open commerce application program interfaces, or APIs, and by providing increased visibility into operations, we provide our customers with increased control over their commerce operations.  

Our Demandware Digital solution increases processing capacity of our customers’ digital commerce sites to meet surges in demand, minimize page load times and maximize uptime. Demandware Digital also offers the high reliability and security required by customers to implement their digital commerce strategies, and we have achieved 99.99% average platform availability (excluding planned downtime) since 2005. With Demandware Digital, customers can more easily launch, manage and integrate multiple digital commerce sites across geographies, channels and brands, initiate marketing campaigns more quickly, manage product merchandising and view customer and product information, as well as create highly customized consumer experiences, all of which can contribute to increased revenue. In addition, distributed order management capabilities enable retailers to provide “buy anywhere, fulfill anywhere, service anywhere” experiences, and predictive intelligence capabilities help customers personalize the shopping experience and accelerate revenue growth. As a result, our customers on average have grown their ecommerce revenue faster than industry benchmarks calculated by comScore and eMarketer.

Our Demandware Store solution, a new solution currently available to several charter customers in North America, is a customizable point of sale and store operations solution delivered through the cloud.  Demandware Store offers core point of sale, mobile point of sale, store operations and endless aisle capabilities that enable our customers to modernize their point of sale and store operations, decrease the complexity of managing store operations and unify the in-store experience with digital commerce.  Our enterprise-class cloud-based point of sale and in-store management solution will enable continuous delivery of innovative features and enhancements without disrupting operations.  Delivery of continuous innovation is a major improvement over traditional point of sale and in-store management solutions that retailers typically only upgrade every five to seven years. Demandware Store will provide in-store resiliency to enable transactions to be processed and records maintained in the event of a store network outage.  Demandware Store will deliver a heightened brand experience to consumers through omni-channel use cases.

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Through our Demandware Commerce Cloud platform, both store operations and digital commerce will share strategic capabilities such as merchandising and promotions management, as well as a shared view of customers, products, prices, orders and other critical data. With our Demandware Commerce Cloud, our customers will be able to merge in-store operations with digital commerce to deliver a unified consumer experience.

By using our solutions, our customers avoid the need for a large upfront investment in on-premise infrastructure and customized software that is difficult and expensive to implement, upgrade and maintain. They also avoid the limitations of generic solutions that typically do not offer the flexibility, functionality and openness required for retailers and branded manufacturers to create, manage and control their own customized brand presence and interactions with customers across channels. Through our cloud, multi-tenant delivery model, we combine the functionality, flexibility and customization capabilities of in-house solutions with the lower costs, speed of implementation, ease of upgrades and other operational benefits of a hosted platform.

A component of our offering is our ecosystem of trusted partners, Demandware LINK, that complements and optimizes the Demandware Commerce Cloud. Demandware LINK is comprised of technology, solution and end-to end partners. LINK Technology Partners provide customers with access to innovative technologies that complement the Demandware Commerce Cloud through pre-built integrations which lowers the cost, complexity and time to deploy the technology when compared to custom built integrations. LINK Solution Partners specialize in strategy, design and implementation services for complex digital commerce operations. LINK End-to-End Partners combine the power of our solution with a host of complementary business capabilities to provide a comprehensive solution for digital commerce. Our Demandware Digital customers include multinational corporations, large retailers and branded manufacturers, such as 1-800 CONTACTS, adidas, Barneys New York, Bestseller, Carter’s, Deckers, Guthy-Renker, House of Fraser, Kate Spade, L’Oreal, mothercare, Motorola Mobility, s.Oliver and Tory Burch, and we have several charter customers for Demandware Store in North America and are preparing Demandware Store to become generally available to customers in other geographic regions. We sell Demandware Digitial domestically and internationally through both direct and indirect channels. We have direct sales teams throughout North America, Europe and Asia and reseller relationships with our LINK partners in various geographic regions. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our revenue recognition and operations in different geographic regions.

The following chart shows the aggregate number of digital customers using the Demandware Commerce Cloud and the aggregate number of their sites operating on our platform from March 31, 2011 to December 31, 2015.

We generated revenue of $106.6 million, $160.6 million and $237.3 million in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. We had net losses of $18.0 million, $27.1 million and $37.0 million in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

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Industry Overview

Key Drivers of Growth for the Retail Industry

We believe our total addressable market is at the center of three large and growing sectors: retail, digital commerce and cloud computing. According to eMarketer and IDC, in 2014 the size of the global retail market was approximately $22 trillion, the global ecommerce software market was approximately $10 billion and the global cloud market was approximately $50 billion. The growth of the ecommerce market is in double digits according to eMarketer, which is being driven by several factors, including widespread broadband internet connectivity, proliferation of mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, growing consumer preference for online shopping, the emergence of shopping channels such as social networks, messaging platforms and mobile applications and the convergence of the digital and brick and mortar retail channels. Other major contributors to growth are the increase in branded manufacturers seeking to market their brands directly to consumers through their own digital commerce sites and the growth in number of retail locations, driven in part by growing competition from online marketplaces.

Digital and physical channels are converging. Consumers are demanding a more relevant, personalized shopping experience while retailers are striving to provide consumers with experiences that appropriately reflect their identities across channels. In addition, retailers are increasingly looking to improve efficiency, reduce complexity, replace outdated, expensive legacy hardware and software, and lower costs by automating processes, optimizing inventory and centralizing all key product and consumer information to provide flexible, personalized consumer experiences. The combination of an increasingly connected consumer and the flexibility and intelligence of the digital channel is driving demand for omni-channel experiences that optimize the retail experience regardless of location, channel or device.

Increasing Complexity of Commerce

While the digital commerce market is expanding, it is also becoming more complex, particularly for global multi-channel retailers and branded manufacturers trying to reach consumers with consistent brand experiences across multiple channels, geographies and digital touch points, including brick and mortar stores. Several trends are driving this increased complexity:

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Limitations of Traditional Commerce Solutions

With the exception of our cloud solution, the typical solution for the creation and management of a digital commerce business is an on-premise custom platform using enterprise software, which is built, customized and maintained by the merchant itself. While traditional on-premise enterprise software solutions may offer the benefits of in-house control and differentiation through custom development, they typically have the following disadvantages:

Many stores today operate on a diverse set of systems designed, implemented and managed to solve individual problems, with complex integrations and many points of failure. These systems limit retailers’ ability to innovate the in-store consumer experience, including seamless transitions between the store and digital commerce. Since typical store solutions are delivered via on-premise software embedded in costly hardware for each location, they are difficult to deploy, costly to maintain and nearly impossible to upgrade without replacing systems.

Opportunity for Cloud Commerce Solutions

A cloud delivery model combines the lower costs and speed of implementation with the functionality, flexibility and customization capabilities of on-premise enterprise software solutions. As a result, the adoption of cloud solutions across industries including salesforce management, enterprise resource planning, human resource management, and marketing solutions has grown significantly and outpaced the growth of traditional on-premise enterprise software product delivery.

Consumers today expect a unified experience: consistent and relevant interactions wherever, whenever and however they shop. To make this happen, retailers need a set of capabilities that power unified commerce experiences across all channels, bringing digital commerce, order management, point of sale and predictive intelligence into a shared commerce experience. We believe there is a significant opportunity for a company that offers comprehensive cloud solutions designed to address the increasingly complex requirements of retailers and brands.

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Our Solution

Demandware Commerce combines a multi-tenant enterprise-class cloud platform, digital commerce and retail capabilities with supporting services and access to a broad community of customers and partners. The Demandware Digital solution enables our customers to more easily launch, manage and integrate multiple digital commerce sites across brands, geographies and channels, initiate marketing campaigns more quickly, manage product merchandising, view product, customer and product information, and create highly customized consumer experiences, all of which can lead to increased revenue. The Demandware Store solution offers core point of sale, mobile point of sale, store operations and endless aisle capabilities that enable our customers to modernize their point of sale and store operations, deploy rapidly in new stores, easily roll-out new functionality, decrease the complexity of managing store operations and unify the in-store experience with digital commerce.  

We believe  Demandware Commerce Cloud provides the following benefits to our customers:

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Our Strategy

Our strategy is to extend our position as a leading provider of cloud commerce solutions by providing retailers and branded manufacturers with a unified platform to orchestrate all transactions and manage the consumer experience and engagement across all channels and digital touch points globally. Since our inception, we have expanded our offerings and customer base through organic growth and more recently by acquiring incremental functionality, such as order management, predictive intelligence and point of sale. Key elements of our strategy include:

Retaining and Expanding Business with Existing Customers 

As our solutions become increasingly integral to the success of our customers’ commerce operations, we expect to maintain our strong retention rates by providing our customers with high levels of service and support as well as new solutions and enhanced functionality. We have structured our digital commerce contracts to align our interests with those of our customers by generally participating in a share of our customers’ gross revenue processed on our platform. We believe we have the following opportunities to grow our business with our customers:

Growing Our Customer Base 

A significant component of our strategy is winning new customers. We believe that managing a successful commerce operation across channels is more demanding and complex than ever and companies will increasingly migrate to cloud solutions like ours. We believe the continued growth of digital commerce as a strategic and differentiated sales channel, as well as the convergence of the digital and physical channels, provides us with a significant opportunity to acquire new customers by:

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Develop Next Generation Technology that Provides Unified Commerce Experiences

The digital and physical retail channels are converging and retailers are increasingly looking for a unified commerce platform to manage all consumer interactions across these channels. A unified commerce platform consolidates and manages key data elements, business rules, and functionality that traditionally were housed in the build and run model in multiple disparate consumer facing and back office systems. A unified commerce platform also simplifies technology operations, enables seamless consumer engagement and provides retailers with high levels of control and information about the retail enterprise and the consumer, which leads to increased margin and revenue. We intend to invest in three primary areas to enable us to deliver on a unified commerce platform strategy:

Continuing to Innovate, Add New Functionality and Speed the Time to Implement Our Solution

We have developed a deep understanding of the commerce challenges faced by our customers. We continually collaborate with our customers to build extensive product functionality that addresses the rapidly changing commerce environment, including technology requirements, shifts in consumer preferences, changes in social networks, the introduction of new channels as well as the convergence of in-store and online shopping. We plan to use our expertise in commerce to develop new applications, features and functionality that will enhance our solutions and expand our addressable market. We also plan to add incremental functionality to our solutions opportunistically through acquisitions, as we did with order management, predictive intelligence and point of sale.

Expanding and Strengthening Our Partner Ecosystem

We intend to continue to grow our partner ecosystem, Demandware LINK, to speed our customers’ implementations, develop additional sales opportunities, extend our platform with innovative technologies and provide customers with access to comprehensive services. LINK Technology partners provide customers with access to technologies that complement the Demandware Commerce Cloud through pre-built integrations, which lower the cost, complexity and time to deploy the technology. LINK Solution partners such as Accenture, Amblique, Be Excellent, BORN, Fluid, Itelios, Lyons Group, MediaHive, MobizCorp, OSF Global Services, PFSweb and SapientNitro provide customers with high quality implementations and ongoing solution support as well as ongoing strategy, design and marketing services. We also have strategic relationships with LINK End-to-End Partners such as arvato and PFSweb that provide full-service end-to-end digital commerce solutions by combining the Demandware Commerce Cloud with a host of complementary services, such as logistics and warehousing.

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Products and Services

The following diagram illustrates the key components of our Demandware Commerce offering:

Through our offering, Demandware Commerce, we offer a comprehensive cloud commerce platform, the Demandware Commerce Cloud, related services and participation in a community that extends the value of the platform, along with a business model designed for sustained customer revenue growth. We deliver our solutions on-demand to our customers who can access and manage their commerce businesses over the internet using a standard web browser and through mobile applications. The foundation of our offering is our technology platform, the Demandware Commerce Cloud. Our customers leverage the Demandware Commerce Cloud to create compelling ecommerce and in-store consumer interactions; to deliver omni-channel experiences and to leverage machine learning technology to turn data into actionable and predictable intelligence.

Demandware Commerce Cloud

Our customers’ consumers interact with the Demandware Commerce Cloud through various channels, such as web, mobile devices, social media, stores and other emerging channels. It is through these channels that retailers create consistent brand experiences for the consumer.

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Demandware Digital

Through Demandware Digital, our customers can manage consumer interactions across all digital touch points globally, enabling a seamless and consistent brand experience on any channel. Our solution is built to support digital commerce best practices and can be customized to individual needs, with full access to a sophisticated omni-channel marketing and merchandising engine and open development environment. By leveraging the power of Demandware Digital, customers can create omni-channel consumer experiences that include:

Demandware Digital provides the following additional benefits to our customers:

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Demandware Store  

Through Demandware Store, retailers will benefit from the following features:

LINK Technology Integrations 

Through LINK Technology partners, merchants and developers have access to an extensive library of integrations to third party applications. These applications include email marketing, campaign management, payment management, personalization, social commerce, tax applications and ratings and reviews. We support our partners in the development of their integrations and undertake an approval process to evaluate quality and compatibility before the integration is made available for download through Demandware LINK.

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Customer Success

We have developed a comprehensive customer success program as a key component of our engagement model, which is designed to enable our customers to achieve sustained revenue growth and is delivered within the context of a shared success business relationship. In this program, customer success managers work hand-in-hand with our customers’ executives to maximize the value of their investment. These customer success managers are focused on growing our customers’ revenue by taking full advantage of the marketing and merchandising features and functionality of Demandware Commerce and providing our customers with a deep understanding of industry practices in site design, merchandising, analytics, interactive marketing, personalization and multi-channel integration. In addition, these customer success managers work with our customers to implement complex commerce strategies including global expansion, multi-brand businesses and omni-channel operations.

We monitor customer satisfaction as part of formalized programs and at regular intervals during the customer lifecycle, including during the transition from sales to implementation, at the completion of an implementation project and on an on-going basis based on interactions with the customer success team.

Client and Enablement Services

Our customer enablement methodology includes templates and processes to help project teams focus on the key tactical and strategic areas to maximize returns on our customers’ commerce investments and minimize business risk. Our customer enablement methodology includes our tactical process to successfully build and deploy a digital commerce site utilizing Demandware Digital. Our services include:

Customers

We have a wide variety of customers across several industries and geographies. As of December 31, 2015, we had 331 revenue generating ecommerce customers operating sites on Demandware Digital, up from 204 and 267 as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Some of our ecommerce customers have multiple sites supporting several geographies and brands. As of December 31, 2015, there were 1,506 revenue generating sites on our platform, up from 820 and 1,143 as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

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Some of our significant customers for Demandware Digital for the year ended December 31, 2015 include the following, arranged alphabetically by category:

Revenue from customers in apparel and footwear represented approximately 52% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015.

See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our significant customers.

Sales and Marketing

We sell our cloud solutions primarily through our direct sales force, which includes field sales representatives, sales engineers, sales management, strategic sales executives and account development representatives. Our direct sales force is organized by geographic region. Our direct sales force targets primarily enterprise customers, larger retailers and branded manufacturers that seek to implement large or more advanced digital commerce merchandising platforms across multiple channels and geographies or sophisticated consumer experiences in stores. Our sales cycle can vary substantially from customer to customer, but typically requires six to nine months depending on the size and complexity of the opportunity. It takes on average six months to implement and launch an initial digital commerce site for a new customer. In 2015, a substantial majority of our implementations were done by third party LINK partners including companies like Accenture, Amblique, Be Excellent, BORN, Fluid, Itelios, Lyons Group, MediaHive, MobizCorp, OSF Global Services, PFSweb and Sapient Nitro.

We also sell through selected LINK End-to-End partners, such as arvato and PFSweb, that combine our Demandware Commerce Cloud with a host of complementary services, such as logistics and warehousing, to provide a comprehensive suite of capabilities for digital commerce.

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Our marketing efforts and lead generation activities consist primarily of customer referrals, internet advertising, telemarketing, e-mail marketing, social marketing, trade shows, industry events and press releases. Our marketing programs target our prospective customers’ commerce executives, senior business leaders and c-suite executives. We also host frequent conferences in which customers participate, including annual global customer conferences in North America and Europe, and we present a variety of programs with our Demandware LINK ecosystem of partners designed to help accelerate cross-channel commerce success with our integrated solutions.

Technology, Operations and Research and Development

Technology

Since our founding, we designed Demandware Commerce in a cloud architecture, which our customers can access through a standard web browser. Demandware Commerce leverages common applications to manage core objects and services across our solutions. The Demandware LINK community is available to assist all Demandware Commerce customers with strategy, implementation and design. We employ common tools and technology across our solutions to integrate with third party applications.

Our Demandware Digital solution has several key design elements:

Demandware Store has the following design elements:

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Operations

We physically host our cloud infrastructure for our customers in secure data center facilities located in North America, Europe and Asia. We contract for use of these data center facilities primarily from Equinix Operating Co., Sungard Availability Service, LP and NaviSite, Inc. We engineer and architect the actual computer, storage and network systems on which our platform operates, which we call our grid computing points of delivery, or PODs, and deploy them to the data center facilities, which provide physical security, including staffed security, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The data center facilities also have biometric access controls, redundant power and environmental controls. We provide system security, including firewalls and encryption technology, and we conduct regular system tests and vulnerability assessments. In the event of a failure, we have engineered our computing grid with back-up and redundancy capabilities designed to provide for business continuity. In addition, we use public cloud services, such as Amazon Web Services, to support some of our capabilities.

Research and Development

Our research and development organization is focused on the complete product development lifecycle, including developing new solutions and enhancing existing solutions. We continually enhance our cloud infrastructure and platform and develop new applications to meet our customers’ commerce needs. Our research and development organization is located in our offices in Burlington, Massachusetts; Jena, Germany; Cambridge, Massachusetts; Deerfield Beach, Florida and Salt Lake City, Utah.

Our development methodology, in combination with our on-demand delivery model, allows us to release new and enhanced software features multiple times a year. We patch our software on a regular basis. Based on feedback from our customers and prospects, we continually develop new functionality while enhancing and maintaining our existing solutions. We do not need to maintain multiple engineering teams to support different versions of the code because all of our customers are running on the current version of our solutions.

Our research and development expenses were $65.3 million, $35.0 million and $20.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Competition

The market for commerce software, services and solutions is intensely competitive, subject to rapid technological change and significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities. We expect competition to persist and intensify in the future. Our primary sources of competition for our Demandware Digital solution include:

Our primary sources of competition for our Demandware Store solution include: Aptos, Fujitsu, Manhattan Associates, NCR and Oracle/Micros.

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We compete primarily on the basis of our robust set of merchandising capabilities and features, the reliability and scalability of our solutions, our speed of deployment, the customization of our platform, our continual innovation, our omni-channel capabilities, the extendibility of our Demandware Commerce Cloud and our strategy to deliver a unified consumer experience.

Our current and potential competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do, and there is no assurance we will be able to continue to compete effectively.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

Our intellectual property and proprietary rights are important to our business. To safeguard them, we rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark and other rights in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology, processes and other intellectual property. We have four issued U.S. patents. We have confidentiality and license agreements with employees, contractors, customers, resellers and other third parties, which limit access to and use of our proprietary information and software. Though we rely in part upon these legal and contractual protections, we believe that factors such as the skills and ingenuity of our employees and the functionality and frequent enhancements to our solutions are larger contributors to our success in the marketplace.

Despite our efforts to preserve and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights, unauthorized third parties may attempt to copy, reverse engineer, or otherwise obtain portions of our solutions. Competitors may attempt to develop similar products that could compete in the same market as our products. Unauthorized disclosure of our confidential information by our employees or third parties could occur. Laws of other jurisdictions may not protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights from unauthorized use or disclosure in the same manner as the United States. The risk of unauthorized use of our proprietary and intellectual property rights may increase as our company continues to expand outside of the United States.

Third party infringement claims are also possible in our industry, especially as software functionality and features expand, evolve, and overlap with other industry segments. Third parties, including non-practicing patent holders, have from time to time claimed, in lawsuits or otherwise, and could claim in the future, that our customers’ operations infringe patents they now hold or might obtain or be issued in the future. In most cases, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against claims that our solutions infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. We have also received direct claims from, or been sued by, such third party entities alleging infringement. See Item 1A“Risk Factors—We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.”

Seasonality

Our subscription revenue fluctuates as a result of seasonal variations in our business, principally due to our customers’ revenue peaks during the holiday season, which correspondingly results in higher subscription revenue in the fourth quarter than in other quarters. As a result, we have historically had higher subscription revenue in our fourth quarter than other quarters in a given year. Revenue for the fourth quarter represented 34.3%, 32.7%, and 31.8% of our total revenue in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Business Segment and Geographical Information

We operate in a single operating segment. For geographical financial information, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Backlog

For information regarding our contract backlog, see Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview–Key– Metrics–Total Contract Value Backlog.”

Employees

At December 31, 2015, we had 943 employees, including 271 in sales and marketing and 320 in research and development. Except in France, none of our employees is represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced a strike or similar work stoppage, and we believe that our relations with our employees are good.

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Recent Acquisition

On January 12, 2015, we acquired Tomax Corporation, an enterprise software company that provides an integrated solution for retail point of sale and store operations and related services. We continue to support and maintain existing customers of Tomax.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in Delaware in February 2004 as SSE Holding, Inc. and changed our name to Demandware, Inc. in August 2004. Our principal executive office is located at 5 Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 and our telephone number is (888) 553-9216.

Information Available on the Internet

We maintain an internet website at www.demandware.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our website address is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as an inactive technical reference only. Our reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are accessible through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed electronically with, or otherwise furnished to, the SEC. We also make available on our website the charters of our audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, as well as our corporate governance guidelines and our code of business conduct and ethics. In addition, we intend to disclose on our website any amendments to, or waivers from, our code of business conduct and ethics that are required to be disclosed pursuant to the SEC rules.

The following risk factors could materially affect our business, consolidated financial condition and results of operations. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we have identified as material, but are not the only risks and uncertainties we face. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties that affect many other companies, including overall economic and industry conditions. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are not material also may impair our business, consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

We have had a history of losses, and we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability.

We have had a history of losses since our inception. We experienced net losses of $18.0 million, $27.1 million and $37.0 million in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2015, our accumulated deficit was $149.2 million and total stockholders’ equity was $287.5 million. We expect to incur operating losses as a result of expenses associated with the continued development and expansion of our business. Our expenses include sales and marketing, research and development and other costs relating to the development, marketing and sale of our solutions and consulting services that may not generate revenue until later periods, if at all. Any failure to increase revenue or manage our cost structure as we implement initiatives to grow our business could prevent us from achieving or sustaining profitability. In addition, our ability to achieve profitability is subject to a number of the risks and uncertainties discussed below, many of which are beyond our control. We cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve or sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

We have been in existence since 2004, and much of our growth has occurred in recent periods. Our limited operating history may make it difficult for our stockholders to evaluate our current business and our future prospects. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including increasing and unforeseen expenses as we continue to grow our business. If we do not manage these risks successfully, our business will be harmed.

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We depend on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue. The loss of a key customer or the significant reduction of business from one of our largest customers could significantly reduce our revenue.

We have derived, and we believe that we will continue to derive, a substantial portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2015, our ten largest customers by revenue accounted for an aggregate of approximately 19.4% of our revenue. If we were to lose one or more of our key customers, there is no assurance that we would be able to replace such customers with new customers that generate comparable revenue at the same margins, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our operating results for the foreseeable future will continue to depend on our ability to sell our commerce solutions to a limited number of prospective customers. Revenue growth will depend on our success in growing our customers’ revenue processed on our Demandware Commerce Cloud, increasing sales and usage of our solutions and capabilities and expanding our customer base to include additional customers.

Our business is subject to security risks, including security breaches.

Our business involves the storage and transmission of our customers’ and our customers’ consumers’ sensitive information, including financial information, such as payment card information, and other personally identifiable information. Certain prominent retail companies have disclosed breaches of their security resulting from sophisticated and highly targeted attacks on portions of their websites or in-store infrastructure. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable, deny, disrupt, destroy or degrade services or systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Our systems and our customers’ systems and customizations are vulnerable to computer viruses or other malware, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, and certain of our customers have experienced denial-of-service type attacks that have, in certain instances, made all or portions of customers’ websites unavailable for periods of time. In addition, consumers and our employees have been and will continue to be targeted by parties using fraudulent “spoof” and “phishing” emails that may lead to the misappropriation of user names, passwords, payment card numbers, or other sensitive information or to the introduction of computer viruses or other malware to users’ computers. Credentials stolen through such means can provide hackers with access to our or our customers’ network or point of sale devices. Data security breaches may also result from non-technical means, such as inadvertent, complacent, or malicious actions by an employee or contractor or former employee or contractor.

We rely on encryption and authentication technology from third parties to provide the security and authentication to effectively secure transmission of confidential information, including consumer payment card numbers. Such technology may not be sufficient to protect the transmission of such confidential information or these technologies may have material defects that may compromise the confidentiality or integrity of the transmitted data. In addition, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in the technology used by us to protect transaction data being weakened, breached or compromised. As a result of rapid innovation, we may develop or deploy capabilities and services that use emerging technologies or environments with weaker security. A party that is able to circumvent our security measures or the security measures of our customers or third party vendors could misappropriate our, our customers’ or our customers’ consumers’ sensitive and financial information, cause interruption in our operations, damage our computers or those of our customers or our customers’ consumers, alter sensitive information or system configurations, or otherwise damage our reputation.

Security breaches and related malicious acts could cause us to incur substantial costs and liability claims from our customers and result in loss of customer confidence, which could materially adversely affect our reputation and results of operations or cause material harm to our business. If an actual or perceived breach of our security or our customers’ security occurs, public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed resulting in damage to our reputation and loss of current or prospective customers. There may be vulnerabilities in our systems that result in significant threats that we cannot mitigate. Such vulnerabilities may lead to sustained heightened exposure to breach or may require us to disable services for an extended period of time. Also any compromise of our security or our customers’ security could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, trigger disclosure obligations, and expose us to significant legal and financial exposure. Further, we may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches. These issues may become more difficult and costly and the risks associated with security breaches may become more significant as we continue to expand our operations into brick and mortar stores with, for example, our point of sale solutions, and the services and features that we provide to our customers. Our insurance coverage limits may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches.

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If we fail to manage our cloud network infrastructure capacity, our existing customers may experience service outages and our new customers may experience delays in the deployment of our commerce solutions.

We have experienced significant growth in the number of users and transactions and the amount of data that our cloud network infrastructure supports. We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our cloud network infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers. We also seek to maintain excess capacity to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer deployments and the expansion of existing customer deployments, as well as redundancy for customer deployments. However, the provision of new cloud network infrastructure requires significant lead time. If we do not accurately predict our infrastructure capacity requirements, particularly for the fourth quarter when we might experience significant increases in traffic, our customers could experience service outages that may subject us to financial penalties and financial liabilities and result in customer losses. If our cloud network infrastructure capacity fails to keep pace with increased sales and customer expansion, customers may experience delays as we seek to obtain additional capacity, which could harm our reputation and adversely affect our revenue growth.

We use a limited number of data centers to deliver our services. Any disruption of service at these facilities could harm our business.

We manage our services and serve our customers from a limited number of third party data center facilities. While we engineer and architect the actual computer and storage systems upon which our platform runs, which we call our grid computing points of delivery, or PODs, and deploy them to the data center facilities, we do not control the operation of these data center facilities.

The owners of the data center facilities have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, we may be required to transfer to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so.

Any changes in third party service levels at the data centers or any security breaches, errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our services could harm our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses. Interruptions in our services might reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits to customers, subject us to potential liability, and cause customers to terminate their subscriptions or harm our renewal and acquisition rates.

The data centers are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, intentional bad acts, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, war, terrorist attacks, labor strikes, health epidemic, power losses, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures and similar events. At least one of the data facilities is located in an area known for seismic activity, increasing our susceptibility to the risk that an earthquake could significantly harm the operations of these facilities. The occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, vandalism or other misconduct, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our services.

We recognize ecommerce subscription revenue over the term of the subscription agreement and, therefore, a significant downturn in our business may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

We recognize ecommerce revenue from our customers’ subscription agreements monthly over the terms of these agreements, which is typically three years. As a result, a significant portion of the revenue we report in each quarter is generated from customer agreements entered into during previous periods. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not impact our financial performance in that quarter, but might negatively affect our ecommerce revenue in future quarters. If a number of contracts expire and are not renewed in the same quarter, our revenue may decline significantly in that quarter and subsequent quarters. In addition, we may be unable to adjust our fixed costs in response to reduced revenue. Accordingly, the effect of significant declines in sales or renewals and market acceptance of our solutions may not be reflected in our short-term results of operations.

Our business is substantially dependent upon the continued growth of the market for cloud software solutions.

We derive, and expect to continue to derive, substantially all of our revenue from the sale of our cloud commerce solutions. As a result, widespread acceptance and use of the cloud business model, including our expansion of our operations into brick and mortar stores with, for example, our point of sale solutions, is critical to our future growth and success. Under the perpetual or periodic license model for software procurement, users of the software would typically run the applications on their hardware. Because many companies are generally predisposed to maintaining control of their information technology systems and infrastructure, there may be resistance to the concept of accessing software functionality as a service provided by a third party. In addition, the market for cloud software solutions is still evolving, and competitive dynamics may cause pricing levels to change, as the market matures and as existing and new market participants introduce new types of solutions and different approaches to enable organizations to address their commerce needs. As a result, we may be forced to reduce the prices we charge for our solutions and may be unable to renew existing customer agreements or enter into new customer agreements at the same prices and upon the same terms as we have historically. If the

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market for cloud software solutions fails to grow, grows more slowly than we currently anticipate or evolves and forces us to reduce the prices we charge for our solutions, demand for our solutions and our revenue, gross margin and other operating results could be materially adversely affected.

We rely on a variable pricing model for ecommerce customers and any change in that model could adversely affect our financial results.

We have adopted a variable pricing model by which we generally participate in a share of our ecommerce customers’ gross revenue processed on our platform. This pricing model aligns our interests with those of our ecommerce customers and requires us to expand our processing and support infrastructure as activity on our customers’ digital commerce sites increases. If ecommerce customers were to demand a fixed pricing model that did not provide for variability based on their level of usage of our Demandware Commerce Cloud, our financial results could be adversely affected.

Our lengthy sales and implementation cycles make it difficult to predict our future revenue and causes variability in our operating results.

Our sales cycle can vary substantially from customer to customer, but typically requires six to nine months depending on the size and complexity of the opportunity. It takes on average six months to implement and launch an initial digital commerce site for a new customer. A number of factors influence the length and variability of our sales and implementation cycles, including, for example:

In addition, as we target more sales efforts at large enterprise customers, we may face greater costs, lower gross margins, longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales. The customer’s decision to use our service may be an enterprise-wide decision and, if so, these types of sales would require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our solutions.

Lengthy sales and implementation cycles make it difficult to predict the quarter in which revenue from a new customer may first be recognized. Further, our potential customers frequently need to obtain approvals from multiple decision makers before making purchase decisions. Delays in our sales or implementation cycles and our ability to accurately predict the timing of completion of our sales could cause significant variability in our revenue and operating results for any particular period.

If we are unable to retain our existing customers, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.

We generally recognize revenue from our ecommerce customers’ subscription agreements monthly over the terms of these agreements, which is typically three years. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions after their subscription period expires, and these subscriptions may not be renewed on the same or on more profitable terms. As a result, our ability to grow depends in part on subscription renewals. We may not be able to accurately predict future trends in customer renewals, and our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate because of several factors, including their dissatisfaction with our services, the cost of our services and the cost of services offered by our competitors and reductions in our customers’ spending levels. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our services or renew on less favorable terms, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline, and our profitability and gross margins may be harmed.

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Our business and operations have experienced rapid growth and organizational change in recent periods, which has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and infrastructure. If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately.

Our growth, both organic and by acquisition, has placed, and may continue to place, a significant strain on our managerial, administrative, operational, financial and other resources. We intend to further expand our overall business, customer base, headcount and operations both domestically and internationally, with no assurance that our business or revenue will continue to grow. Creating a global organization, integrating acquired businesses and solutions and managing a geographically dispersed workforce requires substantial management effort, the allocation of valuable management resources and significant additional investment in our infrastructure. As we are required to include acquired businesses under our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting procedures, we may not be able to do so effectively. As such, we may be unable to manage our expenses effectively in the future, which may negatively impact our gross margins or operating expenses in any particular quarter. If we fail to manage our growth and change in a manner that preserves the key aspects of our corporate culture, the quality of our solutions may suffer, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation and harm our ability to retain and attract customers.

Failure to effectively maintain and expand our direct sales and customer management teams and develop and expand our sales channels for all of our solutions will impede our growth.

We will need to continue to expand our sales and marketing infrastructure in order to grow our customer base and our business and to renew and expand with existing customers across all of our solutions, some of which we have little experience in selling. Identifying, recruiting and training these sales and marketing personnel will require significant time, expense and attention. Our business will be seriously harmed and our financial resources will be wasted if our efforts to expand our sales channels do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue. In particular, if we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel or if our new direct sales personnel are unable to achieve expected productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, we may not be able to significantly increase our revenue and grow our business.

The significant investment in, and the launch of our new solution, Demandware Store, may give rise to risks that could harm our business. 

We are devoting significant resources to the development of Demandware Store, our cloud solution for point of sale, an industry in which we have limited expertise and a limited operating history. Point of sale solutions have not traditionally been delivered through a cloud model, and market acceptance for cloud point of sale is uncertain. Our point of sale strategy requires continued investment in product development and operations as well as a change in the way we price and deliver our products. Many of our competitors may have advantages over us due to their larger presence and deeper experience in the point of sale industry, and greater sales and marketing resources. It is uncertain whether our point of sale strategy will prove successful, and it may give rise to risks that could harm our business.

There can be no assurance that we will be successful in launching Demandware Store, that errors will not be fixed in our new product after launch or that our new product will adequately address the changing needs of the point of sale market.  We have several charter customers for Demandware Store in North America and are preparing Demandware Store to become generally available to customers in various geographic regions. Due to the limited use of Demandware Store by our customers, there is a risk that our new product will not be successful, which could result in the loss of or delay in customer acceptance, diversion of development resources, damage to our reputation, or increased service and warranty costs, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The seasonality of our customers’ business creates variance in our quarterly revenue.

Our customers are retailers and branded manufacturers that typically realize a significant portion of their sales in the fourth quarter of each calendar year, specifically during the holiday season. As a result of this seasonal variation, our ecommerce subscription revenue fluctuates, with additional fees in excess of committed levels, called overage fees, being higher in the fourth quarter than in other quarters and with revenue generally declining in the first quarter sequentially from the fourth quarter.

We are dependent upon consumers’ willingness to use the internet for commerce.

Our success depends upon the general public’s continued willingness to use the internet, whether through a computer, smart phone, tablet or other internet-enabled device, as a means to purchase goods, communicate, and conduct and research commercial transactions. If consumers become unwilling or less willing to use the internet for commerce for any reason, including lack of access to high-speed communications equipment, congestion of traffic on the internet, internet outages or delays, disruptions or other damage to users’ computers, smart phones, tablets or other internet enabled-devices, increases in the cost of accessing the internet and security and privacy risks or the perception of such risks, our business may be materially adversely affected.

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Even if demand for commerce solutions increases generally, demand for cloud solutions like ours may not increase to a corresponding degree.

For our customers and potential customers to be willing to invest in our commerce solutions, the internet must continue to be accepted and widely used for commerce and communication and physical and digital commerce must continue to converge. If commerce does not grow or grows more slowly than expected, then our future revenue and profits may not meet our expectations or those of analysts. The widespread adoption of our solutions depends not only on strong demand for commerce products and services generally, but also for products and services delivered via a cloud business model in particular. Many companies continue to rely primarily or exclusively on traditional means of commerce that are not internet-based and may be reluctant to change their patterns of commerce. Even if such companies do adopt commerce solutions, it is unclear whether they will desire cloud commerce solutions like ours. As a result, we cannot assure our stockholders that our cloud commerce solutions will achieve and sustain the high level of market acceptance that is critical for the future success of our business.

If we fail to develop our brand cost-effectively, our business may suffer.

We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our existing and future solutions and is an important element in attracting new customers. Furthermore, we believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in our market increases. Successful promotion of our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and on our ability to provide reliable and useful services at competitive prices. In the past, our efforts to build our brand have required significant effort and cost. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incurred in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, or incur substantial expenses in an unsuccessful attempt to promote and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract enough new customers or retain our existing customers to the extent necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts, and our business could suffer.

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

We face intense competition in the market for commerce applications and services, and we expect competition to intensify in the future. We have competitors with longer operating histories, larger customer bases and greater financial, technical innovation, marketing and other resources than we do. Increased competition may result in reduced pricing for our solutions, longer sales cycles or a decrease of our market share, any of which could negatively affect our revenue and future operating results and our ability to grow our business.

A number of competitive factors could cause us to lose potential sales or to sell our solutions at lower prices or at reduced margins, including, among others:

We cannot ensure that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. In addition, competition may intensify as our competitors enter into business combinations or alliances or raise additional capital and established companies in other market segments or geographic markets expand into our market segments or geographic markets. If we cannot compete successfully against our competitors, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.

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Mergers of or other strategic transactions by our competitors or our customers could weaken our competitive position or reduce our revenue.

If one or more of our competitors were to merge or partner with another of our competitors, the change in the competitive landscape could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Our competitors may also establish or strengthen cooperative relationships with our current or future strategic resellers, systems integrators, third party consulting firms or other parties with whom we or our customers or prospects have relationships, thereby limiting our ability to promote our solutions and limiting the number of consultants available to implement our solutions. In addition, we have lost and may continue to lose customers that merge with or are acquired by companies using a competitor’s or an internally developed solution. Disruptions in our business caused by these events could reduce our revenue.

Our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.

We anticipate that we will continue to depend on various third party relationships in order to grow our business. We intend to pursue additional relationships with other third parties, such as technology and content providers, implementation consultants and social media partners. Identifying, negotiating and documenting relationships with third parties require significant time and resources as does integrating third party content and technology. Some of the third parties that sell our solutions have the direct contractual relationships with our ultimate end-user customers, and therefore we risk the loss of such customers if the third parties fail to perform their obligations. If the performance of our third party partners is not well received by our customers, our brand and reputation could be negatively affected. Our agreements with resellers, providers of technology, content and consulting services and social media partners typically are non-exclusive, do not prohibit them from working with our competitors or from offering competing services and may not have minimum purchase commitments. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services or to prevent or reduce subscriptions to our solutions. In addition, these resellers and providers may not perform as expected under our agreements, and we have had, and may in the future have, disagreements or disputes with such resellers and providers, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation. A global economic slowdown could also adversely affect the businesses of our resellers, and it is possible that they may not be able to devote the resources we expect to the relationship.

If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with certain of these third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenue could be impaired and our operating results would suffer. Even if we are successful, we cannot assure our stockholders that these relationships will result in improved operating results.

We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.

In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights. Companies providing commerce solutions and services are increasingly bringing and becoming subject to suits alleging infringement of proprietary rights, particularly patent rights. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties, which we refer to as non-practicing entities, whose primary business is to assert such claims. We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending any intellectual property litigation. If we sue to enforce our rights or are sued by a third party that claims that our technology infringes its rights, the litigation could be expensive and could divert our management resources.

We have received direct demands from, or been sued by, certain non-practicing entities claiming infringement of patents owned by them. In addition, in most instances, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against certain claims that our solutions infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. We have received indemnification requests from many customers that have received letters from, or been sued by, non-practicing entities claiming infringement of patents owned by them. Many of those underlying claims, and the extent, if any, of our indemnification obligations, have not yet been resolved. Some of these patents are the subject of pending legal proceedings between the patent owners and one or more major companies engaged in commerce, and the outcome of those proceedings could affect the extent to which the patent owners seek to prosecute claims against us or our customers. Also, because the patent owners have asserted the same patents against multiple customers, an adverse resolution in the case of one customer could lead to adverse resolutions in the cases of other customers and such claims could potentially lead to greater exposure for us. Our business could be adversely affected by any significant disputes between us and our customers as to the applicability or scope of our indemnification obligations to them. The results of any intellectual property litigation to which we are or might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification, may require us to do one or more of the following:

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If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement claims against us or any obligation to indemnify our customers for such claims, such payments or costs could have a material adverse effect upon our business and financial results.

We could incur substantial costs in protecting our intellectual property from infringement, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could impair our business.

We seek to protect the source code for our proprietary software under a combination of patent, copyright and trade secrets laws. However, because we make portions of the source code available to some customers, subcontractors and partners, third parties may be more likely to misappropriate it. Our policy is to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, partners, subcontractors, consultants, vendors and customers and to control access to our software, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for someone to copy our software or other proprietary information without authorization or to develop similar software independently.

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our solutions is difficult, and while we are unable to determine the extent to which piracy of our software exists, we expect software piracy to be a persistent problem. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, result in a diversion of resources, the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property and have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of our licensed products may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. As we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying and use of our products and proprietary information may increase.

There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology. If we fail to meaningfully protect our intellectual property, then our business, brand, operating results and financial condition could be materially harmed.

If our software products contain serious errors or defects, then we may lose revenue and market acceptance and may incur costs to defend or settle product liability or contract claims.

Complex software applications such as ours often contain errors or defects, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. Despite internal testing and testing by our customers and partners, our current and future products and releases may contain serious defects, which could result in lost revenue or a delay in market acceptance.

Since our customers use our products for critical business applications, namely ecommerce, order management, predictive intelligence and point of sale transactions, errors, defects or other performance problems could result in damage to our customers. They could seek significant compensation from us for the losses they suffer. Although our customer agreements typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to product liability claims, existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions could negate these limitations. Even if not successful, a product liability claim brought against us would likely be time-consuming and costly and could seriously damage our reputation in the marketplace, making it harder for us to sell our products and to renew our contracts with customers.

Government and industry regulation of the internet is evolving and could directly restrict our business or indirectly affect our business by limiting the growth of digital commerce. Unfavorable changes in government regulation or our failure to comply with regulations could harm our business and operating results.

As digital commerce evolves, federal, state and foreign agencies have adopted and could in the future adopt regulations covering issues such as user privacy, content, consumer protection, data protection, data transfer, data usage, accessibility, breach notification and taxation of products and services. Government regulations could limit the market for our products and services or impose burdensome requirements that render our business unprofitable. Our commerce solutions enable our customers to collect, manage and store a wide range of consumer data. The United States and various state governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution and use of personal information. Several foreign governments, including member states of the European Union, have adopted legislation (including directives and regulations) that increase or change the requirements governing data collection and storage in these jurisdictions. If our privacy or data security measures fail to comply with current or future laws and regulations, we may be subject to litigation, regulatory investigations or other liabilities, or our customers may terminate their relationships with us.

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In addition, although many regulations might not apply to our business directly, we expect that laws regulating the solicitation, collection or processing of personal and consumer information could affect our customers’ ability to use and share data, potentially reducing demand for our services. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 prohibits certain types of information and content from being transmitted over the internet. In addition, although substantial portions of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 were held to be unconstitutional, we cannot be certain that similar legislation will not be enacted and upheld in the future. It is possible that legislation could expose companies involved in digital commerce to liability, which could limit the growth of digital commerce generally. Legislation like the Telecommunications Act and the Communications Decency Act could limit the growth in web usage and decrease its acceptance as a medium of communications and commerce. Moreover, if future laws and regulations limit our customers’ ability to use and share consumer data or our ability to store, process and share data with our customers over the internet, demand for our solutions could decrease, our costs could increase, and our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

In addition, taxation of services provided over the internet or other charges imposed by government agencies or by private organizations for accessing the internet may also be imposed. Any regulation imposing greater fees for internet use, commerce sales or restricting information exchange over the internet could result in a decline in the use of the internet and the viability of internet-based services, which could harm our business and operating results.

We may not be able to respond to rapid technological changes with new solutions, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

The digital commerce market is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product and service introductions and evolving industry standards. Our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers will depend in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing solutions and those we acquire, introduce new solutions and capabilities and sell into new markets. To achieve market acceptance for our solutions, we must effectively anticipate and offer solutions that meet changing customer demands in a timely manner. Customers may require features and capabilities that our current solutions do not have. If we fail to develop solutions that satisfy customer preferences in a timely and cost-effective manner, our ability to renew our contracts with existing customers and our ability to create or increase demand for our solutions will be harmed.

We may experience difficulties with software development, industry standards, design, manufacturing or marketing that could delay or prevent our development, introduction or implementation of new solutions and enhancements. The introduction of new solutions by competitors, the emergence of new industry standards or the development of entirely new technologies to replace existing offerings could render our existing or future solutions obsolete.

If we are unable to successfully develop or acquire new digital capabilities and functionality, enhance our existing solutions to anticipate and meet customer preferences or sell our solutions into new markets, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales of our commerce solutions to customers located outside of the United States, and thus our business is susceptible to risks associated with international sales and operations.

Outside of the United States, we currently maintain offices and/or have sales personnel in Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and we intend to expand our international operations. Our operations in Japan are through a joint venture, of which we own 75%. Any international expansion efforts that we may undertake may not be successful. In addition, conducting international operations in new markets subjects us to new risks that we have not generally faced in the United States. These risks include:

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These factors may cause our international costs of doing business to exceed our comparable domestic costs. Operating in international markets also requires significant management attention and financial resources. Any negative impact from our international business efforts could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition as a whole.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets due to licensing requirements and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.

Our solutions are subject to export controls, including the Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and various economic and trade sanctions regulations established by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, and exports of our solutions must be made in compliance with these laws. If we fail to comply with these U.S. export control laws and import laws, including U.S. Customs regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export or import privileges; fines, which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers; and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible employees or managers. In addition, if our resellers fail to obtain appropriate import, export or re-export licenses or authorizations, we may also be adversely affected through reputational harm and penalties. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Furthermore, the U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions laws prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments and persons. Even though we take precautions to prevent our solutions from being shipped or provided to U.S. sanctions targets, our solutions and services could be shipped to those targets or provided by our resellers despite such precautions. Any such shipment could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permitting/licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our solutions or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our solutions in those countries. Some countries and regions have imposed, or are considering imposing, laws and regulations that require their residents’ data to be stored and processed within the country or regions; such laws and regulations could limit or impede our customers’ ability to implement our solutions in these countries or regions. Changes in our solutions or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction and sale of our solutions in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our solutions or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our solutions to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import regulations, economic sanctions or related laws, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our solutions, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our solutions to existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our solutions or limitation on our ability to export or sell our solutions would likely adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our use of “open source” software could negatively affect our ability to sell our services and subject us to possible litigation.

A portion of the technologies licensed by us incorporate so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses. If we fail to comply with these licenses, we may be subject to certain conditions, including requirements that we offer our solutions that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our solutions that contain the open source software and required to comply with the conditions described above, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our solutions. In addition, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their products. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our products.

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We rely on third party software, including server software and licenses from third parties to use patented intellectual property that is required for the delivery of our solutions, which may be difficult to obtain or which could cause errors or failures of our solutions.

We rely on software licensed from or hosted by third parties to offer our solutions and are dependent on these third party service providers. In addition, we may need to obtain future licenses from third parties to use intellectual property associated with the development of our solutions, which might not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any software required for the development and maintenance of our solutions could result in delays in the provision of our solutions until equivalent technology either is developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated, which could harm our business. Any errors or defects in third party software could result in errors or a failure of our solutions which could harm our business.

We may be exposed to potential risks if we do not have an effective system of disclosure controls or internal controls.

We must comply, on an on-going basis, with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including those provisions that establish the requirements for both management and auditors of public companies with respect to reporting on internal control over financial reporting. We cannot be certain that the compliance measures we have taken are sufficient to meet these requirements on a timely basis, or that we will be able to implement and maintain adequate disclosure controls and controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future, particularly in light of our rapid growth, international expansion and changes in our offerings, which are expected to result in on-going changes to our control systems and areas of potential risk.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting, including satisfaction of the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may not be able to accurately or timely report on our financial results or adequately identify and reduce fraud. As a result, the financial condition of our business could be adversely affected; current and potential future stockholders could lose confidence in us and/or our reported financial results, which may cause a negative effect on our trading price; and we could be exposed to litigation or regulatory proceedings, which may be costly or divert management attention.

We have expanded, and may expand in the future, by acquiring or investing in other companies, which may divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and consume resources that are necessary to sustain our business.

Our business strategy has included, and may include in the future, acquiring complementary services, solutions, technologies or businesses. We also have entered into, and may enter into in the future, relationships with other businesses to expand our service offerings or our ability to provide service in foreign jurisdictions, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution, discount pricing or investments in other companies. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may often be subject to conditions or approvals that are beyond our control. Consequently, these transactions, even if undertaken and announced, may not close.

Current or future acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or new business relationships, may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, we may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel or operations of the acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired company choose not to work for us, the company’s software is not easily adapted to work with ours or we have difficulty retaining the customers or partners of any acquired business due to changes in management or otherwise. As a result of the three companies that we acquired in 2014 and early 2015, we are spending significant time and attention in developing and integrating several new products with varied pricing, contracting and technology models, which may divert our sales and marketing resources. Acquisitions may also disrupt our business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our business. Moreover, the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment or business relationship may not be realized or we may be exposed to unknown liabilities. In the future, for one or more of those transactions, we may:

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Any of these risks could harm our business and operating results.

The loss of key personnel or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel may impair our ability to grow our business.

We are highly dependent upon the continued service and performance of our senior management team and key technical and sales personnel, such as our president and chief executive officer, our chief financial officer, our chief operating officer, our chief technology officer, our senior vice president of engineering and our general counsel. These and other key employees may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. The replacement of any key employee likely would involve significant time and costs, and the loss of any key employee may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

We face intense competition for qualified individuals from numerous technology and software companies. For example, our competitors may be able to attract and retain a more qualified engineering team by offering more competitive compensation packages. If we are unable to attract new engineers and retain our current engineers, we may not be able to develop and maintain our services at the same levels as our competitors and we may, therefore, lose potential and existing customers and sales penetration in certain markets. Our failure to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan and, as a result, our ability to compete would decrease, our operating results would suffer and our revenue would decrease. In addition, if any of our key employees joins a competitor or decides to otherwise compete with us, we may experience a material disruption of our operations and development plans, which may cause us to lose customers or increase operating expenses as the attention of our remaining senior managers is diverted to recruit replacements for the departed key employees.

Adverse fluctuations in the exchange rate of foreign currencies could result in currency transactions losses.

We currently have foreign sales denominated in Euros, British Pounds Sterling, Japanese Yen and Australian, New Zealand and Canadian dollars and may, in the future, have sales denominated in other foreign currencies. In addition, we incur a portion of our operating expenses in Euros, British Pounds Sterling and, to a lesser extent, other foreign currencies. Any adverse fluctuation in the exchange rate of these foreign currencies may negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against foreign currency fluctuations on the value of our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in Euros and British Pounds Sterling. These foreign currency forward contracts have maturities of approximately one month, and we may not be able to enter into new or replacement arrangements as these contracts expire on terms favorable to us. We use these contracts to reduce our risk associated with exchange rate movements, as the gains or losses on these contracts are intended to offset any exchange rate losses or gains on the hedged transaction. These foreign currency forward contracts may not be able to hedge effectively due to lack of experience, unreasonable costs or illiquid markets and are not expected to fully mitigate the potential currency transaction losses resulting from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Conditions in the global economy, the markets we serve and the financial markets may adversely affect our business and financial statements.

Our business is sensitive to general economic conditions and since 2008 the effects of the global financial crisis have adversely impacted the global economy. Slow global economic growth, the credit market crisis and European debt crisis, uncertainty relating to the Euro, high levels of unemployment globally, reduced levels of capital expenditures, changes in government fiscal and monetary policies, government deficit reduction and budget negotiation dynamics, sequestration, other austerity measures and other challenges affecting the global economy adversely affect us and our customers, including having the effect of:

Economic downturns may also adversely impact retail sales, which could result in reduced revenue of our customers, which in turn may result in reduction of our revenue, longer accounts receivable payment cycles, difficulties in collecting accounts receivable and an increase in bankruptcies of our customers. Improvement in the global economy remains uneven and uncertain. If slow growth in the global economy or in any of the markets we serve continues for a significant period, if there is significant deterioration in the

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global economy or such markets or if improvements in the global economy do not benefit the markets we serve, our business and financial statements could be adversely affected.

A portion or all of our investment portfolio may become impaired by a deterioration of conditions in the capital markets.

Our cash equivalent and short-term investment portfolio as of December 31, 2015 consisted primarily of money market funds, corporate bonds, certificates of deposit, municipal securities and U.S. government agency bonds. We follow an established investment policy and set of guidelines to monitor and help mitigate our exposure to interest rate and credit risk. The policy sets forth credit quality standards and limits our exposure to any one issuer, as well as our maximum exposure to various asset classes. Should financial market conditions worsen in the future, investments in some financial instruments may be subject to risks arising from market liquidity and credit concerns. In addition, any deterioration of conditions in the capital markets could cause our other income and expense to vary from expectations. As of December 31, 2015, we had no material impairment charges associated with our short-term investment portfolio, and although we believe our current investment portfolio has little risk of material impairment, we cannot predict future market conditions or market liquidity, or credit availability, and can provide no assurance that our investment portfolio will remain materially unimpaired.

If the accounting estimates we make, and the assumptions on which we rely, in preparing our financial statements prove inaccurate, our actual results may be adversely affected.

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments about, among other things, taxes, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation costs, investments, contingent obligations, allowance for doubtful accounts, intangible assets and restructuring charges. These estimates and judgments affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, the amounts of charges accrued by us, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and at the time they are made. If our estimates or the assumptions underlying them are not correct, actual results may differ materially from our estimates and we may need to, among other things, accrue additional charges that could adversely affect our results of operations, which in turn could adversely affect our stock price. In addition, new accounting pronouncements and interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future that could adversely affect our reported financial results.

Risks Related to Tax Matters

We are a multinational organization faced with increasingly complex tax issues in many jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes in various jurisdictions.

As a multinational organization, we are subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. The amount of taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax laws, including increased tax rates or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and results of operations. In addition, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and impose additional tax, interest and penalties, and the authorities could claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could have a material impact on us and the results of our operations.

Taxing authorities could reallocate our taxable income among our subsidiaries, which could increase our consolidated tax liability.

We conduct global operations through subsidiaries in various tax jurisdictions pursuant to transfer pricing arrangements among our affiliated entities. If two or more affiliated companies are located in different countries, the tax laws or regulations of each country generally require that transfer prices be the same as those between unrelated companies dealing at arms’ length and that contemporaneous documentation is maintained to support the transfer prices. While we believe that we operate in compliance with applicable transfer pricing laws and intend to continue to do so, our transfer pricing procedures are not binding on applicable tax authorities. If tax authorities in any of these countries were to successfully challenge our transfer prices as not reflecting arms’ length transactions, they could require us to adjust our transfer prices and thereby reallocate our income to reflect these revised transfer prices, which could result in a higher tax liability to us. In addition, if the country from which the income is reallocated does not agree with the reallocation, both countries could tax the same income, resulting in double taxation. If tax authorities were to allocate income to a higher tax jurisdiction, subject our income to double taxation or assess interest and penalties, it would increase our consolidated tax liability, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future tax payments may be limited if we experience a change in ownership, or if taxable income does not reach sufficient levels.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” (generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three year period), the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research tax credits) to offset its post-change income may be limited. We may experience ownership changes in the future and subsequent shifts in our stock ownership. As a result, we may be limited in the portion of net operating loss carryforwards that we can use in the future to offset taxable income for U.S. Federal income tax purposes.

Risks Related To Our Common Stock

The trading price of our common stock may be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock has at times been volatile and could continue to be subject to significant fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology and retail companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the companies operating in such markets. The market price of our common stock may be similarly volatile, and investors in our common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including as a result of factors unrelated to our operating performance and prospects. The price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:

If securities or industry analysts cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they publish negative evaluations of our stock, the price of our stock and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes incorrect or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. In addition, if one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

The issuance of additional stock in connection with acquisitions, our stock incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other stockholdings.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 240,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined by our board of directors. Subject to compliance with applicable rules and regulations, we may issue all of these shares that are not already outstanding without any action or approval by our stockholders. We intend to continue to evaluate strategic acquisitions in the future. We may pay for such acquisitions, partly or in full, through the issuance of additional equity. Any issuance of shares in connection with our acquisitions, the exercise of stock

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options, the vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units or otherwise would dilute the percentage ownership held by existing investors.

We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, any future financing agreements may prohibit us from paying any type of dividends. Consequently, investors may need to sell all or part of their holdings of our common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent an acquisition of our company.

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of us or changes in our management. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that:

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover measures could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing the likelihood that our stockholders could receive a premium for their common stock in an acquisition.

Not applicable.

Our principal offices are located in Burlington, Massachusetts where we occupy approximately 116,650 square feet of office space under three operating leases, one of which covers approximately 32,000 square feet of office space and expires in July 2017, one of which covers approximately 75,000 square feet of office space and expires in October 2019 and the other of which covers approximately 9,650 square feet of office space and expires in October 2019. In addition, we have offices in Deerfield Beach, Florida; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Salt Lake City, Utah and New York, New York. We also have offices in Berlin, Dresden, Jena and Munich, Germany; London, England; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Copenhagen, Denmark; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; Sydney, Australia; Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; Tokyo, Japan and Bangalore, India to support our operations. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate planned expansion of our operations.

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From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business activities. In addition, from time to time, third parties may assert intellectual property infringement claims against us or our customers in the form of lawsuits, letters and other forms of communication. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are not a party to any litigation the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, prospects, cash flows, financial position or brand.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Market for Our Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “DWRE”. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

Holders of Record

As of January 31, 2016 there were 437 stockholders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held of record by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by such record holders.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying, any cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

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STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any filing of Demandware, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference in such filing.

The following comparative stock performance graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock from March 15, 2012 through December 31, 2015 with the cumulative total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the NASDAQ Computer Index over the same period, assuming the investment of $100 in our common stock and in both of the other indices on March 15, 2012 and the reinvestment of all dividends, if any.

The comparisons shown in the graph are based upon historical data. The stock price performance reflected in the graph above is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. See the disclosure in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

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The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” our consolidated financial statements and related notes, and other financial data included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the financial statements and the related notes set forth in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” The following discussion also contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. See Part I, “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the forward-looking statements contained below and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion of certain risks that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated in such forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a leading provider of enterprise-class cloud commerce solutions for retailers and branded manufacturers, including solutions for digital commerce and point of sale, as well as order management and predictive intelligence capabilities. Our Demandware Commerce offering is a combination of our cloud platform, community and related services that enables customers to establish and execute complex digital commerce strategies. Demandware Commerce facilitates global expansion, omni-channel processes, multi-brand and multi-site rollouts,  predictive merchandising and in-store operations. The foundation of our offering is our technology platform, the Demandware Commerce Cloud.  The Demandware Commerce Cloud consists of two primary solutions: Demandware Digital and Demandware Store. Through our highly scalable, secure and open platform, our customers create seamless brand experiences to reach their consumers across all digital touch points globally, including ecommerce sites, mobile applications, social media channels and in the store. In addition, distributed order management capabilities enable retailers to provide “buy anywhere, fulfill anywhere, service anywhere” experiences, and predictive intelligence capabilities help customers personalize the shopping experience and accelerate revenue growth.  Demandware Store offers core point of sale, mobile point of sale, store operations and endless aisle capabilities that enable our customers to modernize their point of sale and store operations, decrease the complexity of managing store operations and unify the in-store experience with digital commerce.

We sell subscriptions to our cloud software and related services through both a direct sales force and indirect channels. Our current customers consist of retailers and branded manufacturers that operate principally in the following vertical markets: apparel and footwear, health and beauty, home and garden, sporting goods, general merchandise and other categories.

We were incorporated in 2004, and focused on building our cloud architecture and merchandising applications to allow us to service our customers. The market opportunity for our solutions has increased significantly in the last several years, due both to increased acceptance of software as a service, or SaaS, or cloud solutions across large enterprises and to greater recognition of the benefits of our solutions, which include enhanced merchandising functionality, high reliability, safety and security, ease of deployment, reduced time-to-market, flexible site customization, omni-channel distribution capabilities and availability of continuous software innovation. From December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2015, the number of ecommerce customers using the Demandware Commerce Cloud increased from 101 to 331, a 35% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, and the number of sites operating on our platform increased from 361 to 1,506, a 43% CAGR.

We derive most of our revenue from subscriptions to our Demandware Commerce Cloud and services related to our offering. Subscription fees for our ecommerce customers are generally based on a revenue share pricing model, in which our customers pay us a percentage of their total gross revenue that is processed on our platform. As part of their subscription fee for our ecommerce offering, our customers typically commit to a minimum level of gross revenue to be processed on our platform, from which a monthly, quarterly or annual, non-refundable minimum subscription fee is derived. If a customer processes more gross revenue than its committed minimum level, then the customer is required to pay us additional fees, called overage fees, which are calculated as a percentage of the incremental revenue generated above the committed revenue. While we typically record overage fees each quarter, a significant portion of these fees is recorded in the fourth quarter. No refunds or credits are given if a customer processes less gross revenue than the contracted level. Ecommerce customer contracts are generally non-cancellable for a minimum term that is approximately three years and range up to seven years. Our order management and predictive email subscriptions are typically based on a per transaction or volume fee, which is common pricing for those capabilities, for a committed term.

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Subscription revenue accounted for 89.8%, 90.9%, and 84.7% of our total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The decrease in the subscription revenue mix is attributable to the acquisition of Tomax Corporation, or Tomax, in January 2015, which contributed primarily to our service revenue line. Subscription revenue is driven primarily by the number of Demandware Digital customers we have, the number of ecommerce sites they operate on our platform, the contracted minimum value of their subscription agreements and the gross revenue generated from those customers in excess of their committed minimum levels. To date, revenue generated by our customers’ ecommerce sites operating on Demandware Digital has been the primary driver of our subscription revenue. However, we believe that our omni-channel capabilities, including mobile, in-store, social, order management, predictive intelligence, point of sale and other digital channels, have been and will continue to be important factors in our new customers’ purchasing decisions and existing customer renewals. In addition, we have developed Demandware Store, an enterprise-class cloud point of sale solution, which enables unified consumer experiences and omni-channel use cases.

Our revenue growth has been driven by an increased number of customers, as well as an increase in our average subscription revenue per customer. We have increased the number of ecommerce customers operating on our platform from 101 as of December 31, 2011 to 331 as of December 31, 2015. In addition, our average revenue per customer has continued to increase as our customers grow their online revenue processed on our platform through organic revenue growth of existing sites and the launching of new sites in new geographies for new brands or new channels. The number of sites that our customers operate on our platform increased from 361 as of December 31, 2011 to 1,506 as of December 31, 2015.

Our subscription revenue fluctuates as a result of seasonal variations in our business, principally due to our customers’ revenue peaks during the holiday season, which correspondingly result in higher overage fees in the fourth quarter than in other quarters. As a result, revenue in the first quarter generally declines sequentially from the fourth quarter. For the quarter ended March 31, 2015, subscription revenue was 12.1% lower than subscription revenue for the quarter ended December 31, 2014.

We derive our services revenue from the implementation and ongoing customization of our customers’ digital commerce sites, which includes the integration of complementary technologies and adaptation to back-end systems and/or business processes and the configuration and deployment of the site. We also provide training services for individuals who are part of the implementation, maintenance and optimization teams of our customers. In general, it takes on average six months to implement a new customer site on our platform. Incremental sites for a customer, including for additional brands or geographies, can be implemented in less than one month.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of the unearned portion of billed subscription and services fees. Once a customer’s subscription period has commenced, we typically invoice the customer on a monthly or quarterly basis. In addition, we generally invoice all or a portion of the first year subscription fees in advance upon customer contract execution as an initiation payment. Initiation payments are included in deferred revenue upon payment. For these reasons, our deferred revenue balance does not serve as a reliable indicator of our future subscription revenue.

Our cost of revenue and operating expenses have increased in absolute dollars over the last year due to our need to increase bandwidth and capacity to support customer revenue growth on our platform. We expect that our cost of revenue and operating expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in our growth.

We believe the large and growing market for cloud commerce solutions will provide us with significant growth opportunities. As digital commerce transactions continue to account for a greater proportion of all retail sales and the brick and mortar store and ecommerce channels continue to converge, we believe that retailers and branded manufacturers will continue to enhance the performance and functionality of their digital commerce sites, increase their number of sites and expand their online presence to encompass multiple digital channels such as in-store digital solutions and will increasingly adopt a unified commerce platform strategy. Just as companies have increasingly chosen cloud solutions as an attractive alternative to costly and inflexible on-premise solutions for their enterprise-wide applications, we believe that retailers and branded manufacturers will increasingly adopt cloud solutions for their digital and retail commerce needs.

We are focused on growing our business by pursuing the significant market opportunity for cloud commerce solutions. We plan to grow our revenue by adding new customers and helping our existing customers increase their revenue processed on our platform by taking full advantage of the functionality of Demandware Commerce, by increasing the number of sites deployed by them by extending their online presence across multiple channels, including mobile applications, social networks, call centers and in-store applications and by adopting and applying our other solutions and functionalities, including point of sale and order management. We also plan to expand our customer base to include industry sectors, customer segments and geographic regions beyond those which we currently serve.

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During 2014, we completed the acquisitions of Mainstreet Commerce LC, or Mainstreet, and CQuotient, Inc., or CQuotient. On January 12, 2015, we acquired Tomax, an enterprise software company that provides an integrated solution for retail point of sale and store operations and related services.

Key Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. We discuss revenue, gross margin, and the components of operating income and margin below under “Results of Operations” and we discuss other key metrics below.

Number of Customers

We believe that our ability to expand our customer base is an indicator of our market penetration and growth of our business as we continue to invest in our direct sales force, our indirect sales channels and marketing initiatives. We define our number of customers at the end of a particular quarter as the number of ecommerce customers generating subscription revenue during the period. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we had 331, 267 and 204 customers, respectively. For more information about our customers, see “Business—Customers” in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Number of Customer Sites

Since our ecommerce customers generally operate more than one site across various geographies, channels and brands and pay us fees based on the total gross revenue they process on our platform, we believe the total number of ecommerce customer sites using our solutions in a given quarter is an indicator of the growth of our business. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, our ecommerce customers were operating 1,506, 1,143 and 820 sites on our platform, respectively.

Subscription Dollar Retention Rate

We believe that our ability to retain our ecommerce customers and expand their digital commerce revenue growth on our software platform over time is an indicator of the stability of our revenue base and the long-term value of our customer relationships. We assess our performance in this area using a metric we refer to as our subscription dollar retention rate. We calculate the subscription dollar retention rate by dividing the retained average ecommerce contract value of subscription revenue by the previous average ecommerce contract value of subscription revenue. We define retained average ecommerce contract value of subscription revenue as the average annual ecommerce contract value from committed subscription fees for all ecommerce contracts that renew in a given period. We define previous average ecommerce contract value of subscription revenue as the average annual ecommerce contract value from committed subscription fees for all ecommerce contracts that expire in that same period. Since our ecommerce customer contracts are typically three years, we have a limited history of quantifying our subscription dollar retention rate. However, although we have lost individual customers from time to time, our customers that have renewed their subscriptions have tended to increase their minimum subscription commitment level to align with their increasing gross revenue volumes. As a result, our subscription dollar retention rate has been above 100% in 2013, 2014 and 2015.

Total Contract Value Backlog

As of December 31, 2015, we had contract backlog, which consists of total committed minimum subscription fees under ecommerce contracts, plus our deferred revenue, of approximately $594.6 million compared with contract backlog of approximately $461.7 million as of December 31, 2014, due largely to the increase in number of new ecommerce customers and the increase in the amount of the total committed minimum subscription fees of new customers signed during 2015. Revenue for any period is a function of revenue recognized from deferred revenue, committed minimum subscription fees, and overage fees as well as contract renewals and new ecommerce customers on the platform during the period. Contract backlog does not include any anticipated overage fees, does not reflect an assumption for subscription dollar retention rates and does not reflect an assumption for customer renewals on a customer count basis. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, overage fees represented 33.2%, 27.0% and 22.3% of subscription revenue, respectively. As discussed above, our subscription dollar retention rates were greater than 100% in 2013, 2014 and 2015. As a result, for multi-year subscription contracts, the portion of the committed minimum subscription included in backlog will be higher at the beginning of the multi-year ecommerce contract than at the end of the contract and will typically increase when the contract is renewed. As a result, backlog at the beginning of any period is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

Unbilled contract backlog that we do not reasonably expect to be recognized as revenue within the year ending December 31, 2016 is $387.9 million, and unbilled contract backlog that we did not reasonably expect to be recognized as revenue within the year ended December 31, 2015 was $322.9 million. The unbilled contract backlog that we do not reasonably expect to be recognized as revenue during the year ending December 31, 2016 does not include any anticipated overage fees, does not make an assumption for contract renewal rates and does not make an assumption for customer churn. In addition, the unbilled contract backlog reflects an assumption as to when customers will launch digital commerce sites on our platform. As a result, unbilled contract backlog that we do not reasonably expect to be recognized within the year ending December 31, 2016 is not necessarily indicative of our performance in 2016 or in any future periods. Our presentation of backlog may differ from other companies in our industry.

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Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Subscription Revenue

We derive our subscription revenue from fees paid to us by our customers for their access to our cloud commerce solutions for a specified period of time. Fees for Demandware Digital are generally based on a revenue share of the total gross revenue our ecommerce customers processed through their sites operating on our platform, and generally include a committed level of gross revenue from which a minimum monthly, quarterly or annual, subscription fee is derived. Demandware Digital customer contracts are generally non-cancellable for a minimum period that is typically three years and ranges up to seven years. If Demandware Digital customers process more than their committed gross revenue, then we typically bill overage fees for the difference between the resulting revenue share and their committed minimum fee at the applicable rates in their contracts for the actual volume of revenue achieved. Overage fees represented 33.2%, 27.0% and 22.3% of subscription revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The trend in the mix shift toward base subscription revenues versus subscription overage fees has been primarily driven by larger customers who have more visibility into the growth trajectory of their digital commerce businesses and therefore are comfortable committing to higher base fees and, to a lesser extent, customers with escalating subscription minimums during their three year contracts. In 2016, we expect the base subscription revenues versus subscription overage fees mix on an annual basis to be similar to 2015. If Demandware Digital customers process less than their committed gross revenue, no credits or refunds are given. Our order management and predictive email subscriptions are typically based on a per transaction or volume fee, which is common pricing for those capabilities, for a committed term.

Customers do not have the contractual right to take possession of our cloud software. The consideration allocated to the subscription for the aggregate minimum subscription fee is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription term once a customer’s subscription period has commenced. Should an ecommerce customer exceed the specified minimum levels of gross revenue processed, fees for customer gross revenue processed in excess of the committed minimum level are billed for the excess volume. We recognize revenue from the fees we receive for our customers’ gross revenue processed in excess of the committed minimum level in the period in which such gross revenue is processed and earned. We also derive revenue from annual solution support fees when the services are first activated. The annual solution support fees are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the related subscription term. Activation fees paid by customers in connection with subscription services are deferred and recognized ratably over the longer of the term of the subscription agreement or the estimated expected life of the customer relationship. As we gain more experience with customer renewals, we continue to evaluate the estimated life of our customers. At December 31, 2015, the estimated expected life of our customers remains at just over six years.

Services Revenue

Services revenue consists primarily of implementation services, consulting services to support our customers once they are live on our solution, and training. Additionally, we provide managed services, maintenance and related support services to our non-subscription customer base. Our service arrangements for implementation, consulting and training services are billed on a fixed fee or time and materials basis. Our customers may also elect to use unrelated third parties to perform some of these services. Our managed services, maintenance and related support services are billed quarterly or annually in advance and are recognized over the contracted term. Other than our site readiness assessment offering, our professional services have standalone value and are recognized as revenue using the proportional performance method. Our typical service arrangement provides for payment to us within 30 to 60 days after invoice. Services revenue increased in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily driven by our recent acquisition of Tomax.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of Subscription Revenue

Cost of subscription revenue primarily consists of hosting costs, data communications expenses, depreciation expenses associated with computer equipment, personnel and related costs, including salaries, bonuses, employee benefits  and stock compensation, software license fees and amortization expenses associated with capitalized software and acquired technology from acquisitions. In addition, we allocate a portion of overhead, such as rent, information technology, or IT, costs, depreciation and employee benefits costs, to cost of revenue based on headcount. Expenses related to the depreciation associated with computer equipment, hosting and data communications are affected by the number of customers using our cloud software, the complexity of their operations and the volume of transactions processed. We plan to continue to significantly expand our capacity to support our growth, which will result in higher cost of subscription revenue in absolute dollars.

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Cost of Services Revenue

Cost of services revenue primarily consists of personnel and related costs, third party contractors and allocated overhead. Our cost of services revenue is expensed as the costs are incurred. Our cost associated with providing services has been significantly higher as a percentage of revenue than our cost of subscription revenue.

When we perform our services, we often supplement our internal resources with third party contractors. We also work with a variety of system integrators who frequently lead implementation efforts. Also, we have strategic relationships with companies who provide a full-service, comprehensive, end-to-end solution by combining our Demandware Commerce Cloud with a host of complementary services, and who also lead implementation efforts as part of this comprehensive service. The cost of these services will fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on the number of customers that are in the process of implementation, and also based on the extent to which the services are implemented by us or a third party.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our sales and marketing staff, including salaries, bonuses, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, commissions and contingent compensation related to our acquisitions; costs of marketing and promotional events, corporate communications, online marketing, product marketing and other brand-building activities; and allocated overhead. We expense sales commissions when the customer contract is signed because our obligation to pay a sales commission arises at that time.

We intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing and expect spending in these areas to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to expand our business both domestically and internationally. We expect sales and marketing expenses to continue to be among the most significant components of our operating expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our research and development staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation and contingent compensation related to our acquisitions; the cost of certain third party contractors; and allocated overhead. Research and development costs, other than software development expenses qualifying for capitalization, are expensed as incurred.

We have focused our research and development efforts on continuously improving our solutions, including feature innovation as well as platform extension. We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we add new functionality on the platform, extend our reach into store applications and expand our platform scalability.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for administrative, finance, corporate development, IT, legal and human resource staffs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; professional fees; insurance premiums; other corporate expenses; and allocated overhead.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase as we continue to expand our operations, hire additional personnel and incur costs as a growing public company. We expect to incur additional expenses related to increased outside legal counsel assistance, accounting and auditing activities, compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements and enhancing our internal control environment through the adoption and administration of new corporate policies.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest income and realized gains and realized losses on our cash equivalents, and investments in marketable securities.

Interest Expense

Historically, interest expense consisted primarily of interest expense from our equipment notes payable and amortization of debt issuance costs. In September 2014, the equipment notes payable were fully paid off.

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Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists of income and expense associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in fair value of foreign currency forward contracts. We expect other income (expense) to vary depending on the movement in foreign currency exchange rates and the related impact on our foreign exchange gain (loss).

Income Tax (Benefit) Provision

Income tax provision is related to certain foreign and current state income taxes. As we have incurred operating losses in most periods to date and recorded a full valuation allowance against our U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets, we have not historically recorded a deferred tax provision for federal and state income taxes. Income tax benefit is related to the release of valuation allowance that resulted from the recognition of the deferred tax liabilities in connection with our acquisitions.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses, other income and expenses, provision for income taxes and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. To the extent that there are material differences between our estimates and our actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

We believe the assumptions and estimates associated with the following accounting policies have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements: revenue recognition and deferred revenue, accounting for stock-based compensation, accounting for business combinations, and goodwill and purchased intangible assets.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

We generate revenue from sales of our cloud commerce solutions that leverage our proprietary technology, which are represented by subscription fees, activation fees and related professional services. Professional services include implementation services, consulting services to support our customers once they are live on our solution, and training, as well as managed services, maintenance and related support services for our non-subscription customer base.

We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery to customers has occurred or services have been rendered, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. We do not recognize revenue in excess of the amounts for which we have the right to invoice in an annual subscription year.

In most instances, revenue from new customer acquisition is generated under sales agreements with multiple elements, comprised of subscription fees, related activation fees that allow customers to access the solutions or capabilities, and professional services. We evaluate each element in a multiple-element arrangement to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting. An element constitutes a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has standalone value and delivery of the undelivered element is probable and within our control. Subscriptions have standalone value because they are routinely sold separately by us.

Other than our site readiness assessment offering, our professional services have standalone value because we have sold professional services separately or there are third party vendors that routinely provide similar professional services to our customers on a standalone basis. There is not standalone value for site readiness assessments because they are not sold on a standalone basis and can only be provided by us.

Activation fees provide access to our digital environment through production launch and are billed during the implementation phase and recorded as deferred revenue until a customer’s subscription period has commenced. Activation fees do not have standalone value because they are only sold in conjunction with a subscription to our ecommerce solutions, they are only sold by us, a customer could not resell it, and they do not represent the culmination of a separate earnings process.

We allocate revenue to each element in an arrangement based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence, or TPE, if VSOE is not available, or best

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estimated selling price, or BESP, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. As we have been unable to establish VSOE or TPE for certain elements of our arrangements, we establish the BESP for these elements primarily by considering historical sales prices when sold on a standalone basis along with other factors such as gross margin objectives, pricing practices, growth strategy and geographic market conditions.

Subscriptions include fees derived from contractually committed minimum levels of gross revenue processed by ecommerce customers on our cloud digital commerce platform, and fees derived from such customers’ gross revenue processed above the minimum contracted levels. Customers do not have the contractual right to take possession of our cloud software. The consideration allocated to the subscription for the aggregate minimum subscription fee is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription term once a customer’s subscription period has commenced. Should an ecommerce customer exceed the specified minimum levels of gross revenue processed, fees for customer gross revenue processed in excess of the committed minimum level are billed for the excess volume. We recognize revenue from the fees we receive for our customers’ gross revenue processed in excess of the committed minimum level in the period in which such gross revenue is processed and earned.

Activation fees and site readiness assessments without standalone value are recognized ratably over the longer of the life of the agreement or the expected customer life, which is currently estimated to be just over six years. We evaluate the length of the amortization period based on our experience with customer contract renewals and consideration of the period over which those customers will benefit from the related offerings.

The consideration allocated to professional services with standalone value is recognized as revenue using the proportional performance method.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of the unearned portion of billed subscription and services fees. Once a customer’s subscription period has commenced, we typically invoice customers on a monthly or quarterly basis. In addition, we generally invoice all or a portion of the first year subscription fees in advance upon customer contract execution as an initiation payment. Initiation payments are included in deferred revenue upon payment.

Reimbursable costs received for out-of-pocket expenses are recorded as revenue and cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenue.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based awards granted to employees and directors by recording compensation expense based on the awards’ estimated fair values. We expect that our expense related to stock-based compensation will increase over time.

The fair value of our restricted stock awards is based on the closing price of our common stock on the award grant date. The fair value of our stock option awards as of the date of grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Determining the fair value of stock option awards under this model requires judgment, including estimating the value per share of our common stock, volatility, expected term of the awards, estimated dividend yield and the risk-free interest rate. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock option awards represent our best estimates, based on management’s judgment and subjective future expectations. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties. If any of the assumptions used in the model change significantly, stock-based compensation recorded for future awards may differ materially from that recorded for awards granted previously.

In determining the fair value of our stock option awards, we base the majority of our estimates of expected volatility using volatility data from comparable public companies in similar industries and markets because there is currently limited public market history for our common stock, and therefore, a lack of market-based company-specific historical and implied volatility information. The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. The assumed dividend yield is based on our expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The weighted-average expected life for employee options reflects the application of the simplified method, which represents the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted-average vesting period for all option tranches. The simplified method has been used since we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of our life.

Once we have determined the estimated fair value of our stock-based awards, we recognize the portion of that value that corresponds to the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest, taking estimated forfeitures into account. This amount is recognized as an expense over the vesting period of the award using the straight-line method. We estimate forfeitures based upon our historical experience and, at each period, review the estimated forfeiture rate and make changes as factors affecting the forfeiture rate calculations and assumptions change.

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Stock-based compensation expense is expected to increase in 2016 compared to 2015 as a result of our existing unrecognized stock-based compensation and as we issue additional stock-based awards to continue to attract and retain employees.

Accounting for Business Combinations

The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. Purchase accounting results in assets and liabilities of an acquired business being recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Any excess consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill.

We perform valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for an acquisition and allocate the purchase price to its respective net tangible and intangible assets. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenues and cash flows, discount rates and selection of comparable companies. We engage the assistance of valuation specialists in determining our fair value measurements of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.

Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets

We record goodwill when consideration paid in a purchase acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible assets and the identified intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment annually on November 30th or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. We evaluate impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. The estimates we make in determining the fair value of the reporting unit involve the application of judgment potentially affecting the timing and size of any future impairment charges. Impairment of our goodwill could significantly affect our operating results and financial position. Based on our most recent assessment, there was no goodwill impairment.

Purchased intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships and trademarks acquired in connection with business acquisitions, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of economic benefit expected from each asset. We concluded for certain purchased intangible assets that the pattern of economic benefit approximated the straight-line method. The use of the straight-line method was appropriate as the majority of the cash flows will be recognized ratably over the estimated useful lives and there is no degradation of the cash flows over time. Amortization expense related to developed technology is included in cost of subscription revenue while amortization expense related to customer relationships and trademarks is included in sales and marketing expense. We evaluate our intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Impairment is assessed by comparing the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the intangible asset to its carrying value. If impairment exists, we calculate the impairment by comparing the carrying value of the intangible asset to its fair value as determined by discounted expected cash flows.

No impairments losses have been recognized in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated as a percentage of revenue. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

Revenue

Subscription revenue. Subscription revenue increased by $55.1 million, or 37.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was driven by an increase of $35.2 million in revenue from new ecommerce customers as well as an increase of $19.9 million in revenue from existing ecommerce customers in the 2015 period. We had 331 ecommerce customers and 1,506 sites operating on our Demandware Digital solution as of December 31, 2015, an increase from 267 ecommerce customers and 1,143 sites operating on our Demandware Digital solution as of December 31, 2014. The increase in revenue from existing customers resulted from both growth in revenues from existing sites and the launch of additional sites in the year ended December 31, 2015. Revenue realized from overage fees from both new and existing customers increased from $39.4 million to $44.8 million, and represented 27.0% and 22.3% of subscription revenue for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The mix of base versus overage is often a function of where customers are in their contract cycle, which drove subscription revenue mix for the year ended December 31, 2015.

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Subscription revenue increased by $50.1 million, or 52.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was driven by an increase of $25.5 million in revenue from new customers as well as an increase of $24.6 million in revenue from existing customers in the 2014 period. We had 267 ecommerce customers and 1,143 sites operating on Demandware Digital solution as of December 31, 2014, an increase from 204 ecommerce customers and 820 sites operating on our Demandware Digital solution as of December 31, 2013. The increase in revenue from existing customers resulted from both growth in revenues from existing sites and the launch of additional sites in the year ended December 31, 2014. Revenue realized from overage fees from both new and existing customers increased from $31.8 million to $39.4 million, and represented 33.2% and 27.0% of subscription revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Services revenue. Services revenue increased by $21.7 million, or 147.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to a $14.8 million increase in managed services, maintenance and related support revenue from our non-subscription customer base. Revenue recognized from both our subscription and non-subscription customer base related to ongoing professional services engagements increased $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in our non-subscription customer base as a result of the Tomax acquisition as well as an increase in the number of subscription customers implementing our platform during the year. Revenue from our marketing events, such as our annual North America and European customer conferences, increased by $0.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2015, due to increased sponsorships and participant attendance. Additionally, fees received from our network of partners increased $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 as we continued to grow our LINK program.

Services revenue increased by $3.8 million, or 34.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. Revenue recognized from implementation services increased $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013 due to an increase in the number of customers implementing our platform during the year. We also recognized an increase of $2.3 million of service and training revenues performed after our customers launched their sites on our platform during the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013. Additionally, fees received from our network of partners increased $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same 2013 period as we continued to grow our LINK program. Finally, fees received from sponsors of and participants attending our global customer conferences increased $0.5 million during the same period of 2014 over 2013.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of subscription revenue. Cost of subscription revenue increased $13.2 million, or 49.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily attributable to $3.8 million of increased depreciation, maintenance, and equipment and software support expenses associated with our equipment due to an expansion of our capacity and $2.4 million of increased network infrastructure and bandwidth expenses. In addition, we increased headcount in our support and technical operations teams and as a result, our personnel and related expenses, such as salaries, bonuses, employee benefits and stock compensation, increased $3.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2015. Finally, amortization expense increased by $3.3 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 due to the increase in our intangible assets related to acquisitions.

Cost of subscription revenue increased $9.8 million, or 57.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily attributable to $1.9 million of increased depreciation, maintenance, and equipment and software support expenses associated with equipment for our data centers and $3.2 million of increased hosting and bandwidth expenses due to an expansion of our capacity to accommodate the growth during the 2014 period. In addition, we increased headcount in our support and technical operations teams throughout 2014 and as a result, our personnel and related expenses, such as salaries, bonuses, employee benefits and stock compensation, increased $3.4 million in 2014. Finally, we incurred a $1.2 million expense due to the amortization of intangibles related to our acquisitions.  

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Cost of services revenue. Cost of services revenue increased $12.2 million, or 80.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily attributable to $9.8 million of increased personnel and related expenses resulting from our increased headcount, of which $1.2 million related to stock compensation expense. The increase in headcount was partially driven by the acquisition of Tomax in January 2015. We also incurred $0.3 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $2.1 million of increased costs, such as rent and IT costs, as a direct result of the increase in headcount.

Cost of services revenue increased $4.3 million, or 39.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily attributable to $3.6 million of increased personnel and related expenses, of which $0.8 million related to stock compensation expense. We also incurred $0.2 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $0.4 million of increased costs, such as rent and IT costs, as a direct result of the increase in headcount.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $26.4 million, or 35.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was attributable to our continued expansion in new and existing markets. We have continued to add employees within our direct sales, customer success and marketing organizations in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, which contributed to $17.5 million of increased personnel and related expenses, of which $3.8 million was related to stock compensation expense and $2.8 million was related to contingent compensation expense related to acquisitions. Marketing program expenses increased $4.3 million in 2015 as we increased the level of spending to enhance our global brand. We also incurred $2.1 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $2.0 million of increased facility and infrastructure costs in the period as a result of the increase in headcount. Additionally, we incurred a $0.4 million increase in amortization expense from intangible assets related to acquisitions.

Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by $22.0 million, or 42.1%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was attributable to the continued expansion to address increased opportunities in new and existing markets. Throughout 2014, we added employees within our direct sales, retail practice and marketing organizations in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, which contributed to $17.6 million of increased personnel and related expenses, of which $3.0 million was related to stock compensation expense. Additionally, we incurred $1.3 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $1.0 million of increased costs such as rent, IT costs and depreciation and amortization expenses as a result of our growth. Additionally, marketing program expenses increased $2.5 million in 2014 as we increased the size of our annual global customer conferences and also increased the level of spending to enhance our global brand. These increases in expenses were partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million of business and corporate development expenses in 2014.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $30.4 million, or 86.8%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was attributable to investments made to enhance and improve the functionality of our commerce platform. We increased our engineering headcount, which contributed to increased personnel and related expenses of $26.8 million, of which $4.4 million was related to stock compensation expense and $5.9 million was related to contingent compensation expense related to acquisitions. The increase in headcount was partially driven by the acquisition of Tomax in January 2015. We also incurred $0.4 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $2.9 million of increased facility and infrastructure costs as a direct result of the increase in headcount.

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Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by $14.2 million, or 68.3%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was attributable to investments made to enhance and improve the functionality of our digital commerce platform. Throughout the 2014 period, we increased our engineering headcount, which contributed to increased personnel and related expenses of $12.1 million, of which $3.9 million related to stock compensation expense. Additionally, we incurred increased contractor costs of $0.2 million in 2014. We also incurred $0.5 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $1.4 million of increased allocated overhead costs such as rent, IT costs and depreciation and amortization to support our continued growth.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $9.4 million, or 25.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. Personnel and related expenses increased by $5.6 million, of which $0.5 million was related to stock compensation expense. We also incurred increased facility and infrastructure costs of $2.4 million as a direct result of the increase in headcount. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to $0.6 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses as a result of our growth and $0.8 million of increased bad debt expense as a result of customer bankruptcies.

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by $13.5 million, or 58.0%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was attributable to increased employee-related costs and professional fees to support our growing business. We incurred increased personnel and related costs of $9.7 million, of which $3.9 million was related to stock compensation expense. We also incurred increased professional fees of $0.3 million for legal services to support the expansion and growth of our business as well as increased audit and tax services of $0.5 million in 2014. Additionally, in the year ended December 31, 2014 we incurred $0.2 million of increased travel and entertainment expenses and $1.5 million of increased allocated overhead costs, such as rent, IT costs and depreciation and amortization expenses as a result of our growth compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. We also incurred an increase of $0.2 million of bad debt expense and $1.6 million of increased corporate development and related professional fees. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other tax expense of $0.6 million due to the rejection of value added tax refund applications in 2013 for our PODs that were shipped to Europe in prior years.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $2.2 million, or 163.1%, over other expense of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.1 million decrease in foreign exchange losses related to the fluctuations in the British Pounds Sterling and Euro in relation to the U.S. dollar during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, and a $0.7 million increase in foreign exchange gains generated from our short-term foreign currency forward contracts. In addition, interest income increased by $0.1 million and interest expense decrease by $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.

Other expense of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased $1.8 million, or 372.9%, over other income of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was attributed to a $2.0 million increase in foreign exchange losses related to fluctuations in the British Pounds Sterling and Euro in relation to the U.S. dollar during the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013, partially offset by an increase of $0.1 million in investment income and a decrease of $0.1 million in interest expense during the 2014 period.

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Income Tax (Benefit) Provision

The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was (11.6)%, compared to (7.0)% for the year ended December 31, 2014. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily driven by the release of $6.1 million of valuation allowance resulting from the recognition of the deferred tax liabilities in the Tomax acquisition, which provided evidence to support the recoverability of the deferred tax asset. The effective tax rate was partially offset by income from our foreign subsidiaries, which are subject to local income taxes.

The effective income tax rate for the year ended 2014 was (7.0)%, compared to 3.3% for the year ended 2013. The effective tax rate for the year ended 2014 was primarily the result of the release of $3.0 million of valuation allowance resulting from the recognition of the deferred tax liabilities in the CQuotient acquisition, which provided evidence to support the recoverability of the deferred tax asset. The effective tax rate was partially offset by income from our foreign subsidiaries, which are subject to local income taxes. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through cash from operations and the sale of equity securities.

In November 2013, we closed a follow-on offering of 3,310,098 shares of our common stock, including shares of certain shareholders who sold 810,098 shares of our common stock, at a price of $57.00 per share. In December 2013, we sold an additional 496,515 shares of our common stock pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price of $57.00 per share. We raised approximately $163.1 million from the public offering, net of our underwriting discounts and commissions but before offering expenses of $0.5 million. We received no proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling shareholders.

Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $197.0 million at December 31, 2015. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments are comprised primarily of money market funds, corporate bonds, certificates of deposit, municipal securities and U.S. government agency bonds.

At December 31, 2015, our principal sources of liquidity were $115.0 million of cash and cash equivalents.

We intend to use our cash for general corporate purposes, including potential future acquisitions or other transactions. In January 2015, we acquired Tomax, an enterprise software company that provides an integrated solution for retail point of sale and store operations, for total cash consideration of approximately $60 million. We are required to pay additional consideration of up to $15 million, payable in cash or shares of our common stock at our option, to the former Tomax equityholders on the first and second anniversary of the date of acquisition, contingent upon the continued employment of certain key employees of Tomax. In January 2016, we made a payment of approximately $7.5 million in cash to the former Tomax equityholders as the conditions for its release had been fulfilled. Further, we expect to incur additional expenses in connection with our continued international expansion. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents are adequate to fund those potential or anticipated activities.

Based on our current level of operations and anticipated growth, we believe our future cash flows from operating activities and existing cash and cash equivalents will provide adequate funds for our ongoing operations for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue, billings growth and collections, the level of our sales and marketing efforts, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts and expansion into new territories, the

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timing of general and administrative expenses as we grow our administrative infrastructure, the continuing market acceptance of our solutions, and potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, services or technologies. To the extent that existing cash and cash from operations are not sufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds. If we make acquisitions of complementary businesses, services or technologies, we could be required to seek additional equity financing or utilize our cash resources.

Depending on certain growth opportunities, we may choose to accelerate investments in sales and marketing and research and development, which may require the use of cash raised from our follow-on offering for such additional expansion and expenditures.

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities is significantly influenced by the amount of cash we invest in personnel and infrastructure to support the growth of our business, the increase in the number of customers using our cloud software and services and the amount and timing of customer payments. Cash provided by operating activities has historically resulted from net losses driven by sales of subscriptions to our cloud software and services and adjusted for non-cash expense items such as depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, stock-based compensation, bad debt expense and deferred income taxes. Our cash flows from operating activities are affected by the seasonality of our business, which results in variations in the timing of, our invoicing of, and our receipt of payments from, our customers. We have generally experienced an increase in fees invoiced in the fourth quarter of each year mainly due to billings associated with revenue realized from subscription overage fees. As a result, we have also experienced increased levels of customer payments during the first quarter of each year, related to the customer receipts from fourth quarter invoices. We expect this seasonality and resulting trends in cash flows from operating activities to continue.

Cash provided by operating activities of $14.9 million during 2015 was a result of significant increased revenue due to the growth of our business, although we have continued to make significant investments in headcount, including costs associated with public company reporting and corporate governance requirements, and other expenses incurred to grow our business. During 2015, $46.6 million, or 126%, of our net loss of $37.0 million consisted of non-cash expenses, primarily including $36.7 million of stock-based compensation, $12.7 million of depreciation and amortization, $1.4 million of bad debt expense, $0.6 million of consulting expense settled with stock awards and $0.4 million of amortization of premiums on marketable securities, which was partially offset by $5.9 million of deferred income taxes benefits.

Cash provided by operating activities during 2015 also included a $10.4 million increase in accrued expenses attributable to increased expenses associated with the growth of the company, an increase in payroll and other related costs due to our increased headcount, and an increase in accrued acquisition related contingent compensation. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities included a $7.0 million increase in deferred revenue as the number of new customers increased which resulted in higher monthly, quarterly and annual billings in 2015. Cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by cash used in operating activities resulting from a $10.7 million increase in accounts receivable attributable to higher billings in the fourth quarter of 2015 due to the growth in our customer base and fourth quarter revenue seasonality, as well as $1.9 million additional lease deposit payments made for new office leases we entered into in 2015 as a result of the increase in headcount.

Cash provided by operating activities of $3.6 million during 2014 was a result of significant increased revenue due to the growth of our business, although we continued to make significant investments in headcount, including costs associated with public company reporting and corporate governance requirements, and other expenses incurred to grow our business. During 2014, $32.6 million, or 120%, of our net loss of $27.1 million consisted of non-cash items, primarily including $26.6 million in stock-based compensation, $6.6 million of depreciation and amortization, $0.7 million of bad debt expense, and $0.8 million of amortization of premiums on marketable securities, which was offset by $2.8 million of deferred income tax benefits.

Cash provided by operating activities during 2014 also included an $8.0 million increase in accrued expenses attributable to increased expenses associated with the growth of the company as well as an increase in commissions due to new customer acquisition. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities included an $8.0 million increase in deferred revenue as the number of new customers increased which resulted in higher monthly, quarterly and annual billings in 2014. Cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by cash used in operating activities resulting from a $13.9 million increase in accounts receivable attributable to higher billings in the fourth quarter of 2014 due to the growth in our customer base and fourth quarter revenue seasonality, a $4.2 million increase in prepaid and other current assets, which was primarily due to the remaining deposit of $3.7 million in an escrow account to fund payments to key Mainstreet employees for post-combination employment services related to the acquisition of Mainstreet.

Cash provided by operating activities of $9.0 million during 2013 was a result of significant increased revenue due to the growth of our business although we continued to make significant investments in headcount, including costs associated with public company reporting and corporate governance requirements, and other expenses incurred to grow our business. During 2013, $20.9 million, or 116%, of our net loss of $18.0 million consisted of non-cash items, primarily including $14.7 million in stock-based compensation,

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$4.4 million of depreciation and amortization, $0.5 million of bad debt expense, a $0.7 million write-off of an other current asset, and $0.6 million amortization of premiums on marketable securities.

Cash provided by operating activities during 2013 also included an $8.8 million increase in accrued expenses attributable to increased expenses associated with the growth of the company as well as an increase in commissions due to new customer acquisition. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities included an $8.8 million increase in deferred revenue as the number of new customers increased which resulted in higher monthly, quarterly and annual billings in 2013. Cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by cash used in operating activities resulting from a $9.7 million increase in accounts receivable attributable to higher billings in the fourth quarter of 2013 due to the growth in our customer base and fourth quarter revenue seasonality and a $1.0 million increase in prepaid and other current assets due to an increase in business activity associated with the growth of our business and the timing of payments to vendors.

Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Investing Activities 

Our primary investing activities have consisted of purchases, offset by maturities, of investments, purchases of computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of expanding our infrastructure and workforce, development work performed to add new functionalities to our commerce platform as well as funding acquisitions. As our business grows, we expect our capital expenditures, software development, acquisitions and our investment activity to continue to increase.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, cash used in investing activities of $65.8 million comprised of $114.3 million for purchases of marketable securities, $15.8 million for purchases of property and equipment, $1.9 million for development of internal use software and a total of $54.7 million in cash payments, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of Tomax. These cash outflows were partially offset by the sale and maturity of $121.0 million of marketable securities during 2015. In general, our purchases of property and equipment were primarily for data center equipment and network infrastructure to support our customer base, as well as equipment for supporting our increasing employee headcount. Our development of internal use software represented work performed to add new functionalities to our commerce platform.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, cash used in investing activities of $91.0 million comprised of $132.8 million for purchases of marketable securities, $9.2 million for purchases of property and equipment and a total of $33.3 million in cash payments, net of cash acquired, for the acquisitions of Mainstreet and CQuotient. These cash outflows were partially offset by the sales and maturity of $84.2 million of marketable securities during 2014. In general, our purchases of property and equipment were primarily for data center equipment and network infrastructure to support our customer base, as well as equipment for supporting our increasing employee headcount.

For the year ended December 31, 2013, cash provided by investing activities of $4.8 million was comprised primarily of $67.5 million of marketable securities maturing in 2013, which were partially offset by $56.9 million for purchases of marketable securities and $5.6 million for purchases of property and equipment. Our purchases of property and equipment were primarily for data center equipment and network infrastructure to support our customer base, as well as equipment for supporting our increasing employee headcount.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 

Our primary financing activities have consisted of capital raised to fund our operations, proceeds received from exercises of stock options and share purchases under our employee stock purchase plan and contributions received from a noncontrolling interest, as well as proceeds from and payments on equipment debt obligations entered into to finance our property and equipment, primarily equipment used in our third party provided data centers.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, cash provided by financing activities of $7.8 million consisted of $6.2 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $1.6 million in proceeds from shares purchased under our employee stock purchase plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, cash provided by financing activities of $4.8 million consisted of $6.8 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options, $0.8 million in a contribution from a noncontrolling interest and $1.4 million in proceeds from shares purchased under our employee stock purchase plan, partially offset by $4.1 million in payments in connection with our equipment debt and software financing obligations.

For the year ended December 31, 2013, cash provided by financing activities of $169.4 million primarily consisted of $162.6 million of proceeds from our follow-on public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions but before offering expenses.

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In addition, cash provided by financing activities consisted of $7.9 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $2.0 million in proceeds from a note payable in connection with the financing of property and equipment, partially offset by $3.7 million in payments in connection with our equipment debt and software financing obligations.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal commitments consist of lease obligations for our office space and contractual commitments for hosting and other support services. The following table summarizes these contractual obligations at December 31, 2015: