Commission File Number 001-31914

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

August 6, 2014

China Life Insurance Company Limited

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

16 Financial Street

Xicheng District

Beijing 100033, China

Tel: (86-10) 6363-3333

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F  x            Form 40-F  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Yes  ¨            No   x

If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-         

Commission File Number 001-31914

China Life Insurance Company Limited issued an announcement on August 6, 2014, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 99.1 hereto.

EXHIBIT LIST

Commission File Number 001-31914

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Commission File Number 001-31914

Exhibit 99.1

CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED

(A joint stock limited company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China with limited liability)

(Stock Code: 2628)

ANNOUNCEMENT

RESIGNATION OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

The board of directors (the “Board”) of China Life Insurance Company Limited (the “Company”) announces that, due to his personal career arrangement, Mr. Wan Feng tendered his resignation as a non-executive director of the Company and from other related positions of the Board on 5 August 2014, which took effect on the same day.

Mr. Wan Feng has confirmed that he has no disagreement with the Board and there are no other matters relating to his resignation that need to be brought to the attention of the shareholders of the Company. The Board would like to express its gratitude to Mr. Wan Feng for his contribution to the Company during his tenure of service.

Hong Kong, 6 August 2014

As at the date of this announcement, the Board comprises: